water. Dissolve the alum in the hot water. Then stir the batter into
the boiling water, and if necessary, continue boiling until the paste
thickens into a semi-transparent mucilage, after which stir in the alum
solution. This makes a very fine paste for wall-paper.
_Strong adhesive paste._ Rye flour 2 lbs., cold water 1 quart, boiling
water 3 quarts, pulverized rosin 1 oz.
Make the flour into a batter with the cold water, free from lumps, and
pour into the boiling water. Boil, if necessary, and while hot stir in
the pulverized rosin, a little at a time. This paste is very strong,
and will fasten heavy wall-paper or thin leather. If too thick, thin
with hot water. Never thin paste with cold water.
_Paste that will not sour._ Allow 4 parts by weight of glue to soften
in 15 parts of cold water for some hours, and then heat moderately
till the solution becomes quite clear; then add, while stirring, 65
parts of boiling water. In another vessel stir up 30 parts of starch
paste with 20 parts of cold water, so that a thin, milky fluid without
lumps is obtained. Into this pour the boiling glue solution, stirring
constantly, and keep the whole at the boiling temperature. After
cooling, add 5 to 10 drops of carbolic acid to the paste. Preserve the
paste in closed bottles to prevent evaporation of the water. It will
thus keep good for years.
_Venetian paste._ White or fish glue 4 ozs., cold water ½ pint, Venice
turpentine 2 fluid ozs., rye flour 1 lb., cold water 1 pint, boiling
water 2 quarts.
Soak the 4 ozs. of glue in the cold water for 4 hours. Dissolve over
a water-bath, and while hot stir in the Venice turpentine. Make up
the rye flour into a batter free from lumps with the pint of water,
and pour the latter into the boiling water. Stir briskly, and finally
add the glue solution. This makes a very strong paste, and it will
adhere to a painted surface, owing to the Venice turpentine in its
composition.
_Label paste._ A good paste for attaching labels to bottles may be made
by soaking glue in strong vinegar, then heat to boiling and add flour.
This is very adhesive, and will not decompose when kept in wide-mouthed
bottles.
_Elastic or pliable paste._ Starch 4 ozs., white dextrine 2 ozs., cold
water 10 fluid ozs., borax 1 oz., glycerine 3 fluid ozs., boiling water
2 quarts.
Beat the starch and dextrine into paste with the cold water. Dissolve
the borax in the boiling water, then add the glycerine, and pour
the starch and dextrine mixture into the borax solution. Stir until
it becomes translucent. This paste will not crack, and, being very
pliable, is suitable for paper, cloth, leather and other material where
flexibility is required.
_Mucilage for labels._ Macerate 5 parts of good glue in 20 parts of
water for 24 hours, and to the liquid add 9 parts of rock candy, and
3 parts of gum arabic. The mixture may be brushed upon paper while
lukewarm. It keeps well, does not stick together and adheres firmly to
bottles.
_Mucilage._ A strong aqueous solution of dextrine forms a most adhesive
and cheap mucilage. Dilute alcohol is usually employed as the solvent
where the mucilage is to be used for gumming envelopes, postage stamps,
etc., and in order to facilitate the drying, acetic acid is added to
increase the mobility of the fluid. The strong aqueous solution is
more adhesive than that prepared with alcohol, for the reason that it
contains a greater proportion of dextrine.
To prepare this add an excess of dextrine to boiling water, stir for
a minute or two, allow to cool and settle, and strain the liquid
through a cloth. The addition of a little powdered sugar increases the
glossiness of the dried gum. The sugar should be dissolved in the water
before the dextrine is added.
_According to another formula_, dextrine is mixed with hot water until
a syrupy liquid is obtained. Then add a few drops of oil of cloves, and
cool for use.
_Another formula is as follows_: Dextrine 120 parts, powdered alum 6,
sugar 30, carbolic acid 1, water 300. Mix gradually the dextrine, alum
and sugar with the water, boil to effect solution, and when cold, add
the carbolic acid.
The solubility of dextrine may be enhanced by the addition of a calcium
salt readily soluble in water, the resulting mixture dissolving with
ease in cold water. Calcium nitrate has proved especially suitable for
the purpose. By pouring 1 quart of water over a mixture of 18 ozs. of
dextrine and 7 ozs. of calcium nitrate, a mass of great adhesive power
is immediately obtained.
_Mucilage for postage stamps._ Dextrine 2 parts, acetic acid 1, water
5, alcohol 1. Mix all together.
_Caseine mucilage._ Take the curd of skim milk, wash it thoroughly, and
dissolve it to saturation in a cold concentrated solution of borax.
_Tragacanth mucilage._ Powdered tragacanth 2 drachms, glycerine 12
drachms, water enough to make 20 ozs.
Put the tragacanth in a mortar with the glycerine, and then add the
water. This will produce at once a mucilage of excellent quality.
_Adhesive paste._ Steep 4 ozs. of ordinary gelatine in 16 ozs. of water
until it becomes soft, then dissolve it by the heat of a water bath,
and while still hot pour into a mixture of 2 lbs. of good flour paste
and 1 part of water. Heat the whole to boiling and when thickened
remove from the fire. While cooling add 6 drachms of silicate of soda
and stir the mixture with a wooden spatula. This preparation will keep
good for an indefinite period, and is very adhesive. The addition of 2
drachms of oil of cloves is an improvement.
_Fluid pastes._ I. Gum arabic 10 lbs., sugar 2 lbs., nitric acid 1¾
ozs., water as required.
Dissolve the gum and sugar in the water, then add the acid and heat to
the boiling-point. The resulting paste is liquid, does not mould, and
dries to a transparent layer upon paper. It is especially suitable for
flaps of envelopes, fine bookbinders’ work, etc.
II. Potato starch 10 lbs., water 5 quarts, nitric acid 8 ozs.
Mix the acid and water and pour it on the starch in an earthenware
basin, put the latter in a warm place, and allow it to remain 24 hours,
with occasional stirring. Then boil it until it becomes thickly-fluid
and very transparent. If necessary it should be diluted with water and
filtered through a cloth.
_Sugar and lime paste._ Dissolve 12 parts of white sugar in 36 of
water. Heat the solution to the boiling-point and add 3 parts of slaked
lime. Allow the liquid to stand in a covered vessel for several days,
stirring frequently and, when settled, pour off the supernatant thick
fluid from the excess of lime.
