The chief's oratory--A case of sickness novelly treated--The
captive commissioned as physician to the chief--Dr. Bourne's first
and last patient--Murder--Cannibalism--Another assassination,
showing the perils of medical practice among savages--Sports of the
children--Patagonian farriery--Slender success in the chase--A
second struggle for life.
The chief occasionally made a speech to his subjects from the door of
his lodge, wherein he invariably inculcated the duty of hunting
industriously to procure meat, and a due supply of grease, for their
families. He never had an auditor in sight, for his faithful lieges
considered the speech from the throne a decided bore, and, if one
happened to be passing, he was sure to dodge into the nearest hut till
the infliction was over; but the leathern lungs of the orator could not
fail to make him audible in many of the wigwams. In length his
performances more resembled the official addresses of our republican
rulers than those of his royal cousins of Europe, seldom falling short
of a full hour. In style, they came nearer the proclamations of a crier.
He would proceed in a monotonous rumble to the end of a sentence, and
then defy contradiction by repeating several times, "Comole! comole!
comole!" after which he paused, as for a reply. No one having the
audacity to take up his challenge, he would go on croaking the same
things with tedious iteration. After listening very patiently to one of
his harangues, I inwardly applauded the taste of his subjects in getting
as far as possible out of the reach of his voice.
One forenoon, as I was beginning to feel impatient to move,--for every
movement seemed to fan the flickering hope that we would soon reach a
place affording some avenue of escape, and this restlessness always made
camp-life doubly dismal,--the chief informed me that we should decamp
that day. Preparations had commenced, when one of his daughters came in
with a child crying at a tempestuous rate. The version which she gave of
his complaints arrested the marching orders. A messenger was forthwith
despatched for one skilled in the healing art. The physician soon
arrived, armed with two small packages rolled up in pieces of skin,
about a foot long and three or four inches in diameter, which I took to
be his medicine-chest. He walked gravely in, laid down the packages, and
squatted beside the mother, who held the little patient in her arms.
Whatever his ailment might have been, his lungs could not have been
impaired, for he was roaring like a young buffalo. Not a word was spoken
for some time, the doctor all the while looking him very steadily in the
eye. Then came a sudden calm, importing that the little fellow
experienced some relief, or, more probably, that he was exhausted. The
doctor ordered an application,--not of hot water, according to the
prescription of Sangrado, but of a mortar made of clay. The clay was
brought, the anxious mother worked it over with her two hands, spitting
upon it to give it the requisite moisture, and having reduced it to the
consistency of thick paint, bedaubed the little fellow from head to
foot, giving him a decidedly original appearance. He evidently took
umbrage at this unction, and discoursed in his shrillest tones till he
was fairly out of breath. The medicine-chests were opened, but, instead
of medicinal herbs, disclosed only a bunch of ostrich's sinews and a
rattle eight or ten inches long. The physician commenced fingering the
strings, and muttering almost inaudibly. This lasted four or five
minutes, at the expiration of which he seized his rattle, and clattered
away furiously for a minute or two, and resumed his place by his
patient, eying him intently as before. He then turned with an air of
importance to the chief, who had been crouching cross-legged on his
couch, leaning forward, with his arms tightly folded on his breast, and
watching anxiously the progress of the treatment. The man of skill broke
silence: "I think he is better; don't you?" The chief nodded, and
grunted assent. The same appeal was made to the mother, and received a
like response. Another plastering was ordered, another burst of melody
followed the application, the mysterious strings were again fingered,
duly followed by the rattle. The parent and grandparent once more
assented to the leech that the child was better. The chief took out a
piece of tobacco, and cut off enough for about two pipefuls, which was
tendered and gratefully accepted as a professional fee. The strings were
tied up and replaced in their proper receptacle, and the rattle was
shaken with hearty good will, whether by way of finale to the cure, or
as a note of gratitude for the fee, or of triumph for success, could not
easily be guessed. But the practitioner had scarcely evacuated the
lodge, before his patient broke out more vociferously than ever; which
I thought would somewhat shake the faith of his guardians in the
treatment he had received. But no; their confidence in their medical
adviser was not to be blown away by a breath, or even a tempest. They
evidently regarded him as nearly infallible. His remedies were obviously
aimed more at the imaginations of his spectators than at the body of his
patient, but it was no concern of mine. Patients among us have to endure
more disagreeable applications than wet clay. The noisy brat became
quiet, to our great relief. He shortly appeared to be quite well, and
continued to thrive for some time, as I had opportunity to witness.
