THE STORM
The "wire ships" thus additionally experienced arrived at Plymouth on
June 3d, and some further arrangements were made, principally connected
with the electrical department.
A week later--i. e., on Thursday, June 10th--having taken in a fresh
supply of coal, the expedition again left England "with fair skies and
bright prospects." The barometer standing at 30.64, it was an auspicious
start in what was declared by a consensus of nautical authorities to be
the best time of the year for the Atlantic.
This prognostication was doomed to a terrible disappointment, for the
voyage nearly ended in the Agamemnon "turning turtle." She was
repeatedly almost on her beam ends, the cable was partly shifted, and a
large number of those on board were more or less seriously injured. The
load of cable made all the difference when brought into comparison with
an ordinary ship, under stress of weather. It was bad enough to cruise
with a dead weight forward of some 250 tons--a weight under which her
planks gaped an inch apart, and her beams threatened daily to give way.
But when to these evils were added the fear that in some of her heavy
rolls the whole mass would slip and take the vessel's side out, it will
be seen that this precious coil was justly regarded as a standing
danger--the millstone about the necks of all on board.[29] Oddly enough,
owing to the fact that the Agamemnon had scant accommodation left for
fuel, every one at the start was bemoaning the entire absence of breeze.
There were some even, who, never having been at sea before, muttered
rash hopes about meeting an Atlantic gale. Their wishes were soon to be
completely realized.
In order that laying operations should be started by the two ships in
mid-ocean, it was arranged that the entire fleet should meet in latitude
53° 2´ and longitude 33° 18´ as a rendezvous. As it is impossible to
follow the movements of more than one ship at a time, and as the
Agamemnon had the more exciting experience, we will confine our
attention to her up to the date of the rendezvous.
The day after starting there was no wind; but on Saturday, June 12th, a
breeze sprung up, and, with screw hoisted and fires raked out, the
Agamemnon bowled along at a rare pace under "royals" and
studding-sails. The barometer fell fast, and squally weather coming on
with the boisterous premonitory symptoms of an Atlantic gale, even those
least versed in such matters could see at a glance that they were "in
for it." The following day the sky wore a wretched mist--half rain, half
vapor--through which the attendant vessels loomed faintly like shadows.
The gale increased; till at four in the afternoon the good ship was
rushed through the foam under close-reefed topsails and foresail. That
night the storm got worse, and most of the squadron gradually parted
company. The ocean resembled one vast snowdrift, the whitish glare from
which--reflected from the dark clouds that almost rested on the sea--had
a tremendous and unnatural effect, as if the ordinary laws of nature had
been reversed.
Very heavy weather continued till the following Sunday (June 20th),
which ushered in as fierce a storm as ever swept over the Atlantic. The
narrative of this fight of nautical science with the elements may best
be continued in the words of the representative of The Times, especially
as it is probably the most intensely realistic description of a storm
that has ever been written by an eye-witness:
The Niagara, which had hitherto kept close, while the other smaller
vessels had dropped out of sight, began to give us a very wide
berth, and as darkness increased it was a case of every one for
himself.
Our ship, the Agamemnon, rolling many degrees--not every one can
imagine how she went at it that night--was laboring so heavily that
she looked like breaking up.
The massive beams under her upper-deck coil cracked and snapped
with a noise resembling that of small artillery, almost drowning
the hideous roar of the wind as it moaned and howled through the
rigging, jerking and straining the little storm-sails as though it
meant to tear them from the yards. Those in the impoverished cabins
on the main deck had little sleep that night, for the upper-deck
planks above them were "working themselves free," as sailors say;
and beyond a doubt they were infinitely more free than easy, for
they groaned under the pressure of the coil with a dreadful uproar,
and availed themselves of the opportunity to let in a little light,
with a good deal of water, at every roll. The sea, too, kept
striking with dull, heavy violence against the vessel's bows,
forcing its way through hawse-holes and ill-closed ports with a
heavy slush; and thence, hissing and winding aft, it roused the
occupants of the cabins aforesaid to a knowledge that their floors
were under water, and that the flotsam and jetsam noises they heard
beneath were only caused by their outfit for the voyage taking a
cruise of its own in some five or six inches of dirty bilge. Such
was Sunday night, and such was a fair average of all the nights
throughout the week, varying only from bad to worse. On Monday
things became desperate.