The paste thus obtained has all the properties of gum arabic solution
and dries to a lustrous mass.
_Liquid sugar and lime paste._ Allow 3 parts of glue to swell in 10 to
15 parts of the foregoing paste. Heat the mixture to the boiling-point.
The paste thus obtained does not congeal on cooling and possesses
considerable adhesive power.
By reason of its caustic properties, due to the content of lime, this
paste should not be used for pasting colored materials.
_Pastes for paper and fine fancy articles._ I. Dissolve, with the
assistance of heat, 100 parts of gilder’s glue in 200 of water, and add
a solution of 2 parts of bleached shellac in 10 of alcohol.
II. Dissolve, with the assistance of heat, 50 parts of dextrine in 50
of water, stir solutions 1 and 2 together, strain through a cloth into
a flat prismatic mould, and allow it to congeal. For use, melt a piece
of corresponding size, and dilute the liquid, if necessary, with water.
_Albumen paste._ This is a misnomer, as it contains no albumen. It is
partly decayed gluten from flour, washed with water and then heated to
60° or 68° F., when it ferments and becomes partly fluid. It is then
dried at 77° to 86° F., and is claimed to keep any length of time in a
dry place. Dissolved in twice its weight of water it can be used as a
paste for all purposes.
_Glycerine paste._ Dissolve 2 ozs. of gum arabic and 4 drachms of
glycerine in 6 ozs. of boiling water. This is a good paste for office
use.
_Paste for fixing labels on machines._ Make a paste of rye flour and
glue and add to every pound thereof ½ oz. each of boiled linseed oil
and turpentine. This paste resists damp and thus prevents printed
labels from falling off metallic surfaces.
_Paste for mounting maps._ Stiff rye flour paste is best for this
purpose.
_Paste for fastening paper on tin-foil._ Make a paste by dissolving rye
flour in solution of caustic soda; dilute with water, stirring all the
time. Add to this paste a few drops of Venice turpentine for each ½ lb.
of flour.
_Paste for paper bags._ Add to 3 parts of starch 24 to 30 parts of cold
water. Stir together to a homogeneous mass of about the thickness of
syrup. Pour over this, stirring constantly, boiling water until the
paste is of the required consistency. Stir until nearly cold. Take a
portion of the paste and add to it 6 to 15 per cent. liquefied Venice
turpentine; rub together until a kind of emulsion is formed, then mix
the whole together and work thoroughly.
_Caseine mucilage for photographer’s use._ Separate the caseine from
milk by means of a little tartaric acid, and treat the caseine while
still warm with a solution of 6 parts of borax to 100 parts water,
and warm gently while stirring which will cause the caseine to be
dissolved. Of the borax solution enough should be used to leave only a
little undissolved caseine behind.
_Paste for scrap-books._ Rice starch 1 oz., gelatine 3 drachms, water ½
pint.
Heat, stirring constantly, until the milky fluid becomes thick and
gluey. When the paste is nearly thick put in a bottle closely corked.
It is well to add a few drops of oil of cloves to each bottle.
_Paste for skins._ Pour enough boiling water over 1 lb. of rye flour in
a basin to make a stiff paste, almost as stiff as ordinary dough for
puddings. Stir and beat up well with a stick for three or four minutes,
then cover up and let it stand for two days before using, when it will
be much softer and stick better. Spread thinly and evenly on the back
of the skin with a stiff brush or pad. It will stick firmly and not
crack.
_Strong mucilage_ capable of fastening wood or china and glass together
is made of 3½ ozs. of strong gum arabic solution, to which a solution
of 30 grains of sulphate of aluminium dissolved in ⅔ oz. of water is
added.
_Dextrine mucilage._ I. Dissolve with the assistance of heat 60 parts
of borax in 420 parts of water, add 480 parts of pale yellow dextrine
and 50 parts of glucose, and heat carefully, stirring constantly until
solution is complete, replacing the water lost by evaporation. Strain
through flannel.
The resulting mucilage is quite clear, has great adhesive power, and
dries very quickly. In heating the mixture, great care should be
exercised not to exceed a temperature of 194° F. and not to heat too
long, otherwise the product readily becomes brown and brittle.
II. Dextrine 120 parts, powdered alum 6, sugar 30, carbolic acid 1,
distilled water 300. Gradually mix the dextrine, alum and sugar with
the water, effect solution by boiling and when the solution is cold,
add the carbolic acid.
_Paste for joining leather to pasteboard._ Dissolve 50 parts of strong
glue with a little water at a gentle heat, then add a small quantity of
Venice turpentine, and next a thick paste made with 100 parts of starch
in water. Apply quickly when cold.
_Another formula_ for a similar paste is as follows: Rye whisky 2
pints, water 1 pint, powdered starch 4¼ ozs., good glue 1¼ ozs., Venice
turpentine 1¼ ozs. Mix the whisky and water together, then stir in the
starch and make a thick paste. Separately dissolve the glue in an equal
weight of water, and mix the Venice turpentine therein, mix thoroughly,
and then compound this mixture with the thick paste by constantly
stirring until all is well incorporated.
_Paste for attaching labels to polished nickel._ Dissolve 400 parts by
weight of dextrine in 600 parts of water, and add 20 parts of glycerine
and 10 parts of glucose. Heat the mixture to 194° F.
_Another formula_ is as follows: Mix 400 parts by weight of dextrine
with water, and add 200 parts of water together with 20 parts of
glucose and 10 parts of aluminium sulphate.
_Mucilage for attaching labels to tin._ I. Shellac 8 parts, borax 4
parts, water 60 parts. Boil until the shellac is dissolved.
II. To 2 parts of dammar varnish add 8 parts of tragacanth mucilage.
III. An excellent mucilage for the purpose consists of starch paste to
which a small quantity of Venice turpentine has been added.
IV. Make a paste of corrosive sublimate 2½ parts, wheat flour 200,
absinthe 100, tansy 50, water 3000. This mucilage is useful for vessels
kept in a damp place.
_Mucilage for office use._ Gum arabic 100 parts, aluminium sulphate
6 parts, glycerine 10, dilute acetic acid 20, distilled water 140.
Dissolve, in a wide-mouthed glass bottle, the gum arabic in cold
distilled water, stirring frequently. Let the solution stand 2 or 3
days, then add the glycerine, later on the dilute acetic acid and
finally the aluminium sulphate. Strain through a hair sieve, allow to
clarify, and decant from the sediment.
