soldiers were kept under arms, perhaps fearing a general attack from
the citizens, while on their part the citizens expected a general
outbreak of the troops, at any moment. The officers in command were
supposed to be conducting an investigation, and when it was given out
that the midnight attack could not have come from the garrison, but had
probably been made by a gang of Mexicans from across the river; when it
was further stated that the garrison had been attacked, and the shots
said to have been fired from there during the raid, had been fired in
defense; such statements only meant, to the citizens of Brownsville,
that Major Penrose and his officers were going to protect their
troops, or had been intimidated by them. Rumors of another outbreak
continued. Women barely slept. Men began to move their families
away. Two rangers of Captain McDonald's command--Blaze Delling and
Sam McKenzie--came over from a subordinate ranger camp at Harlingen,
twenty-five miles distant, and these undertook to collect evidence,
and aided in patrolling the town. Other appeals for help had brought
no result. Telegrams for relief were answered non-committally, or not
at all. When Captain McDonald himself, with the other two members of
his little company--Sergeant W.J. McCauley and C.T. Ryan--arrived on
the evening of the twenty-first, Brownsville, resentful and despairing,
hailed the veteran regulator with open arms.
XXXIX
Captain Bill on the Scene
THE SITUATION AT BROWNSVILLE. RANGERS MCDONALD AND MCCAULEY DEFY THE
U.S. ARMY. CAPTAIN BILL HOLDS A COURT OF INQUIRY
Captain McDonald had been serving as Sergeant-at-Arms for the
Democratic State Convention at Dallas when the Brownsville attack
occurred. Brownsville was in his district and he had expected to
be ordered there at once, but was counseled by Governor Lanham to
remain in Dallas until Adjutant-General Hulen, of the State troops,
then maneuvering at Austin, should be advised to act. On the morning
after the outbreak, General Hulen had been implored by the mayor and
citizens of Brownsville to come to their relief, and Captain McDonald
supposed that Hulen would promptly respond, with troops from the Austin
encampment. A few days later, when the convention ended, the Ranger
Captain hurried to Austin and found that no action of any kind was in
progress, or contemplated. The State troops were still at Camp Mabry,
maneuvering, and firing blank cartridges. Captain Bill went out there.
"Give me some of the men that are over there bombarding the hills, and
I'll go down and settle that Brownsville business," he said.
General Hulen replied that he had no authority to investigate any
action of Federal troops; to do so would be to invite a charge to
treason.
"Treason!" said Captain Bill, "Why, them hellions have violated the
laws of the State, shooting into people's houses and committing murder.
I don't care what else they are, they're criminals. It's my sworn duty
to investigate such business as that, and I'm going to do it, if I have
to go there alone!" And Captain Bill might have added, "If this be
treason, make the most of it."
Certainly he did not consider that he needed other authority to hunt
down criminals than that invested in him as Captain of Company B,
Ranger Force. The Commonwealth of Texas and its laws had been for
a quarter of a century--first, last and all the time--his chief
consideration. To him, Texas was the biggest thing under the sky.
Without further discussion, now, he proceeded immediately to his
headquarters at Alice, picked up McCauley and Ryan, and hurried to
Brownsville. At Corpus Christi, District Judge Stanley Welch, who
had an office at Brownsville, boarded the train. He greeted Captain
McDonald and his Rangers with enthusiasm, and spoke feelingly of the
fact that nothing had been done by either State or Federal authorities.
He assured the Rangers that they had full power to take such steps
and to use such means as were necessary to identify and punish the
offenders.
It was about six o'clock in the evening of Tuesday, August 21, that
Captain Bill and his little force of two reached Brownsville. The
Captain immediately paid a visit to Mayor Combe, and to Chairman of
the Citizens' Committee Kelley. He learned that a Major Blocksom,
under orders from Washington, had arrived at the fort, to join Major
Penrose in his investigations, but that neither these officers nor the
Citizens' Committee had made any progress toward the identification of
the criminals. Members of the committee further informed the Captain
that in spite of some existing prejudice among the townspeople, Major
Penrose was an estimable gentleman, doing all in his power to bring the
offenders to justice. He had stated, they said, that he would get to
the bottom of the mystery if it took him ten years to do it.
"Ten years!" said Captain Bill. "What does he need all that time for!
