[1] J. Jacobs, _Jews of Angevin England_, 43–4; 64–5.
[2] Cf. the account of the litigation of Richard of Anesty in
Palgrave’s _Rise and Progress of the English Commonwealth_, Vol. II.
(Proofs and Illustrations), pp. xxiv.–xxvii.
[3] See Jewries of Oxford and Winchester, in the plans in Norgate’s
_England under Angevin Kings_, I., pp. 31, 40; and Jewry of London,
described in _Papers of Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition_, pp. 20–52.
[4] _Chronica Rogeri de Hoveden_ (Rolls Series) II., 261; _Gesta
Henrici II. et Ricardi I._ (Rolls Series), I. 279.
[5] _Gesta Henrici II. et Ricardi I._ (R. S.), I. 182; _Chronica Rogeri
de Hoveden_ (R. S.), II. 137.
[6] Depping, _Les Juifs dans le Moyen Age_, 170; Jacobs’ _The Jews of
Angevin England_, 54, 178; _Statutes of the Realm_ (Edition of 1810),
I. 202 (Judicium Pillorie) and 203 (Statutum de Pistoribus). See also
_Leet Jurisdiction in Norwich_ (Selden Society, 1891), p. 28, where, in
a list of amercements inflicted at the Leet of Nedham and Manecroft,
the following entry occurs:--“De Johanne le Pastemakere quia vendidit
Carnes quas Judei vocant trefa, 2s.”
[7] Mansi, _Sacrorum Conciliorum Collectio_, Venice, 1775, XX. 399;
Wilkins, _Concilia Magnae Britanniae_, I. 591, 675, 719; _Gesta Henrici
II. et Ricardi I._ (R. S.), I. 230. _Chronica Rogeri de Hoveden_
(R. S.), II. 180.
[8] Cf. the words of John’s Charter: “Libertates et consuetudines sicut
eas habuerunt tempore Henrici avi patris nostri.”--_Rotuli Chartarum_,
p. 93.
[9] _Recueil des Historiens des Croisades--Historiens Occidentaux_
(Paris, 1866), III. 321, 727. Cf. especially (p. 727), Altaria suis
foeditatibus inquinata subvertunt, Christianos circumcidunt, cruoremque
circumcisionis aut super altaria fundunt aut in vasis baptisterii
immergunt (Roberti Monachi, _Historia Iherosolimitana_).
[10] Neubauer and Stern, _Hebräische Berichte über
die Judenverfolgungen während der Kreuzzüge_; Hefele,
_Conciliengeschichte_, V., 224, 270; Graetz, _Geschichte der Juden_
(second edition) VI., 89–107.
[11] C. U. Hahn, _Geschichte der Ketzer im Mittelalter_, III. 17.
[12] Graetz, _Geschichte der Juden_ (second edition), VI., 155–170. Cf.
Hefele, V., 498, _n._ 2.
[13] Jacobs, _Op. Cit._, 20, 257.
[14] _Historia et Cartularium Monasterii S. Petri Gloucestriae_
(R. S.), I., 21; _Chronica Jocelini de Brakelonda_ (Camden Society),
12, 113–14; _Annales Monastici_ (R. S.), I., 343, II., 347; Matt.
Paris, _Chronica Majora_ (R. S.), IV., 377, V., 518; Jacobs’ _Jews of
Angevin England_, 19; and cf. _Chronicles of Reigns of Stephen, Henry
II., Richard I._ (Rolls Series), I., 311.
[15] _Materials for History of Thomas Becket_ (Rolls Series), IV. 148;
Jacobs, _Jews of Angevin England_, 43, 155.
[16] Cf. the protection given to Jews of Norwich by the Sheriff
(Jacobs, 257).
[17] _Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II., and Richard I._
(Rolls Series), I. 294–9.
[18] Radulfi de Diceto, _Opera Historica_ (R.S.), II. 75–6. Jacobs,
_Jews of Angevin England_, 176; _Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen,
Henry II., and Richard I._ (Rolls Series), I. 309–10, 312–322.
[19] _Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II., and Richard I._
(R.S.) I. 323–4.
[20] Jacobs, _Jews of Angevin England_, pp. 91–6; Gervase of Canterbury
(R.S.) I. 422.
[21] Enormous wealth was possessed by Abraham fil Rabbi, Jurnet of
Norwich and Aaron of Lincoln. Jacobs, _Op. Cit._, 44, 64, 84, 90, 91.
[22] Rymer, _Fœdera_ I. 51.
[23] _Chronica Rogeri de Hoveden_ (R.S.), III. 266–7.
[24] _Chronicon Johannis Brompton_ in Twysden’s _Historiæ Anglicanæ
Scriptores_ X., col. 1258.
[25] _Rotuli Chartarum_ (Record Commission), p. 93.
[26] Tovey, _Anglia Judaica_, 81.
[27] _Gesta Henrici II. et Ricard. I._ (R.S.), II. 218; M. Paris,
_Chronica Majora_ (R.S.) II. 381, and Jacobs, 162–4.
[28] Jacobs, 222, 228–30, 239–40.