_Glycerine paste for office use._ Dissolve 4 ozs. of gum arabic and 8
drachms of glycerine in 12 ozs. of boiling water.
_Clean and durable paste._ Dissolve 5 ozs. of gum arabic in 4 quarts
of warm water, and thicken to a paste with wheat flour. Then add a
solution of alum and sugar of lead, 3 ozs. of each in water. Heat the
mixture and stir it until it is about to boil, and then cool it. If too
thick, add gum solution.
_Banknote or mouth glue._ Dissolve by the aid of heat a fine quality
of glue or gelatine with about a quarter or one-third of its weight of
brown sugar, in as small a quantity of water as possible. Then when
perfectly liquid cast the mixture into thin cakes on a flat surface
very slightly oiled, and when cold cut up into pieces of convenient
size. When required for use moisten one end. A piece of this glue kept
in the desk will be found very convenient for many purposes.
_Paste for cardboard._ Dissolve 3½ ozs. of best French glue in 6½ ozs.
of water by soaking and heating. Then add a solution of ½ drachm of
shellac in 3½ drachms of alcohol and stir as long as the solution is
warm. Next dissolve 2 drachms of dextrine in 1¾ ozs. of alcohol and
14 drachms of water, stir, and place the vessel in warm water until
solution is complete. Mix this solution with that of the glue, and pour
the whole into a suitable vessel, in which it may solidify. When wanted
for use cut off a small piece and liquefy it by warming.
_Paste for attaching cloth or leather to table tops._ Wheat flour 1
lb., powdered rosin 2 tablespoonfuls, powdered alum 1 tablespoonful.
Heat and stir to a stiff consistency.
_Caseine mucilage._ Separate the caseine from milk with a little
tartaric acid, and treat the caseine while still warm with a solution
of 6 parts borax to 100 parts water and warm gently while stirring,
which will cause the caseine to be dissolved. Of the borax solution
enough should be used to leave only a little undissolved caseine behind.
_Very adhesive paste which may be used for wood and parchment._ Gum
arabic 60 parts, fine wheat starch 45, sugar 15. Dissolve the gum in
as much water as is required for boiling the quantity of paste to be
made. Then add the starch and sugar and boil it in a vessel suspended
in boiling water until the mixture is clear and has the consistency of
liquid tar. Keep in a well-closed vessel protected from mould by the
addition of a few drops of oil of cloves.
_Paste for pads._ Glue 4 parts by weight, glycerine 2, linseed oil ½,
sugar 4, aniline dye sufficient to color. Soften the glue by soaking in
cold water, then dissolve together with the sugar in the glycerine by
the aid of heat over the water-bath, then add the dye and stir in the
oil. Use the paste hot.
_Paste for fastening paper on tin-foil._ Make a paste by dissolving
rye flour in a solution of caustic soda; dilute with water, stirring
constantly. Add to this paste a few drops of Venice turpentine for each
½ lb. flour used. This paste adheres to all kinds of metal, tin-foil,
glass, etc.
_Paste for attaching labels to glass, porcelain, and metal._ Gum
arabic 15 parts, pulverized tragacanth 7½, glycerin 45, thymol 0.3,
alcohol 3¾, water 120. Dissolve the gum arabic in 15 parts of water and
triturate the tragacanth with 30 parts of water. Mix the two fluids and
strain. Then add the glycerine and finally the thymol dissolved in the
alcohol.
_Preparation of arabol-gum._ Mix intimately 44 lbs. of wheat starch
with 176 lbs. of water. Bring the mass into a water-bath, mix it with
a solution of 4.4 lbs. of oxalic acid in 44 lbs. of water and heat
for four hours at 194° F., stirring frequently. The conversion of the
starch is as a rule effected during this time, but should such not be
the case, continue heating, constantly replacing the evaporated water,
until the mass is clear and liquid. While still hot, neutralize the
mass with marble dust, allow to settle, filter, and evaporate the clear
solution in a water-bath to a solid gum containing about 15 per cent.
of water.
_Preparation of an adhesive substance from desaccharized beet-root
slices_ (German patent 96316 f. G. Eichelbaum). The insoluble
metarabin contained in the slices is converted into soluble arabin by
treating the slices under pressure with hot aqueous sulphurous acid or
with aqueous solutions of the bisulphites of the alkalies or alkaline
earths.
According to a later patent (German patent 121422 f. Fabrik
Bettenhausen Marquart and Schulz), the insoluble metarabin is converted
into soluble arabin by heating the desaccharized beet-root slices with
phosphoric acid and water. According to a supplement to this patent
(122048), conversion is effected by heating the slices with aqueous
solutions of organic acids and phenols, or the acid salts of oxalic,
tartaric or phosphoric acids.
INDEX.
