early records and theories, 65-67;
photographs, 166, 173, 178, 181, 185-190;
spectrum, 170, 173, 178, 188, 190, 193;
varying types, 174-176, 193;
of 1877, 175-177;
of 1882, 177;
of 1869, 183;
of 1886, 185;
of 1889, 185-187;
of 1893, 188;
of 1898, 189;
of 1900, 189;
of 1901, 190;
daylight photography of, 178-180;
glare theory, 182;
mechanical theory, 191;
electro-magnetic theories, 191, 192
Coronium, 171, 174, 193
Cortie, movements in sun-spots, 157;
their spectral changes, 208
Cotes, corona of 1715, 176
Croll, secular changes of climate, 259, 260;
derivation of solar energy, 313
Crookes, chemical elements, 210
Crova, solar constant, 225
Cruls, comet of 1882, 358, 364
Cusa, solar constitution, 57
Cysatus, Orion nebula, 21;
comet of 1618, 362
Damoiseau, theory of Halley's comet, 101
D'Arrest, orbits of minor planets, 285;
Andromede meteors, 334;
ages of stars, 375;
variable nebulæ, 403;
measures of nebulæ, 404
Darwin, G. H., rigidity of the earth, 258;
Saturn's ring system, 301;
origin of the moon, 316-318;
development of solar system, 318, 319, 322;
solar tidal friction, 319
Daubrée, falls of aerolites, 339
Davidson, satellite-transit on Jupiter, 292
Davis, stellar parallaxes, 417
Dawes, prominences in 1851, 70;
Saturn's dusky ring, 86;
a star behind a comet, 106;
solar observations, 143, 164;
observations and drawings of Mars, 276, 278, 280;
satellite-transits on Jupiter, 291, 292
De Ball, markings on Mercury, 248
Delambre, Greenwich observations, 3;
solar rotation, 146;
light-equation, 231
De la Roche, Newton's law of cooling, 217
De la Rue, celestial photography, 152, 153, 268;
solar investigations, 154;
expedition to Spain, 166, 167
De la Tour, experiments on liquefaction, 151
Delaunay, tidal friction, 271, 272;
Coudé telescope, 436
Delisle, diffraction theory of corona, 67;
transits of Venus, 233, 239
Dembowski, double star measurements, 418
Denning, observations of Mercury, 246, 247;
mountain on Venus, 253;
rotation of Jupiter, 290;
red spot, 295;
periodicity of markings, 297;
rotation of Saturn, 302;
meteors of 1885, 336;
of 1892, 338;
stationary radiants, 341
Denza, meteors of 1872, 334
Derham, theory of sun-spots, 53;
ashen light on Venus, 255
Deslandres, eclipse expedition, 187;
rotation of corona, 188;
prominence photography, 198;
hydrogen spectrum in prominences, 198, 383;
photographs of Jupiter, 297;
radial movements of Saturn's rings, 300;
helium absorption in stars, 376;
stellar radial velocities, 406
Diffraction, corona explained by, 67, 70, 181;
spectrum, 139, 210, 223, 439
Dissociation in the sun, 152, 206-210;
in space, 312
Doberck, orbits of double stars, 38, 418
Dollond, discovery of achromatic telescope, 4, 112
Donati, discovery of comet, 323;
spectra of comets, 342;
of stars, 372
Doppler, effect of motion on light, 200
Douglass, observations of Jupiter's satellites, 292
Downing, perturbations of the Leonids, 338
Draper, H., ultra-violet spectrum, 210;
oxygen in sun, 213;
photographs of the moon, 268;
of Jupiter's spectrum, 291;
of Tebbutt's comet, 354;
of spectrum of Vega, 382;
of Orion nebula 407
Draper, J. W., lunar photographs, 152;
distribution of energy in spectrum, 223 _note_
Draper Memorial, 384-386
Dreyer, Catalogue of Nebulæ, 50
Dulong and Petit, law of radiation, 217, 219
Dunér, spectra of sun-spots, 156;
spectroscopic measurement of solar rotation, 203;
spectroscopic star catalogue, 381
Dunkin, solar translation, 39
Duponchel, sun-spot period, 163
Durchmusterung, Bonn, 33, 412;
Cape photographic, 412;
parallax, 418;
photometric, 421
Dyson, coronal photographs, 190
Earth, mean density, 60, 261;
knowledge regarding, 257;
rigidity, 257, 259;
variation of latitude, 258, 259;
figure, 261, 262;
effects of tidal friction, 271-273;
bodily tides, 316;
primitive disruption, 317
Easton, structure of Milky Way, 423, 424
Ebert, coronoidal discharges, 192
Eclipse, solar, of 1836, 61;
of 1842, 62-65, 67, 69;
of 1851, 69, 70, 166;
of 1860, 166, 167;
of 1868, 167-170;
of 1869, 170;
of 1870, 171;
of 1871, 173;
of 1878, 174-177;
of 1882, 177, 178;
of 1883, 180, 181;
of 1885, 183;
of 1886, 184;
of 1887, 185;
of 1889, 185-187;
of 1893, 187, 188;
of 1896, 188;
of 1898, 189;
of 1900, 189, 190;
of 1901, 190
Eclipses, lunar, heat-phases during, 269, 270
Eclipses, solar, importance, 59;
ancient, 60, 273;
classification, 61;
results, 192, 193
Eddie, comet of 1880, 349;
of 1882, 363
Edison, tasimeter, 177
Egoroff, telluric lines in solar spectrum, 211, 214
Elements, chemical, dissociation in sun, 206, 209, 210
Elkin, star parallaxes, 37, 416, 417;
photography of meteors, 338;
transit of great comet, 358, 360;
secondary tail, 363;
triangulation of the Pleiades, 410
Elliot, opinions regarding the sun, 57
Elvins, red spot on Jupiter, 296
Encke, star maps, 78;
calculation of short-period comet, 90;
resisting medium, 93;
distance of the sun, 230, 232;
period of Pons's comet, 365
Engelmann, rotation of Jupiter's satellites, 292
Ericsson, solar temperature, 218
Erman, meteoric rings, 330
Eros, measures of, for solar parallax, 238;
discovery, 284;
variability, 285
Ertborn, mountain in Venus, 253
Espin, spectra of variable stars, 379;
stars with banded spectra, 381;
Nova Aurigæ, 397, 398
Euler, resisting medium, 93
Evershed, eclipse photographs, 189, 200
Evolution, of solar system, 308, 309, 313-316, 322;
of earth-moon system, 316-318;
of stellar systems, 420
Fabricius, David, discovery of Mira Ceti, 10
Fabricius, John, detection of sun-spots, 52
Faculæ, relation to spots, 53, 155, 158;
solar rotation from, 155;
photographed, 197, 198, 377
Faye, nature of prominences, 70, 166;
discovery of a comet, 98;
cyclonic theory of sun-spots, 144, 157;
solar constitution, 150-152;
maximum of 1883, 163;
velocities in prominences, 205;
distance of the sun, 240;
planetary evolution, 314, 315, 321
Feilitsch, solar appendages, 70
Fényi, solar observations, 184, 204
Ferrel, tidal friction, 272
Ferrer, nature of corona, 67;
prominences, 69
Fessenden, electrical theory of comets, 348
Finlay, transit of great comet, 358, 360
Fizeau, daguerrotype of the sun, 153;
Doppler's principle, 201;
velocity of light, 232
Flammarion, canals of Mars, 280;
trans-Neptunian planet, 306
Flamsteed, solar constitution, 57;
distance, 228
Flaugergues, detection of 1811 comet, 99;
transit of Mercury, 244
Fleming, Mrs., spectrum of Beta Lyræ, 379;
preparation of Draper Catalogue, 386;
discoveries of new stars, 399
Flint, star-parallaxes, 417
Fontana, mountains of Venus, 252;
satellite, 256;
spots on Mars, 274
Forbes, George, trans-Neptunian planets, 306, 307
Forbes, James D., spectrum of annularly eclipsed sun, 134;
solar constant, 225
Foucault, spectrum of voltaic arc, 137;
photograph of the sun, 153;
velocity of light, 232, 240;
silvered glass reflectors, 429
Fraunhofer, early accident, 33;
improvement of refractors, 34;
clockwork motion, 121;
spectra of flames, 131;
of sun and stars, 133, 134, 372;
objective prism, 385;
diffraction gratings, 439
Fraunhofer lines, mapped, 133, 136;
origin, 135-137, 171, 172;
reflected in coronal spectrum, 170, 173, 181;
in cometary spectra, 354, 357;
shifted by radial motion, 201
Freycinet, distribution of minor planets, 287
Fritz, auroral periodicity, 162
Frost, solar heat radiation, 222
Galileo, descriptive astronomy, 2;
double-star method of parallaxes, 16;
discovery of sun-spots, 52;
solar rotation, 146;
planets and sun-spots, 163;
darkening at sun's edge, 221
Galle, discovery of Neptune, 81, 82;
Saturn's dusky ring, 86;
distance of the sun, 237;
path of Andromede meteors, 334
