upon St. James’ night, certain men in the loft next under the bells,
ringing of a peal, a tempest of lightning and thunder did arise, an
ugly shapen sight appeared to them, coming in at the south window, and
lighted on the north, for fear whereof they all fell down, and lay as
dead for the time, letting the bells ring and cease of their own accord;
when the ringers came to themselves, they found certain stones of the
north window to be razed and scratched, as if they had been so much
butter, printed with a lion’s claw; the same stones were fastened there
again, and so remain till this day. I have seen them oft, and have put
a feather or small stick into the holes where the claws had entered
three or four inches deep. At the same time certain main timber posts at
Queene Hith were scratched and cleft from the top to the bottom; and the
pulpit cross in Powle’s churchyard was likewise scratched, cleft, and
overturned. One of the ringers lived in my youth, whom I have oft heard
to verify the same to be true.
But to return. William Rus was a special benefactor to this church;
his arms yet remain in the windows. William Comerton, Symon Smith,
Walter Belingham, were buried there, and founded chantries there;
John Grace, 1439; Robert Drope, mayor, buried on the north side of
the choir, under a fair tomb of grey marble, 1485, he gave to poor
maids’ marriages of that parish twenty pounds, to poor of that ward ten
pounds, shirts and smocks three hundred, and gowns of broad cloth one
hundred, etc.[164] Jane his wife, matching with Edward Gray, Viscount
Lisle, was buried by her first husband, 1500; she gave ninety pounds
in money to the beautifying of that church, and her great messuage,
with the appurtenance, which was by her executors, W. Caple and other,
1517, the 9th of Henry VIII., assured to John Wardroper, parson, T.
Clearke, W. Dixson, and John Murdon, wardens of the said church, and
their successors for ever, they do keep yearly for her an obite, or
anniversary, to be spent on the poor, and otherwise, in all three
pounds, the rest of the profits to be employed in reparation of the
church. In the 34th year of Henry VIII., Edward Stephan, parson, T.
Spencer, P. Guntar, and G. Grouch, churchwardens, granted to T. Lodge a
lease for sixty years of the said great messuage, with the appurtenance,
which were called the Lady Lisle’s lands, for the rent of eight pounds
thirteen shillings and four pence the year. The parishioners since gave
it up as chantry land, and wronged themselves. Also the said Robert
Drope, and Lady Lisle, notwithstanding their liberality to that church
and parish, their tomb is pulled down, no monument remaineth of them.
Peter Hawton, late alderman, is laid in their vault, 1596. Robert
Fabian, alderman, that wrote and published a Chronicle of England and of
France, was buried there 1511, with this epitaph:--
“Like as the day his course doth consume,
And the new morrow springeth againe as fast,
So man and woman, by Nature’s custome,
This life to pass, at last in earth are cast,
In joy and sorrow, which here their time do wast,
Never in one state, but in course transitory,
So full of change is of this world the glory.”
His monument is gone. Richard Garnam, 1527, buried there; Edmond Trindle
and Robert Smith;[165] William Dickson and Margaret his wife,[166]
buried in the cloister under a fair tomb now defaced; Thomas Stow, my
grandfather, about the year 1526, and Thomas Stow, my father, 1559;
John Tolus, alderman, 1548, he gave to John Willowby, parson of that
church, to Thomas Lodge, G. Hind, P. Bolde, churchwardens, and to
their successors, towards the reparation of that church, and relief of
the poor for ever, his tenement with the appurtenances in the parish
of St. Michael, which he had lately purchased of Alvery Randalph, of
Badlesmeere in Kent; but the parish never had the gift, nor heard
thereof by the space of forty years after; such was the conscience of G.
Barne and other the executors, to conceal it to themselves; and such is
the negligence of the parishioners, that being informed thereof, make no
claim thereunto. Philip Gonter, that was alderman for a time, and gave
four hundred pounds to be discharged thereof, was buried in the cloister
about the year 1582, and Anne his wife, etc. Thomas Houghton, father to
the said Peter Houghton, Francis Beneson, and William Towersan.
This parish church hath on the south side thereof a proper cloister,
and a fair churchyard, with a pulpit cross, not much unlike to that in
Paule’s churchyard. Sir John Rudstone, mayor, caused the same pulpit
cross in his lifetime to be built, the churchyard to be enlarged, by
ground purchased of the next parish, and also proper houses to be
raised for lodging of choir men, such as at that time were assistants
to divine service, then daily sung by note in that church. The said
John Rudstone deceased 1531, and was buried in a vault under the pulpit
cross; he appointed sermons to be preached there, not now performed;
his tomb before the pulpit cross is taken thence, with the tomb of
Richard Yaxley, Doctor of Physic to King Henry VIII. and other. The
choir of that church dissolved, the lodgings of choir men were by the
grave fathers of that time charitably appointed for receipt of ancient
decayed parishioners, namely, widows, such as were not able to bear the
charge of greater rents abroad, which blessed work of harbouring the
harbourless is promised to be rewarded in the kingdom of heaven.