Acid calcium phosphate, 120
—— —— —— crystallization of, 125, 126
—— —— —— formation of, 121-124
—— sodium sulphate, use of, in drying glue, 72, 73
Acidity, determination of, in glue, 205, 206
Acids, dilute, effect of, on glue solution, 7
Adamson, Wm., method of, for removing hydrocarbons from substances
which have been treated therewith, 84-86
—— —— method of, for treating substances with hydro carbon vapor for
the purpose of extracting oils, fats, etc., 79-82
—— —— method of, for treating substances with liquid hydrocarbons for
the purpose of extracting oils, fats, etc., 82-84
—— —— and Simonis, Chas. F. A., apparatus of, for extracting bones
with benzine, 76-79
Adhesive paste, 264
Adulterations of glue, determination of, 214, 215
Agar-Agar, 12, 201, 202
Air-bladders, 16, 41
—— bleaching glue in the, 141
—— drying the cakes of glue in the, 64
Alabaster, 244
—— cement for, 242
Albumen paste, 265, 266
—— —— use of, for clarifying glue liquor, 54
Alum cement, 228
—— —— effect of, on glue solution, 7
—— —— use of, for clarifying glue liquor, 54
—— —— —— —— preserving paste, 257
Amber, resinous cement for, 229
American cement for jewelers, 252
American glue, analysis of, 207
Ammonium sulphate, use of, in drying glue, 72, 73
Animal charcoal, bleaching glue with, 142
—— —— bones for the manufacture of, 107
—— —— carbonization of bones for, 108-112
—— —— decolorizing glue liquor with, 55
—— —— manufacture of, 112, 113
—— —— yield of, 113
—— skin, constitution of, 17, 18
Antiseptics for the preservation of glue-stock, 30
Arabin, conversion of metarabin into, 271
Arabol-gum, preparation of, 270
Ash, burning bones to, 117-119
Bacteriology, use of gelatine in, 194
Banknote glue, 269
Barium chloride, effect of, on glue solution, 7
Basic calcium phosphate, 120
Beet-root slices, desaccharized, preparation of an adhesive
substance from, 270, 271
Belgian retort-furnace for the carbonization of bones, 109-112
Benzine, extracting fat from bones with, 76-92
Billiard balls, compound for, 155, 156
Bleaching glue, methods of, 141-145
—— —— stock, 55, 56
Blood, fresh, use of, for clarifying glue liquor, 54
Blumenthal’s method of preparing dextrine, 260, 261
Boiler for glue boiling, 44
Boiling bones, 74, 75
—— —— duration of, 45
—— —— or cooking glue, 44-52
Bone ash, composition of, 119
—— —— conversion of, into a coarse powder, 119
—— —— decomposition of, by sulphuric acid, 119-125
—— —— kiln for, 117-119
—— —— preparation of, 117-119
—— —— yield of, 119
—— cartilage, composition of, 32
—— cement for, 230
—— crusher, 36
—— gelatine, 170-180
—— —— modern process of preparing, 179, 180
—— -glue, manufacture of, 74-116
—— meal, glue and fat, simultaneous utilization of bones for, 104-113
—— -mill, Crosskill, 36
—— raw materials, 16
—— size, 159, 160
Bones, absorption of sulphurous acid by, 92
—— Adamson and Simonis’ apparatus for extracting, 76-79
—— and cartilages, 31-39
—— apparatus for extracting the fat from, with benzine, 76-94
—— Belgian retort-furnace for the carbonization of, 109-112
—— boiling of, 74, 75
—— burning of, to ash, 117-119
—— buying of, 32
—— carbonization of, 108-112
—— constitution of, 32
—— crushed, sorting of, 36, 37
—— crushing or grinding of, 33-36
—— extraction of, 76-94
—— —— —— phosphates from, 115
—— fatty matters in, 32
—— for the manufacture of animal charcoal, 107
—— honey-combed, 39
—— Leuner’s apparatus for extracting, 90-92
—— lime bath for, 37
—— products obtained in the distillation of, 112
—— Seltsam’s apparatus for extracting, 84-86
—— —— apparatus for extracting, improved by Th. Richter, 88-90
—— simultaneous utilization of, for fat, bone-meal and glue, 104-113
—— —— utilization of, for fat, glue and calcium phosphate, 113-116
—— sorting of, 32, 33, 104, 105
—— sulphurous acid for extracting, 92-94
—— treatment of, with high pressure steam, 105-107
—— utilization of the liquor obtained in the treatment of, with
hydrochloric acid, 125-127
—— value of, 32
—— waste of, from the preparation of tinned provisions, 19
Bookbinder’s glue, 12
—— size, 160
Book isinglass, 197
Boric acid, preservation of glue-stock with, 30
Bottles, cracked, cement for, 240, 241
Bouillon tablets, 12
Brazilian isinglass, 199, 200
Briers, D. J., process for the preparation of bone gelatine
employed by, 171-179
Brochette, 43
Brushmaker’s cement, 251
Bullock’s feet, 18
—— hide, waste of, 18
—— leather, 30
Burning bones to ash, 117-119
Cakes, cutting glue into, 57-64
—— drying the, 64-73
—— machines for cutting the jelly into, 60-64
—— shape of, 57, 58
—— tools for cutting the jelly into, 59
Calcium chloride, 116
—— metaphosphate, 120, 127
—— phosphate, 115
—— —— fat and glue, simultaneous utilization of bones for, 113-116
Calf leather, 30
—— skin waste, 18
Calves’ feet, 30
—— heads, 18, 30
Carbolic acid, preservation of glue-stock with, 29
—— —— use of, for preserving paste, 257, 258
Carbon disulphide, use of, for extracting bones, 76
Cardboard, paste for, 269
Cartilage, 1
—— conversion of, into glue, 94-104
—— drying of, 114
—— preservation of, 114
—— treatment of, with high-pressure steam, 98
—— yield of glue from, 115
Cartilages and bones, 31-39
Caseine cement which can be kept for a long time, 239
—— cements, 237-240
—— mucilage, 264
—— —— for photographer’s use, 266
—— ordinary technical, preparation of, 238, 239
—— pure, preparation of, 237, 238
Castings, cement for filling in defects in, 246
Cattle, pieces of hide from the lower parts of the limbs of, 30
Cayenne isinglass, 199, 200
Cellular tissue, 1
Celluloid, cement for, 252
Cement resisting acids, 248
—— —— —— very high temperatures, 248
Cements, caseine, 237-240
—— chemical nature of, 219
—— classification of, 218-223
—— for chemical apparatus, 247-249