Galloway, solar translation, 39
Gambart, discovery of comet, 95
Gauss, orbits of minor planets, 74;
_Theoria Motus_, 77;
magnetic observations, 126, 127;
cometary orbits, 370
Gautier, sun-spot and magnetic periods, 126, 128;
sun-spots and weather, 129
German Astronomical Society, 6, 414
Gill, star-parallaxes, 37, 42, 416, 417;
expedition to Ascension, 237;
distance of the sun, 237, 238, 240;
constant of aberration, 241;
arc measurements, 261, 262;
comet of 1882, 359, 412;
oxygen-absorption in stars, 384;
photograph of Argo nebula, 404;
Cape Durchmusterung, 412;
photographic celestial survey, 413;
actinic intensity of galactic stars, 425;
Coudé telescope, 438
Gladstone, J. H., spectrum analysis, 134, 136
Glaisher, occultation by Halley's comet, 106
Glasenapp, coronal photographs, 185;
light equation, 231, 241;
double star measures, 419
Glass, optical, excise duty on, 112, 115;
Guinand's, 113, 114;
Jena, 431
Gledhill, spot on Jupiter, 294
Goldschmidt, nebulæ in the Pleiades, 411
Goodricke, periodicity of Algol, 390
Gore, catalogue of variable stars, 391;
of computed binaries, 418
Gothard, bright-line stellar spectra, 378, 379;
spectrum of Nova Aurigæ, 398;
photographs of nebulæ, 409
Gould, variation of latitude, 258;
photograph of Mars, 281;
comets of 1807 and 1881, 349, 352;
luminous instability of stars, 392;
photographic measures of the Pleiades, 410;
_Uranometria Argentina_, 415;
solar cluster, 423, 426
Graham, discovery of Metis, 77
Grant, solar envelope, 70, 167;
transit phenomena, 254
Green, observation of Mars, 280
Greenwich observations, 3, 27, 32
Gregory, David, achromatic lenses, 112 _note_
Gregory, James, double star method of parallaxes, 16;
reflecting telescopes, 109
Groombridge, star catalogue, 31
Grosch, corona of 1867, 176
Grubb, Sir Howard, photographic reflector, 409;
great refractors, 430, 433;
siderostat, 437
Grubb, Thomas, Melbourne reflector, 110 _note_, 428
Gruithuisen, snow-caps of Venus, 255;
lunar inhabitants, 265
Gully, detection of Nova Andromedæ, 394
Guthrie, nebulous glow round Venus, 253
Hadley, Saturn's dusky ring, 86;
reflecting telescope, 109
Haerdtl, Winnecke's comet, 94
Hale, luminous outburst on sun, 161;
daylight coronal photography, 179;
spectrum of prominences, 195, 198;
prominence photography, 197, 198;
photographs of faculæ, 198, 377;
carbon in chromosphere, 200;
bright lines in fourth-type stars, 381;
reflectors and refractors, 432
Hall, Asaph, parallax of the sun, 241;
discovery of Martian satellites, 282;
rotation of Saturn, 302;
double star measurements, 419
Hall, Chester More, invention of achromatic telescope, 112
Hall, Maxwell, rotation of Neptune, 305
Halley, stellar proper motions, 9;
composition of nebulæ, 22;
observation of Eta Carinæ, 48;
eclipse of 1715, 66, 68;
predicted return of comet, 88;
magnetic theory of auroræ, 130;
transits of Venus, 233;
lunar acceleration, 271;
origin of meteors, 327
Halm, magnetic relations of latitude variation, 259
Hansen, solar parallax from lunar theory, 230
Hansky, coronal photographs, 188, 189
Harding, discovery of Juno, 75;
celestial atlas, 77
Harkness, spectrum of corona, 170;
corona of 1878, 175;
shadow of the moon in solar eclipses, 182;
light equation, 231;
distance of the sun, 237, 240, 241, 242
Harriot, observations on Halley's comet, 29
Hartley, gallium in the sun, 200, 213
Hartwig, Nova Andromedæ, 394
Hasselberg, metallic spectra, 211;
spectra of comets, 342, 357;
of Nova Andromedæ, 395
Hastings, composition of photosphere, 152;
observations at Caroline Island, 181;
Saturn's dusky ring, 299
Hegel, number of the planets, 73
Heis, radiant of Andromedes, 334
Heliometer, 34, 234, 237, 238, 240
Helium, a constituent of prominences, 194, 195, 199;
no absorption by, in solar spectrum, 213;
absorptive action in first-type stars, 376;
bright in gaseous stars, 377, 378, 380;
in Orion nebula, 407
Helmholtz, gravitational theory of sun-heat, 311-313
Hencke, discoveries of minor planets, 76
Henderson, parallax of Alpha Centauri, 36, 416;
observation of chromosphere, 68
Henry, Paul and Prosper, lunar twilight, 264;
markings on Uranus, 303;
photograph of Saturn, 408;
photographs of nebulæ in the Pleiades, 410, 411;
stellar photography, 413;
plane mirrors, 438
Herrick and Bradley, duplication of Biela's comet, 96
Herschel, Alexander S., cometary and meteoric orbits, 332
Herschel, Caroline, her brother's assistant, 12;
observation of Encke's comet, 90
Herschel, Colonel, spectrum of prominences, 168;
of reversing layer, 172;
of corona, 174
Herschel, Sir John, life and work, 45-50;
Magellanic clouds, 47, 422;
sun-spots, 58, 59, 144;
solar flames, 68;
anticipation of Neptune's discovery, 81;
status of Hyperion, 85;
Biela's comet, 95;
Halley's, 102;
comet of 1843, 103;
sixth star in "trapezium," 113;
grinding of specula, 116;
spectrum analysis, 136;
solar photography, 145, 154;
solar constitution, 151;
shadow round eclipsed sun, 182;
actinometrical experiments, 216;
solar heat, 217;
climate and eccentricity, 259;
lunar atmosphere, 263;
surface of Mars, 276;
Andromeda nebula, 396;
observations of nebulæ, 404;
double nebulæ, 412
Herschel, Sir William, discovery of Uranus, 5;
founder of sidereal astronomy, 9;
biographical sketch, 11-14;
sun's motion in space, 15, 39, 425;
revolutions of double stars, 18, 442;
structure of Milky Way, 19-21, 423;
nature of nebulæ, 21-26, 401;
results of his observations, 25;
centre of sidereal system, 40;
theory of the sun, 54-56, 70;
asteroids, 75;
discoveries of Saturnian and Uranian satellites, 84, 87, 110;
comet of 1811, 99;
reflecting telescopes, 109-111;
sun-spots and weather, 129;
transit of Mercury, 244;
refraction in Venus, 252;
lunar volcanoes, 266;
terrestrial affinity of Mars, 274;
Jovian trade-winds, 289;
rotation of Jupiter's satellites, 292;
ring of Saturn, 298;
rotation of Saturn, 302;
origin of comets, 369;
stellar photometry, 420
Herz, comets' tails, 348
Hevelius, "Mira" Ceti, 10;
contraction of comets, 92;
granular structure of comet, 362
Higgs, photographs of solar spectrum, 211, 214
Hind, solar flames, 70;
Iris and Flora discovered by, 77;
distortion of Biela's comet, 96;
transit of a comet, 101;
earth in a comet's tail, 326;
comets of 1843 and 1880, 349;
Schmidt's comet, 363;
new star, 392;
variable nebula, 403
Hirn, solar temperature, 220;
resistance in space, 348
Hodgson, outburst on the sun, 160
Hoeffler, star-drift in Ursa Major, 426
Hoek, cometary systems, 362
Holden, Uranian satellites, 87;
eclipse expedition, 180;
coronal extensions, 186;
solar rotation, 203;
transit of Mercury, 245;
intra-Mercurian planets, 250;
drawing of Venus, 252;
lunar photographs, 268;
canals on Mars, 279;
surface of Mars, 281;
transits of Jupiter's satellites, 292;
markings on Uranus, 304;
disintegration of comet, 362;
colours of double stars, 374;
Nova Aurigæ, 398;
Orion and Trifid nebulæ, 403, 404;
director of Lick Observatory, 435
Holden and Schaeberle, observations of nebulæ, 433
Holmes, discovery of a comet, 337
Homann, solar translation, 406
Hooke, solar translation, 10;
stellar parallax, 16;
repulsive action on comets, 102 _note_;
automatic movement of telescopes, 120;
spots on Mars, 274, 275
Hopkins, solidity of the earth, 257
Horrebow, sun-spot periodicity, 125;
satellite of Venus, 256
Hough, G. W., red spot on Jupiter, 295, 430;
observations of double stars, 419
Houzeau, solar parallax, 240
Howlett, sun-spot observations, 155
Hubbard, period of comet of 1843, 105, 351
Huggins, Sir William, spectroscopic observations of prominences,
170, 195;