Then have ye Birchover lane, so called of Birchover, the first builder
and owner thereof, now corruptly called Birchin lane, the north half
whereof is of the said Cornehill ward; the other part is of Langborne
ward.
This lane, and the high street near adjoining, hath been inhabited for
the most part with wealthy drapers, from Birchover’s lane, on that side
the street down to the stocks, in the reign of Henry VI., had ye for the
most part dwelling Fripperers or Upholders, that sold old apparel and
household stuff.
I have read of a countryman, that then having lost his hood in
Westminster hall, found the same in Cornehill hanged out to be sold,
which he challenged, but was forced to buy, or go without it, for their
stall, they said, was their market. At that time also the wine drawer of
the Pope’s head tavern (standing without the door in the high street)
took the same man by the sleeve, and said, “Sir, will you drink a pint
of wine?” whereunto he answered, “A penny spend I may;” and so drank his
pint, for bread nothing did he pay, for that was allowed free.[167]
This Pope’s head tavern, with other houses adjoining, strongly built
of stone, hath of old time been all in one, pertaining to some great
estate, or rather to the king of this realm, as may be supposed, both by
the largeness thereof, and by the arms, to wit, three leopards passant,
gardant, which were the whole arms of England before the reign of Edward
III., that quartered them with the arms of France, three fleur-de-lis.
These arms of England, supported between two angels, are fair and
largely graven in stone on the fore front towards the high street, over
the door or stall of one great house, lately for many years possessed by
Mr. Philip Gunter. The Pope’s head tavern is on the back part thereof
towards the south, as also one other house called the stone house in
Lombard street. Some say this was King John’s house, which might so be;
for I find in a written copy of Matthew Paris’ History, that in the
year 1232, Henry III. sent Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent, to Cornehill
in London, there to answer all matters objected against him, where he
wisely acquitted himself. The Pope’s head tavern hath a footway through
from Cornehill into Lombard street. And down lower on the high street of
Cornehill, is there one other way through by the Cardinal’s hat tavern
into Lombard street. And so let this suffice for Cornhill ward. In which
be governors:--an alderman, his deputy, common councillors four or six,
constables four, scavengers four, wardmote inquest sixteen and a beadle.
It is charged to the fifteen at sixteen pounds.
FOOTNOTES:
[158] “Their beef and mutton by weight, to wit.”--_1st edition_, p. 148.
[159] “But the true cause of enhanceing the prices both of those and
other victuals are not to be disputed here.”--_1st edition_, p. 148.
[160] It would seem, from the addition of these words, which are not in
the first edition, that this conduit ceased so to run between the years
1598 and 1603.
[161] “Ringleaders of inquests will proffer their service, and bend
every way for gain. Careful choice of jurors is to be had; a man
detected, and that had sworn foolishly against his brother, is not
to be admitted a common juror; neither butcher nor surgeon is to be
admitted.”--_Stow._
[162] “Archbishops of London hard to be proved, and therefore not be
affirmed.”--_Stow._
[163] “This was accounted the best ring of six belles, to bee rung by
six men, that was in England, for harmonye, sweetness of sound, and
tune.”--_Stow._
[164] “To the poor at his burial sixteen pounds, to prisons, hospitals,
and lazar houses, liberally; he also gave his house in Cornehill
to be sold, and the price thereof to be spent on the amendment of
highways.”--_1st edition_, p. 153.
[165] “My godfathers.”--_1st edition_, p. 153.
[166] “My godmother.”--_Ibid._
[167] “Wine one pint for a pennie, and bread to drink it was given free
in every tavern.”--_Stow._
LANGBORNE WARD, AND FENNIE ABOUT
Langborne ward, so called of a long bourne of sweet water, which of old
time breaking out into Fenchurch street, ran down the same street and
Lombard street to the west end of St. Mary Woolnoth’s church, where
turning south, and breaking into small shares, rills, or streams, it
left the name of Share borne lane, or South borne lane (as I have read),
because it ran south to the river of Thames. This ward beginneth at the
west end of Aldgate ward in Fenne church street, by the Ironmongers’
hall, which is on the north side of that street, at a place called
Culver alley, where sometime was a lane, through the which men went
into Lime street, but that being long since stopped up for suspicion of
thieves that lurked there by night, as is shown in Lime street ward,
there is now this said alley, a tennis-court, etc.