—— —— —— —— special purposes, 249-252
—— glue and starch, 222, 223
—— glycerine, 242
—— gypsum, 244, 245
—— how to use, 252-255
—— iron, 245-247
—— lime, 223, 243, 244
—— oil, 219, 220, 224-229
—— pastes and mucilages, preparation of, 224-271
—— resinous, 220, 221, 229-233
—— resisting high temperatures, 246
—— rubber and gutta-percha, 222, 233-237
—— water glass, 240-242
Chalk, 243
Charcoal, animal, bleaching glue with, 142
—— —— bones for the manufacture of, 107
—— —— carbonization of bones for, 108-112
—— —— manufacture of, 112, 113
—— —— yield of, 113
—— mixing calcium phosphate with, 124
Chemical apparatus, cements for, 247-249
Chinese isinglass, 201, 202
Chlorbarium, soaking hides in, 20
Chloride of lime, bleaching glue-stock with, 55
Chlorine, bleaching glue with, 141
Chondrin, chemical composition of, 5, 6
—— conversion of, into glutin, 6
—— formation of, 3
—— properties of, 5
—— pure, preparation of, 5
Chrome glue, 153
Clarifying glue liquor, 52-56
—— —— —— apparatus for, 98
—— —— —— vats, 53
Clay crucibles, cracked, cement for, 243
Clearness of glue, definition of, 53
Clock faces, white enameled, cement for, 230
Cloth, cement for, 252
—— paste for attaching, to table tops, 269
Colle franche, 43
Cologne glue, 148
Color mixtures, glue for, 11
—— of glue, definition of, 53
Colored gelatine, 181, 182
Coloring glue, 156
—— matters for gelatine, 181, 182
—— substances, removal of, from glue liquor, 54-56
Combs, hard rubber, cement for, 236
Common salt, effect of, on glue solution, 7
Constitution of glue, 3-6
Conversion of cartilage into glue, 94-104
Cooking, duration of, 44
—— or boiling glue, 44-52
Cooling boxes, 100
—— glue liquor, 100
Corium, 1, 17
Court-plaster, 12, 184, 185
Cox, J. and G., process for the manufacture of gelatine patented
by, 166, 167
Crockery, cement for, 236, 237
Crosskill bone mill, 36
Crucibles, cement for, 243
Crude glue, definition of, 3
—— —— preparation of, 43
Culinary purposes, glue for, 12-14
Dark steam glue, 152
Devoulx, cutting apparatus invented by, 62-64
Dextrine mucilage, 267
—— —— preparation of, 259-261
Diamond cement, 229
Distillation of crude phosphorus, 133-135
—— —— phosphorus, 127-132
Drying, acceleration of, 72, 73
—— cakes of glue, 64-73
—— galleries, 68-71
—— house, modern, 71, 72
Drying room, 65
—— —— regulating the temperature of the, 67, 68
East India isinglass, 199
Elastic cement, 234
—— gutta-percha cement, 236
—— masses, glue for, 14
—— paste, 263
Electric furnace for the manufacture of phosphorus, 138-140
Electrical apparatus, cement for, 251, 252
Emery paper, use of glue in the manufacture of, 12
Epidermis, 17
Epsom salt, behavior of glue solution towards, 7
—— —— use of, in drying glue, 72, 73
Evaporating pan, open, 98-100
—— pans, 124
Evaporators, spiral, 100, 101
Extraction of bones, 76-94
Fabrics, water-proofing of, 161-163
Fancy articles, fine, paste for, 265
Fans, gelatine veneers for, 15
Fat, bone meal and glue, simultaneous utilization of bones
for, 104-113
—— extraction of, with benzine, 76-92
—— —— —— hydrocarbon vapors, 79-82
—— —— —— liquid hydrocarbons, 82-84
—— glue and calcium phosphate, simultaneous utilization of
bones for, 113-116
Fertilizers, utilization of liquors for, 116
Fining, gelatine for, 182
Fish bladders, 1
—— —— glue, 202-204
—— —— —— points to be observed in the manufacture of, 41, 42
—— —— —— raw materials for, 41, 42
—— scales, 16, 42
—— —— preparation of glue from, 203
Fleck’s kiln for burning bones, 118, 119
—— process of accelerating the drying of glue, 72, 73
Flour paste, 256-258, 261, 262
Fluid pastes, 264, 265
Foils, gelatine, 15, 185, 186
Formaldehyde, preservation of glue-stock with, 29, 30
Forming or moulding the glue, 56-64
Formo-gelatine, 193, 194
French mastic, 227
—— putty, 225
Friedberg’s apparatus for clarifying glue liquor, 98
—- —— —— conversion of cartilage into glue, 94-97
Furnace, electric, for the manufacture of phosphorus, 138-140
Galley furnace, 128, 129
Galvanized iron-wire netting, 66
Gelatin, pure, preparation of, 4
Gelatine and glycerine, compound of, 12
—— and products prepared from it, manufacture of, 165-195
—— artificial silk from, 195
—— capsules, 14, 184
—— colored, 181, 182
—— constitution of, 165
—— Cox’s process for the manufacture of, 166, 167
—— foils, 15, 185, 186
—— for fining purposes, 182
—— for photographic printing and photographic purposes in
general, 183, 184
—— Jullion and Pirie’s process for the preparation of, 38
—— Nelson’s process for the manufacture of, 166
—— preparation of, from ordinary glue, 182, 183
—— substitute for, 203, 204
—— Swinborne’s improved patented process for the preparation of, 167
—— testing of, 205-217
—— veneers, 15, 186-193
—— yielding tissues, 1
German isinglass, 200
Gilder’s glue, 150
Glass, cement for, 230, 233, 239, 241, 243, 245
—— —— for attaching metal letters to, 249
—— —— —— —— —— to metal, 251
—— mastic cement for, 232
—— oil cement for, 228
—— paper, use of glue in the manufacture of, 12
—— paste for attaching labels to, 270
—— plates, gelatinizing liquors upon, 58, 59
—— upon glass, cement for, 230
—— —— metal, cement for, 230
Glauber’s salt, use of, in drying glue, 72, 73
Gloves, waste from the manufacture of, 43
Glue, acceleration of the drying of, 72, 73
—— addition of mineral substances to, 149
—— American, analysis of, 207
—— and starch cements, 222, 223
—— as a binding agent, 11
—— —— —— joining medium, 10, 11
—— banknote or mouth, 269
—— boiler, Terne’s, 51, 52
—— boiling, boiler for, 44
—— —— convenient apparatus for, 46, 47
—— —— in open jacketed pans, 49, 50
—— —— or cooking, 44-52
—— —— with steam, boiler for, 47-49
—— chemical composition of, 8
—— chrome, 153
—— clearness of, 53