The barometer was lower--and, as a matter of course, the wind and
sea were infinitely higher--than the day before. It was singular,
but at twelve o'clock the sun pierced through the pall of clouds
and shone brilliantly for half an hour, and during that brief time
it blew as it had not often blown before. So fierce was this gust
that its roar drowned every other sound, and it was almost
impossible to give the watch the necessary orders for taking in the
close-reefer foresail, which, when furled, almost left the
Agamemnon under bare poles, though still surging through the water
at speed. This gust passed, the usual gale set in, now blowing
steadily from the southwest, and taking us more and more out of our
course each minute. Every hour the storm got worse, till toward
five in the afternoon, when it seemed at its height--and raged with
such a violence of wind and sea--that matters really looked
"desperate" even for such a strong and large ship as the
Agamemnon. The upper-deck coil had strained her decks throughout
excessively, and though this mass in theory was supposed to prevent
her rolling so quickly and heavily as she would have done without
it, yet still she heeled over to such an alarming extent that fears
of the coil itself shifting again occupied every mind, and it was
accordingly strengthened with additional shores bolted down to the
deck. The space occupied by the main coil below had deprived the
Agamemnon of several of her coal-bunkers, and in order to make up
for this deficiency, as well as to endeavor to counterbalance the
immense mass which weighed her down by the head, a large quantity
of coals had been stowed on the deck aft. On each side of her main
deck were thirty-five tons, secured in a mass, while on the lower
deck ninety tons were stowed away in the same manner. The
precautions taken to secure these huge masses also required
attention as the great ship surged from side to side. But these
coals seemed secure, and were so, in fact, unless the vessel should
almost capsize--an unpleasant alternative which no one certainly
anticipated then. Everything, therefore, was made "snug," as
sailors call it, though their efforts by no means resulted in the
comfort which might have been expected from the term. The night,
however, passed over without any mischance beyond the smashing of
all things incautiously left loose and capable of rolling, and one
or two attempts which the Agamemnon made in the middle watch to
turn bottom upward. In all other matters it was the mere ditto of
Sunday night, except, perhaps, a little worse, and certainly much
more wet below. Tuesday the gale continued with almost unabated
force, though the barometer had risen to 29.30, and there was
sufficient sun to take a clear observation, which showed our
distance from the rendezvous to be 563 miles. During this afternoon
the Niagara joined company, and the wind going more ahead, the
Agamemnon took to violent pitching, plunging steadily into the
trough of the sea as if she meant to break her back and lay the
Atlantic cable in a heap. This change in her motion strained and
taxed every inch of timber near the coils to the very utmost. It
was curious to see how they worked and bent as the Agamemnon went
at everything she met head first. One time she pitched so heavily
as to break one of the main beams of the lower deck, which had to
be shored with screw-jacks forthwith. Saturday, the 19th of June,
things looked a little better. The barometer seemed inclined to go
up and the sea to go down; and for the first time that morning
since the gale began, some six days previous, the decks could be
walked with tolerable comfort and security. But alas! appearances
are as deceitful in the Atlantic as elsewhere; and during a
comparative calm that afternoon the glass fell lower, while a thin
line of black haze to windward seemed to grow up into the sky,
until it covered the heavens with a somber darkness, and warned us
that, after all, the worst was yet to come. There was much heavy
rain that evening, and then the wind began, not violently, nor in
gusts, but with a steadily increasing force, as if the gale was
determined to do its work slowly but do it well. The sea was
"ready-built to hand," as sailors say, so at first the storm did
little more than urge on the ponderous masses of water with
redoubled force, and fill the air with the foam and spray it tore
from their rugged crests. By and by, however, it grew more
dangerous, and Captain Preedy himself remained on deck throughout
the middle watch, for the wind was hourly getting worse and worse,
and the Agamemnon, rolling thirty degrees each way, was straining
to a dangerous extent.
[Illustration: FIG. 26.--H.M.S. Agamemnon in a Storm.]