Fenne church street took that name of a fenny or moorish ground, so made
by means of this borne which passed through it, and therefore until this
day in the Guildhall of this city, that ward is called by the name of
Langborne and Fennie about, and not otherwise; yet others be of opinion
that it took that name of _Fœnum_, that is, hay sold there, as Grasse
street took the name of grass, or herbs, there sold.
In the midst of this street standeth a small parish church called St.
Gabriel Fen church, corruptly Fan church.
Helming Legget, esquire, by license of Edward III., in the 49th of
his reign, gave one tenement, with a curtelage thereto belonging,
and a garden, with an entry thereto leading, unto Sir John Hariot,
parson of Fenchurch, and to his successors for ever; the house to be a
parsonage-house, the garden to be a churchyard, or burying-place for the
parish.
Then have ye Lombard street, so called of the Longobards, and other
merchants, strangers of divers nations assembling there twice every
day, of what original or continuance I have not read of record, more
than that Edward II., in the 12th of his reign, confirmed a messuage,
sometime belonging to Robert Turke, abutting on Lombard street toward
the south, and toward Cornehill on the north, for the merchants of
Florence, which proveth that street to have had the name of Lombard
street before the reign of Edward II. The meeting of which merchants and
others there continued until the 22nd of December, in the year 1568; on
the which day the said merchants began to make their meetings at the
burse, a place then new built for that purpose in the ward of Cornhill,
and was since by her majesty, Queen Elizabeth, named the Royal Exchange.
On the north side of this ward is Lime street, one half whereof on both
the sides is of this Langborne ward, and therein on the west side is the
Pewterers’ hall, which company were admitted to be a brotherhood in the
13th of Edward IV.
At the south-west corner of Lime street standeth a fair parish church
of St. Dionys called Backe church, lately new built in the reign of
Henry VI. John Bugge, esquire, was a great benefactor to that work, as
appeareth by his arms, three water budgets, and his crest, a Morian’s
head, graven in the stone-work of the choir, the upper end on the north
side, where he was buried. Also John Darby, alderman, added thereunto
a fair aisle, or chapel, on the south side, and was there buried about
the year 1466. He gave (besides sundry ornaments) his dwelling-house and
others unto the said church. The Lady Wich, widow to Hugh Wich, sometime
mayor of London, was there buried, and gave lands for sermons, etc.
John Master, gentleman, was by his children buried there 1444; Thomas
Britaine; Henry Travers, of Maidstone, in Kent, merchant, 1501; John
Bond, about 1504; Robert Paget, merchant-tailor, one of the sheriffs,
1536; Sir Thomas Curteis, pewterer, then fishmonger, mayor, 1557; Sir
James Harvie, ironmonger, mayor, 1581; William Peterson, esquire;
William Sherington; Sir Edward Osborne, clothworker, mayor, etc.
Then by the four corners (so called of Fenchurch street in the east,
Bridge street on the south, Grasse street on the north, and Lombard
street on the west), in Lombard street is one fair parish church
called Allhallows Grasse church, in Lombard street; I do so read it
in evidences of record, for that the grass market went down that way,
when that street was far broader than now it is, being straitened by
incroachments.
This church was lately new built. John Warner, armourer, and then
grocer, sheriff 1494, built the south aisle; his son, Robert Warner,
esquire, finished it in the year 1516. The pewterers were benefactors
towards the north aisle, etc. The steeple, or bell tower, thereof was
finished in the year 1544, about the 36th of Henry VIII. The fair stone
porch of this church was brought from the late dissolved priory of St.
John of Jerusalem by Smithfield, so was the frame for their bells, but
the bells being bought, were never brought thither, by reason that one
old Warner, draper, of that parish deceasing, his son Marke Warner would
not perform what his father had begun, and appointed, so that fair
steeple hath but one bell, as friars were wont to use. The monuments of
this church be these. The said Warners, and John Walden, draper.
Next is a common hostelry for travellers, called the George, of such a
sign. This is said to have pertained to the Earl Ferrers, and was his
London lodging in Lombard street, and that in the year 1175, a brother
of the said earl, being there privily slain in the night, was there
thrown down into the dirty street, as I have afore shown in the chapter
of night watches.
