X.

_PAUL'S STRIVING FOR THE COLOSSIANS._

"For I would have you know how greatly I strive for you, and for

them at Laodicea, and for as many as have not seen my face in the

flesh; that their hearts may be comforted, they being knit together

in love, and unto all riches of the full assurance of understanding,

that they may know the mystery of God, even Christ, in Whom are all

the treasures of wisdom and knowledge hidden."--COL. ii. 1-3 (Rev.

Ver.).

We have seen that the closing portion of the previous chapter is almost

exclusively personal. In this context the same strain is continued, and

two things are dwelt on: the Apostle's agony of anxiety for the

Colossian Church, and the joy with which, from his prison, he travelled

in spirit across mountain and sea, and saw them in their quiet valley,

cleaving to the Lord. The former of these feelings is expressed in the

words now before us; the latter, in the following verses.

All this long outpouring of self-revelation is so natural and

characteristic of Paul that we need scarcely look for any purpose in it,

and yet we may note with what consummate art he thereby prepares the way

for the warnings which follow. The unveiling of his own throbbing heart

was sure to work on the affections of his readers and to incline them to

listen. His profound emotion in thinking of the preciousness of his

message would help to make them feel how much was at stake, and his

unfaltering faith would give firmness to their less tenacious grasp of

the truth which, as they saw, he gripped with such force. Many truths

may be taught coolly, and some must be. But in religious matters,

arguments wrought in frost are powerless, and earnestness approaching to

passion is the all-conquering force. A teacher who is afraid to show his

feelings, or who has no feelings to show, will never gather many

disciples.

So this revelation of the Apostle's heart is relevant to the great

purposes of the whole letter--the warning against error, and the

exhortation to stedfastness. In the verses which we are now considering,

we have the conflict which Paul was waging set forth in three aspects:

first, in itself; second, in regard to the persons for whom it was

waged; and, finally and principally, in regard to the object or purpose

in view therein. The first and second of these points may be dealt with

briefly. The third will require further consideration.

I. There is first the conflict, which he earnestly desired that the

Colossian Christians might know to be "great." The word rendered in the

Authorised Version "conflict," belongs to the same root as that which

occurs in the last verse of the previous chapter, and is there rendered

"striving." The Revised Version rightly indicates this connection by its

translation, but fails to give the construction as accurately as the

older translation does. "What great strife I have" would be nearer the

Greek, and more forcible than the somewhat feeble "how greatly I

strive," which the Revisers have adopted. The conflict referred to is,

of course, that of the arena, as so often in Paul's writings.

But how could he, in Rome, wage conflict on behalf of the Church at

Colossae? No external conflict can be meant. He could strike no blows on

their behalf. What he could do in that way, he did, and he was now

taking part in their battle by this letter. If he could not fight by

their side, he could send them ammunition, as he does in this great

Epistle, which was, no doubt, to the eager combatants for the truth at

Colossae, what it has been ever since, a magazine and arsenal in all

their warfare. But the real struggle was in his own heart. It meant

anxiety, sympathy, an agony of solicitude, a passion of intercession.

What he says of Epaphras in this very Epistle was true of himself. He

was "always striving in prayer for them." And by these wrestlings of

spirit he took his place among the combatants, though they were far

away, and though in outward seeming, his life was untouched by any of

the difficulties and dangers which hemmed them in. In that lonely

prison-cell, remote from their conflict, and with burdens enough of his

own to carry, with his life in peril, his heart yet turned to them and,

like some soldier left behind to guard the base while his comrades had

gone forward to the fight, his ears listened for the sound of battle,

and his thoughts were in the field. His prison cell was like the focus

of some reverberating gallery in which every whisper spoken all round

the circumference was heard, and the heart that was held captive there

was set vibrating in all its chords by every sound from any of the

Churches.

Let us learn the lesson, that, for all Christian people, sympathy in the

battle for God, which is being waged all over the world, is plain duty.

For all Christian teachers of every sort, an eager sympathy in the

difficulties and struggles of those whom they would try to teach is

indispensable. We can never deal wisely with any mind until we have

entered into its peculiarities. We can never help a soul fighting with

errors and questionings until we have ourselves felt the pinch of the

problems, and have shown that soul that we know what it is to grope and

stumble. No man is ever able to lift a burden from another's shoulders

except on condition of bearing the burden himself. If I stretch out my

hand to some poor brother struggling in "the miry clay," he will not

grasp it, and my well-meant efforts will be vain, unless he can see that

I too have felt with him the horror of great darkness, and desire him to

share with me the benedictions of the light.