hydrogen spectrum in stars, 178, 198;
daylight coronal photography, 178, 179;
repulsive action in corona, 191;
stellar motions in line of sight, 201, 386, 387;
transit of Mercury, 245;
occultation of a star, 263;
snowcaps on Mars, 276;
spectrum of Mars, 277;
of Jupiter, 290;
Jovian markings and sun-spots, 297;
spectrum of Uranus, 304;
of comets, 342, 343;
photographs, 354, 357;
stellar spectroscopy, 373;
colours of stars, 374;
classification of star spectra, 376;
photographs, 382, 383, 438;
stellar chemistry, 381, 382;
spectra of new stars, 393, 395;
theory of Nova Aurigæ, 397;
spectra of nebulæ, 401, 402, 407;
nebular radial movement, 405
Huggins, Sir William and Lady, photograph of Uranian spectrum, 305;
spectra of Wolf-Rayet stars, 380;
ultra-violet spectrum of Sirius, 383;
nitrogen in stars, 384;
spectrum of Nova Aurigæ, 396-398;
of Andromeda nebula, 403;
of Orion nebula, 407
Humboldt, sun-spot period, 126;
magnetic observations, 127;
meteoric shower, 329
Hussey, T. J., search for Neptune, 79
Hussey, W. J., cloud effects on Mars, 281;
cometary appendages, 369;
period of Delta Equulei, 419;
discoveries of double stars, 419, 433
Huygens, stellar parallax, 16;
Orion nebula, 22;
discovery of Titan, 84;
Saturn's ring, 85, 301;
spot on Mars, 275
Hydrogen, a constituent of prominences, 168, 195, 199;
spectrum, 178, 198, 383, 384;
absorption in stars, 198, 373, 381-383;
in sun, 211;
theoretical material of comets' tails, 347;
emissions in stars, 377-380, 384, 393, 397;
in nebulæ, 402, 407
Innes, Southern double stars, 419
Jacoby, measurement of Rutherfurd's plates, 410;
Pritchard's parallax work, 417
Janssen, photographs of the sun, 165;
spectroscopic observations of prominences, 168, 169;
escape from Paris in a balloon, 171;
coronal spectrum, 173, 181;
coronal photographs, 181;
rarefaction of chromospheric gases, 182;
oxygen absorption in solar spectrum, 214;
transit of 1874, 234;
spectrum of Venus, 254;
of Saturn, 303;
photographs of Tebbutt's comet, 353, 354;
of Orion nebula, 407
Japetus, eclipse of, 300;
variability in light, 302
Jewell, solar spectroscopy, 200, 211
Joule, heat and motion, 309
Jupiter, mass corrected, 77, 92;
conjectured influence on sun-spot development, 163;
physical condition, 289, 290;
spectrum, 290, 291;
satellite-transits, 291, 292;
discovery of inner satellite, 293;
red spot, 293-296;
photographs, 297, 408;
periodicity of markings, 297
Kaiser, rotation of Mars, 275;
map of Mars, 278
Kammermann, observation of Maia nebula, 410
Kant, status of nebulæ, 14;
Sirius the central sun, 40;
planetary intervals, 71;
tidal friction, 272;
condition of Jupiter, 289;
cosmogony, 308
Kapteyn, solar translation, 40;
Cape Durchmusterung, 412;
stellar parallaxes, 417, 418;
actinic intensity of galactic stars, 425;
solar cluster, 426
Kayser and Runge, spectroscopic investigations, 211, 213
Keeler, red spot on Jupiter, 296;
spectroscopic determination of movements in Saturn's rings, 300;
spectrum of Uranus, 304;
of third type stars, 382;
of nebulæ, 402;
photographs of nebulæ, 403, 411, 412, 432;
nebular radial movements, 405, 434, 440;
grating spectroscope, 440
Kepler, star of 1604, 25;
solar corona, 66;
missing planets, 71;
cometary decay, 91, 339;
comet of 1618, 96;
physical astronomy, 141
Kiaer, comets' tails, 348
Kirchhoff, foundation of spectrum analysis, 132, 135-137, 372;
map of solar spectrum, 137;
solar constitution, 149, 151, 172
Kirkwood, distribution of minor planets, 286;
grouped orbits, 287;
divisions in Saturn's rings, 301, 302;
origin of planets, 314;
their mode of rotation, 321;
comets and meteors, 333, 339
Kleiber, Perseid radiants, 341
Klein, Hyginus N., 267, 268
Klinkerfues, comet predicted by, 335, 339;
apparitions of Southern comet, 350;
tidal theory of new stars, 397
Knobel, cloud effects on Mars, 281
Konkoly, spectrum of Gamma Cassiopeiæ, 378;
spectroscopic survey, 381 _note_
Kreil, lunar magnetic action, 130
Kreutz, period of 1843 comet, 105;
orbit of 1861 comet, 327;
period of great September comet, 361;
cause of disintegration, 363;
eclipse-comet of 1882, 362
Krüger, segmentation of great comet, 362
Küstner, variation of latitude, 258
Kunowsky, spots on Mars, 275
Lacaille, southern nebulæ, 22;
Eta Carinæ, 48
Lagrange, theory of solar system, 2;
planetary disruption, 76
Lahire, diffraction theory of corona, 67;
distance of the sun, 228;
mountains of Venus, 252
Lalande, popularisation of astronomy, 5;
revolving stars, 18;
_Histoire Céleste_, 31, 415;
nature of sun-spots, 53;
observations of Neptune, 83
Lambert, solar motion, 10;
construction of the universe, 14, 40;
missing planets, 71
Lamont, magnetic period, 127, 128
Lamp, ashen light on Venus, 256
Langdon, mountains of Venus, 253
Langley, solar granules, 165;
corona of 1878, 176;
spectroscopic effects of solar rotation, 202;
infra-red spectrum, 210, 223, 224;
experiments at Pittsburg, 221;
bolometer, 222;
distribution of energy in spectrum, 224, 225;
atmospheric absorption, 224, 225, 276;
solar constant, 225;
lunar heat-spectrum, 269;
temperature of lunar surface, 270;
age of the sun, 312
Laplace, lunar acceleration, 2, 271;
_Système du Monde_, 5;
nebular hypothesis, 25, 308, 309, 313, 314, 322;
stability of Saturn's rings, 85, 298;
solar atmosphere, 94, 221;
Lexell's comet, 106, 367;
solar distance by lunar theory, 230;
origin of meteors, 328;
of comets, 370
Lassell, discovery of Neptune's satellite, 83;
of Hyperion, 85;
Saturn's dusky ring, 86;
observations at Malta, 87, 434;
reflectors, 114;
equatoreal mounting, 121
Latitude, variation of, 258, 259
Laugier, period of 1843 comet, 105;
solar rotation, 146
Le Chatelier, temperature of the sun, 219
Lescarbault, pseudo-discovery of Vulcan, 248;
halo round Venus, 254
Lespiault, orbits of minor planets, 285
Le Sueur, spectrum of Jupiter, 291
Leverrier, discovery of Neptune, 80-82;
Lexell's comet, 98, 367;
distance of the sun, 230, 240;
revolutions of Mercury, 248;
supposed transits of Vulcan, 249;
mass of asteroids, 287;
orbit of November meteors, 332;
Perseids and Leonids, 333
Lexell, comet of 1770, 98, 106, 367
Liais, supposed transit of Vulcan, 249;
comet of 1861, 326;
division of a comet, 339
Librations, of Mercury, 247;
of Venus, 251;
of the moon, 266
Lick, foundation of observatory, 434
Light, velocity, 38, 232, 241;
extinction in space, 45;
refrangibility changed by movement, 201
Light-equation, 231, 241
Ligondès, development of solar system, 316
Lindsay, Lord, expedition to Mauritius, 234
Line of sight, movements in, 201, 386;
of solar limbs, 202, 203;
in prominences, 204, 208;
of stars, 201, 386, 387;
binaries detected by, 387-391
Listing, dimensions of the globe, 262
Littrow, chromosphere, 70;
sun-spot periodicity, 126
Liveing and Dewar, carbon in the sun, 212
Lockyer, solar spectroscopy, 156, 212;
theory of sun-spots, 159, 163;
daylight observations of prominences, 169, 194, 204, 205;
eclipse of 1870, 171;
slitless spectroscope, 173;
corona of 1878, 175;
glare theory of corona, 182;
eclipse of 1886, 184;
chromospheric spectrum, 195;
classification of prominences, 196;
their radial movements, 204;
celestial dissociation, 206-210;
chemistry of sun-spots, 207;
spots on Mars, 275;
meteoritic hypothesis, 376, 402;
equatoreal Coudé, 438
Loewy, constant of aberration, 241, 438;
lunar photographs, 268;
director of Paris Observatory, 414;
equatoreal Coudé, 436, 437
Lohrmann, lunar chart, 265;
Linné, 267
Lohse, J. G., spectrum of great comet, 364
Lohse, O., daylight coronal photography, 178 _note_;
spectral investigations, 211;