Next to this is the parish church of St. Edmond, the king and martyr, in
Lombard street, by the south corner of Birchover lane. This church is
also called St. Edmond Grasse church, because the said grass market came
down so low. The monuments in this church are these: Sir John Milborne,
draper, mayor, deceased, 1535, buried there by Dame Joan and Dame
Margaret his wives, under a tomb of touch; Humfrey Heyford, goldsmith,
mayor 1477; Sir William Chester, draper, mayor 1560, with his wives,
amongst his predecessors; Sir George Barne, mayor 1586; Matilde at Vine
founded a chantry there, etc.
From this church down Lombard street, by Birchover’s lane (the one half
of which lane is of this ward), and so down, be divers fair houses,
namely, one with a very fair fore front towards the street, built by
Sir Martin Bowes, goldsmith, since mayor of London, and then one other,
sometime belonging to William de la Pole, knight banneret, and yet the
king’s merchant,[168] in the 14th of Edward III., and after him to
Michael de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk, in the 14th of Richard II., and was
his merchant’s house, and so down towards the Stocks market, lacking but
some three houses thereof.
The south side of this ward beginneth in the east, at the chain to be
drawn athwart Mart lane up into Fenchurch street, and so west by the
north end of Minchen lane to St. Margaret Patten’s street, or Roode
lane, and down that street to the midway towards St. Margaret’s church;
then by Philpot lane (so called of Sir John Philpot that dwelt there,
and was owner thereof), and down that lane some six or eight houses on
each side, is all of this ward.
Then by Grasse church corner into Lombard street to St. Clement’s lane,
and down the same to St. Clement’s church; then down St. Nicholas lane,
and down the same to St. Nicholas church, and the same church is of this
ward. Then to Abchurch church lane, and down some small portion thereof;
then down Sherborne lane, a part thereof, and a part of Bearebinder
lane, be of this ward; and then down Lombard street to the sign of the
Angel, almost to the corner over against the Stocks market.
On the south side of this ward, somewhat within Mart lane, have you the
parish church of Allhallows, commonly called Stane church (as may be
supposed), for a difference from other churches of that name in this
city, which of old time were built of timber, and since were built of
stone. In this church have been divers fair monuments of the dead,
namely, of John Costin, girdler, a great benefactor: he deceased 1244.
His name remaineth painted in the church roof; if it had been set in
brass, it would have been fetched down.[169] He gave out of certain
tenements to the poor of that parish a hundred quarters of charcoals
yearly for ever. Sir Robert Test, knight of the holy sepulchre, and
Dame Joan his wife, about 1486; Robert Stone; Sir John Steward, and
Dame Alice his wife;[170] John Bostocke, esquire; Christopher Holt,
Sir Richard Tate, knight, ambassador to King Henry VIII. buried there
1554. His monument remaineth yet; the rest being all pulled down, and
swept out of the church, the churchwardens were forced to make a large
account; 12_s._ that year for brooms, besides the carriage away of
stone and brass of their own charge. And here I am to note, that being
informed of the Writhsleys to be buried there, I have since found them
and other to be buried at St. Giles without Cripplegate, where I mind to
leave them.
By this church sometime passed a lane, called Cradock’s lane, from
Mart lane, winding by the north side of the said church into Fenchurch
street, the which lane being straitened by incroachments, is now called
Church alley.
Then is the parish church of St. Nicholas Acon, or Hacon (for so have
I read it in records), in Lombard street. Sir John Bridges, draper,
mayor, 1520, newly repaired this church, and embattled it, and was there
buried. Francis Boyer, grocer, one of the sheriffs, was buried there
1580, with other of the Boyers: so was Julian, wife to John Lambart,
alderman.[171]
Then is there in the high street a proper parish church of St. Mary
Woolnoth, of the Nativity, the reason of which name I have not yet
learnt. This church is lately new built. Sir Hugh Brice, goldsmith,
mayor in the first year of Henry VII., keeper of the king’s exchange
at London, and one of the governors of the king’s mint in the Tower of
London, under William Lord Hastings, the 5th of Edward IV., deceased
1496. He built in this church a chapel called the Charnell, as also part
of the body of the church and of the steeple, and gave money toward
the finishing thereof, besides the stone which he had prepared: he
was buried in the body of the church. Guy Brice, or Boys, was buried
there. Dame Joan, wife to Sir William Peach;[172] Thomas Nocket,
draper, 1396: he founded a chantry there. Simon Eyre, 1459: he gave the
tavern called the Cardinal’s Hat, in Lombard street, with a tenement
annexed on the east part of the tavern, and a mansion behind the east
tenement, together with an alley from Lombard street to Cornhill,
with the appurtenances, all which were by him new built, toward a
brotherhood of our Lady in St. Mary Woolnoth’s church. John Moager,
pewterer, and Emme his wife, in St. John’s chapel; Sir John Percivall,
merchant-tailor, mayor, about 1504; Thomas Roch, and Andrew Michael,
vintners, and Joan their wife; William Hilton, merchant-tailor, and
tailor to King Henry VIII., was buried there 1519, under the chapel of
St. George, which chapel was built by George Lufken, sometime tailor to
the prince; Robert Amades, goldsmith, master of the king’s jewels; Sir
Martin Bowes, mayor, buried about 1569: he gave lands for the discharge
of that Langborn ward, of all fifteens to be granted to the king by
parliament; George Hasken, Sir Thomas Ramsey, late mayor, etc. Thus
have ye seven parishes in this ward, one hall of a company, divers fair
houses for merchants, and other monuments none. It hath an alderman, his
deputy, common councillors eight, constables fifteen, scavengers nine,
men of the wardmote inquest seventeen, and a beadle. It is taxed to the
fifteen,[173] in the exchequer, at £20 9_s._ 8_d._
FOOTNOTES:
[168] “Noblemen of this realm of old time, as also of late years, have
dealt in merchandises.”--_Stow._
[169] “If it had been in brasse, it would not have remained there so
long.”--_1st edition_, p. 159.