He could do it in ten minutes, if he wanted to and tried. He knows his
men, and he could find out who was absent during the shooting. And he
knows just about who would be likely to get into a gang like that. I'll
find them out, myself, and I won't be ten years about it--nor ten days,
neither."
They applauded Captain Bill, then, and added him to the Citizens'
Committee. They knew the sort of thing he had done, time and again, and
that he was not given to vain boastings. Also, they denounced their
chief State officials and the country generally for indifference and
inaction.
Captain McDonald now looked up his two men, Delling and McKenzie, to
learn what they had done. They had done a good deal in a quiet way.
They had discovered Mexicans living near the post who claimed to have
seen shots fired from there, before and during the raid, and to have
followed the track of the raiders by the flash of their guns. Further,
the Rangers had learned that a squad of soldiers, with Captain Lyon of
Company C, had visited the jail immediately after the shooting-up of
the town, claiming that citizens had fired on the post, and making a
demand for Captain Macklin (white) and Corporal Miller (colored), of
Company B. Captain Lyon had not explained why he expected to find these
officers in jail, perhaps leaving it to be assumed that they had taken
refuge there during the attack mentioned. Delling and McKenzie also
had located two ex-soldiers (negroes) supposed to have been out with
the mob--at least, it seemed certain that they had inside knowledge
of the matter. One of these ex-soldiers kept a saloon a distance
from the center of the town, and the Rangers had ascertained that on
the evening of the raid this saloon had closed earlier than usual, a
suspicious circumstance. McDonald and his men worked most of the night,
continuing these investigations. They located one of the ex-soldiers
and lodged him in jail, where Captain Bill put him through a sort of
"third degree" examination. Later he looked up the prisoner's wife and
questioned her. By morning he had learned enough to warrant him in
beginning an investigation in the fort itself.
With his sergeant, W.J. McCauley, "one of the bravest and best," he was
on his way to the fort next morning, when he was stopped by members of
the Citizens' Committee.
"You can never go into that fort and come out alive," they said.
"Why not?"
"Because those men are all under arms, and excited. Unless you can show
an order from Major Penrose they will shoot you down, sure."
"Well, I'm sorry, but I'm not going to get any order from Penrose.
Them niggers have violated the laws of the State, and it's my duty to
investigate the crime. I never yet had to have an order to go any place
my duty called me. I'm going into that fort, and the only pass I want
I've got right here."
The Captain carried an automatic shot-gun that would go off about half
a dozen times a second, and his sergeant bore a Winchester repeating
rifle, also automatic in its action. These lay in position for easy and
immediate use. The two men had been together in many conflicts, and had
faced death too often to waver now. McKenzie, Delling and Ryan had been
left behind so that in event of a fight at the entrance, and another
outbreak, the town would not be without protection. The committee
stepped aside, and McDonald and McCauley proceeded to the garrison. At
the entrance they were suddenly confronted by a file of about twenty
soldiers, with rifles leveled.
"Halt!"
Captain Bill and his sergeant never even hesitated. With their own arms
in position for instant action they marched steadily into the muzzles
of those leveled guns--the Captain, meantime, admonishing the men
behind them.
"You niggers, hold up there! You've already got into trouble with them
old guns of yours. I'm Captain McDonald, of the State Rangers, and I'm
down here to investigate a foul murder you scoundrels have committed.
I'll show you niggers something you've never been use' to. _Put up them
guns!_"
And the guns went up, with the quick, concerted movement of a drill.
There was something in that total disregard of danger--in that tone
and manner and in those eyes, now gray and hard and penetrating--that
inspired awe and obedience. Captain Bill gave them no time to reflect.
"Now, where's Major Penrose?" he said.
The negroes became respectful, even deferential. One of them said:
"Yes, suh, cap'n--yes, suh. Major Penrose is right over in his
house--second building, suh."
"One of you niggers come and show him to me."
Captain Bill, it may be remembered, does not mince his words. A white
man who has committed a crime is, to him, always a "scoundrel," or
worse, openly. A black offender, to him, is not a negro, or a colored
man, but a "nigger," usually with pictorial adjectives.