twilight on Venus, 256;
red spot on Jupiter, 294;
periodicity of Jupiter's markings, 297;
motion of Sirius, 386;
spectrum of Nova Cygni, 393
Louville, nature of corona, 67;
chromosphere, 68
Lowell, rotation of Mercury, 248;
of Venus, 252;
markings on Venus, 255;
observations of Mars, 280, 281;
satellites, 283
Lyman, atmosphere of Venus, 254
McClean, photographs of solar spectrum, 211, 215;
helium stars, 377;
oxygen stars, 384;
equipment of Cape Observatory, 433
Macdonnell, luminous ring round Venus, 254
Maclaurin, eclipse of 1737, 65
Maclear, Admiral, observations during eclipses, 172, 182
Maclear, Sir Thomas, maximum of Eta Carinæ, 49;
observation of Halley's comet, 102
Mädler, central sun, 41;
observations
of Venus, 253;
lunar rills, 263;
aspect of Linné, 267;
common proper motions, 426
Magellanic clouds, 47, 422;
spiral character, 425
Magnetism, terrestrial, international observations, 126;
periodicity, 127, 128;
solar relations, 128, 160, 161, 163, 205;
lunar influence, 130
Mann, last observation of Donati's comet, 325
Maraldi, solar corona, 67;
rotation of Mars, 274;
satellite-transits on Jupiter, 291;
spot on Jupiter, 295
Marius, Andromeda nebula, 21;
sun-spots, 52
Mars, oppositions, 228;
solar parallax from, 228, 237, 240;
polar spots, 274, 276, 277, 280, 281;
permanent markings, 274-276;
rotation, 274, 275;
atmosphere, 276, 277;
climate, 277, 278;
canals, 278-281;
photographs, 281;
satellites, 282, 283, 314, 320, 321
Marth, revolutions of Neptune's satellite, 305
Maskelyne, components of Castor, 18;
Astronomer-Royal, 27;
experiment at Schehallien, 261;
comets and meteors, 332
Maunder, photographs of corona of 1886, 185;
comparative massiveness of stars, 375;
constitution of nebulæ, 403
Maunder, Mrs., coronal photographs, 189, 190
Maury, director of Naval Observatory, 7;
duplication of Biela's comet, 96
Maury, Miss A. C., spectrographic investigations, 386;
discoveries of spectroscopic binaries, 387, 388
Maxwell, J. Clerk, structure of Saturn's rings, 298, 300
Mayer, C., star satellites, 17
Mayer, Julius R., tidal friction, 272;
meteoric sustentation of sun's heat, 310
Mayer, Tobias, stellar motions, 10;
solar translation, 15;
repeating circle, 122;
solar distance, 230;
satellite of Venus, 256;
lunar surface, 263
Mazapil meteorite, 340
Meldrum, sun-spots and cyclones, 164
Melloni, lunar heat, 269
Melvill, spectra of flames, 131
Mercury, mass, 92;
luminous phenomena during transits, 244, 245;
spectrum, 245;
mountainous conformation, 246, 247;
rotation, 247, 248;
theory of movements, 248, 250
Mersenne, reflecting telescope, 108
Messier, catalogue of nebulæ, 22
Meteoric hypothesis of solar sustentation, 310;
of planetary formation, 311
Meteoritic hypothesis of cosmical constitution, 376, 402
Meteors, origin, 327, 328;
relations to comets, 327, 332-334, 340;
Leonids, 328-334, 338;
Perseids, 329, 332, 333, 341;
Andromedes, 334-338;
stationary radiants, 341
Meunier, canals of Mars, 280
Meyer, divisions of Saturn's rings, 302;
comet of 1880, 351;
cometary refraction, 353;
comet Tewfik, 362
Michell, double stars, 17;
torsion balance, 261;
star systems, 426
Michelson, velocity of light, 241
Milky Way, grindstone theory, 14;
clustering power, 20, 26;
structure, 20, 41, 45, 47, 423-425;
centre of gravity, 40, 41;
frequented by Wolf-Rayet, temporary, and helium stars, 380, 399, 425;
by gaseous nebulæ, 402;
drawings and photographs, 424, 425
Miller, W. A., spectrum analysis, 132, 136, 137;
stellar chemistry, 373
Mira, light changes, 10;
spectrum, 374, 379
Mitchel, lectures at Cincinnati, 6
Mitchell, photograph of reversing layer, 190
Möller, theory of Faye's comet, 98
Mohn, origin of comets, 370
Moll, transit of Mercury, 245
Monck, Perseid meteors, 341;
new stars, 395
Moon, acceleration, 2, 271, 272;
magnetic influence, 130;
photographs, 152, 153, 268;
solar parallax from disturbed motion, 230, 240;
study of surface, 263;
atmosphere, 263-265;
charts, 265-267;
librations, 266;
superficial changes, 267, 268;
thermal radiations, 269, 270;
rotation, 272;
tables, 272, 273;
origin, 316-318
Morinus, celestial chemistry, 140
Morstadt, Andromede meteors, 332
Mouchez, photographic survey of the heavens, 413;
death, 414
Müller, phases of Mercury, 246;
of minor planets, 288;
albedo of Mars, 283;
of Jupiter, 290;
of Saturn, 303;
variability of Neptune, 305;
of Pons's comet, 366;
stellar photometry, 421
Munich, Optical Institute, 28, 34
Myer, solar eclipse, 183
Nasmyth, Lassell's reflector, 83;
solar willow-leaves, 164;
comparative lustre of Mercury and Venus, 255;
condition of Jupiter, 289
Nasmyth and Carpenter, _The Moon_, 265
Nebula, Andromeda, early observations, 21;
new star in, 394, 395;
photographs, 395, 409;
structure, 396;
spectrum, 402, 403;
visibility at Arequipa, 435
Nebula, Orion, observed by Herschel, 12;
mentioned by Cysatus, 21;
apparent resolvability, 119;
suspected variability, 403;
radial movement, 405;
spectrum, 407;
photographs, 407, 408, 436
Nebulæ, first discoveries, 22;
catalogues, 22, 46, 50, 412;
distribution, 23, 48, 422;
composition, 24, 47, 401, 402;
resolution, 47, 117, 119;
double, 48, 412;
spiral, 118, 410, 412;
new stars in, 394-396, 399, 401;
spectra, 401-403, 407;
variability, 403, 404;
radial movements, 405;
photographs, 407-409, 425
Nebular hypothesis, Herschel's, 24, 25;
Laplace's, 25, 308, 309, 322;
objections, 313-315
Neison, atmosphere of Venus, 254;
rills on the moon, 263;
_The Moon_, 265
Neptune, discovery, 78-83;
satellite, 83, 305;
density, 84;
comets captured by, 98, 306, 365;
mode of rotation, 305, 313, 315, 322
Newall, F., duplicity of Capella, 389;
stellar radial motions, 430
Newall, R. S., 25-inch refractor, 430
Newcomb, runaway stars, 39;
solar translation, 40;
origin of minor planets, 76;
telescopic powers, 119;
corona of 1878, 176;
of 1869, 183;
distance of the sun, 231-233;
velocity of light, 241;
variation of latitude, 259;
lunar atmosphere, 263;
lunar theory, 272, 273;
disturbance of Neptune's satellite, 305;
formation of planets, 314;
star catalogue, 415;
structure of Milky Way, 423
Newton, H. A., capture of comets by planets, 98;
falls of aerolites, 311;
November meteors, 330, 331;
meteors of 1885, 336, 337;
orbits of aerolites, 340
Newton, Sir Isaac, founder of theoretical astronomy, 1, 141;
comets subject to gravitation, 88;
first speculum, 109;
solar radiations, 216;
law of cooling, 217-219;
telescopes and atmosphere, 434
Niesten, volume of asteroids, 287;
red spot on Jupiter, 293
Nobert, diffraction gratings, 439
Noble, observations of Mercury, 246;
secondary tail of comet, 355
Nolan, origin of the moon, 317;
period of Phobos, 320
Norton, expulsion theory of solar appendages, 193 _note_;
comets' tails, 345, 347
Nova Andromedæ, 394, 395
Nova Aurigæ, 396-399
Nova Cygni, 393, 394, 398
Nova Persei, 400, 401
Nutation, discovered by Bradley, 3, 15;
a uranographical correction, 31
Nyrén, constant of aberration, 241
Observatory, Greenwich, 3, 27, 433;
Cape of Good Hope, 6, 36, 433;
Paramatta, 6, 90;
Harvard College, 7, 85;
Königsberg, 30;
Dorpat, 43;
Pulkowa, 44;
Palermo, 72;
Berlin, 90;
Anclam, 149;
Potsdam, 149;
Kew, 153;
Arequipa, 264, 435, 436;
Yerkes, 433;
Lick, 435
Occultations of stars by comets, 95, 105, 106;
by the moon, 263;
by Mars, 276;
of Jupiter by the moon, 264
Olbers, Bessel's first patron, 29, 30;
discoveries of minor planets, 74, 75;
origin by explosion, 75, 76;
career, 89, 90;
Biela's comet, 95;
comet of 1811, 99;
electrical theory of comets, 100, 104, 324, 347;
multiple tails, 100;
comet of 1819, 101;
cometary coruscations, 105;