[29] _Ibid._, 328.
[30] Jacobs, 222.
[31] M. Paris, _Chronica Majora_ (R.S.) II. 528; _Annales Monastici_
(R.S.) I. 29, II. 264, III. 32, 451; _Chronicles of Lanercost_
(Maitland Club), p. 7.
[32] M. Paris, _Chronica Majora_ II., 528.
[33] Depping, _Les Juifs dans le Moyen Age_, 185.
[34] Bouquet, _Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France_,
xvii. 9.
[35] Depping, _Les Juifs dans le Moyen Age_, 59, 60, 185, 194. Cf.
_Rotuli Chartarum_, I. 75 (_Carta Willielmi Marescalli, de quodam
Judaeo apud Cambay_).
[36] Tovey, _Anglia Judaica_, 78–9.
[37] Stamford was an exception in this respect, Madox, _Firma Burgi_ p.
182.
[38] Et Judæi non intrabunt in placitum nisi coram nobis aut coram
illis, qui turres nostras custodierint in quorum ballivis Judæi
manserint, _Rot. Chart._, 93.
[39] Cutts, _Colchester_, 123; Tovey, _Anglia J._, 50; _Forty-Seventh
Report of Deputy-Keeper of Public Records_, 306; Lyte, _History of
the University of Oxford_, 59; _Papers of Anglo-Jewish Historical
Exhibition_, 35–6; _De Antiquis Legibus Liber_ (Camden Soc.), p.
16, (A.D. 1249, Nam rex concessit quod Judei qui antea warantizati
fuerunt per breve de scaccario, de cetero placitassent coram civibus
de tenementis suis in Londoniis). _Chronica Jocelini de Brakelonda_
(Camden Soc.), p. 2, (Venit Judeus portans literas domini regis de
debito sacristæ).
[40] Cp. _Chronica Monasterii de Melsa_ (R.S.), I., 177. Interea
mortuus est Aaron Judæus Lincolniæ, de quo jam dictum est, et compulsi
sumus, regis edicto totum quod illi debuimus pro Willielmo Fossard
infra breve tempus domino regi persolvere.
[41] Rymer, _Fœdera_, I., 89.
[42] _Calendar of Patent Rolls from 1281 to 1292_, p. 15; Tovey,
_Anglia Judaica_, 77, 78, 79.
[43] Tovey, 101; _Norfolk Antiquarian Miscellany_, I., 326.
[44] _Annales Monastici_ (Rolls Series), iv. 91.
[45] Especially irritating must have been the fact that the one
restriction on the business of Jews, as money-lenders, was the order
that forbade them to take in pledge the land of tenants on the royal
demesne. W. Prynne, _The Second Part of a Short Demurrer to the Jews’
long discontinued remitter_, etc., London, 1656, p. 35; _Norfolk
Antiquarian Miscellany_, I. 328.
[46] _Chronica Jocelini de Brakelonda_ (Camden Society), p. 33.
[47] Thompson, _Leicester_, 72; Madox, _Hist. of Exchequer_, I. 260,
notes O and P; J. E. Blunt, _Establishment and Residence of Jews in
England_, 45; Papers Anglo-J. H. Ex. 190; Prynne, _The Second Part of
a Short Demurrer_, etc., p. 37; _Norfolk Antiquarian Miscellany_, I.
326, (De Judeis dicebant quod major multitudo manet in civitate sua
quam solebat, et quod Judei qui aliis locis dissainati (_sic_) fuerunt
venerunt ibidem manere ad dampnum civitatis).
[48] Prynne, _The Second Part of a Short Demurrer_, etc., p. 75; Madox,
_History of the Exchequer_, I. 249: Et quod nullus Judaeus receptetur
in aliqua villa sine speciali licentia Regis, nisi in villis illis in
quibus Judaei manere consueverunt.
[49] Jacobs, _Jews of Angevin England_, 269–271.
[50] M. Paris, _Chronica Majora_, V. 245. Cf. the article in the
Constitutions enacted by Walter de Cantilupe, Bishop of Worcester, at
his diocesan synod in 1240: Quia vero parum refert, an quis per se vel
per alium incidat in crimen usurarum, prohibemus ne quis Christianus
Judæo pecuniam committat, ut eam Judæus simulate suo nomine proprio
mutuet ad usuram. Wilkins, _Magnæ Britanniæ Concilia_, I. 675, 676.
Stubbs, _Select Charters_, 385–6.
[51] For the nature and duration of the earlier struggle between the
king and the barons, see Stubbs, _Constitutional History of England_
(Library Edition), II., 40, 44, 63, 67, 69–77. For the king’s acts of
extortion from the Jews, see Matthew Paris, _Chronica Majora_, III.,
194, 543; IV., 88; V., 114, 274, 441, 487; Madox, _History of the
Exchequer_, I., 224–5, 229; Prynne, _Second Part of a Short Demurrer_,
40, 48, 66, 70, 75, 57. For the appointment by the Council of one
Justice of the Jews, M. Paris, _Chronica Majora_, iv. 367.
[52] Stubbs, _Select Charters_, 385–6.