One of the men now hastily escorted the Ranger Captain and his sergeant
to Major Penrose's headquarters. Major Blocksom, who already, perhaps,
had seen enough to warrant his subsequent characterization of Captain
Bill's willingness to "charge hell with a bucket of water," was on
hand; also, District Attorney Kleiber. As the Captain entered, he said:
"I am Captain McDonald, of the State Rangers. I am here to investigate
a very foul murder, which these men of yours have committed."
Major Penrose, rising, said:
"Come into my office."
They went in, followed by the others. Captain McDonald seated himself
at the end of the table, with Sergeant McCauley at his left and Major
Penrose at his right. Attorney Kleiber and Major Blocksom sat below, on
either side. The court of inquiry was open. There were no preliminaries.
"Major Penrose," Captain Bill began, "I have come here to see what you
can tell me about this murder that has been committed in Brownsville."
Penrose replied readily, and with apparent frankness:
"I can tell you absolutely nothing. I cannot find out a thing from my
men."
Captain Bill faced him steadily.
"Well, it seems very strange to me," he said, "that you cannot find
out anything about your own men. I've been in charge of men for twenty
years, and I've never had any that I couldn't find out anything I
wanted to know from, if they knew it."
Major Penrose looked a trifle depressed.
"Here in a little camp of less than two hundred men," Captain Bill went
on, "fifteen or twenty of them break out and shoot into people's houses
and commit murder and then come back to quarters. And yet you can't
detect any of the criminals. How about the officer of the day and the
guard in charge of the guns and ammunition? Don't they know anything?"
Major Penrose shifted a little.
"The colored officers probably know whatever there is to know about
this matter," he said, "but I have no way of getting it out of them."
"Well then, I have," declared Captain Bill.
"Very well," assented Penrose, "I wish you would do it."
The Ranger Captain became suddenly a fox--his ears alert, his nose
sharp, his eyes needle-pointed.
"What niggers were out that night?" he asked.
"Only two were out that night, and all answered to roll-call, at eight
and eleven o'clock."
"You are sure only two were out that night?"
"Perfectly sure."
"How about Corporal Miller and Sergeant Jackson?"
"Corporal Miller was here, I know, because I saw him. Captain Macklin
also saw him and talked with him."
"Where was Captain Macklin, at the time?"
"He was officer of the day, and in charge that evening."
"Send and get Captain Macklin; I want to talk to him."
Captain Macklin of Company B arrived, wearing a sort of uneasy bravado,
which did not improve under Captain Bill's keen scrutiny.
"How many of your men, Captain Macklin, had passes on the evening of
August 13th?" was the first question.
"Only two," replied Macklin, giving two names not down on Captain
McDonald's list of suspects.
"Where were the others?"
"They were all in the barracks and answered to eight o'clock and eleven
o'clock roll-call."
"What happened after that time?"
"I don't know. I went to my quarters soon after eleven o'clock and
turned in a little before twelve. I was asleep when I heard somebody
knock on my door. I got up and found it was about ten minutes after
midnight. I didn't know what the knock was for, so I smoked a couple of
pipes and drank a bottle of beer and went back to bed. I got up again
at three o'clock, when everything was in commotion."
"Now, Macklin, your quarters are just back of Company B's barracks; it
was a hot night and the windows were open, and according to your own
story you were awake just when all this shooting and racket and the
call to arms came off. How does it come you didn't hear it?"
Captain Macklin looked rather discomposed.
"Well, I was only awake a little while, and of course I was pretty
sleepy."
"You were awake enough to smoke two pipes and drink a bottle of beer?"
"Yes."
"And you couldn't have done it in a minute."
"Well, no."
"And yet you say you didn't hear a thing of what was going on outside?"
"Well, of course, I suppose I did hear noises, but I didn't think them
anything unusual."
"Nothing unusual about shooting and bugle blowing and a general call to
arms?"
"I didn't say that I heard those. Of course I didn't hear them."
"How did it happen, Macklin, that Captain Lyon and some men, after the
raid that night, went to the jail to find you?"
"They didn't do it. I never heard of it, at all."
"Where was Corporal Miller that night?"
Captain Macklin was clearly relieved to get away from the story of his
own personal movements on the night of that fateful 13th.
"Corporal Miller was in the barracks. He was present at both
roll-calls."