At 4 A.M. sail was shortened to close-reefer fore and main topsails
and reefed foresail--a long and tedious job, for the wind so roared
and howled and the hiss of the boiling sea was so deafening that
words of command were useless, and the men aloft, holding on with
all their might to the yards as the ship rolled over and over
almost to the water, were quite incapable of struggling with the
masses of wet canvas that flapped and plunged as if men and yards
and everything were going away together. The ship was almost as wet
inside as out, and so things wore on till eight or nine o'clock,
everything getting adrift and being smashed, and every one on board
jamming themselves up in corners or holding on to beams to prevent
their going adrift likewise. At ten o'clock the Agamemnon was
rolling and laboring fearfully, with the sky getting darker, and
both wind and sea increasing every minute. At about half-past ten
o'clock three or four gigantic waves were seen approaching the
ship, coming slowly on through the mist nearer and nearer, rolling
on like hills of green water, with a crown of foam that seemed to
double their height. The Agamemnon rose heavily to the first, and
then went down quickly into the deep trough of the sea, falling
over as she did so, so as almost to capsize completely on the port
side. There was a fearful crashing as she lay over this way, for
everything broke adrift, whether secured or not, and the uproar and
confusion were terrific for a minute, then back she came again on
the starboard beam in the same manner, only quicker, and still
deeper than before. Again there was the same noise and crashing,
and the officers in the ward-room, who knew the danger of the ship,
struggled to their feet and opened the door leading to the main
deck. Here, for an instant, the scene almost defies description.
Amid loud shouts and efforts to save themselves, a confused mass of
sailors, boys, and marines, with deck-buckets, ropes, ladders, and
everything that could get loose, and which had fallen back again to
the port side, were being hurled again in a mass across the ship to
starboard. Dimly, and only for an instant, could this be seen, with
groups of men clinging to the beams with all their might, with a
mass of water, which had forced its way in through ports and decks,
surging about, and then, with a tremendous crash, as the ship fell
still deeper over, the coals stowed on the main deck broke loose,
and smashing everything before them, went over among the rest to
leeward. The coal-dust hid everything on the main deck in an
instant, but the crashing could still be heard going on in all
directions, as the lumps and sacks of coal, with stanchions,
ladders, and mess-tins, went leaping about the decks, pouring down
the hatchways, and crashing through the glass skylights into the
engine-room below. Still it was not done, and, surging again over
another tremendous wave, the Agamemnon dropped down still more to
port, and the coals on the starboard side of the lower deck gave
way also, and carried everything before them. Matters now became
serious, for it was evident that two or three more lurches and the
masts would go like reeds, while half the crew might be maimed or
killed below. Captain Preedy was already on the poop, with
Lieutenant Gibson, and it was "Hands, wear ship," at once, while
Mr. Brown, the indefatigable chief engineer, was ordered to get up
steam immediately. The crew gained the deck with difficulty, and
not till after a lapse of some minutes, for all the ladders had
been broken away; the men were grimed with coal-dust, and many bore
still more serious marks upon their faces of how they had been
knocked about below. There was some confusion at first, for the
storm was fearful. The officers were quite inaudible, and a wild,
dangerous sea, running mountains high, heeled the great ship
backward and forward, so that the crew were unable to keep their
feet for an instant, and in some cases were thrown across the decks
in a fearful manner. Two marines went with a rush head foremost
into the paying-out machine, as if they meant to butt it over the
side, yet, strange to say, neither the men nor the machine
suffered. What made matters worse, the ship's barge, though lashed
down to the deck, had partly broken loose, and dropping from side
to side as the vessel lurched, it threatened to crush any who
ventured to pass it. The regular discipline of the ship, however,
soon prevailed, and the crew set to work to wear round the ship on
the starboard tack, while Lieutenants Robinson and Murray went
below to see after those who had been hurt, and about the number of
whom extravagant rumors prevailed among the men. There were,
however, unfortunately but too many. The marine sentry outside the
ward-room door on the main deck had not had time to escape, and was
completely buried under the coals. Some time elapsed before he
could be got out, for one of the beams used to shore up the sacks,
which had crushed his arm very badly, still lay across the mangled
limb, jamming it in such a manner that it was found impossible to
remove it without risking the man's life. Saws, therefore, had to
be sent for, and the timber sawn away before the poor fellow could
be extricated. Another marine on the lower deck endeavored to save
himself by catching hold of what seemed a ledge in the planks, but,
unfortunately, it was only caused by the beams straining apart,
and, of course, as the Agamemnon righted they closed again, and
crushed his fingers flat. One of the assistant engineers was also
buried among the coals on the lower deck, and sustained some severe
internal injuries. _The lurch of the ship was calculated at
forty-five degrees each way for five times in rapid succession._
The galley-coppers were only half filled with soup; nevertheless,
it nearly all poured out, and scalded some of the poor fellows who
were extended on the decks, holding on to anything in reach. These,
with a dislocation, were the chief casualties, but there were
others of bruises and contusions, more or less severe, and, of
course, a long list of escapes more marvelous than any injury. One
poor fellow went head first from the main deck into the hold
without being hurt, and one on the orlop-deck was "chevied" about
for some ten minutes by three large casks of oil which had got
adrift, and any one of which would have flattened him like a
pancake had it overtaken him.