[53] _Annales Monastici_, II. 101, 363, 371, III. 230, IV. 141,
142, 145, 449, 450; _Liber de Antiquis Legibus_ (Camden Society),
62; _Chronicle of Pierre de Langtoft_ (R. S.), II., 151; _Chronicle
of William de Rishanger_ (Camden Society), 24, 25, 126; _Florentii
Wigorniensis Chronicon ex Chronicis_ (English Historical Society), II.
192.
[54] Tout, _Edward I._, 13, 39.
[55] Palgrave, _Rotuli Curiæ Regis_ (Record Commission), II., 62
(Judaei habeant seisinam); _Gesta abbatum Monasterii S. Albani_
(R. S.), I., 401; _Placitorum Abbreviatio_ (Record Commission), p. 58;
Jacobs, pp. 90, 234.
[56] _Chronicles of the Abbey of Melsa_ (Rolls Series), I., 173, 174,
306, 367, 374, 377; II., 55, 109, 116; _Archæological Journal_, vol.
38, pp. 189, 190, 191, 192.
[57] Blunt, _Establishment and Residence of the Jews in England_, 136;
Prynne, _Second Part of a Short Demurrer_, p. 105.
[58] A very long list of landowners indebted to the Jews could be
extracted from Madox, _History of Exchequer_, Vol. I., p. 227, _sq._
Cf. Prynne, _Second Part_, etc., pp. 96, 98, 106; _Calendar of Patent
Rolls from 1281 to 1292_, p. 25.
[59] _Gesta Henrici II._ (R. S.), I., 106; _Giraldi Cambrensis Opera_
(R. S.), VII., 36; _Cronica Jocelini de Brakelonda_ (Camden Soc.), p. 2.
[60] III., 328.
[61] V. 189.
[62] _Letters of John of Peckham_ (Rolls Series), I., 20, 156.
[63] _Ibid._, I., 203.
[64] _Ibid._, I., 341.
[65] _Ibid._, I., 177, 187.
[66] Roberts, _Excerpta e Rot. Finium_ (Record Commission), II., 68.
[67] _Letters of John of Peckham_, I., 261.
[68] _Ibid._, I., 380.
[69] _Ibid._, I., 194.
[70] _Obedientiary Rolls of S. Swithin’s, Winchester_ (Hampshire Record
Society), 1892, pp. 10, 18.
[71] _Letters of John of Peckham_, I., 244; Kitchin, _Winchester_, 55;
_Obedientiary Rolls of S. Swithin’s_, pp. 22, 25.
[72] Cf. _Letters of John of Peckham_, I., 542.
[73] Tovey, _Anglia Judaica_, 175–7.
[74] _Gesta Abbatum Monasterii S. Albani_ (Rolls Series), I. 401;
_Placitorum Abbreviatio_ (Record Commission), p. 58, col. 2.
[75] _De Antiquis Legibus Liber_ (Camden Society), 234 _sq._
[76] Hefele, _Conciliengeschichte_, V., 1028.
[77] _Annales Monastici_ (R.S.), IV., 221.
[78] Blunt, _Establishment and Residence_, etc., 134–9.
[79] Stubbs, _Constitutional History_, II., 116.
[80] Ashley, _Economic History and Theory_, I., 126–32, 148–50.
[81] Hefele, _Conciliengeschichte_, V., 175.
[82] _Ibid._, 438–441.
[83] Jacobs, _The Jews of Angevin England_, 23.
[84] _Corpus Juris Canonici_ (Leipzig, 1839), II., 786.
[85] Raumer, _Geschichte der Hohenstaufen und ihrer Zeit_, III., 581.
[86] Endemann. _Studien in der Romanisch-Kanonistischen Wirthschafts-
und Rechtslehre_, I., 16–18. Stintzing, _Geschichte der Populären
Literatur des Römisch-Canonischen Rechts_.
[87]
E pero lo minor giron suggella,
Del segno suo e Sodoma e Caorsa.
_Inferno_, XI. 49, 50.
[88] _Monumenta Franciscana_ (Rolls Series), XLV., L., 10, 38–9, 61.
[89] Macpherson, _Annals of Commerce_, I., 399–400.
[90] M. Paris, _Chronica Majora_, V., 245.
[91] _Ibid._, III., 48.
[92] _Ibid._, III., 332–3.
[93] _Ibid._, IV., 8.
[94] M. Paris, _Historia Anglorum_, III., 104.
[95] Ashley, _Economic History and Theory_, I. 150; Labbeus,
_Sacrosancta Concilia_, xi. 991, 2.
[96] Depping, _Les Juifs dans le Moyen Age_, 202, 207; Muratori,
_Antiquitates Italicæ Medii Aevi_, I. 899, 900; _Ninth Report of the
Historical Manuscripts Commission_, p. 14 (No. 264).
[97] _Forty-fourth Report of Deputy-Keeper of Public Records_, pp. 8,
9, 72; _The Question whether a Jew_, etc., by a Gentleman of Lincoln’s
Inn (London, 1753), Appendix, § 18.
[98] Jacobs, 328.