November meteors, 329
Olmsted, radiant of Leonids, 328;
orbit, 329
Oppenheim, calculation of Schmidt's comet, 363
Oppolzer, E. von, theory of sun-spots, 159;
variability of Eros, 285
Oppolzer, Th. von, Winnecke's comet, 94;
comet of 1843, 350
Oxygen in sun, 213-215;
telluric absorption, 214;
in stars, 384
Packer, variable stars in cluster, 436
Palisa, search for Vulcan, 181, 250;
discoveries of minor planets, 283
Pallas, discovery, 74;
inclination of orbit, 75, 286;
diameter, 75, 287, 288
Pape, Donati's comet, 345
Parallax, annual, of stars, 10, 16, 33, 36, 416-418;
horizontal, of sun, 227;
Encke's result, 230, 232;
improved values from oppositions of Mars, 231, 237;
from light velocity, 231, 232, 241;
from recent transits, 236, 240;
from observations of minor planets, 238, 239;
general result, 242
Paris Catalogue of Stars, 415
Paschen, oxygen in sun, 215;
solar temperature, 220
Pastorff, drawings of the sun, 101
Peirce, structure of Saturn's rings, 298
Perrine, eclipse photographs, 190;
nature of corona, 191;
observation
of Holmes's comet, 369;
nebula round Nova Persei, 401
Perrotin, rotation of Venus, 252;
markings on, 255;
canals of Mars, 279;
clouds on Mars, 281;
striation of Saturn's rings, 299;
rotation and compression of Uranus, 303, 304;
changes of Pons's comet, 366;
Maia nebula, 410;
measures of double stars, 419
Perry, eclipse of December, 1889, 187
Personal equation, 123, 235
Peter, star-parallaxes, 417
Peters, C. A. F.,
parallax of 61 Cygni, 36;
disturbed motion of Sirius, 42
Peters, C. F. W., orbit of Leonid meteors and comet, 332
Peters, C. H. F., sun-spot observations, 147, 148;
discoveries of minor planets, 283;
star maps, 284, 415
Peytal, description of chromosphere, 69
Phobos, rapid revolution, 282, 283, 314;
tidal relations, 320, 321
Photography, solar, 145, 153, 154, 165;
of corona, 166, 173, 175, 178, 181, 185-190;
without an eclipse, 178-180;
of prominences, 167, 197, 198;
of coronal spectrum, 171, 188, 190;
of prominence-spectrum, 195, 198;
of arc-spectrum, 206, 211;
of solar spectrum, 210, 211, 215, 439, 440;
of Uranian spectrum, 305;
of cometary spectra, 354, 357;
of stellar and nebular spectra, 382-384, 396, 398, 400, 407;
lunar, 152, 153, 268;
detection of comets by, 178, 338, 369;
of asteroids, 284;
of new stars, 399;
use of, in transits of Venus, 234, 236, 240;
Mars depicted by, 277, 281;
Jupiter, 297, 408;
comets, 353, 354, 368, 412;
nebulæ, 395, 401, 407-409, 411, 425;
Milky Way, 424, 425;
star-charting by, 413, 414;
star-parallaxes by, 417;
rapid improvement, 438
Photometry, stellar, 49, 420, 421;
of planetary phases, 245, 288;
of Saturn's rings, 299;
photographic, 421
Photosphere, named by Schröter, 55;
structure, 151, 152, 164, 165
Piazzi, star catalogues, 31;
parallaxes, 33;
motion of 61 Cygni, 35;
birth and training, 72;
5-foot circle, 72, 121;
discovery of Ceres, 73, 74
Picard, Saturn's dark ring, 86;
sun's distance, 228
Pickering, E. C., photometric measures of Martian satellites, 282;
of minor planets, 287;
variability of Japetus, 302;
of Neptune, 305;
meteoric photography, 339;
gaseous stars, 379;
hydrogen spectrum in stars 383;
spectrographic results, 385;
eclipses of Algol, 390;
photographic celestial surveys, 399;
star density in Pleiades, 411;
photometric catalogues, 420, 421;
photographic photometry, 421;
white stars in Milky Way, 425;
climate of Arequipa, 435;
horizontal telescope, 437
Pickering, W. H., corona of 1886, 185;
coronal photographs, January 1, 1889, 186;
lunar twilight, 264;
lunar volcanic action, 267;
melting of snow on Mars, 277;
Martian snowfall, 281;
Jupiter's satellites, 292;
photographs of comets, 368;
of Orion nebula, 408;
observatory at Arequipa, 435
Pingré, phenomena of comets, 92, 96
Planets, influence on sun-spots, 163;
periods and distances, 228;
intra-Mercurian, 248-250;
inferior and superior, 288;
trans-Neptunian, 306, 307;
origin, 309, 313;
relative ages, 314, 315
Planets, minor, existence inferred, 71, 72;
discoveries, 73-75, 77, 283, 284;
solar parallax from, 237-239;
distribution of orbits, 286, 287;
collective volume, 287;
atmospheres, 288
Plantade, halo round Mercury, 244
Pleiades, community of movement near, 41;
photographed spectra, 385;
measurements, 410;
photographs, 410, 411;
nebulæ, 410, 411
Plücker, hydrogen in sun, 212
Plummer, solar translation, 39;
Encke's comet, 99
Plutarch, solar corona, 65
Pogson, prominence spectrum, 168;
reversing layer, 172;
discovery of a comet, 335, 339;
new star in cluster, 395
Pond, errors of Greenwich quadrant, 28;
controversy with Brinkley, 33
Pons, discoveries of comets, 90, 94, 365
Pontécoulant, return of Halley's comet, 101
Poor, C. Lane, calculation of Lexell's comet, 367
Porter, solar translation, 40
Pouillet, solar constant, 216, 225;
temperature of the sun, 217;
of space, 270
Poynting, mean density of the earth, 261
Prince, glow round Venus, 253
Pritchard, parallax of Beta Aurigæ, 388;
photographic determinations of stellar parallax, 417;
photometric catalogue, 420
Pritchett, corona of January, 1889, 186;
red spot on Jupiter, 294
Proctor, glare theory of corona, 182;
speed of ejections from sun, 205;
transit of Venus, 233;
distance of sun, 236;
atmosphere of Venus, 254;
rotation of Mars, 275;
map and canals of Mars, 278, 279;
condition of great planets, 289;
Nova Andromedæ, 403;
status of nebulæ, 422, 423;
structure of Milky Way, 424;
star drift, 426
Procyon, satellite, 42; parallax, 417
Prominences, observed in 1842, 63, 64, 68;
described by Vassenius, 68;
observed in 1851, 70;
photographed during eclipse, 167, 188, 190;
without eclipse, 197, 198;
spectrum, 168, 178, 194, 195, 198, 199;
spectroscopic method of observing, 168-170, 194-196;
white, 183, 184;
chemistry, 195, 199;
classification, 196;
distribution, 199;
movements in, 204-206;
heat of development, 220
Quetelet, periodicity of August meteors, 329
Ranyard, drawing of sun-spot, 101;
coronal types, 175, 185;
lunar atmosphere, 265;
Jupiter's markings, 297;
meteors from fixed radiants, 341;
cometary trains, 348;
tenuity of nebulæ, 409
Rayet, spectrum of prominences, 168, 170
Red spot on Jupiter, 293, 296
Reduction of observations, 31;
Bessel's improvements, 32, 122;
Baily's, 60
Refraction, atmospheric, 31;
effects looked for in comets, 106, 353;
Cytherean, 235, 253, 254;
lunar 263, 264
Reichenbach, foundation of Optical Institute, 28, 34, 122
Repsold, astronomical circles, 41, 122;
Cape heliometer, 416
Resisting medium, 93, 94, 360
Respighi, slitless spectroscope, 173;
prominences and chromosphere, 194, 196, 199;
solar uprushes, 205;
spectrum of Gamma Argûs, 380
Reversing layer, detected, 171, 172;
photographed, 172, 189;
depth, 173
Riccioli, secondary light of Venus, 255
Riccò, trials with coronagraph, 180;
distribution of prominences, 199;
spectrum of Venus, 254;
spot on Jupiter, 294;
spectrum of great comet, 364
Richer, distance of the sun, 228
Ristenpart, solar translation, 40
Ritchey, nebula round Nova Persei, 401;
photographs of nebulæ, 432
Ritter, development of stars, 375
Roberts, A. W., southern variables, 392
Roberts, Isaac, search for ultra-Neptunian planet, 306;
photographs of Orion nebula, 408;
of Andromeda nebula, 409;
of the Pleiades, 411
Roberval, structure of Saturn's rings, 299
Robinson, reflectors and refractors, 431
Roche, inner limit of satellite-formation, 301;
modification of nebular hypothesis, 321
Römer, star places, 10;
invention of equatoreal and transit instrument, 120;
of altazimuth, 121;
velocity of light, 231;
satellite transit on Jupiter, 291