Wheresoever our prison or our workshop may be, howsoever Providence or

circumstances--which is but a heathenish word for the same thing--may

separate us from active participation in any battle for God, we are

bound to take an eager share in it by sympathy, by interest, by such

help as we can render, and by that intercession which may sway the

fortunes of the field, though the uplifted hands grasp no weapons, and

the spot where we pray be far from the fight. It is not only the men who

bear the brunt of the battle in the high places of the field who are the

combatants. In many a quiet home, where their wives and mothers sit,

with wistful faces waiting for the news from the front, are an agony of

anxiety, and as true a share in the struggle as amidst the battery smoke

and the gleaming bayonets. It was a law in Israel, "As his part is that

goeth down to the battle, so shall his part be that abideth by the

stuff. They shall part alike." They were alike in recompense, because

they were rightly regarded as alike in service. So all Christians who

have in heart and sympathy taken part in the great battle shall be

counted as combatants and crowned as victors, though they themselves

have struck no blows. "He that receiveth a prophet in the name of a

prophet shall receive a prophet's reward."

II. We notice the persons for whom this conflict was endured. They are

the Christians of Colossae, and their neighbours of Laodicea, and "as

many as have not seen my face in the flesh." It may be a question

whether the Colossians and Laodiceans belong to those who have not seen

his face in the flesh, but the most natural view of the words is that

the last clause "introduces the whole class to which the persons

previously enumerated belong,"[2] and this conclusion is confirmed by

the silence of the Acts of the Apostles as to any visit of Paul's to

these Churches, and by the language of the Epistle itself, which, in

several places, refers to his knowledge of the Colossian Church as

derived from hearing of them, and never alludes to personal intercourse.

That being so, one can understand that its members might easily think

that he cared less for them than he did for the more fortunate

communities which he had himself planted or watered, and might have

suspected that the difficulties of the Church at Ephesus, for instance,

lay nearer his heart than theirs in their remote upland valley. No

doubt, too, their feelings to him were less warm than to Epaphras and to

other teachers whom they had heard. They had never felt the magnetism of

his personal presence, and were at a disadvantage in their struggle

with the errors which were beginning to lift their snaky heads among

them, from not having had the inspiration and direction of his teaching.

It is beautiful to see how, here, Paul lays hold of that very fact which

seemed to put some film of separation between them, in order to make it

the foundation of his especial keenness of interest in them. Precisely

because he had never looked them in the eyes, they had a warmer place in

his heart, and his solicitude for them was more tender. He was not so

enslaved by sense that his love could not travel beyond the limits of

his eyesight. He was the more anxious about them because they had not

the recollections of his teaching and of his presence to fall back upon.

III. But the most important part of this section is the Apostle's

statement of the great subject of his solicitude, that which he

anxiously longed that the Colossians might attain. It is a prophecy, as

well as a desire. It is a statement of the deepest purpose of his letter

to them, and being so, it is likewise a statement of the Divine desire

concerning each of us, and of the Divine design of the gospel. Here is

set forth what God would have all Christians to be, and, in Jesus

Christ, has given them ample means of being.

(1) The first element in the Apostle's desire for them is "that their

hearts may be comforted." Of course the Biblical use of the word "heart"

is much wider than the modern popular use of it. We mean by it, when we

use it in ordinary talk, the hypothetical seat of the emotions, and

chiefly, the organ and throne of love; but Scripture means by the word,

the whole inward personality, including thought and will as well as

emotion. So we read of the "thoughts and intents of the heart," and the

whole inward nature is called "the hidden man of the heart."

And what does he desire for this inward man? That it may be "comforted."

That word again has a wider signification in Biblical, than in

nineteenth century English. It is much more than consolation in trouble.

The cloud that hung over the Colossian Church was not about to break in

sorrows which they would need consolation to bear, but in doctrinal and

practical errors which they would need strength to resist. They were

called to fight rather than to endure, and what they needed most was

courageous confidence. So Paul desires for them that their hearts should

be _encouraged_ or strengthened, that they might not quail before the

enemy, but go into the fight with buoyancy, and be of good cheer.

Is there any greater blessing in view both of the conflict which

Christianity has to wage to-day, and of the difficulties and warfare of

our own lives, than that brave spirit, which plunges into the struggle

with the serene assurance that victory sits on our helms and waits upon

our swords, and knows that anything is possible rather than defeat? That

is the condition of overcoming--even our faith. "The sad heart tires in

a mile," but the strong hopeful heart carries in its very strength the

prophecy of triumph.