[99] _Papers Anglo-Jewish Hist. Exhibition_, 195.
[100] Stubbs’ _Constitutional History_, II. 601.
[101] Rymer, _Foedera_, I. 489. Cf. _Jewish Chronicle_ for April 26,
1895, p. 19, col. 2.
[102] _Chronicles Ed. I. and II._ (ed. Stubbs), Vol. I., p. C. Cf.
_Forty-second Report of Deputy-Keeper of Public Records_, p. 479 (At
the beginning of his reign Edward says, in his writs to the sheriffs,
“Pecuniæ plurimum indigemus”). _Forty-third Report_, 419.
[103] Muratori, _Antiquitates Italicæ Medii Aevi_ (Dissertatio XVI);
Depping, _Les Juifs dans le Moyen Age_, 213–6; Rymer, _Foedera_, I.,
644.
[104] Macpherson, _Annals of Commerce_, I. 405, 6; and see Peruzzi,
_Storia del Commercio e dei Banchieri di Firenze_, 170.
[105] Peruzzi, 169; _Archaeologia_, xxviii. 218, 219.
[106] Muratori, _Antiquitates Italicæ Medii Aevi_, I. 889.
[107] _Archaeologia_, xxviii. 221; Cunningham, _Growth of English
Industry and Commerce, Early and Middle Ages_, Appendix D; Peruzzi,
_Storia del Commercio_, 70.
[108] Rymer, _Foedera_, I. 660, 823, 905.
[109] _Archaeologia_, xxviii. 261–272.
[110] Rymer, _Foedera_, I. 644, 788.
[111] Peruzzi, 174.
[112] _Archaeologia_, xxviii. 244–5.
[113] _Ibid._, 231, Note 1.
[114] Peruzzi, 172–5.
[115] _The Question whether a Jew_, etc. Appendix, § 18. Prynne, _A
Short Demurrer_, 58.
[116] Blunt, _Establishment and Residence_, etc., 139–144.
[117] Thomas Aquinas, _Opusculum_, XXI. (_Ad Ducissam Brabantiae_ in
Vol. XIX. of the Venice edition, 1775–88.)
[118] M. Paris, _Chronica Majora_, V. 361, 2.
[119] Blunt, _Establishment and Residence_, etc., 141.
[120] This is the number of those who left the country in 1290. _Flores
Historiarum_ (Rolls Series), iii. 70. Probably the number of those in
the country in 1275 was about the same.
[121] Gross, _The Gild Merchant_, I. 38.
[122] _Ibid._, I., 39–40.
[123] _Ibid._, II., 68, 138, 214, 243, 257.
[124] One Jew alone is known to have become a member of a Gild
during the residence of the Jews in England before 1290. He became a
citizen at the same time. His election took place in 1268 (Kitchin’s
_Winchester--Historic Towns Series_, p. 108). After 1275 it would have
been illegal.
[125] Gross, _The Gild Merchant_, I. 41.
[126] Gross. _The Gild Merchant_, I. 45, 46, 47.
[127] _Liber Custumarum_ (Rolls Series), 215.
[128] Ochenkowski, _Englands Wirthschaftliche Entwickelung im Ausgange
des Mittelalters_, 51–4.
[129] _Liber Custumarum_ (Rolls Series) 80–81, 101–2, 121; _Liber
Albus_ (Rolls Series), 726, 734. Riley, _Memorials of London_, 179.
[130] Johnson, _Customs of Hereford_, 115–6.
[131] _Liber Custumarum_, 418–425.
[132] _Liber Custumarum_, 78, 81, 124. Riley, _Memorials of London_,
179, 216.
[133] _Liber Custumarum_, 79, Ochenkowski, _Op. Cit._, 64.
[134] Stubbs, _Select Charters_, 470.
[135] Jacobs, 116.
[136] Walsingham, _Historia Anglicana_ (Rolls Series), I. 30.
[137] M. Paris, _Chronica Majora_, v. 56–8.
[138] Ochenkowski, _Englands wirthschaftliche Entwickelung_, 157.
[139] Cunningham, _Growth of English Industry and Commerce, Early and
Middle Ages_, 175.
[140] _Liber Custumarum_ (Rolls Series), xxxiv.–xlviii., 61–72; _Liber
Albus_, xcv., xcvi., 287; Macpherson, _Annals of Commerce_, I. 388–9.
[141] _Liber Custumarum_ and _Liber Albus_, as referred to in preceding
note: Cunningham, _Growth of English Industry and Commerce, Early
and Middle Ages_, 181–6; Ochenkowski, _Englands wirthschaftliche
Entwickelung_, 180; _Calendar of State Papers (Venetian)_, lx.–lxix.;
Peruzzi, _Storia dei Banchieri e del Commercio di Firenze_, 70.
[142] Cunningham, _Growth_, etc., 185; Macpherson, _Annals of
Commerce_, pp. 415, 481; _Calendar of State Papers (Venetian)_,
lxvi.–lxvii.
[143] Jacobs, 66–7; _Archæological Journal_, xxxviii. 179.