—— Cologne, 148
—— color of, 53
—— coloring of, 156
—— constitution of, 3-6
—— conversion of cartilage into, 94-104
—— cooking, process of, 51
—— crude, definition of, 3
—— —— preparation of, 43
—— cutting the, into cakes, 57-64
—— deduction of the quality of, from indirect properties, 207, 208
—— determination of acidity in, 205, 206
—— —— of adulterations of, 214, 215
—— —— of glutin in, 206, 207
—— —— of moisture in, 205
—— different varieties of, and their preparation, 146-164
—— drying cakes of, 64-73
—— —— room for, 65
—— factory, location of a, 21
—— —— manner of carrying on the work in a, 26-30
—— fat and bone-meal, simultaneous utilization of bones for, 104-113
—— for attaching leather to metal, 153
—— —— culinary and medicinal purposes, 12-14
—— —— elastic masses and as a partial substitute for rubber, 14
—— —— fancy articles, 14, 15
Glue joints in leather driving belts, 163
—— —— —— leather, paper, etc., 153, 154
—— —— —— parchment paper in making sausage skins, 154, 155
—— formation of, 6
—— from various materials, external characteristics of, 6, 7
—— gilder’s, 150
—— holding power of, 147, 148
—— how to make and use, 147
—— in animal organism, 2
—— —— sizing, 12
—— inferior qualities of, 12
—— joiner’s, 146
—— Kissling’s results in testing, 215
—— liquid, 151, 152
—— liquor, apparatus for clarifying, 98
—— —— clarifying the, 52-56
—— —— concentration of, 50
—— —— cooling of, 100
—— —— decolorizing of, with animal charcoal, 55
—— —— instrument for measuring the percentage of glue in, 103
—— measuring the percentage of, in glue liquor, 103, 104
—— methods of bleaching, 141-145
—— moulding or forming of, 56-64
—— nature of, 1-9
—— nets for drying, 66, 67
—— ordinary, preparation of gelatine from, 182, 183
—— parchment, 150
—— Paris, 150, 151
—— patent, 150
—— practical testing of, 215-217
—— principal substances employed as raw material for, 16
—— properties of, and its behavior towards other substances, 6-9
—— raw materials and their preparation for the manufacture of, 16-38
—— results obtained by comparative experiments in testing, 209, 210
—— Russian, 149, 150
—— size, 150
—— solution, behavior of, towards salts, 7, 8
—— steam, 152
—— stock, bleaching of, 55, 56
—— —— dry-limed, 19
—— —— dry, uncured, or salted, 19
—— —— green-limed, 19
—— —— green-salted, 19
—— —— influence of the age of animals on the product from, 20
—— —— limed, washing of, 21-26
—— —— notes in reference to judging, 19, 20
—— —— preparation of, 21-38
—— —— preservation of, 29
—— —— sheds for, 26
—— —— transformation in boiling the, 2
—— —— washer, 22-26
—— substitute for, 203, 204
—— transition stages of, 2
—— uses of, 10-15
—— testing of, 205-217
—— tungstic, 155
—— water-proof, 160
—— yield of, from cartilage, 115
—— —— —— from tannery waste, 18
—— -yielding substance, production of, 2
—— —— tissues, 1
Glutin, conversion of chondrin into, 6
—— determination of, in glue, 206, 207
—— formation of, 3
—— properties of, 4, 5
—— pure, preparation of, 4
Glycerine and glycerine cements, 242
—— —— litharge cement, 242
—— paste, 266
—— —— for office use, 268
—— properties of, 242
Glycocoll, 6
Goat leather, 31
Gray lime, 28
Green waste, liming of, 26, 27
Gum tragacanth, 261
Gutta-percha and rubber cements, 222, 233-237
Gypsum, 244
Gypsum cements, 244, 245
Hager’s diamond cement, 229
Hard rubber cement, 234
—— combs, cement for, 236
Hare skins, 18, 31
Hartshorn, 1
Hayes, S. Dana, analysis of American glue by, 207
Heat-resisting cement, 245
Hectograph mass, 14, 163, 164
Heuzé’s method of preparing dextrine, 261
Hide, transformation in drying the, 2
Hides for glue-stock, classification of, 30, 31
—— soaking of, in chlorbarium, 20
Hoeveller, W. A., apparatus for drying glue invented by, 68-71
—— glue-stock washer of, 22-26
Hog skins, 18
Hollander, 39
Horn, cement for, 232
—— piths, 19
Horses’ hoofs, cement for, 236
Hudson Bay isinglass, 199
Hydraulic works, cement for, 241
Hydrocarbon vapors, extraction of fats, oils, etc., with, 79-82
Hydrocarbons, liquid, extraction of fats, oils, etc., with, 82-84
—— removal of, from substances, 84-86
Hydrochloric acid, treatment of bones with, 37
—— —— utilization of the liquor obtained in treating bones
with, 125-127
Ichthyocolle Française, 200, 201
Irish moss, 202
Iron and stone, cement for, 245
—— cement for, 245, 246
—— cements, 245-247
—— pipes, fire-proof cement for, 246
—— pots, cracked, cement for, 246
—— water tanks, cement for, 246
Isinglass, adulteration of, 196, 197
—— and its substitutes, 196-204
—— chemical composition of, 8
—— preparation of, in Russia, 197, 198
—— sources of, 196
—— spurious, 196
—— substitute for, 203, 204
Isinglassine, 201
Ivory, cement for, 230
Jeffrey’s marine glue, 235
Jelly, definition of, 3
—— effect of tannin on, 8
—— machines for cutting the, into cakes, 60-64
—— properties of, 7
—— tools for cutting the, into cakes, 59
—— transformation in boiling the, 2
Jennings’ method for the preparation of fish glue, 202, 203
Jewelers, American cement for, 252
—— cement, 252
Joiners, cement for, 243
—— glue, 146
Jullion and Pirie’s process for the preparation of gelatine, 38
Kid leather, waste from paring, 31
Kiln for burning bones, 117-119
Kissling’s results in testing glue, 215
Knapsack leather, 31
Knife handles, cement for, 231
Label paste, 263
Labels, mucilage for, 263
—— paste for attaching, to glass, porcelain and metal, 270
—— —— for attaching, to polished nickel, 268
—— —— for attaching, to tin, 268
Lamb leather, 31
Leaf isinglass, 197
Leather, cement for, 235, 237
—— driving belts, glue for joints in, 163
—— for glue-stock, classification of, 30, 31
—— glue for, 153, 154
—— —— —— attaching, to metal, 153
—— paste for attaching, to table tops, 269