[170] In the first edition, p. 159, the following passage is here
inserted:--
“Alice, William, and John, wife and sons to Thomas Clarell; Agnes,
daughter to Thomas Niter, gent.; William Atwell; Felix, daughter to
Sir Thomas Gisers, and wife to Travers Thomas Mason, esquire; Edmond
Wartar, esquire; Joan, wife to John Chamberlaine, esquire, daughter to
Roger Lewkner, esquire; William Frier; John Hamburger, esquire; Hugh
Moresby; Gilbert Prince, alderman; Oliver Chorley, gentleman; Sir John
Writh, or Writhesley, _alias_ Garter principal king at arms, sometime
laid under a fair tomb in the choir, now broken down and gone; Joan,
wife to Thomas Writhesley, son to Sir John Writhesley, Garter, daughter
and heir to William Hall, esquire; John Writhesley the younger, son
to Sir John Writhesley, and Alienor, Eleanor, second wife to John
Writhesley, daughter and heir to Thomas Arnalde, and Agnes his wife;
John Writhesley, son of Thomas; Agnes Arnold, first married to William
Writhesley, daughter of Richard Warmeforde; Barbara Hungerford, daughter
to Sir John Writhesley, wife to Anthony Hungerford, son to Sir Thomas
Hungerford, of Denmampney, in the county of Gloucester.”
The cause for the omission of these names is explained at the close of
the paragraph in the text; which is however so indistinctly expressed,
that its meaning could not very well be ascertained except by a
reference to what was originally written.
[171] “Mother of William Lambert, yet living.”--_1st edition_, p. 160.
[172] “Hugh Acton, tailor.”--_Ibid._
[173] “In London at twenty-one pound.”--_Ibid._
BILLINGSGATE WARD
Billingsgate ward beginneth at the west end of Tower street ward in
Thames street, about Smart’s key, and runneth down along that street
on the south side to St. Magnus church at the bridge foot, and on the
north side of the said Thames street, from over against Smart’s key,
till over against the north-west corner of St. Magnus church aforesaid,
on this north side of Thames street, is St. Marie hill lane, up to St.
Margaret’s church, and then part of St. Margaret Patten’s street, at the
end of St. Marie hill lane. Next out of Thames street is Lucas lane, and
then Buttolph lane, and at the north end thereof Philpot lane; then is
Rother lane, of old time so called, and thwart the same lane is Little
Eastcheape; and these be the bounds of Billingsgate ward.
Touching the principal ornaments within this ward. On the south side
of Thames street, beginning at the east end thereof, there is first
the said Smart’s key, so called of one Smart sometime owner thereof;
the next is Belinsgate, whereof the whole ward taketh name; the which
(leaving out of the fable, thereof feigning it to be built by King
Beline, a Briton, long before the incarnation of Christ), is at this
present a large water-gate, port, or harborough, for ships and boats,
commonly arriving there with fish, both fresh and salt, shell-fishes,
salt, oranges, onions, and other fruits and roots, wheat, rye, and grain
of divers sorts, for service of the city and the parts of this realm
adjoining. This gate is now more frequented than of old time, when
the Queen’s hithe was used, as being appointed by the kings of this
realm, to be the special or only port for taking up of all such kind of
merchandises brought to this city by strangers and foreigners, and the
drawbridge of timber at London bridge was then to be raised or drawn up
for passage of ships with tops thither.