[144] This was the procedure adopted by the Italians: They paid down a
sum as earnest-money, and then took a bond (Peruzzi, 70). Cf. Tovey,
207.
[145] For pledges still unredeemed, land still in the hands of the Jews
and old debts still unpaid long after the Statutes of 1270–1275 had
been passed, see MSS. in Public Record Office (_Queen’s Remembrancer’s
Miscellanea_, 557, 13–23); Rymer, I. 570; John of Peckham, I. 937;
_Calendar of Patent Rolls_, 1281–1292, p. 81; Prynne, _Second
Demurrer_, pp. 74 and 80 (=154).
[146] Labbeus, _Sacrosancta Concilia_, XI. 649–50.
[147] Vinogradoff, _Villeinage in England_, 179, 307.
[148] M. Paris, V. 245; Wilkins, _Conc._, I. 675; _De Antiq. Legibus_,
234 sq. (Archbishop of York’s remarks on the corruption of the Great
Council and on the _fautores_ of Jews.)
[149] M. Paris, _Chronica Majora_, V. 404–5.
[150] Muratori, _Antiquitates Italicæ Medii Aevi_, I., 893.
[151] _Rotuli Parliamentorum_, I. 1, 2.
[152] “The Debts and Houses of the Jews of Hereford,” in _Transactions
of the Jewish Historical Society of England_, vol. I.
[153] _Royal Letters_ (Rolls Series), II. 24.
[154] _Leet Jurisdiction of Norwich_ (Selden Society), p. 10; Cf.
_Ancren Riwle_ (Camden Society), 395. “Do not men account him a good
friend who layeth his pledge in _Jewry_ to redeem his companion?”
[155] Rymer, _Foedera_, I. 503, 634; _Papers of the Anglo-Jewish
Historical Exhibition_, 187–190.
[156] _Norfolk Antiquarian Miscellany_, I. 326, quoted _supra_, p. 20
(_n._ 3).
[157] _Calendar of Patent Rolls_, 1281–1292, p. 98; _Papers
Anglo-Jewish Hist. Ex._ 167.
[158] See _Dictionary of Political Economy_, Article JEWS, (House for
Converted).
[159] _Chronica Majora_, V. 15.
[160] _Annales Monastici_ (Rolls Series), II. 339.
[161] M. Paris, _Chronica Majora_, V. 15, 16.
[162] Ruding, _Annals of the Coinage_, I. 179.
[163] Ashley, _Economic Hist., Theory_, I. 169.
[164] Ashley, I., 215, n. 95; cf. Jacobs, 73 and 225.
[165] _Annales Monastici_ (Rolls Series), IV. 278.
[166] _Annales Monastici_, IV. 278; _Liber Custumarum_, 189.
[167] John of Peckham, _Registrum Epistolarum_ (Rolls Series), I. 22.
[168] _Annales Monastici_, III. 295.
[169] _Historia Anglorum_, III. 76.
[170] Tovey, 109; Madox, _History of the Exchequer_ I. 245, z.
[171] M. Paris, _Chronica Majora_, IV. 608.
[172] _Ibid._, V., 16.
[173] _Annales Monastici_, IV. 278.
[174] _Calendar of Patent Rolls from 1281 to 1292_, 128, 147, 173, 176,
213, 291, 451; _Chron. Ed. I._, I. 93; _Rotuli Parliamentorum_, I. 51a;
Rymer, _Fœdera_, I., 570.
[175] _Papers Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition_, 42–3.
[176] Tovey, 211–13.
[177] _Chronicles of Edward I. and Edward II._ (Rolls Series), I., 88;
_Chronicon Petroburgense_ (Camden Society), 29.
[178] “Whereas in the time of our ancestors, kings of England, loans at
interest were wont and were allowed to be made by Jews of our kingdom,
and much of such profits fell into the hands of those our ancestors,
as the issues of our Jewry; and we, led on by the love of God, and
wishing to follow more devoutly in the path of the Holy Church, did
forbid unto all the Jews of our kingdom who had viciously lived from
such loans, that none of them henceforth in any manner be guilty of
resorting to loans at interest, but that they seek their living and
sustain themselves by other legitimate work and merchandise, especially
since by the favour of Holy Church they are suffered to sell and live
among Christians. Nevertheless, afterwards, in a blind and evil spirit,
turning to evil, under colour of merchandise and good contracts and
covenants, what we established by rational thought, premeditating
mischief anew, they do it with Christians by means of bonds and divers
instruments, which remain with the Jews, and in which, on a given debt
or contract, they put double, treble, or quadruple more than they lend
to the Christians [this reads like an exaggeration], penally abusing
the name of usury....” (_Papers Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition_,
225–6).
[179] For Coining, see Ruding, _Annals of the Coinage_ I. 197;
_Calendar of Patent Rolls from 1281 to 1292_, 97; _Abbreviatio
Rotulorum Originalium_ (Record Commission), 49; Peckham, _Registrum
Epistolarum_, I. 146. For Usury, _Forty-fourth Report of the
Deputy-Keeper of the Public Records_, pp. 8 and 9; _Archæologia_,
XXVIII., 227–9; Peckham, II., 542; and for a later period, _Rotuli
Parliamentorum_, II. 332_a_, (VII.) 350_b_.