—— —— —— joining, to pasteboard, 267, 268
—— skins, actual, 17
—— waste, 39-42
—— —— comminution of, 39, 40
Leucine, 6
Leuner’s apparatus for extracting bones, 90-92
Lime and glue cement, 244
—— —— sugar paste, 265
—— bath for bones, 37
—— cements, 223, 243, 244
—— milk of, preparation of, 26, 27
—— precipitation of, by oxalic acid, 54
—— slaked, effect of, on glue solution, 7
—— testing of, 27, 28
Limed glue-stock, washing of, 21-26
Liming green waste, 26, 27
—— waste, 20
Linseed oil and clay cement, 248
—— —— —— manganese cement, 248
Lipowitz’s method of testing glue, 208, 209
Liquid fining gelatine, 182
—— glue, 151, 152
—— sugar and lime paste, 265
Litharge cement, 225
Magnesium sulphate, 116
Manufacture of bone-glue, 74-116
—— —— gelatine, and products prepared from it, 165-195
—— —— phosphorus, 117-140
—— —— skin glue, 43-73
Maps, paste for mounting, 266
Marble, cement for, 242, 251
—— —— for attaching metal letters to, 249
—— oil cement for, 228, 229
Marine glue, 234, 235
Matches, use of glue in the manufacture of, 11
Mastic, 226, 227
—— cement, 226, 227
Medicinal purposes, glue for, 12-14
Meerschaum, cement for, 239
Meta-gelatin, 7
Metal, cement for attaching wood, glass, etc., to, 251
—— glue for attaching leather to, 153
—— letters upon glass, cement for, 230, 249
—— paste for attaching labels to, 270
Metals, cement for, 239
—— —— for uniting, 241
Metarabin, conversion of, into arabin, 271
Mica, cement for, 231, 232
Milk of lime, preparation of, 26, 27
Moisture, determination of, in glue, 205
Mother-of-pearl, glue imitations of, 15
Moulding boxes, 56
—— or forming the glue, 56-64
—— refined phosphorus, 135-137
Mouth glue, 269
Mucilage, 263, 264
—— caseine, 264
—— —— for photographers’ use, 266
—— dextrine, 267
—— for attaching labels to tin, 268
—— —— labels, 263
—— —— office use, 268
—— —— postage stamps, 264
—— preservation of, 259, 260
—— strong, 267
—— tragacanth, 264
Mucilages and pastes, 255-271
—— —— —— for special purposes, 261-271
—— —— pastes and cements, preparation of, 224-271
Muratori and Landry’s method of water-proofing fabrics, 162, 163
Muzmann and Krakowitzer’s method of water-proofing fabrics, 162, 163
Nature of glue, 1-9
Nelson, G., process of, for the manufacture of gelatine, 166
Nets for drying glue, 66, 67
Netting, metallic, 66
—— twine, 66, 67
Neutral potassium tartrate, behavior of glue solution towards, 7
New York isinglass, 198
Nickel, polished, paste for attaching labels to, 268
North American isinglass, 198
Office use, glycerine paste for, 268
—— —— mucilage for, 268
Oil cements, 219, 220, 224-229
Oils, extraction of, with hydrocarbon vapors, 79-82
—— —— —— with liquid hydrocarbons, 82-84
Ornaments, indestructible mass for, 155
Osseine, 1
Oxalic acid, effect of, on glue solution, 7
—— —— precipitation of lime by, 54
Pads, paste for, 270
Paget’s mastic, 227
Pale steam glue, 152
Pan, open evaporating, 98-100
Pans, evaporating, 124
—— open jacketed, 49, 50
—— vacuum, 101-103
Paper bags, paste for, 266
—— colored, use of glue in the manufacture of, 11
—— glue for, 153, 154
—— hangings, glue in the manufacture of, 11
—— paste for, 265
—— —— —— fastening, on tin-foil, 266, 270
Parchment glue, 150
—— paper, glue for, in making sausage skins, 154, 155
—— scraps, 18
Paris glue, 150, 151
Paste, adhesive, 264
—— albumen, 265, 266
—— clean and durable, 268, 269
—— elastic or pliable, 263
—— fluid, 264, 265
—— for attaching cloth or leather to table tops, 269
—— —— —— labels to glass, porcelain and metal, 270
—— —— —— —— to polished nickel, 268
—— —— cardboard, 269
—— —— fastening paper on tin foil, 266, 270
—— —— joining leather to pasteboard, 267, 268
—— —— mounting maps, 266
—— —— pads, 270
—— —— paper and fine fancy articles, 265
—— —— —— bags, 266
—- —— scrap-books, 266, 267
—— —— skins, 267
—— glycerine, 266
—— —— for office use, 268
—— label, 263
—— preparation of, 255
—— preservatives for, 257
—— rules to be observed in the preparation of, 256
—— strong adhesive, 262
—— sugar and lime, 265
—— that will not sour, 262
—— Venetian, 262
Paste-board, paste for joining leather to, 267, 268
Pastes and mucilages, 255-271
—— —— —— for special purposes, 261-271
—— mucilages and cements, preparation of, 224-271
Patent glue, 150
Patriarch isinglass, 197
Permanent white, addition of, to glue, 149
Petroleum, cement to withstand the action of, 231
—— lamps, cement for, 231
Phosphates, extraction of, from bones, 115
Phosphorus, crude, composition of, 131, 132
—— —— distillation of, 133-135
—— —— purification of, 132
—— distillation of, 127-132
—— galley furnace for distilling, 128, 129
—— loss of, 132
—— manufacture of, 117-140
—— —— of, with the assistance of electricity, 138-140
—— operations in the preparation of, 117
—— refined, moulding of, 135-137
—— refining and purifying of, 132-135
—— receivers for, 129
—— removal of, from the receivers, 131
—— residue in the manufacture of, 127
—— sticks, mode of forming, 135-137
—— storing of, 138
Photographers, caseine mucilage for 266
Photographic printing, gelatine for 183, 184
Photo-lithography, use of glue in, 14
Pierres de mastic, 226, 227
Pipes exposed to a red heat, cement for tightening joints of, 241
Plaster of Paris, 244
—— —— —— cement, universal, 245
—— —— —— statues, cement for, 244, 245
Pliable paste, 263
Porcelain, cement for, 231, 239, 240, 241, 243, 245
—— oil cement for, 229
—— paste for attaching labels to, 270
—— sulphur cement for, 232, 233
Postage stamps, mucilage for, 264
Potassium carbonate, behavior of glue solution towards, 7
Printing rollers, compositions for, 157
Putty, 224, 225
Quick lime, 243
Rabbit skins, 18, 31
Rag-engine, 39
Raw materials and their preparation for the manufacture of glue, 16-38