Such a disposition is not altogether a matter of temperament, but may be

cultivated, and though it may come easier to some of us than to others,

it certainly ought to belong to all who have God to trust to, and

believe that the gospel is His truth. They may well be strong who have

Divine power ready to flood their hearts, who know that everything works

for their good, who can see, above the whirl of time and change, one

strong loving Hand which moves the wheels. What have we to do with fear

for ourselves, or wherefore should our "hearts tremble for the ark of

God," seeing that One fights by our sides who will teach our hands to

war and cover our heads in the day of battle? "Be of good courage, and

He shall strengthen thine heart."

(2) The way to secure such joyous confidence and strength is taught us

here, for we have next, _Union in love_, as part of the means for

obtaining it--"They being knit together in love." The persons, not the

hearts, are to be thus united. Love is the true bond which unites

men--the bond of perfectness, as it is elsewhere called. That unity in

love would, of course, add to the strength of each. The old fable

teaches us that little fagots bound together are strong, and the tighter

the rope is pulled, the stronger they are. A solitary heart is timid and

weak, but many weaknesses brought together make a strength, as slimly

built houses in a row hold each other up, or dying embers raked closer

burst into flame. Loose grains of sand are light and moved by a breath;

compacted they are rock against which the Atlantic beats in vain. So, a

Church, of which the members are bound together by that love which is

the only real bond of Church life, presents a front to threatening evils

through which they cannot break. A real moral defence against even

intellectual error will be found in such a close compaction in mutual

Christian love. A community so interlocked will throw off many evils, as

a Roman legion with linked shields roofed itself over against missiles

from the wall of a besieged city, or the imbricated scales on a fish

keep it dry in the heart of the sea.

But we must go deeper than this in interpreting these words. The love

which is to knit Christian men together is not merely love to one

another, but is common love to Jesus Christ. Such common love to Him is

the true bond of union, and the true strengthener of men's hearts.

(3) This compaction in love will lead to a wealth of certitude in the

possession of the truth.

Paul is so eagerly desirous for the Colossians' union in love to each

other and all to God, because He knows that such union will materially

contribute to their assured and joyful possession of the truth. It

tends, he thinks, unto "all riches of the full assurance of

understanding," by which he means the wealth which consists in the

entire, unwavering certitude which takes possession of the

understanding, the confidence that it has the truth and the life in

Jesus Christ. Such a joyful stedfastness of conviction that I have

grasped the truth is opposed to hesitating half belief. It is

attainable, as this context shows, by paths of moral discipline, and

amongst them, by seeking to realize our unity with our brethren, and not

proudly rejecting the "common faith" because it is common. Possessing

that assurance, we shall be rich and heart-whole. Walking amid

certainties we shall walk in paths of peace, and re-echo the triumphant

assurance of the Apostle, to whom love had given the key of

knowledge:--"we know that we are of God, and we know that the Son of God

is come, and hath given us an understanding, that we may know Him that

is true."

In all times of religious unsettlement, when an active propaganda of

denial is going on, Christian men are tempted to lower their own tone,

and to say, "It is so," with somewhat less of certainty, because so many

are saying, "It is not so." Little Rhoda needs some courage to affirm

constantly that "it was even so," when apostles and her masters keep

assuring her that she has only seen a vision. In this day, many

professing Christians falter in the clear assured profession of their

faith, and it does not need a keen ear to catch an undertone of doubt

making their voices tremulous. Some even are so afraid of being thought

"narrow," that they seek for the reputation of liberality by talking as

if there were a film of doubt over even the truths which used to be

"most surely believed." Much of the so-called faith of this day is all

honeycombed with secret misgivings, which have in many instances no

other intellectual basis than the consciousness of prevalent unbelief

and a second-hand acquaintance with its teachings. Few things are more

needed among us now than this full assurance and satisfaction of the

understanding with the truth as it is in Jesus. Nothing is more wretched

than the slow paralysis creeping over faith, the fading of what had been

stars into darkness. A tragedy is being wrought in many minds which have

had to exchange Christ's "Verily, verily," for a miserable "perhaps,"

and can no longer say "I know," but only, "I would fain believe," or at

the best, "I incline to think still." On the other hand, the "full

assurance of the understanding" brings wealth. It breathes peace over

the soul, and gives endless riches in the truths which through it are

made living and real.