As soon as the Agamemnon had gone round on the other tack the
Niagara wore also, and bore down as if to render assistance. She
had witnessed our danger, and, as we afterward learned, imagined
that the upper-deck coil had broken loose, and that we were
sinking. Things, however, were not so bad as that, though they were
bad enough, heaven knows, for everything seemed to go wrong that
day. The upper-deck coil had strained the ship to the very utmost,
but still held on fast. But not so the coil in the main hold, which
had begun to get adrift, and the top kept working and shifting over
from side to side, as the ship lurched, until some forty or fifty
miles were in a hopeless state of tangle, resembling nothing so
much as a cargo of live eels, and there was every prospect of the
tangle spreading deeper and deeper as the bad weather continued.
Going round upon the starboard tack had eased the ship to a certain
extent, but with such a wind and such a sea--both of which were
getting worse than better--it was impossible to effect much for the
Agamemnon's relief, and so by twelve o'clock she was rolling almost
as badly as ever. The crew, who had been at work since nearly four
in the morning, were set to clear up the decks from the masses of
coal that covered them; and while this was going forward a heavy
sea struck the stern, and smashed the large iron guard-frame which
had been fixed there to prevent the cable fouling the screw in
paying out. Now that one side had broken, it was expected every
moment that other parts would go, and the pieces hanging down
either smash the screw or foul the rudder-post. It is not
overestimating the danger to say that had the latter accident
occurred in such a sea, and with a vessel so overladen the chances
would have been sadly against the Agamemnon ever appearing at the
rendezvous. Fortunately it was found possible to secure the broken
frame temporarily with hawsers so as to prevent it dropping
farther, though nothing could hinder the fractured end from
striking against the vessel's side with such force as to lead to
serious apprehensions that it would establish a dangerous leak
under water. It was near three in the afternoon before this was
quite secured, the gale still continuing, and the sea running even
worse. The condition of the masts, too, at this time was a source
of much anxiety both to Captain Preedy and Mr. Moriarty, the
master. The heavy rolling had strained and slackened the wire
shrouds to such an extent that they had become perfectly useless as
supports. The lower masts bent visibly at every roll, and once or
twice it seemed as if they must go by the board. Unfortunately
nothing whatever could be done to relieve this strain by sending
down any of the upper spars, since it was only her masts which
prevented the ship rolling still more and quicker; and so every one
knew that if once they were carried away it might soon be all over
with the ship, as then the deck coil could not help going after
them. So there was nothing for it but to watch in anxious silence
the way they bent and strained, and trust in Providence for the
result. About six in the evening it was thought better to "wear
ship" again and stand for the rendezvous under easy steam, and her
head accordingly was put about and once more faced the storm. As
she went round she, of course, fell into the trough of the sea
again, and rolled so awfully as to break her waste-steampipe,
filling her engine-room with steam, and depriving her of the
services of one boiler when it was sorely needed. The sun set upon
as wild and wicked a night as ever taxed the courage and coolness
of a sailor. There were, of course, men on board who were familiar
with gales and storms in all parts of the world; and there were
some who had witnessed the tremendous hurricane which swept the
Black Sea on the memorable 14th of November, when scores of vessels
were lost and seamen perished by the thousands. But of all on board
none had ever seen a fiercer or more dangerous sea than raged
throughout that night and the following morning, tossing the
Agamemnon from side to side like a mere plaything among the waters.