Rosenberger, return of Halley's comet, 101
Rosetti, temperature of the sun, 219
Rosse, third Earl of, biographical sketch, 114;
great specula, 115-117;
discovery of spiral nebulæ, 118;
resolution of nebulæ, 119;
climate and telescopes, 434
Rosse, fourth Earl of, experiments on lunar heat, 269
Rost, nature of sun-spots, 54
Roszel, mass of asteroids, 287
Rowland, photographic maps of solar spectrum, 210, 440;
elements in run, 213;
concave gratings, 439, 440
Rümker, observation of Encke's comet, 90
Russell, H. C., red spot on Jupiter, 295;
change in Argo nebula, 404;
photographs of Nubeculæ, 425
Russell, H. N., atmosphere of Venus, 254
Rutherfurd, lunar photography, 268;
star spectra, 372;
photographs of the Pleiades, 410;
diffraction gratings, 439
Sabine, magnetic and sun-spot periods, 127, 128, 130
Safarik, secondary light of Venus, 256;
compression of Uranus, 304
Satellites, discoveries, 110, 282, 293;
transits, 291, 292;
variability, 292, 302;
origin, 309, 318
Saturn, low specific gravity, 298;
rotation, 302;
spectrum, 303
Saturn's rings, first disclosure, 85;
dusky ring, 86;
stability, 298, 300;
meteoric constitution, 300;
eventual dispersal, 301
Savary, orbits of double stars, 46
Savélieff, solar radiation, 164, 225
Sawerthal, discovery of a comet, 366
Schaeberle, discovery of Procyon's satellite, 42;
coronal photographs, 187, 188;
theory of corona, 191;
meteoric photography, 339;
discovery of a comet, 355
Schaeberle and Campbell, observations of Jupiter's satellites, 292
Scheiner, Father, nature of sun-spots, 52, 54;
equatoreal instrument, 120 _note_;
solar rotation, 146;
darkening of sun's limb, 221
Schiener, Dr. J., photospheric structure, 165;
spectrographic researches, 384, 405;
spectrum of Andromeda nebula, 403;
stars and nebulæ in Orion, 407
Schiaparelli, rotation of Mercury, 247;
of Venus, 251, 252;
spots on Mars, 275;
snow-cap, 277;
canals, 278-280;
compression of Uranus, 304;
comets and meteors, 327, 331, 332, 338;
anomalous tail of great comet, 364;
Pons's comet, 365;
origin of comets, 370;
measures of double stars, 419
Schmidt, A., circular refraction in sun, 159
Schmidt, J., sun-spot period, 126;
lunar rills, 263;
lunar maps, 265;
disappearance of Linné, 267;
cometary appendages, 363;
new stars, 393
Schönfeld, extension of Bonn Durchmusterung, 412, 414
Schrader, construction of reflectors, 243
Schröter, a follower of Herschel, 5;
motions of sun-spots, 146;
biographical sketch, 243, 244;
observations on Mercury, 244, 246, 247;
on Venus, 250-253, 255;
on the moon, 263;
a lunar city, 265;
Linné, 267;
spots on Mars, 275;
Jovian markings, 290
Schülen, perspective effects in sun-spots, 54
Schuster, photographs of corona, 178, 185;
spectra of oxygen, 214
Schwabe, sun-spot periodicity, 125, 126
Secchi, chromosphere, 70;
Biela's comet, 97;
cyclonic movements in sun-spots, 144;
distribution, 148;
profundity, 154;
nature, 156, 158;
constitution of photosphere, 151;
eclipse observations, 166, 167;
reversing layer, 171;
observations of prominences, 194, 196, 199;
absence of helium absorption, 213;
temperature of the sun, 218;
solar atmospheric absorption, 221;
Martian canals, 279;
spectrum of Uranus, 304;
of Coggia's comet, 343;
stellar spectral researches, 372, 373;
carbon stars, 372, 381;
gaseous stars, 377
See, stellar orbits, 42, 46;
measures of Neptune, 84;
measures of Uranus, 304;
belts of Neptune, 306;
colour of Sirius, 375 _note_;
southern double stars, 419;
evolution of stellar systems, 420
Seeliger, photometry of Saturn's rings, 299;
rationale of new stars, 396
Seidel, stellar photometry, 420
Sherman, spectrum of Nova Andromedæ, 395
Short, reflectors, 4, 109, 115, 121;
chromosphere, 68;
satellite of Venus, 256;
striation of Saturn's rings, 299
Sidereal science, foundation, 9, 442;
condition in 1785, 10;
progress, 50
Sidgreaves, spots and faculæ, 159
Siemens, regenerative theory of the sun, 312
Simony, photographs of ultra-violet spectrum, 215
Sirius, a binary star, 41;
mass, 42;
parallax, 42, 416;
spectrum, 133, 373, 383;
former redness, 375 _note_;
radial movement, 386, 387
Smyth, Admiral, Donati's comet, 324
Smyth, Piazzi, oxygen spectrum, 215;
lunar radiations, 269;
expedition to Teneriffe, 434
Solar constant, 216, 225
Solar spectrum, fixed lines in, 133-135;
maps, 133, 136, 206, 210, 211, 224, 440;
distribution of energy, 222, 223
Solar system, translation through space, 15, 39, 40, 406;
development, 308, 309, 313-316, 322;
complexity, 441
Soret, solar temperature, 218
South, observations of double stars, 45;
12-inch lens, 113;
Rosse reflector, 117;
occultation by Mars, 276
Spectroscopic binaries, 387-391
Spectrum analysis, defined, 130;
first experiments, 131, 132;
applied to the sun, 133-135, 156;
to the stars, 133, 372, 373;
Kirchhoff's theorem, 135;
elementary principles, 139, 140;
effects on science, 141, 142;
radial motion determined by, 201, 386;
investigations of comets by, 342, 343;
of new stars, 393, 399;
of nebulæ, 401-403
Spencer, position of nebulæ, 422
Spitaler, attendants on Brooks's comet, 366
Spitta, transits of Jupiter's satellites, 292
Spörer, solar rotation, 148, 149;
chromosphere, 199, 200
Stannyan, early notice of chromosphere, 68
Star catalogues, 28, 31, 32, 60, 414, 415;
spectroscopic, 381, 385, 386;
photographic, 412-414;
photometric, 420, 421
Star-drift, 426
Star-gauging, 13, 19, 47
Star-maps, 77, 78, 81, 284, 413, 415;
photographic, 413, 414
Stars, movements, 9, 10, 35, 39, 415, 426;
radial, 386, 387, 406;
comparative brightness, 13, 49, 50, 420, 421;
distances, 35-37, 416-418;
chemistry, 372, 381, 382;
spectroscopic orders, 373;
colours, 374;
development, 375-377;
actual magnitudes, 422;
gregarious, 426
Stars, double, physical connection surmised, 17;
proved, 18, 442;
masses, 38, 42;
catalogues, 43, 45, 47, 50, 418, 419;
orbits, 46, 418;
discoveries, 43, 46, 47, 418, 419, 435;
photographs, 409;
evolution, 420
Stars, gaseous, 377-380
Stars, temporary, 24, 392-401
Stars, variable, early discoveries, 9;
Eta Carinæ, 48, 49, 379;
sun-spot analogy, 128, 392;
spectra, 379;
Algol class, 390, 391;
catalogues, 391, 392
Stefan, law of cooling, 219
Steinheil, stellar photometry, 420;
silvered glass reflectors, 429
Stewart, Balfour, Kirchhoff's principle, 135 _note_;
solar investigations, 154, 155
Stewart, Matthew, solar distance by lunar theory, 230
Stokes, prevision of spectrum analysis, 138
Stone, E. J., reversal of Fraunhofer spectrum, 172;
distance of the sun, 231, 232, 236;
transit of Venus, 240;
Cape catalogue, 415;
proper motions, 426
Stone, O., star catalogues, 415;
measures of double stars, 419
Stoney, carbon in photosphere, 152;
dynamical theory of planetary atmospheres, 288;
perturbations of Leonids, 338;
status of red stars, 375
Stratonoff, star counts in Pleiades, 411
Stroobant, satellite of Venus, 256
Struve, F. G. W., stellar parallax, 35;
career and investigations, 43-45;
occultation by Halley's comet, 106;
Russo-Scandinavian arc, 261, 262
Struve, Ludwig, solar translation, 40
Struve, Otto, parallax of Eta Cassiopeiæ, 38;
solar velocity, 40;
his father's successor at Pulkowa, 45;
eclipse of 1842, 62, 64;
Neptune's satellite, 84;
research on Saturn's rings, 300, 301;
variable nebula, 403
Stumpe, solar translation, 40
Sun, Herschel's theory, 54-57, 70, 149;
atmospheric circulation, 58, 59;
chemical composition, 135, 211-213;
mode of rotation, 146, 147;
Kirchhoff's theory, 149;
Faye's, 150-152;
convection currents in, 150, 152, 165;
dissociation, 152, 206-210;
luminous outbursts, 159-161;
explosions, 205;