This wealth of conviction is attained by living in the love of God. Of

course, there is an intellectual discipline which is also needed. But no

intellectual process will lead to an assured grasp of spiritual truth,

unless it be accompanied by love. As soon may we lay hold of truth with

our hands, as of God in Christ with our understandings alone. This is

the constant teaching of Scripture--that, if we would know God and have

assurance of Him, we must love Him. "In order to love human things, it

is necessary to know them. In order to know Divine things, it is

necessary to love them." When we are rooted and grounded in love, we

shall be able to know--for what we have most need to know and what the

gospel has mainly to teach us is the love, and "unless the eye with

which we look is love, how shall we know love?" If we love, we shall

possess an experience which verifies the truth for us, will give us an

irrefragable demonstration which will bring certitude to ourselves,

however little it may avail to convince others. Rich in the possession

of this confirmation of the gospel by the blessings which have come to

us from it, and which witness of their source, as the stream that dots

some barren plain with a line of green along its course is revealed

thereby, we shall have the right to oppose to many a doubt the full

assurance born of love, and while others are disputing whether there be

any God, or any living Christ, or any forgiveness of sins, or any

guiding providence, we shall know that they are, and are ours, because

we have felt the power and wealth which they have brought into our

lives.

(4) This unity of love will lead to full knowledge of the mystery of

God. Such seems to be the connection of the next words, which may be

literally read "unto the full knowledge of the mystery of God," and may

be best regarded as a co-ordinate clause with the preceding, depending

like it on "being knit together in love." So taken, there is set forth a

double issue of that compaction in love to God and one another, namely,

the calm assurance in the grasp of truth already possessed, and the more

mature and deeper insight into the deep things of God. The word for

knowledge here is the same as in i. 9, and here as there means a full

knowledge. The Colossians had known Christ at first, but the Apostle's

desire is that they may come to a fuller knowledge, for the object to be

known is infinite, and endless degrees in the perception and possession

of His power and grace are possible. In that fuller knowledge they will

not leave behind what they knew at first, but will find in it deeper

meaning, a larger wisdom and a fuller truth.

Among the large number of readings of the following words, that adopted

by the Revised Version is to be preferred, and the translation which it

gives is the most natural and is in accordance with the previous thought

in chapter i. 27, where also "the mystery" is explained to be "Christ in

you." A slight variation in the conception is presented here. The

"mystery" is Christ, not "in you," but "in Whom are hid all the

treasures of wisdom and knowledge." The great truth long hidden, now

revealed, is that the whole wealth of spiritual insight (knowledge), and

of reasoning on the truths thus apprehended so as to gain an ordered

system of belief and a coherent law of conduct (wisdom), is stored for

us in Christ.

Such being in brief the connection and outline meaning of these great

words, we may touch upon the various principles embodied in them. We

have seen, in commenting upon a former part of the Epistle, the force of

the great thought that Christ in His relations to us is the mystery of

God, and need not repeat what was then said. But we may pause for a

moment on the fact that the knowledge of that mystery has its stages.

The revelation of the mystery is complete. No further stages are

possible in that. But while the revelation is, in Paul's estimate,

finished, and the long concealed truth now stands in full sunshine, our

apprehension of it may grow, and there is a mature knowledge possible.

Some poor ignorant soul catches through the gloom a glimpse of God

manifested in the flesh, and bearing his sins. That soul will never

outgrow that knowledge, but as the years pass, life and reflection and

experience will help to explain and deepen it. God so loved the world

that He gave His only begotten Son--there is nothing beyond that truth.

Grasped however imperfectly, it brings light and peace. But as it is

loved and lived by, it unfolds undreamed-of depths, and flashes with

growing brightness. Suppose that a man could set out from the great

planet that moves on the outermost rim of our system, and could travel

slowly inwards towards the central sun, how the disc would grow, and the

light and warmth increase with each million of miles that he crossed,

till what had seemed a point filled the whole sky! Christian growth is

into, not away from Christ, a penetrating deeper into the centre, and a

drawing out into distinct consciousness as a coherent system, all that

was wrapped, as the leaves in their brown sheath, in that first glimpse

of Him which saves the soul.