The night was thick and very dark, the low black clouds almost
hemming the vessel in; now and then a fiercer blast than usual
drove the great masses slowly aside and showed the moon, a dim,
greasy blotch upon the sky, with the ocean, white as driven snow,
boiling and seething like a caldron. But these were only glimpses,
which were soon lost, and again it was all darkness, through which
the waves, suddenly upheaving, rushed upon the ship as though they
must overwhelm it, and dealing it one staggering blow, went hissing
and surging past into the darkness again. The grandeur of the scene
was almost lost in its dangers and terrors, for of all the many
forms in which death approaches man there is none so easy, in fact,
so terrific in appearance, as death by shipwreck.
Sleeping was impossible that night on board the Agamemnon. Even
those in cots were thrown out, from their striking against the
vessel's side as she pitched. The berths of wood fixed athwartships
in the cabins on the main deck had worked to pieces. Chairs and
tables were broken, chests of drawers capsized, and a little surf
was running over the floors of the cabins themselves, pouring
miniature seas into portmanteaus, and breaking over carpetbags of
clean linen. Fast as it flowed off by the scuppers it came in
faster by the hawse-holes and ports, while the beams and knees
strained with a doleful noise, as though it was impossible they
could hold together much longer, and on the whole it was as
miserable and even anxious a night as ever was passed on board any
line-of-battle ship in her Majesty's service. Captain Preedy never
left the poop all night, though it was hard work to remain there,
even holding on to the poop-rail with both hands. Morning brought
no change, save that the storm was as fierce as ever, and though
the sea could not be higher or wilder, yet the additional amount of
broken water made it still more dangerous to the ship. Very dimly,
and only now and then through the thick scud, the Niagara could be
seen--one moment on a monstrous hill of water, and the next quite
lost to view, as the Agamemnon went down between the waves. But
even these glimpses showed us that our transatlantic consort was
plunging heavily, shipping seas, and evidently having a bad time of
it, though she got through it better than the Agamemnon, as, of
course, she could, having only the same load, though 2,000 tons
larger. Suddenly it came on darker and thicker, and we lost sight
of her in the thick spray, and had only ourselves to look after.
This was quite enough, for every minute made matters worse, and the
aspect of affairs began to excite most serious misgivings in the
minds of those in charge. The Agamemnon is one of the finest
line-of-battle ships in the whole navy, but in such a storm, and so
heavily overladen, what could she do but make bad weather worse,
and strain and labor and fall into the trough of the sea, as if she
were going down head foremost. Three or four hours more and the
vessel had borne all she could bear with safety. The masts were
rapidly getting worse, the deck coil worked more and more with each
tremendous plunge, and, even if both these held, it was evident
that the ship itself would soon strain to pieces if the weather
continued so. The sea, forcing its way through ports and
hawse-holes, had accumulated on the lower deck to such an extent
that it flooded the stoke-hole, so that the men could scarcely
remain at their posts. Everything went smashing and rolling about.
One plunge put all the electrical instruments _hors de combat_ at a
blow, and staved some barrels of strong solution of sulphate of
copper, which went cruising about, turning all it touched to a
light pea-green. By and by she began to ship seas. Water came down
the ventilators near the funnel into the engine-room.
[Illustration: FIG. 27.--The Agamemnon Storm: Coals Adrift.]