The tribe went ahead with alacrity, to make up for the loss of time this
sickness occasioned. We moved off another day's journey towards nowhere
in particular, and settled there at night. Then ensued another season of
camp life, feasting and fasting, gambling and quarrelling, and venting
superfluous wrath in an abundance of "Cashuran cashaly's." The chief was
slightly indisposed, and I amused him with a description of the manner
in which our physicians count the pulse of their patients. He listened
with considerable interest, and sat thoughtfully ruminating on the
matter. He came to an unexpected and alarming conclusion; putting this
and my story of the _opodeldoc_ together, he made up his mind that I was
a physician myself! I protested against this inference, fearing that no
good would come of the responsibilities he was inclined to impose on me.
But the disclaimer was useless,--he stuck to the opinion; and in no long
time it was understood through all the tribe that I was a distinguished
doctor.
Now, it came to pass, at this critical turn of affairs, that a certain
widow, of pretty ripe years for a Patagonian, was taken suddenly ill.
Her husband had been murdered many years before by one of the tribe. She
was possessed of several horses, and, in virtue of this wealth, held an
aristocratic position in society. A messenger brought the tidings to the
chief, who ordered me forthwith to set the watch, and go with him to her
residence. I again assured him I knew nothing of sickness or medicine.
He told me he knew better, and bade me come along without delay. There
was no resisting his will, and I armed myself accordingly with the
"ticking machine," and followed my master on my first professional
visit. On approaching the widow's lodge, our ears were greeted with a
hideous clamor, which momentarily increased as we neared the spot. A
great crowd of Indians, of both sexes, surrounded the wigwam, severally
and collectively making the most villanous noise ever heard. The crowd
was dense, both within and without, but gave way for the chief and the
great foreign physician to enter. The first order I gave was to stop
their singing, whereat there was a silence so blank that the fall of a
pin would have been audible,--that is, if there had been a floor for it
to fall upon. With what dignity I could command, I walked up to my
patient. There she lay, crouched on a bit of horse's skin, so withered,
shrivelled and contracted, that it seemed as if a bushel-basket might
have covered her, bed and all. I knelt by her side, drew forth the
watch, grasped her by the wrist, and felt for her pulse. But, to my
surprise, I could not feel it. I fussed and fumbled a long time, and
finally arrived at the mortifying conclusion that I was so ignorant as
not to know the position of the artery! The patient was frightened at
so unprecedented a proceeding; but I succeeded in quieting her fears,
though not, alas! in counting her pulse. However, it occurred to me that
it was all one whether I did or not; so, keeping up an imperturbable
gravity becoming my office, I continued for some time to look wisely at
the watch, holding her wrist in profound silence. When I judged that a
due impression had been produced on the awe-stricken spectators, I
ventured to prescribe, not a clay plaster, for the patient was dirty
enough, in all conscience; nor yet any compound of drugs, for I had none
to administer; and as to roots and herbs, I durst not inflict upon her
stomach substances of unknown properties; but, after a little thought, I
ordered some water heated blood-warm, and the patient to be washed, and
thoroughly scrubbed, from head to foot. This, I thought, met the most
obvious indications of her case, as I doubt not a whole college of
physicians, upon a superficial view, would have unanimously agreed.
There could not have been a doubt as to the novelty of the prescription;
the respectable relict, it is safe to say, had never been washed so
thoroughly from infancy to that hour. Minute directions were given for
the bath, that the scrubbing should be particularly smart and thorough.