[180] _Papers of Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition_, p. 192 (note 54)
and p. 222.
[181] _Papers of Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition_, pp. 224–9.
[182] See the Decrees of the Third Lateran Council of 1179, Mansi,
_Concilia_, XXII., 231.
[183] St. Anselm, _Epistolæ_, III., 117 (Migne, _Patrologiæ Cursus
Completus_, Vol. 159, columns 153–155); Gilbert of Westminster,
_Disputatio Judaici cum Christiano_ (_Ibid._ 1005–1036).
[184] _Chronicles of Stephen, Henry II., and Richard I._ (Rolls
Series), I., 310 (among the victims of the massacre at Lynn in 1190
was _quidam Judæus, insignis medicus, qui et artis et modestiæ suæ
gratia Christianis quoque familiaris et honorabilis fuerat_); _Gervase
of Canterbury_ (Rolls Series), I., 405. (The Jews help the monks of
Canterbury in their struggle with the Archbishop in 1188); _Rotuli
Litterarum Clausarum_ (Record Commission), I., 20_b_. (_Rex, &c.,
domino Lincolniensi Episcopo, &c.; mandamus vobis quod non permittatis
injuste catalle Judæorum receptari in ecclesiis in diocesi vestra_,
February 28th, 1205); _Chronica Jocelini de Brakelonde_ (Camden
Society), p. 33. (A.D. 1190, _Abbas jussit solempniter excommunicari
illos qui de cetero receptarent Judeos vel in hospicio reciperent in
villa Santi Ædmundi_); Jacobs, _The Jews of Angevin England_, 269.
(“_English Jews drink with Gentiles._”)
[185] Moeller, _History of the Christian Church, Middle Ages_ (Eng.
Tr.). p. 279.
[186] Mansi, _Concilia_, XXII. 231.
[187] Letters of Innocent (Migne, _Patrologiæ Cursus Completus_,
Vols. 214–217); Lib. VII., 186; Lib. VIII., 50, 121; Lib. X., 61,
190; _Corpus Juris Canonici_ (Leipzig, 1839), II., 747–8; Graetz,
_Geschichte der Juden_, VII., 7, 8; Depping, _Les Juifs dans le
Moyen Age_, 183; Hahn, _Geschichte der Ketzer_, III., 6, 7; Hurter,
_Geschichte Papst Innocenz des Dritten_, II., 234; Güdemann,
_Geschichte des Erziehungswesens, u.s.w._, I., 37; Rule, _History of
the Inquisition_, I. 10, 17.
[188] Graetz, _Geschichte der Juden_, VII., 27.
[189] _Revue des Etudes Juives_, I. 247, 293; II. 248; III. 39; Noel
Valois, _Guillaume d’Auvergne_, pp. 118, 137.
[190] _Histoire Littéraire de la France_, XXVII., 562–3; Graetz,
_Geschichte_, VII., 131, 135.
[191] Graetz, _Geschichte der Juden_, VII., 135; J. Jacobs, _Inquiry
into the Sources of the History of the Jews in Spain_, xviii., 18.
[192] _Scriptores Ordinis Prædicatorum_ (Quétif and Echard), I., 246,
396, 398, 594.
[193] Thomas Aquinas, _Summa Theologiæ_, Secunda Secundæ, Quæstio X.
[194] Baronius, _Annales Ecclesiastici_ (ed. Theiner), XIII., 87.
[195] _Revue des Etudes Juives_, VI. 81; VII. 94.
[196] Mansi, _Concilia_, XXIII., 1174–6; Martène, _Thesaurus_, IV., 769.
[197] Depping, 198; Hahn, _Geschichte der Ketzer_, III., 13; Rule,
_History of the Inquisition_, 27, 80, 81, 91, 332, 335–6.
[198] _Supra_, p. 53.
[199] _Supra_, pp. 12, 13, 19.
[200] Wilkins, _Magnæ Britanniæ Concilia_, I., 591; Tovey, _Anglia
Judaica_, 83; Rye, _History of Norfolk_, 87.
[201] Wilkins, _Magnæ Britanniæ Concilia_, I., 657, 693, 719; _Letters
of Bishop Grosseteste_ (Rolls Series), 318.
[202] Matthew Paris, _Chronica Majora_, III., 262.
[203] Tovey, _Anglia Judaica_, 148.
[204] Rymer, _Fœdera_, I., 743.
[205] Tout, _Edward I._, pp. 69, 149.
[206] John of Peckham, _Registrum Epistolarum_ (Rolls Series), I., 239;
II., 407; III., 937; Wilkins, _Magnæ Britanniæ Concilia_, II., 88–9;
Prynne, _Second Demurrer_, 121–2.
[207] _Household Roll of Bishop Swinfield_ (Camden Society), pp. c., ci.
[208] Graetz, _Geschichte der Juden_, VII., note 11. _Florence of
Worcester_ (English Historical Society), II., 214.
[209] Tovey, _Anglia Judaica_, 168.