Then a tremendous sea struck her forward, drenching those on deck,
and leaving them up to their knees in water, and the least versed
on board could see that things were fast going to the bad unless a
change took place in the weather or the condition of the ship. Of
the first there seemed little chance. The weather certainly showed
no disposition to clear--on the contrary, livid-looking black
clouds seemed to be closing round the vessel faster and faster than
ever. For the relief of the ship three courses were open to Captain
Preedy--one, to wear round and try her on the starboard tack, as he
had been compelled to do the day before; another, to fairly run for
it before the wind; and, third and last, to endeavor to lighten the
vessel by getting some of the cable overboard. Of course the latter
would not have been thought of till the first two had been tried
and failed--in fact, not till it was evident that nothing else
could save the ship. Against wearing round there was the danger of
her again falling off into the trough of the sea, losing her masts,
shifting her upper-deck coil, and so finding her way to the bottom
in ten minutes, while to attempt running before the storm with such
a sea on was to risk her stern being stove in, and a hundred tons
of water added to her burden with each wave that came up afterward,
till the poor Agamemnon went under them all for ever. A little
after ten o'clock on Monday, the 21st, the aspect of affairs was so
alarming that Captain Preedy resolved at all risks to try wearing
the ship round on the other tack. It was hard enough to make the
words of command audible, but to execute them seemed almost
impossible. The ship's head went round enough to leave her
broadside on to the seas, and then for a time it seemed as if
nothing could be done. All the rolls which she had ever given on
the previous day seemed mere trifles compared with her performances
then. Of more than 200 men on deck, at least 150 were thrown down,
and falling over from side to side in heaps, while others, holding
on to the ropes, swung to and fro with every heave. It really
appeared as if the last hour of the stout ship had come, and to
this minute it seems almost miraculous that her masts held on. Each
time she fell over her main chains went deep under water. The lower
decks were flooded, and those above could hear by the fearful
crashing--audible amid the hoarse roar of the storm--that the coals
had got loose again below, and had broken into the engine-room, and
were carrying all before them. During these rolls the main-deck
coil shifted over to such a degree as quite to envelop four men,
who, sitting on the top, were trying to wedge it down with beams.
One of them was so much jammed by the mass which came over him that
he was seriously contused. He had to be removed to the sick-bay,
making up the sick-list to forty-five, of which ten were from
injuries caused by the rolling of the ship, and very many of the
rest from continual fatigue and exposure during the gale. Once
round on the starboard tack, and it was seen in an instant that the
ship was in no degree relieved by the change. Another heavy sea
struck her forward, sweeping clean over the fore part of the vessel
and carrying away the woodwork and platforms which had been placed
there round the machinery for underrunning. This and a few more
plunges were quite sufficient to settle the matter, and at last,
reluctantly, Captain Preedy succumbed to the storm he could neither
conquer nor contend against. Full steam was got on, and with a
foresail and a fore-topsail to lift her head the Agamemnon ran
before the storm, rolling and tumbling over the huge waves at a
tremendous pace. It was well for all that the wind gave this much
way on her, or her stern would infallibly have been stove in. As it
was, a wave partly struck her on the starboard quarter, smashing
the quarter-galley and ward-room windows on that side, and sending
such a sea into the ward-room itself as to literally wash two
officers off a sofa on which they were resting on that side of the
ship. This was a kind of parting blow; for the glass began to rise,
and the storm was evidently beginning to moderate, and although the
sea still ran as high as ever there was less broken water, and
altogether, toward midday, affairs assumed a better and more
cheerful aspect. The ward-room that afternoon was a study for an
artist, with its windows halfdarkened and smashed, the sea-water
still slushing about in odd corners, with everything that was
capable of being broken strewn over the floor in pieces, and some
fifteen or twenty officers, seated amid the ruins, holding on to
the deck or table with one hand, while with the other they
contended at a disadvantage with a tough meal--the first which most
had eaten for twenty-four hours. Little sleep had been indulged in
though much "lolloping about." Those, however, who prepared
themselves for a night's rest in their berths rather than at the
ocean bottom, had great difficulty in finding their day-garments of
a morning. The boots especially went astray, and got so hopelessly
mixed that the man who could "show up" with both pairs of his own
was, indeed, a man to be congratulated.
But all things have an end, and this long gale--of over a week's
duration--at last blew itself out, and the weary ocean rocked
itself to rest.
Throughout the whole of Monday the Agamemnon ran before the wind,
which moderated so much that at 4 A.M. on Tuesday her head was
again put about, and for the second time she commenced beating up
for the rendezvous, then some 200 miles farther from us than when
the storm was at its height on Sunday morning. So little was gained
against this wind that Friday the 25th--sixteen days after leaving
Plymouth--still found us some fifty miles from the rendezvous. So
it was determined to get up steam and run down on it at once. As we
approached the place of meeting the angry sea went down. The
Valorous hove in sight at noon; in the afternoon the Niagara came
in from the north; and at even the Gorgon from the south: and then,
almost for the first time since starting, the squadron was reunited
near the spot where the great work was to have commenced fifteen
days previously--as tranquil in the middle of the Atlantic as if in
Plymouth Sound.