heat emission, 216, 217, 221, 222, 225, 226;
temperature, 217-220, 226;
problem of distance, 227;
results from transits, 230, 232, 236, 240;
from oppositions of Mars, 231, 237;
from light-velocity, 232, 241;
from measurements of minor planets, 238;
concluded value, 242;
maintenance of heat supply, 310-313;
past and future duration, 312
Sun-spots, speculations regarding, 52, 53;
Wilson's demonstration, 53, 154;
distribution, 53, 58, 148;
cyclonic aspect, 58, 144, 157, 158;
periodicity, 126, 128, 162, 163;
magnetic relations, 127, 160, 161;
meteorological, 129, 164;
auroral, 129, 130, 160, 162;
photographs, 145, 154;
level, 155;
spectra, 156, 207, 208;
volcanic hypothesis, 158;
Lockyer's rationale, 159;
planetary influence, 163;
relation to Jovian markings, 297
Swan, chromosphere, 70;
sodium line, 132
Swift, E., discovery of a comet, 368
Swift, L., fallacious glimpse of Vulcan, 181, 250;
discovery of a comet, 368
Tacchini, eclipse of 1883, 181;
white prominences, 184;
prominences and chromosphere, 199, 200;
spectrum of Venus, 254
Talbot, Fox, spectrum analysis, 131;
spectroscopic method of determining stellar orbits, 387
Tarde, nature of sun-spots, 52
Taylor, eclipse expedition, 187;
spectrum of Uranus, 305;
achromatic lenses, 431
Tebbutt, comets discovered by, 326, 352;
comet of 1882, 359
Telescopes, achromatic, 112, 431, 432
Telescopes, equatoreal, 84, 120, 121
Telescopes, reflecting, Short's, 4, 109, 115, 121;
Herschel's, 12, 109-111;
Lassell's, 83, 114, 121;
varieties of construction, 109, 110;
Rosse's, 115-119, 434;
Common's, 407, 412, 429
Telescopes, refracting, Fraunhofer's, 34, 35, 121;
Clark's, 114, 429, 430, 433, 436;
Grubb's, 430, 433;
with bent and horizontal mountings, 436-438
Tempel, red spot on Jupiter, 294;
comet discoveries, 327;
cometary observations, 352, 362;
Andromeda nebula, 394;
discovery of Merope nebula, 410
Temperature, of the sun, 217-220, 226;
of the moon, 269, 270;
of space, 270;
on Mars, 277
Tennant, eclipse observations, 168, 169, 174
Terby, surface of Mars, 278, 279, 281;
secondary tail of comet, 355
Thalén, basic lines, 207;
map of solar spectrum, 210;
solar elements, 212
Thollon, line-displacements by motion, 202, 364;
atlas of solar spectrum, 211, 440;
lunar atmospheric absorption, 264
Thome, comet discovered by, 361
Thomson, Sir William (Lord Kelvin), solar chemistry, 138;
magnetic influence of the sun, 161;
tidal strains, 257;
rotation of the earth, 273;
dynamical theory of solar heat, 311, 312
Thraen, period of Wells's comet, 357
Tidal friction, effects on moon's rotation, 271, 272, 318;
month lengthened by, 316, 318;
influence on planets, 319-322;
on development of binary systems, 420
Tietjen, asteroidal orbits, 284
Tisserand, capture of comets, 98;
lunar acceleration, 273;
revolutions of Neptune's satellite, 305;
stationary radiants, 341;
perturbations of Algol, 391;
director of Paris Observatory, 414
Titius, law of planetary intervals, 71, 72, 85
Todd, eclipse of 1887, 185;
solar distance, 236, 241;
trans-Neptunian planet, 306
Tornaghi, halo round Venus, 254
Transit instrument, 120
Trépied, reversal of Fraunhofer spectrum, 172
Troughton, method of graduation, 122
Trouvelot, veiled spots, 148;
chromosphere in 1878, 175;
intra-Mercurian planets, 181, 250;
observations of prominences, 184, 196, 204;
of Mercury, 245, 247;
rotation of Venus, 252;
red spot on Jupiter, 296
Trowbridge and Hutchins, carbon in sun, 212
Tschermak, origin of meteorites, 339
Tupman, transit expedition, 235;
results, 236
Turner, polariscopic coronal photography, 189;
employment of coelostat, 190, 438;
stationary radiants, 341
Ulloa, eclipse of 1778, 69
United States, observatories founded in, 6, 7
Uranus, discovery, 5, 74, 111;
unexplained disturbances, 78, 79, 307;
satellites, 87, 303;
equatoreal markings, 303, 304;
spectrum, 304, 305;
retrograde rotation, 313, 315, 322
Valerius, darkening of sun's limb, 221
Vassenius, description of prominences, 68
Venus, transits, 4, 229, 232;
of 1874, 233-236;
of 1882, 239, 240;
atmosphere, 236, 253, 254;
mountains, 252, 253;
spectrum, 254;
albedo, 255;
ashen light, 255, 256;
pseudo-satellite, 256;
effects upon, of solar tidal friction, 320
Very, temperature of sun, 220;
lunar heat, 270
Vesta, discovery, 75, 76;
diameter, 287;
spectrum, 288
Vicaire, solar temperature, 218
Vico, comet discovered by, 97;
rotation
of Venus, 251;
Cytherean mountain, 253
Violle, solar temperature, 218, 219;
solar constant, 225
Vogel, H. C., solar rotation, 202;
solar atmospheric absorption, 222, 224;
spectrum of Mercury, 245;
of Venus, 255;
of Vesta, 288;
of Jupiter, 290;
of Jupiter's satellites, 293;
of Uranus, 304;
rotation of Venus, 252;
ashen light, 256;
intrinsic light of Jupiter, 291;
cometary spectra, 342, 343, 355, 357;
carbon in stars, 374;
stellar development, 375, 376;
spectrum of Gamma Cassiopeiæ, 378;
of Nova Cygni, 393;
of Nova Andromedæ, 395;
spectroscopic star catalogue, 381;
radial motion of Sirius, 386;
period of Mizar, 388;
eclipses of Algol, 390;
components of Nova Aurigæ, 397;
spectrographic determinations of radial motion, 405, 406
Vogel, H. W., spectrum of hydrogen, 206 _note_, 383
Vulcan, existence predicted, 248;
pseudo-discoveries, 249, 250
Wadsworth, coronal photography, 189
Ward, Nova Andromedæ, 394
Waterston, solar temperature, 218;
meteoric infalls, 311
Watson, fallacious observations of Vulcan, 181, 250;
asteroidal discoveries, 284
Webb, comet of 1861, 326
Weber, Baily's Beads, 62;
illusory transit of Vulcan, 249
Weinek, study of lunar photographs, 268
Weiss, comets and meteors, 332, 334
Wells, comet discovered by, 356
Wesley, drawings of corona, 175
Wheatstone, spectrum of electric arc, 132;
method of ascertaining light-velocity, 232
Whewell, stars and nebulæ, 422
Williams, A. Stanley, canals of Mars, 279;
markings on Jupiter, 295, 297; rotation, 296;
Nova Persei, 400
Wilsing, solar rotation from faculæ, 155;
density of the earth, 261;
system of, 61 Cygni, 419
Wilson, Alexander, perspective effects in sun-spots, 53, 154
Wilson, H. C., red spot on Jupiter, 295;
compression of Uranus, 304;
exterior nebulosities of Pleiades, 411
Wilson, W. E., solar temperature, 220, 222;
ultra-Neptunian planets, 306
Winnecke, comet discovered by, 94;
distance of the sun, 231;
Donati's comet, 324, 347
Wisniewski, last glimpse of 1811 comet, 99
Witt, discovery of Eros, 284
Wolf, C., objections to Faye's cosmogony, 315;
origin of Phobos, 321
Wolf, Max, photographic discoveries of minor planets, 283, 284;
Nova Andromedæ, 394;
Nova Aurigæ, 396;
nebula near Nova Persei, 401;
photographic nebular survey, 412;
galactic nebulosity, 425
Wolf, R., sun-spot and magnetic periodicity, 128, 162, 163;
analogy of variable stars, 128, 392;
auroræ, 129;
suspicious transits, 249
Wollaston, ratio of moonlight to sunlight, 49;
flame spectra, 131;
lines in solar spectrum, 133
Woods, coronal photography, 179, 180;
Cape Durchmusterung, 412
Wrangel, auroræ and meteors, 335
Wright, G. F., Ice Age in North America, 260
Wright, Thomas, theory of Milky Way, 14;
structure of Saturn's rings, 299
Wright, W. H., polarisation of cometary light, 355;
spectrum of nebulæ, 400
Yerkes, donation of a telescope, 433
Young, Miss Anne, nebular hypothesis, 314
Young, C. A., spectrum of sun-spots, 156;
origin, 158;
spectrum of corona, 170, 177;
detection of reversing layer, 171, 172;
prominences and chromosphere, 194-196, 200;
photograph of a prominence, 197;
spectroscopic measurement of sun's rotation, 202;
solar cyclones and explosions, 204, 205;
basic lines, 207;
spectrum of Venus, 254;
