[Footnote 215: Little Britain.--Tr.]
[Footnote 216: He with the long shoes, in his "Education of a Young
Prince, 1705."]
[Footnote 217: Thus did merely the first edition, in 1797, speak of the
Viennese; a third, improved one, in 1819, acknowledges also an improved
edition of them, although it retains lively _shadows_ of their former
times.]
[Footnote 218: A coarse writer no longer known.--Tr.]
[Footnote 219: Author of the Burlesque Virgil.--Tr.]
[Footnote 220: The author appears to have had in his mind a
reminiscence of a passage in Bürger's "Lenore":--
"Like croak of frogs in marshy plain,
Swelled on the breeze that dismal strain," &c.--Tr.]
[Footnote 221: Sacred musical composition of a stylish character.--Tr.]
[Footnote 222: The Jewish name for Sabbath in the Middle Ages. See
Auerbach's Spinoza.--Tr.]
[Footnote 223: Latin for ruins, fragments of old buildings, &c.--Tr.]
[Footnote 224: "He toucheth the hills, and they smoke."--Tr.]
[Footnote 225: December is most favorable to astronomical
observations.]
[Footnote 226: A musical direction: Go back to the sign; Begin
again.--Tr.]
[Footnote 227: The German word is _Kälte_, which explains the
incongruity of our English heading.--Tr.]
[Footnote 228: A word copied exactly from the German, and well enough
justified by the analogy of _rookery_, for instance.--Tr.]
[Footnote 229: See that noble passage of Milton, beginning
"I cannot praise a fugitive and cloistered virtue."--Tr.]
[Footnote 230: I have wholly recast the letter N, because in the first
edition I unfortunately had a good idea, which, without recollecting
its first publication, I gave the world a second time, as a learned
thief of my own property, in the commentary on the woodcuts. [Probably
the ones illustrating the Ten Commandments, in the _Campaner Thal_,
Jean Paul's work on Immortality.--Tr.]]
[Footnote 231: The royal band (of twenty-four).--Tr.]
[Footnote 232: A freethinker and Freemason, in the latter half of the
eighteenth century imprisoned, for a certain comedy, in Magdeburg
fortress.--Tr.]
[Footnote 233: The highway.--Tr.]
[Footnote 234: As an example, we have now the First Principle of
Morals, and that of the Forms of Government.]
[Footnote 235: Self-government.--Tr.]
[Footnote 236: See his _Am[oe]n. Acad_., the treatise on the habitable
globe.]
[Footnote 237: The hysterical ball, i. e. the hysteric morbid feeling,
as if a ball were rolling up into the throat.]
[Footnote 238: Used here by Jean Paul evidently, with figurative
freedom, for a Russian swing, but meaning originally a _chariot-race_
(afterward tournament), and derived from _currus solis_ (chariot of the
sun).--Tr.]
[Footnote 239: Conjurer's jargon.--Tr.]
[Footnote 240: "The _Litones_ were slaves among the old Saxons, who
still possessed a third of their property, and could make contracts for
it." _Flegeljahre_, No. 8.--Tr.]
[Footnote 241: An instrument for determining the blueness of the sky.]
[Footnote 242: French for a male flirt.--Tr.]
[Footnote 243: Differing laws.--Tr.]
[Footnote 244: Axiom in law; named from Brocard, a Bishop of Worms, who
made a collection of canons called "Brocardica Juris."--Tr.]
[Footnote 245: Proculus and Sabinus were the founders of two rival
schools of jurisprudence in Rome (Proculians and Sabinians) in the
first century of our era.--Tr.]
[Footnote 246: A term from the Pandects of Justinian, meaning
liabilities to burdens or duties.--Tr.]
[Footnote 247: Alluding to the consolidating of stocks, debts,
&c.--Tr.]
[Footnote 248: An Italian astronomer and anatomist, born in 1602.--Tr.]
[Footnote 249: Faust (meaning both fist and the Faust of story) is the
word in the original.--Tr.]
[Footnote 250: Or journey.--Tr.]
[Footnote 251: There is a play on words in the original, _Hof_ meaning
_court_, and also, when applied to the sun or moon, a _circle_ round
the luminary.--Tr.]
[Footnote 252: The original has a slight pun; _über die Tafel_ meaning
both _on the subject_ of the table and _during_ the table (or
dinner).--Tr.]
[Footnote 253: A name given to different groups of delicate muscles in
certain sensitive parts of the human body.--Tr.]
[Footnote 254:
"But where of ye, O tempests, is the goal!
Are ye like those within the human breast,
Or do ye find, like eagles, some high nest?"
_Childe Harold_.]
[Footnote 255: The snake-stone sucks at the wound till it has sucked
out all the poison.]
[Footnote 256: In a nutshell.--Tr.]
[Footnote 257: The conservative or court party in the French Revolution
were called the _noirs_ (blacks), from the fact of the emigrant nobles
wearing black velvet. The _Ensragés_ was the name of a radical
club.--Tr.]