[210] _Forty-ninth Report of the Deputy-Keeper of the Public Records_,
p. 187.
[211] _Forty-seventh Report of the Deputy-Keeper of the Public
Records_, p. 306.
[212] _Dictionary of Political Economy_, Article, “Jews (House for
Converted).”
[213] Tovey, _Anglia Judaica_, 208.
[214] _Forty-ninth Report of the Deputy-Keeper of the Public Records_,
p. 95; Rymer, I., 576; Madox, _Exchequer_, I., 259.
[215] Tovey, p. 208.
[216] Baronius, _Annales Ecclesiastici_ (ed. Theiner), XIII., 10, 11.
[217] _Revue des Etudes Juives_, I., 298.
[218] Rymer, I., 560–1.
[219] Edward left England in May, 1286. _Florence of Worcester_
(English Historical Society), II., 236.
[220] _Willelmi Rishanger Chronica et Annales_ (Rolls Series), 116;
_Flores Historiarum_ (Rolls Series), III., 70–71.
[221] _Forty-second Report of the Deputy-Keeper of the Public Records_,
593; _Forty-fourth Report_, 109, 295; _Forty-fifth Report_, 72, 163;
_Forty-ninth Report_, 81; _Calendar of Patent Rolls from 1281 to 1292_,
62, 193; _Archæologia_, VI., 339; Madox, _History of the Exchequer_, I.
225 _w_; 230 _b_; 231 _l_; John of Peckham, _Registrum Epistolarum_,
II. 619; III., 937; Rogers, _Oxford City Documents_ (Oxford Historical
Society), 208, 219; Tovey, _Anglia Judaica_, 200.
[222] Graetz, _Geschichte der Juden_ (Second Edition), VII., note 11.
[223] _Chronicles of Edward I. and Edward II._ (Rolls Series), I., 97;
_The Chronicle of Pierre de Langtoft_ (Rolls Series), II., 185–6.
[224] Tovey, _Anglia Judaica_, 240.
[225] _Bartholomæi de Cotton, Historia Anglicana_ (Rolls Series), p.
178.
[226] Tovey, _Anglia Judaica_, 240–2.
[227] _Ib._ 241; _Calendar of Patent Rolls from 1281 to 1292_, 378,
381, 382.
[228] _Calendar of Patent Rolls_, 379.
[229] _Ib._ 384.
[230] _Ib._ 232.
[231] Walter of Hemingburgh, _Chronicon_ (English Historical Society),
I., 21, 22; Bartholomæus Cotton, _Historia Anglicana_ (Rolls Series),
178; _Annales Monastici_, III., 362, IV., 327.
[232] _Opus Chronicorum_ in _Chronicles of S. Albans, J. de Trokelowe,
etc., Annales_ (Rolls Series), 57.
[233] Laurière, _Ordonnances des Rois de la France_, I., 317.
[234] _Fortieth Report of Deputy-Keeper of Public Records_, p. 474.
[235] _Revue des Etudes Juives_, Vol. I., pp. 66, 67, 69.
[236] Graetz, VII., 267.
[237] _Ibid._, 155.
[238] Langtoft, II., 189; Hemingburgh, II., 21; Madox, _Exch._, I., 261.
[239] Johnson, _Customs of Hereford_, p. 100; Madox, _Firma Burgi_,
12, 19, 23. I am not at all confident of the accuracy of Mr. Johnson’s
statement, on which the latter half of this sentence is founded.
Certainly some of the houses of the Jews of Hereford, Winchester, and
Ipswich, were granted away by the king (_Lansdowne MSS._, British
Museum, Vol. 826, part 5, Transcript 4), _Rotuli Originalium_ (Record
Commission), I., 73_b_–76_a_.
[240] _Papers Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition_, p. 230.
[241] _Rotuli Parliamentorum_, I., 346_b_; II., 8_a_, 402_a_; _Statutes
of Realm, 1 Ed. III._, Stat. 2, § 3.
[242] Tovey, 235; Prynne, _Second Demurrer_, 127; _Papers, Anglo-Jewish
Historical Exhibition_, 21.
[243] A list, not quite complete, of the houses belonging to the
expelled Jews is contained in the Manuscript known as _Q. R.
Miscellanea_: “Jews,” No. 557, 9 and 11 (Public Record Office). A list
of persons who received from the King grants of Jews’ houses, to hold
at a nominal rental, is printed in _Rotulorum Originalium Abbreviatio_
(Record Commission) pp. 73a-76b, and the deeds of gift are copied in
full in _Lansdowne MSS._ (British Museum) Vol. 826, Part 5, Transcript
4. Nearly all the houses mentioned in _Q. R. Miscellanea_ are granted
away by deeds included in the _Rotuli Originalium_ and the Lansdowne
Transcript.
[244] Madox, _Exch._ I. 2, 248_h_, 258_i_, etc.; Tovey, 207; Prynne,
_2nd Demurrer_, 59, 76; Rymer, _Fœdera_, 523, 598.
[245] _Chronica Monasterii de Melsa_ (Rolls Series), II., 251–2.