She was furthermore put upon a strict diet, excluding _grease_ and all
such luxuries, and we slowly retired from the sick room.
My solemnity was not affected,--far from it. Promotion from barber and
showman to the dignity of physician to the chief, was too dangerous to
be lightly considered. In fact, anxiety drove sleep from my eyes, and I
fervently prayed for the recovery of the widow; fearing, from what I
knew of the superstitions of the savages, that in case of her death I
should be held responsible. In this particular case, as very soon
appeared, I misjudged; but of the general principle I had startling
confirmation.
The widow was better,--my prescription worked to a charm,--but her days
were shortened. Late one night, after we had all retired to rest, a
ferocious-looking rascal came into the chief's lodge; he muttered a few
words to the chief, who arose, and went with him to the front of the
wigwam. They conversed in a low tone several minutes, and separated,
apparently with mutual satisfaction. I sounded the chief cautiously in
reference to the matter in hand. Calmly, and without reserve, as if it
were a very ordinary transaction, he said that the savages wished to
kill the widow, in order to possess themselves of her horses, which they
wanted to eat. I asked no further questions, being fully satisfied that
he connived at the dark deed, which was consummated without delay.
Before this tragic result, I had taken pains to disabuse the mind of the
chief as to my supposed medical skill, and was able to relieve myself of
the dangerous and burdensome honor.
Strange flesh was eaten by the Indians about this time; I was told it
was _lion-meat_, but was not invited to partake of it. The same thing
was observed several times; at times, too, when I was positive they had
killed no wild animals without my knowledge, or which were not disposed
of openly. The nature of my suspicions may be easily conjectured; yet I
made no inquiries, in even the most casual manner, as to their
disposition of their dead. It was painful to think of the atrocities,
that were but too probably shrouded under the mystery they cast over
these transactions. On one occasion, however, a young Indian, who could
speak a few words of Spanish and English, told me that they had killed
and eaten three men. Whether he meant to have me understand this as a
singular case, or as a common action of the tribe, I do not know; I made
no inquiries of him. In fact, the statement was volunteered by him; and
so painful was the subject, that I left him abruptly, in the middle of a
sentence.
We again moved in a north-westerly direction, taking a goodly quantity
of game on the route, and settled in a wretched, marshy spot. The wind
was high, and made the tents quiver like a ship in a gale; a storm set
in, beating through the roofs, drenching and chilling me through all the
night. On the evening of the second day of our encampment here, an
incident occurred which fearfully confirmed the wisdom of my decision to
renounce all title to medical skill. As I was seated by the dying embers
of a little fire, surrounded by our motley household, and tugging
manfully at a bit of half-raw meat, which constituted my evening meal,
while a large piece was in process of cooking over the fire, we were
suddenly startled by a cry of distress, followed by the distinct alarm
of _murder_. The chief drew back to the rear of his lodge, took down his
cutlass, and ordered me back from the fire, which was at once
extinguished by two of his squaws, while the other two ran to the door,
and set up a loud, lamentable wailing. All the women throughout the camp
were, in like manner, giving their voices to the air, and "making night
hideous;" and not a male Indian ventured to show his head for an hour or
more. It was to me an hour of fearful suspense, the agony of which I
cannot describe. At last a man came and told the chief that a doctor
had been murdered. He had visited a woman professionally, and treated
her case with charms and spells, but his prescriptions effected no
satisfactory result; and her husband went in a rage to his lodge, and
stabbed him with repeated blows, to make the work of death more sure. It
was a singular circumstance, that men capable of deliberate murder, and
who had so recently, with the tacit or open sanction of the chief,
strangled a woman for her horses, should have shown so much alarm at the
cry of murder on this occasion. The victim was an enormously fat man,
weighing, I should judge, nearly four hundred pounds. A horrible sight
presented itself the next morning, on going out of our hut; the snow
around the doctor's lodge was saturated with his blood. I drew back from
the sickening spectacle, unable to look upon it with composure. Beyond
their exhibition of stupid terror in the night, no notice was taken of
the act; and about noon the camp broke up. We travelled till night,
meeting with no success in the chase, and encamped on an extensive
plain, near a good spring of water.
It was an occasional diversion to watch the children at their sports, of
which a favorite one was throwing ostriches' feet, with the sinews of
the legs attached. The toes are cut off, and a pair of the feet are tied
together, with a piece of sinew about a yard long. The children begin to
practise the sport as soon as they are able to walk, and will continue
the amusement all day; one boy throwing them into the air, and others
throwing and hitting them as they fly, therein serving an apprenticeship
to the grand manly accomplishment of hurling the bolas. Young Cohanaco,
the chief's youngest son, appeared to excel all others; he was looked
upon as a remarkably smart and very active lad; and, though he was six
or eight years old, was not yet weaned! All the tribe fondled and
caressed him; he would practise with the boys, often without any
covering to his back, till excited and almost exhausted; then he would
run into the lodge, take refreshment at his mother's breast, and
speedily return to his sport.
All this time _Holland_ was not forgotten, but the chief and his lieges
were continually reminded of the urgent reasons for taking me there
without delay; the presents which could only be obtained there, the
fearful consequences of suffering me to come to harm, the great ships
with the big guns, &c. &c., that would assuredly avenge me upon the
whole tribe,--with what effect, beyond allaying present irritations and
discontents that threatened me, it was impossible to determine.
A novel sample of farriery offered itself to my observation one day,
while hunting with the chief; my old horse, on a sudden, began to
hobble, and very nearly gave out. I watched him some time, and jolted
on, suffering somewhat from his uneven movements, but could not discern
the occasion of the difficulty. On dismounting and examining his feet,
nothing serious was perceptible, except that the hoofs were worse for
wear, and broomed up a little. I remounted, and gave the poor creature a
smart drubbing, to overtake his owner, if possible, and consult him on
the case, which was one wherein I was content to defer to his wiser
judgment. Sufficient steam was raised to bring us abreast of the chief,
who, on hearing what was the matter, put spurs to his horse, and told
me to come on--"Bueno caballo, se campo, campo." I tried to comply, but
it was hard starting the beast, though I used up considerable wood to
that end. The chief having got far in advance, and finding me
desperately in arrears, hove to, and waited for me. I toiled on, and
succeeded in working a passage to his position. He dismounted, inspected
the horse's feet, and, directing me to wait his return, rode off. He
soon reappeared with a piece of guanaco-skin, which he tied securely
about the hoof of the lame foot. I expressed some surprise at this
method of shoeing horses; but he said, "Buenos zapatos,"--good
shoes,--and the event confirmed his words. The lameness nearly
disappeared, and we jogged on together without any further trouble.
While at this camping-ground, the chief one morning arose in a towering
passion at some words let fall by one of his wives, and exhibited
another sample of the rigor of matrimonial discipline, very similar to
that which graced the nuptials of his daughter. He gave her a tremendous
beating, which seemed enough to kill her outright; but she took it very
calmly, as a sort of necessary evil incident to the married state.
Once more on the move, the squaws taking charge of the furniture and
baggage, including the pappooses, and the men riding in advance as
usual, to chase supplies for the larder. Game was scarce; we got a
couple of ostriches and a skunk,--or a couple of skunks and an ostrich,
I forget which, and it makes less difference to the reader than at the
time it did to me. We cooked and lunched on the ground, and turned our
faces homeward with the scanty remainder. The women were busy erecting
the wigwams. The ground was frozen, and a large iron bolt, doubtless
from some wreck, served as a crowbar to dig holes for the stakes. The
encampment was on a hill-side, near a low swamp, which furnished
abundance of water, such as it was.
We had scarcely settled down, and I was dreading the stagnant monotony
of camp life, when dulness was dispelled in a most unwelcome manner.
Knots of Indians could be seen in murmuring conversation, whose glances
betrayed the bent of their passions. They were again getting impatient
of my life, and caresses and flattery were of no avail to stem the
rising tide. On the evening of the third day, I was summoned out of the
lodge by the chief, and followed him in silence, with a trembling
presentiment of evil. He led me to a spot where twenty or thirty leading
spirits in the tribe sat ranged in a circle,--the fatal ring was once
more set to ensnare me! Once I had escaped. Was it possible to effect a
second escape? Everything said no. The chances seemed a hundred to one
against it. What had I left unsaid, to tempt their cupidity, to excite
alarm, to make them value my safety or dread the effects of harming me?
I could think of nothing, and the dismal prospect benumbed every faculty
of my soul. But, as I entered the ominous circle, an access of fresh
strength, the courage of desperation, enabled me to bear up with energy
against perplexity and fear; to resolve that I would meet them with a
steadfast eye and an inflexible mind,--a force which, though springing
out of weakness, should prove stronger than their utmost malice.
Having seated myself near the chief, the consultation began and
proceeded much as before, but with increased vehemence. Their
demonstrations were alarming, but, to my joy, the chief took the same
view as in the former council. Would he be able to restrain their savage
tempers? His power was great, but there was a limit to its effect, and I
feared. In my turn I sought to enforce his views, by arraying all the
motives invention could produce, and was able to perceive that they had
some weight. Again the matter was canvassed around the ring. There was a
hesitation, as if they felt suspicious and unsatisfied. Then they began
to cross-examine me; my promises were not explicit enough. What did I
mean to give them? The answer did not content them; they wanted more.
More or less made no difference to me, and I gave them assurance of all
the good things they craved, when we should arrive at _Holland_. Another
talk followed, and brought them to a pretty unanimous conclusion, that
they would get the presents first, and _decide my fate afterwards_;--a
"squeeze-your-orange-and-throw-it-away" policy, in which these rascals
seemed to be remarkable adepts.
The natives had no idea that I could understand their talk, and I was
not at all eager to display my acquisitions. In fact, though unable to
speak their jargon, my ear had become pretty well trained to interpret
it, while my scraps of half Spanish enabled me, without suspicion, to
hear, mark and digest, much of their conversation. This was, in part,
acquired in teaching some of them, the youth especially, to speak
English and to count,--a pursuit in which I engaged partly for their
benefit, and partly for my own. Besides aiding me in learning their
language, it tended, so far as it diverted their attention, to keep
mischief out of their heads, after the manner in which constant
employment maintains order in a ship's crew. It added to my knowledge
of their character and ways of thinking, so that, in dangerous
emergencies, I was able to detect the first symptoms of evil. More than
once it enabled me to elude or to nip in the bud dangerous conspiracies,
which, if they had gone further, might have proved fatal to me.
Circumspection made self-possession more easy. I will confess--though
the narrative may have made confession needless--that I am naturally
timid, and inclined to the better part of valor. Yet somehow--God
helping me--I early learned to hide my constitutional timidity under a
show of fearlessness, even in circumstances of great peril. More than
once, when a savage drew his knife at me, have I looked him in the eye
and disarmed him by a laugh; perhaps laying hold of the instrument of
death, trying its edge and praising its qualities, till its owner was
shamed into quiet. One piece of English that tickled the chief was the
title of "Old Boy," with which (from a conviction of its
appropriateness) I early honored him, and which he appeared to relish as
much as if I had called him "His Majesty."
The council, to my great relief, at length broke up, and I returned to
my wretched shelter. The chief pointed to my bed, and bade me lie down.
I complied, not to sleep, but to adore the Providence that had twice
rescued me as from the very jaws of death, to reflect on the past and to
speculate on the future. The excitement of the evening kept me wakeful,
and the night wore away and the morning dawned, without sleep for a
moment visiting my eyes.