[Footnote 258: Literally, the game of _man_ (_ombre_, Spanish).--Tr.]
[Footnote 259: Joachime, Clotilda, Victor, and the Devil.]
[Footnote 260: _Mort_ (French) in the original.--Tr.]
[Footnote 261: Manager of the game.--Tr.]
[Footnote 262: Or face-card.--Tr.]
[Footnote 263: No pun in the original.--Tr.]
[Footnote 264: A Parisian anatomiste (b. 1719) persecuted by the
profession to London, where she exhibited her wax-skeleton with
success.--Tr.]
[Footnote 265: Described on pages 127-134.--Tr.]
[Footnote 266: Entertainments for the gods, at which their images
were laid on couches (_lecti_), and food was served up to them in
public.--Tr.]
[Footnote 267: _Panist_ from the Latin _panis_,--an allusion to an old
class of charity scholars. It might be rendered, _loafer_.--Tr.]
[Footnote 268: Alluding to the long attempts in Germany to fuse the
Calvinistie and Lutheran Churches.--Tr.]
[Footnote 269: _Musicus_ here, not _musicant_, which latter means the
more common performer, fiddler, or whatever else.--Tr.]
[Footnote 270: Father confessor.--Tr.]
[Footnote 271: Plutarch mentions how vain Pompey's cavaliers were of
their personal appearance, and that Cæsar accordingly directed his
soldiers to aim at their faces; "for Cæsar hoped that those young
cavaliers who had not been used to wars and wounds, and who set
a great value on their beauty, would avoid above all things a stroke
in that part, and immediately give way, as well on account of the
present danger as the future deformity. The event answered his
expectation."--Tr.]
[Footnote 272: To save the external decencies of virtue.--Tr.]
[Footnote 273: I. e., O Clarissa! behold your Lovelace; let us skip the
first four volumes, and, like the makers of Epics, begin with the
rest!]
[Footnote 274: A kind of fire-alarm.--Tr.]
[Footnote 275: These terms are adopted as the shortest correspondents
of the German _bürgerlich_ and _stiftfähig_.--Tr.]
[Footnote 276: He mistakes; Leibnitz only said, everything difficult
was light to him, and everything light difficult.]
[Footnote 277: As the old fellow who carried his pipe in his boot, when
his leg was shot off at the battle of Prague, grabbed at his pipe first
and then at his leg. (See Old Song.)--Tr.]
[Footnote 278: "Colors produced on ores by the action of the
air."--Adler.]
[Footnote 279: _Viel-Liebe_ is Jean Paul's word, to match which, after
the analogy of Polygamy (marriage to many), we might coin the word
_Polyagapy_ (love to many).--Tr.]
[Footnote 280: Instead of _malade imaginaire_, an imaginary invalid,
she was an imaginary _convalescent_.--Tr.]
[Footnote 281: _Adjuvans_ is the ingredient which strengthens the
powers of the main ingredients; _constituens_ is what gives the
medicine the form of pill, electuary or mixture.]
[Footnote 282: One weeps, one cries, one sighs, one lies, one raves,
one kills, one dies,--in fine, one gives himself to all the devils, in
order to have his angel.--Tr.]
[Footnote 283: As we say _pea-soup_, _vermicelli-soup_.]
[Footnote 284: Referring to the one whose marriage to the Senior
Parson's daughter Victor witnessed that night from his window.--Tr.]
[Footnote 285: See note to page 194.--Tr.]
[Footnote 286: Of course, Procrustes.--Tr.]
[Footnote 287: Cheeks.--Tr.]
[Footnote 288: The God of sleep was attended by three beings:
_Phantasus_, who could change himself only into lifeless things;
_Phobetor_, who could assume and conjure up all animal forms; and
_Moropheus_, who could, all human forms. Metamorph. Lib. II. Fab. 10.]
[Footnote 289: Painter's colics.--Tr.]
[Footnote 290: "Seed to the sower and bread to the eater."
(Isaiah.)--Tr.]
[Footnote 291: Nor yet by a luxury, whose magnitude one exaggerates in
comparing their outlays with our income, and which injured them only in
this way, that they inherited the nations like East Indian cousins. It
was that of a cobbler who has won the highest prize in the lottery; it
was the squandering of a soldier after the plundering. Hence they had
luxury without refinement. It could maintain its greatness only by
growing greater. Had one thrown to them America with its gold bars,
they might, with greater luxury, have gone on this crutch some
centuries longer.]
[Footnote 292: It is well known that the head of the poor negro is shut
up in a hollow one of iron, which presses down his tongue.]
[Footnote 293: Written in the year 1792.]
[Footnote 294: The millionnaire presupposes the beggar, the scholar,
the Helot; the higher culture of individuals is purchased by the
degradation of the mass.]
[Footnote 295: Written in 1792. At present the tempest which once stood
in the heavens over all Europe lies out there in the level earth.]
[Footnote 296: For after 400,000 years the earth's axis, as Jupiter's
is now, will be perpendicular to the plane of its orbit.]