_Annales Monastici_, III., 362; W. de Hemingburgh, _Chronicon_ (English
Historical Society) II., 22.
[246] Parliament was summoned for July 15th; see Parliamentary Paper
69, of 1878 (H. of C.) “Parliaments of England.” The writs ordering the
Expulsion were issued on July the 18th; see Tovey, 240.
[247] French Chronicler of London, in Riley’s _Chronicles of Old
London_, 242.
[248] _Annales Monastici_, II., 409.
[249] _Ib._, III., 361.
[250] W. de Hemingburgh, II., 20.
[251] _Chronicles of Edward I. and Edward II._ (Rolls Series) Vol. I.
99 (“Omnes Judæi ... _concedente_ Rege Edwardo ... exulantur”).
[252] _The Chronicle of Pierre Langtoft_ (Rolls Series), II., 187–89.
[253] Cum ... concesserimus Karissimæ matri nostrae Aleanorae Reginae
Angliae quod nullus Judaeus habitet vel moretur in quibuscunque villis
quas ipsa mater nostra habet in dotem.... _Papers of the Anglo-Jewish
Historical Exhibition_, pp. 187–8. _Forty-fourth Report of the Deputy
Keeper of the Public Records_, p. 6. Graetz, _Geschichte der Juden_
(Second edition), VII., note 11.
[254] Compare the treatment of the Flemings, who settled as weavers
in different towns of England soon after the Conquest, but had to
retreat to one district in Wales, where they lived under special royal
protection. Cunningham, _The Growth of English Industry and Commerce_,
176; and see Gross, _Gild Merchant_, II., 155–6.
[255] Jacobs, 14.
[256] _Ibid._, 107.
[257] _Historia Anglorum_, III., 76.
[258] _Ibid._, III., 103.
[259] _Chronicles of Edward I. and Edward II._ (Rolls Series),
_Commendatio Lamentabilis_, II., 14.
[260] M. Paris, _Chronica Majora_, V., 114; _Annales Monastici_, IV.,
503; _Gesta Abbatum Monasterii, S. Albani_ (Rolls Series), I., 471.
[261] _Annales Monastici_, IV., 91; _Norfolk Antiquarian Miscellany_,
I., 331; _Forty-fourth Report of the Deputy-Keeper of the Public
Records_, 188; _De Antiquis Legibus_, Camden Soc., 50; Tovey, 156;
Prynne, _Second Demurrer_, 118.
[262] Jacobs, 26.
[263] W. Rishanger, _Chronica et Annales_ (Rolls Series), p. 4.
[264] M. Paris, _Chronica Majora_, IV. 30, 31.
[265] Hahn, _Geschichte der Ketzer_, III., 35, n. 2.
[266] M. Paris, _Chronica Majora_, V. 517; _Annales Monastici_, I. 345.
[267] _Revue des Etudes Juives_, XVIII., 258; _East Anglian_, V. 10;
Jacobs, 88–9.
[268] Perrens, _Histoire de Florence_, III., 220–1, 226. Gregorovius,
_Gesch. der Stadt Rom._, V., 308.
[269] Thomas Aquinas, _Opusculum_, XXI.
[270] Güdemann, _Gesch. des Erziehungswesens_, etc., II., 287.
[271] Güdemann, II., 71; _Hist. Litt. de la France_, XXVII., 520.
[272] Graetz, VII., 97.
[273] _Ib._, 125–7.
[274] _Royal Letters_ (Rolls Series), II., 46; Madox, I., 257 _g_;
Rymer, _Fœdera_, I., 356.
[275] Jacobs, 269.
[276] JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW, IV., 12, 551; _Hist. Litt. de la
France_, 27, 485, 650, _sq._
[277] _Hist. Litt. de France_, XXVII., 27, 650, _sq._
[278] _Hist. Litt._, 435, 441, 462, 484, 487, 507, _sq._; JEWISH
QUARTERLY REVIEW, IV., 25.
[279] Jacobs, 286.
[280] _Archæological Journal_, XXVIII., 180.
[281] Cf. L. Zunz, _Die Synagogale Poesie des Mittelalters_, Berlin,
1856.
[282] Graetz, VII., 6.
[283] _Ibid._, VI.
[284] VII., 138; VII., 307–8; VII., 188–9.
[285] Benjamin of Tudela, trans. Asher, I., 163.
[286] See the Tables in Thorold Rogers’ _History of Agriculture and
Prices_ Vols. I. and II.
[287] Peruzzi, _Storia del Commercio e dei Banchieri de Firenze_, 175.
[288] Papers, _Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition_, p. 211.
[289] _Rotuli Parliamentorum_, II., 332–350.
[290] Graetz, VII., 101.
[291] J. de Trokelowe, etc., _Chronica et Annales_ (Rolls Series), 58;
Ruding, _Annals of the Coinage_ (Third Edition), I., 198–202.
[292] M. Paris, _Chronica Majora_, V., 441, 487.
[293] Graetz, VII., 264–7; Depping, 228–9.
[294] Graetz, VII., 181–8, 252.
[295] _Ibid._, 163–4, 318–20, 363.