red spot on Jupiter, 294;
observations of Uranus, 303, 304;
Andromedes of 1892, 337;
spectrum of Tebbutt's comet, 355;
of Nova Andromedæ, 395
Young, Thomas, absorption spectra, 136
Zach, Baron von, promotion of astronomy, 5, 6, 28;
Baily's Beads, 62;
search for missing planet, 72;
rediscovery of Ceres, 74;
use of a heliostat, 120
Zantedeschi, lines in solar spectrum, 134;
lunar radiation, 269
Zenger, observations on Venus, 253, 255
Zenker, cometary tails, 348
Zezioli, observation of Andromedes, 334
Zodiacal light, relation to medium of space, 94;
to solar corona, 176;
meteoric constitution, 310
Zöllner, electrical theory of comets, 99, 344, 346, 347;
solar constitution, 158;
observations of prominences, 194, 196;
reversion spectroscope, 202;
solar temperature, 220;
Mercurian phases, 245;
albedo of Venus, 255;
of Jupiter, 290;
of Saturn, 303;
of Uranus, 304;
condition of Venus, 256;
of great planets, 289;
Jovian markings, 297;
ages of stars, 375;
polarising photometer, 420, 421
THE END
BILLING AND SONS, LTD., PRINTERS, GUILDFORD
THE SYSTEM OF
THE STARS
BY
AGNES M. CLERKE
Hon. Member of the Royal Astronomical Society; Author of "History of
Astronomy During the Nineteenth Century" and "Problems in Astrophysics"
_SECOND EDITION_
_Demy 8vo. Cloth. With many Illustrations. *Price 20s. net.*_
(Post Free, Price *20s. 5d.*)
FROM THE PREFACE
Fifteen years have elapsed since the original publication of the present
work; and fifteen years count as a long spell of time where sidereal
research is in question. In preparing the Second Edition, accordingly, I
have introduced extensive modifications. Considerable sections of the
book have been recast, and all have been thoroughly revised. New
chapters have been inserted, old ones have been in large part
suppressed. Drastic measures of reform have, in short, been adopted,
with results that certainly import progress and (it is hoped) constitute
improvements. Most of the illustrations are entirely new; and I am under
great obligations for the use of valuable photographs and drawings,
among others, to Sir. David Gill, F.R.S., to Professor Hale and the
University Press of Chicago, to the Rev. W. Sidgreaves, S.J., to
Professors E. C. Pickering, Campbell, Barnard, and Frost, and to Dr. Max
Wolf of Heidelberg.
"The work was admirable from the first, imparting the best
knowledge of a decade and a half ago; now it retains its high
quality by incorporating the newer knowledge."--_The Guardian_.
"It has the remarkable feature of combining extraordinary profusion
of precise information with an elegance of literary style quite
unusual in scientific authors."--_The Academy_.
PUBLISHED BY
ADAM & CHARLES BLACK . SOHO SQUARE . LONDON
BY THE SAME AUTHOR
PROBLEMS IN ASTROPHYSICS
Demy 8vo. 560 pages. Cloth.
Containing 50 Illustrations in the Text and 31 Plates
Price 20s. net
(Post free, price 20s. 6d.)
NOTE
"This is emphatically a "new century" book. It aims at stimulating
progress along lines carefully marked out as immediately practicable.
The same author's "History of Astronomy" is a survey of the past;
"Problems in Astrophysics" looks to the future. What we already know is
regarded in it as means to the end of augmenting knowledge. Astrophysics
is a science still at the outset of a magnificent career. Its ways are
beset with claimants for its attention. There is often much difficulty
in choosing between them, yet rapidity of progress depends upon prudence
in selection. Many hints for its guidance are accordingly offered in the
present work, which deals, so far as possible, with answerable
questions. It should, then, find its way into the hands of every
astronomer who desires to keep up with the drift of thought, and to be
informed of the prospects of work and discovery in the various
departments of research connected with the physics of the heavenly
bodies."
*SOME PRESS OPINIONS*
"The book shows every sign of profound and careful study, and the sense
of scientific imagination, which is one of the greatest means of
independent discovery."--_St. James's Gazette._
"The book is written with all the charm that has characterised the
authoress's previous volumes, and contains a wealth of information and
suggestion for work yet to be accomplished which will appeal to all who
are interested in the problems of the universe."--_Daily Telegraph._
"We feel that Miss Clerke has earned, and will surely receive, the
admiration and gratitude of astronomers for this new proof of her
devotion to their science."--_The Times._
MODERN COSMOGONIES
Crown 8vo. Bound in Cloth.
Price 3s. 6d. net
(Post free, price 3s. 10d.)
NOTE
This volume contains a series of brief and attractive studies on current
theories regarding the origin and history of the visible universe. The
difficulties besetting cosmical doctrines of evolution are pointed out
in them, and the expedients are described by which those difficulties
have been met, though not wholly overcome. The widened possibilities
connected with the new science of radiology, the unification of the
physical forces that may ensue upon further discoveries concerning
electrical action, the function in the world of the impalpable ether,
the nature of gravity, are in turn discussed or adverted to; while the
final chapter takes into consideration the crowning problem of life.
"These sixteen chapters are short studies on modern theories about the
origin and mystery of the universe, by an astronomer whose writings have
done much to help and popularise that science."--_The Times._
PUBLISHED BY
ADAM & CHARLES BLACK . SOHO SQUARE . LONDON
* * * * *
Transcriber's notes:
Original
page line Original text left as is (sic)
--- ---------- --------------------------------------------------
072 13 The search for it, through confessedly scarcely
196 24 The first description are tranquil
page line Original text Replaced with
--- ---------- ----------------------- ---------------------------
003 footnote 1 xviiie xviii^e
(the e is superscript)
009 11 byeways byways
024 46 concentation concentration
043 37 Is appears from It appears from
062 37 appearances seem by him appearances seen by him
072 42 Ecole Militaire École Militaire
082 3 forgotton forgotten
092 footnote 1 11/9647000 1/9647000 (confirmed by
looking up reference quoted)
093 7 phenenoma phenomena
100 17 Bredikhin Brédikhine
131 13 identifiying identifying
140 40 terrestial terrestrial
143 25 appearence appearance
149 27 bloodvessel blood vessel
152 12 Angström Ångström
169 3 undimished undiminished
171 42 sympton symptom
172 18 familar familiar
173 42 photograpic photographic
182 37 by which i structure by which its structure
199 37 Bredikhine Brédikhine
220 26 stata strata
246 30-31 of its orbit 24 hours of its orbit in 24 hours
53 seconds. 53 seconds
260 13 garden at its seasons garden as its seasons
284 21 throngh through
284 13 oparator operator
376 42 recognised. in a recognised in a
377 footnote 3 applie applied
395 42 the gaseous fields o the gaseous fields of
423 35 relatiouship relationship
434 footnote 2 Optice Optics
436 42 ofter some years after some years
436 footnote 1 (two references given, (split into two footnotes,
within a single footnote. and corrected references
In the text footnote 1 in the text)
used twice)
450 27 1862 Conclusion of a 1872 Conclusion of a
454 40 spectographically spectrographically
454 18 spectographic spectrographic
456 4 Lyrae Lyræ
488 index Wolf, R., sun-spot and Wolf, R., sun-spot and
magnetic periodicity, magnetic periodicity,
128, 164, 162; 128, 162, 163;