—— —— collection and buying of, 16
—— —— division of, 16
Receivers for collecting phosphorus, 129
—— —— removal of phosphorus from the, 131
Red lead cement, 225
Resinous cements, 220, 221, 229-233
Retort-furnace, Belgian, for the carbonization of bones, 109-112
Retorts, 127, 128
Rochelle salts, behavior of glue solution towards, 7
Rubber and gutta-percha cements, 222, 233-237
—— cement for, 250
—— —— —— chemical apparatus, 248, 249
—— glue as a partial substitute for, 14
Russia, preparation of isinglass in, 197, 198
Russian glue, 149, 150
—— isinglass, 197, 198
—— steam glue, 152
Sahlstrom’s process for preparing a substitute for isinglass, gelatine
and glue, 203, 204
Sal ammoniac, effect of, on glue solution, 7
Saltpetre, effect of, on glue solution, 7
Salts, behavior of glue solution towards, 7, 8
Samovey leaf isinglass, 197
Sandpaper, use of glue in the manufacture of, 12
Sausage skins, glue for parchment paper in making, 154, 155
Scheibler’s cement for chemical apparatus, 249
Schneible, J., machine for cutting the jelly into cakes invented
by, 60-62
Scrap-books, paste for, 266, 267
Selenite, 244
Seltsam’s apparatus for extracting bones, 84-86
—— —— for extracting bones improved by Th. Richter, 88-90
Serbat’s mastic, 227, 228
Seubert’s apparatus for moulding phosphorus, 135, 136
Sheds for glue-stock, 26
Sheep leather, 31
—— skin waste, 18
Shell lime, 28
Shoemakers’ paste, 258, 259
Siberian purse isinglass, 197
Sieve for sorting crushed bones, 36, 37
Silicate of soda, 240
Silk, artificial, from gelatine, 195
Sinews, 1
Size, 157-160
—— glue, 150
Sizing, glue in, 12
Skin gelatine, 166-170
—— —— modern process of preparing, 167-170
—— glue, classification of operations in the manufacture of, 43
—— —— manufacture of, 43-73
—— -like raw materials, 16
Skins, paste for, 267
—— steeping of, 18
—— used for packing, use of, for glue, 19
Sodium carbonate, behavior of glue solution towards, 7
Soft putty, 225
—— rubber cement, 233, 234
Sounds, 41
Spiral evaporators, 100, 101
Stamping mill for crushing bones, 34, 35
Staple isinglass, 197
Starch and glue cements, 222, 223
—— paste, 255, 256, 261
Steam, apparatus for boiling glue with, 47-49
Steam boiler cement, 250
—— glue, 152
—— high-pressure, treatment of bones with, 105-107
—— pipes, cement for, 250, 251
—— —— oil cement free from lead for, 228
—— —— —— cements for, 228
Steaming bones, 75, 76
Stephenson’s oil cement, 228
Stick mastic cement, 232
Stone lime, 28
Stove plates, cracked, cement for, 246
Stoves, black cement for, 246
Stratena, 252
Straw, use of, as a filter, 44
Sugar and lime paste, 265
Sulphate of alumina, use of, for clarifying glue liquor, 54
—— —— baryta, addition of, to glue, 149
Sulphuric acid, decomposition of bone ash by, 119-125
Sulphurous acid, absorption of, by bones, 92
—— —— bleaching glue with, 143-145
—— —— glue-stock with, 55, 56
—— —— dilute, treatment of bones with, 38
—— —— generation of, 93, 94
—— —— process for extracting bones, 92-94
—— —— solution, apparatus for the production of, 143, 144
Surrons, 31
Swinborne’s improved patented process for the preparation of
gelatine, 167
Table tops, paste for attaching cloth or leather to, 269
Tannery waste, yield of glue from, 18
Tannin as a test for the presence of gelatine, 165
—— effect of, on glue solution, 8
—— removal of, from leather waste, 39-41
Tendons, 1
Terne’s apparatus for the generation of sulphurous acid, 94
—— glue boiler, 51, 52
Terra-cotta articles, cement for, 232
Testing glue and gelatine, 205-217
Tin foil, paste for fastening paper on, 266, 270
Tin paste for attaching labels to, 268
Tires, cement for, 250
Tools for cutting the jelly into cakes, 59
Tortoise shell, cement for, 232
—— —— glue imitations of, 15
Toys indestructible mass for, 155
Tragacanth, 261
—— mucilage, 264
Transition stages of glue, 2, 3
Tub-size, manufacture of, 158, 159
Tungstic glue, 155
Turners, cement for, 229, 230
Twine netting, objections to, 66, 67
Under skin, 17
Uses of glue, 10-15
Vacuum pans, 101-103
Vasa lymphatica, 1
Vats, clarifying, 53
Veneers, gelatine, 15, 186-193
Venetian paste, 262
Walls, damp, marine glue for, 235
Wash basins, cement for, 225, 226
Washing drum, 22
Waste, green, liming of, 26, 27
—— liming of, 20
—— putrefaction of, 20, 21
Water-glass and water-glass cements, 240-242
—— —— constitution of, 240
Water-proof cement, 227
—— —— glue, 160
—— proofing fabrics, 161-163
—— —— wrapping paper, 160, 161
—— tanks, iron, cement for, 246
Weavers’ looms, worn-out hinges from, 30
Weidenbusch’s method of testing glue, 211-213
Whalebone, cement for, 232
Whale glue, 204
Whip leather, 30
White-lead, addition of, to glue, 149
Wood, cement for, 230, 239, 240
—— —— —— attaching metal letters to, 249
—— —— —— —— to metal, 251
Wooden vessels, insoluble cement for, 233
Wrapping paper, water-proof, 160, 161
Zinc plates, gelatinizing liquors upon, 58, 59
—— white cement, 226
—— addition of, to glue, 149
* * * * *
Transcriber's Notes
Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected. Variations
in hyphenation have been standardised but all other spelling and
punctuation remains unchanged.
Italics are represented thus _italic_.
Within the chemical formulae subscripted numerals are shown thus _{2}_.
The following corrections have been made:
Line 4516 From
III. 3Ca(PO_{3})_{2} + 10C = 10CO + Ca_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} = P_{2}
to
III. 3Ca(PO_{3})_{2} + 10C = 10CO + Ca_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} + P_{4}
Line 4742 From
3Ca(PO_{3})_{2} + 5Ca_{2}_ = Ca_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} + 10CO + 4P.
to
3Ca(PO_{3})_{2} + 10C = Ca_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} + 10CO + 4P.