These stages are infinite, because in Him are all the treasures of

wisdom and knowledge. These four words, _treasures_, _wisdom_,

_knowledge_, _hidden_, are all familiar on the lips of the latter

Gnostics, and were so, no doubt, in the mouths of the false teachers at

Colossae. The Apostle would assert for his gospel all which they falsely

claimed for their dreams. As in several other places of this Epistle, he

avails himself of his antagonists' special vocabulary, transferring its

terms, from the illusory phantoms which a false knowledge adorned with

them, to the truth which he had to preach. He puts special emphasis on

the predicate "hidden" by throwing it to the end of the sentence--a

peculiarity which is reproduced with advantage in the Revised Version.

All wisdom and knowledge are in Christ. He is the Light of men, and all

thought and truth of every sort come from Him Who is the Eternal Word,

the Incarnate Wisdom. That Incarnate Word is the perfect Revelation of

God, and by His one completed life and death has declared the whole name

of God to His brethren, of which all other media of revelation have but

uttered broken syllables. That ascended Christ breathes wisdom and

knowledge into all who love Him, and still pursues, by giving us the

Spirit of wisdom, His great work of revealing God to men, according to

His own word, which at once asserted the completeness of the revelation

made by His earthly life and promised the perpetual continuance of the

revelation from His heavenly seat: "I have declared Thy name unto My

brethren, and will declare it."

In Christ, as in a great storehouse, lie all the riches of spiritual

wisdom, the massive ingots of solid gold which when coined into creeds

and doctrines are the wealth of the Church. All which we can know

concerning God and man, concerning sin and righteousness and duty,

concerning another life, is in Him Who is the home and deep mine where

truth is stored.

In Christ these treasures are "hidden," but not, as the heretics'

mysteries were hidden, in order that they might be out of reach of the

vulgar crowd. This mystery is hidden indeed, but it is revealed. It is

hidden only from the eyes that will not see it. It is hidden that

seeking souls may have the joy of seeking and the rest of finding. The

very act of revealing is a hiding, as our Lord has said in His great

thanksgiving because these things are (by one and the same act) "hid

from the wise and prudent, and revealed to babes." They are hid, as men

store provisions in the Arctic regions, in order that the bears may not

find them and the shipwrecked sailors may.

Such thoughts have a special message for times of agitation such as the

Colossian Church was passing through, and such as we have to face. We

too are surrounded by eager confident voices, proclaiming profounder

truths and a deeper wisdom than the gospel gives us. In joyful

antagonism to these, Christian men have to hold fast by the confidence

that all Divine wisdom is laid up in their Lord. We need not go to

others to learn new truth. The new problems of each generation to the

end of time will find their answers in Christ, and new issues of that

old message which we have heard from the beginning will continually be

discerned. Let us not wonder if the lessons which the earlier ages of

the Church drew from that infinite storehouse fail at many points to

meet the eager questionings of to-day. Nor let us suppose that the stars

are quenched because the old books of astronomy are in some respects out

of date. We need not cast aside the truths that we learned at our

mother's knees. The central fact of the universe and the perfect

encyclopaedia of all moral and spiritual truth is Christ, the Incarnate

Word, the Lamb slain, the ascended King. If we keep true to Him and

strive to widen our minds to the breadth of that great message, it will

grow as we gaze, even as the nightly heavens expand to the eye which

stedfastly looks into them, and reveal violet abysses sown with

sparkling points, each of which is a sun. "Lord, to whom shall we go?

Thou hast the words of eternal life."

The ordinary type of Christian life is contented with a superficial

acquaintance with Christ. Many understand no more of Him and of His

gospel than they did when first they learned to love Him. So completely

has the very idea of a progressive knowledge of Jesus Christ faded from

the horizon of the average Christian that "edification," which ought to

mean the progressive building up of the character course by course, in

new knowledge and grace, has come to mean little more than the sense of

comfort derived from the reiteration of old and familiar words which

fall on the ear with a pleasant murmur. There is sadly too little

first-hand and growing knowledge of their Lord, among Christian people,

too little belief that fresh treasures may be found hidden in that field

which, to each soul and each new generation struggling with its own

special forms of the burdens and problems that press upon humanity,

would be cheaply bought by selling all, but may be won at the easier

rate of earnest desire to possess them, and faithful adherence to Him in

whom they are stored for the world. The condition of growth for the

branch is abiding in the vine. If our hearts are knit together with

Christ's heart in that love which is the parent of communion, both as

delighted contemplation and as glad obedience, then we shall daily dig

deeper into the mine of wealth which is hid in Him that it may be found,

and draw forth an unfailing supply of things new and old.