"Very well, send for Corporal Miller. Send and get that Miller nigger
and let me talk to him."
Corporal Miller came promptly. He carried his gun and wore the air of a
major general. His manner was distinctly defiant and insolent. Nobody
said anything for a moment, but Captain Bill's X-ray eyes were boring
him through. Miller grew uneasy, shifted his feet and seemed to be
shriveling. Major Blocksom said:
"Corporal, Captain McDonald wants to ask you some questions. Set your
gun down over there."
Miller obeyed rather sullenly, and came to attention.
"Miller," said Captain Bill, "where were you on the night this murder
was committed?"
The tone and directness of the question dazed the man. He did not
immediately find words. The Captain repeated:
"I want you to tell me, Miller, where you were when this murder was
committed, on the night of August the 13th."
If Corporal Miller had any other story to tell, he had forgotten it.
"I was down town," he said.
"How long had you been down there?"
"All the evening, ever since dark."
"Where were you before that?"
"I was over in Matamoras. I came back to Mack Hamilton's house
(Hamilton was the ex-soldier already in jail), and sat talking to his
wife. Then I went up town. When the shooting happened, I was down the
other side the beef market, at a saloon."
Captain Bill's eyes gleamed a little. All of this was in direct
contradiction to the testimony of Major Penrose and Captain Macklin.
"Now, Miller," he said, "you couldn't have been anywhere you say,
because you were here at eight o'clock and eleven o'clock, and answered
to roll-call."
It was impossible for the man to reason, just then. He only realized
that his statement was being contradicted, and that he was on the
defensive.
"I reckon I know where I was!" he said sullenly.
Captain Bill was seemingly aroused.
"You scoundrel, don't you give me any of your back talk! You answer my
questions, sir!"
At this point Major Penrose interposed a query as to the whereabouts
of Miller at some previous time--during a shooting affair that
had occurred ten years before. Captain Bill promptly checked this
diversion. He said:
"Hold on there, Penrose, we don't care for that now. I'm investigating
what happened last week. You-all failed to find out anything. I'm
finding out something. When I get through with Miller you can ask him
about ninety-six or seventy-six, if you want to." Then, to Miller:
"What did you do after the shooting?"
The man's reply became a mixture of incongruities. He had stayed at
the saloon, he said, until all was quiet, about one o'clock. Then he
had come up to the Post, to defend it, having heard that it had been
attacked by citizens. Captain Lyon had a squad of forty-five men out
looking for Captain Macklin at the jail. He, Miller, had taken a gun
from a gun-rack that had been broken open, and joined the search. He
didn't know why Captain Lyon had expected to find Captain Macklin in
jail.
Corporal Miller was excused and other negroes summoned and examined.
Their stories were confused, contradictory and full of guilt. Finally
a soldier appeared, whose name, C.W. Askew, corresponded with the
initials written in the cap, found in the street the morning after the
raid.
Askew came in with the usual "sassy" look, faced Captain Bill, wilted,
and lost his memory. He had previously lost his hearing, it would seem,
for like Captain Macklin, he had heard nothing of the shooting, or the
confusion, until the call to arms, when he had hurried to a rack that
was broken open and got the first gun he came to.
"Let me see your cap," said Captain McDonald.
Askew handed it over.
The cap was a new one. Inside were the initials, "C.W.A." freshly
written and corresponding exactly with those in the cap found on the
street.
Captain Bill handed it back.
"Where is your old one?" he said.
"I've got two or three old ones."
"I want to see them; get them and bring them here."
Askew started for his caps and Captain Macklin went with him. They
returned, presently, with two old caps, in size 7-1/4 and 7-3/4,
respectively. Askew's new cap and the one found in the mud were both
number 7's. Captain Bill look them over, then turned to Askew.
"Don't you generally write your name in your caps?" he asked.
"Yes, sir, most generally. Anyhow, I do sometimes."
"Did you write your initials in this new cap? Is the handwriting yours!"
"Yes, sir."
"That will do. You can go, now."
C.W. Askew of Company B, Twenty-seventh Infantry, withdrew, and Captain
Bill was alone with his board of inquiry. For some moments he regarded
the two officers with silent scorn. Then, to Major Penrose, he said:
"When I came here you told me you couldn't find out anything. I've been
here a half an hour and I've found out enough, with what I got last
night, to warrant me in charging a bunch of your men with murder. How
do you explain that?"
Major Penrose's face showed that he was unhappy. He said:
"You have had more experience in such matters, and understand better
how to go at it than I do."
"Yes, I have only asked for the facts--that's all. I didn't try to
get anybody to tell me a lie. I've found that a whole bunch of these
niggers was out that you and your captain said was in. You-all are
trying to cover up this matter, and it makes you just as sorry and
guilty as these niggers, making you accessories to the crime."
In employing the word "sorry" here, Captain Bill meant "mean" and
"paltry," but any one could see that the word applied equally well in
its other uses.
"You are sorrier than these niggers," he went on, "because you, as
their officers, and as men of the United States Army, ought to be first
to hunt out the guilty ones, instead of trying to hide them. As for
Macklin there I think he was out with the niggers, and when he didn't
come home with them--he having got scared and hid out, I reckon--they
thought he'd got caught and put in jail."[16]
Captain Bill turned to District Attorney Kleiber.
"I want to make a complaint," he said, "against these men here for
being accessories to this murder by trying to cover it up. If this kind
of thing is going on in the army, it's time the country found it out."
Neither Major Penrose nor Captain Macklin made any coherent defense
to these charges, and Captain McDonald, with his sergeant, left the
Post. The Rangers spent the rest of the day in completing the evidence
against the thirteen suspects--one ex-soldier and twelve privates of
Company B. It did not appear that members of the other two companies
had taken part in the raid, though there was plenty of evidence to show
that many of them had full knowledge of the affair and of the parties
concerned. District Judge Welch issued the warrants, declaring the
evidence amply sufficient, and heartily approving Captain McDonald's
action throughout--District Attorney Kleiber assenting. They agreed
that the statutes clearly gave the Ranger Captain the right to arrest
and hold any offender against the State law, whether in federal or
civil employ. The cases of Officers Penrose and Macklin, however, they
decided to leave to military tribunals.
On the following morning, Thursday, August 23d, armed with the
warrants, Captain McDonald and Sergeant McCauley again appeared at the
entrance of Fort Brown. Evidently the garrison had recovered its poise
a little over-night, and was again defiant, for once more a file of men
with guns stood there to bar admission. Among this guard were Corporal
Miller, Sergeant Jackson and most of the other suspects. As the Rangers
approached, the U.S. rifles once more came to a level accompanied, as
before by the peremptory word,
"Halt!"
Captain Bill, looking along the barrel of his automatic shot-gun, was
inclined to be almost polite.
"What do you damned niggers want, this time?" he said.
"You must get an order from Major Penrose to come in here to-day," was
the answer.
"You niggers put up them guns! You've already committed one murder!"
was Captain Bill's single comment as with Sergeant McCauley he pushed
straight ahead. Both Rangers entered with their own guns leveled, and
would have opened fire instantly had there been the slightest movement
on the part of the guard. But whatever their orders, the negroes gave
way and made no further resistance.
The Rangers presently found Major Penrose and showed him a warrant for
twelve of his men. The officer appeared to have cheered up a bit. He
ran down the list with quite a business-like air.
"You've got six or eight of the right men," he said, "but the others
were not in it."
"Oh, then you do know that some of your men are guilty--and who they
are," commented Captain Bill. "Well, pick 'em out. Which ones are
they?"
Penrose hesitated.
"I mean that you have six or eight of the right kind of men," he
qualified.
"All right, then pick out the ones that are not the right kind of men."
But the major would not or could not undertake to do this. McDonald
then said:
"Now, I'll tell you what I want you to do with these men. I don't want
to put them in the jail; the sheriff is no good, and it would take too
many of my men to guard them. I want you to put them in the guardhouse
here and hold them on this warrant until I get through investigating.
Will you do that much?"
Penrose first refused, but Major Blocksom, who was present, said
that this was a fair proposition, and the major agreed to do it. The
men were placed under guard and there seemed a reasonable chance
that the whole matter would be sifted by the courts and that the
guilty would be punished. The Rangers left the garrison to continue
their inquiries about town, in the pursuit of further evidence, well
satisfied with their progress thus far, and greeted everywhere with the
congratulations of thankful citizens.
FOOTNOTES: