TABERNA, see _Deversorium_.
TABULÆ, see _Axes_.
TACERE, TACITURNUS, see _Silere_.
TÆDA, see _Fax_.
TÆDET, see _Piget_.
TÆTER, see _Teter_.
TALEA, see _Rami_.
TALIO, see _Vindicta_.
TARDARE, see _Manere_.
TARDUS; LENTUS. +Tardus+ denotes slowness, with reference to the great
length of time spent, in opp. to _citus_, Sall. Cat. 5; whereas
+lentus+, with reference to quietness of motion, in opp. to _acer_, etc.
Quintil. ix. 4. (iv. 218.)
TELLUS; TERRA; SOLUM; HUMUS. +Tellus+ denotes the earth as a whole, as
the centre of the universe, as a goddess, in opp. to other bodies in the
universe, or other divinities, like #Gaia#, #Gê#; whereas +terra+
(#tersô#, torreo,) as matter and one of the elements in opp. to the
other elements, like #gaia#, #gê#); _solum_ (#holon#) as a solid
element, in opp. especially to water, like #pedon#; lastly, +humus+
(#chthôn#, #chamai#), as the lowest part of the visible world, in opp.
to the sky, like #chthôn#. Hence the derivative +terrenus+ is in opp. to
_igneus_; +solidus+ is in opp. to _fluidus_; lastly, +humilis+, in opp.
to _sublimis_. (i. 173.)
TEMETUM, see _Vinum_.
TEMPERATIO, see _Modus_.
TEMPESTAS, see _Ventus_.
TEMPLUM; FANUM; DELUBRUM; ÆDES; SACELLUM. 1. +Templum+, +fanum+, and
+delubrum+, denote properly the temple, together with the consecrated
environs, like #hieron#; whereas +ædes+, the building only, like #naos#;
lastly, +sacellum+, a consecrated place without the building, with
merely an altar. 2. In a narrower sense, +templum+ denotes a great
temple of one of the principal gods; whereas +fanum+ and +delubrum+, a
smaller temple of an inferior god, or of a hero, etc.
TEMPUS, see _Dies_.
TEMULENTUS, see _Ebrietas_.
TENEBRÆ, see _Obscurum_.
TENERE; HABERE; POSSIDERE. +Tenere+ (from #teinein#) means, to have
anything fast in one's hand, and in physical possession; +habere+ (from
#scheô#) to have in one's power, and in effective possession;
+possidere+ (from #poti# and sedere) to have, as one's own property, and
in legal possession, Plin. Ep. i. 16. Tenet, habet, possidet. (vi. 366.)
TENTARE; EXPERIRI; PERICLITARI; PERICULUM; DISCRIMEN. 1. +Tentare+
means, to make an experiment, in order to form a judgment of something,
from a desire of knowledge, and with activity; +periclitari+, with
courage and contempt of the danger associated with the experiment;
+experiri+, merely to learn something by actual experiment.
2. +Periculum+ denotes danger, as occupying duration, of time;
+discrimen+, as a point of time, as the critical moment and the
culminating point of _periculum_. Liv. vi. 17. In ipso _discrimine
periculi_ destituat. (v. 263.)
TENUIS, see _Exilis_.
TERERE, see _Lævis_.
TERGUM, see _Dorsum_.
TERGUS; CUTIS; PELLIS; VELLUS. +Tergus+ and +cutis+ denote the outermost
covering of the flesh, as merely bare skin; +tergus+ (from
#storchazein#, to enclose), the coarse skin of an animal, which covers
the soft and eatable flesh, like #derma#; +cutis+ (#kutos#), the finer
skin of human beings, which protects the sensitive flesh like #chrôs#;
whereas +pellis+ and +vellus+ denote the flesh together with a covering;
+pellis+ (from palla) more bristly, consisting of _pili_, like #dora#;
+vellus+ (from #eilar#? or villus?), more woolly, consisting of _villi_,
like #mallos#. Men have _cutis_; elephants, snakes, etc. _tergora_;
lions, goats, dogs, etc., _pelles_; sheep, _vellera_. Juven. x. 192.
Deformem pro _cute pellem_. (v. 17.)
TERMES, see _Rami_.
TERMINARE, TERMINUS, see _Finire_, _Finis_.
TETER; FOEDUS; TURPIS; DEFORMIS. +Teter+, +tæter+ (#atartêros#) is the
ugliness which disturbs the feeling of security, and excites fear or
shuddering, like hideous, shocking, #blosuros#; +foedus+ (#psoithos#),
that which offends natural feelings, and excites loathing and aversion,
like #miaros#; +turpis+ (from torpere) that which offends the moral
feeling, or sense of decency, and excites disapprobation or contempt, in
opp. to _honestus_, _gloriosus_, like #aischros#; +deformis+, that which
offends the finer sensations, and excites dislike, in opp. to
_formosus_, like #duseidês#. Cic. Off. i. 34. Luxuria cum omni ætate
_turpis_, tum senectuti _foedissima_ est. Rep. ii. 26. Tyrannus quo
neque _tetrius_ neque _foedius_ . . . animal ullum cogitari potest.
Vatin. 3. Quanquam sis omni diritate _teterrimus_. Vell. Pat. ii. 69. In
Vatinio _deformitas_ corporis cum _turpitudine_ certabat ingenii.
(v. 111.)
TESCA, see _Solitudo_.
TETRICUS, see _Austerus_.
TIGNUM, see _Trabes_.
TIMERE, TIMOR, see _Vereri_.
TITUBARE, see _Labare_.
TOLERARE, see _Ferre_.
TORMENTUM, s. _Cruciatus_.
TORQUERE, see _Vertere_.
TORRIDUS, see _Aridus_.
TORVUS, see _Atrox_.
TOTUS, see _Quisque_.
TOXICUM; VENENUM; VIRUS. +Toxicum+ (from taxus) denotes poison, as a
mere term in natural history, without accessory reference; +venenum+, as
an artificial poison, of a sweet and tempting flavor; +virus+ (#eiar#,
#ios#), as a noxious and distasteful juice or drink. Liv. ii. 52.
Tribuni plebem agitare suo _veneno_, agraria lege; comp. with Cic. Læl.
23. Evomat _virus_ acerbitatis suæ. (v. 355.)
TRABES; TIGNUM. +Trabes+, +trabs+ (#traphêx#) denotes a longer and
narrower beam, like a pole; +tignum+, a shorter and thicker beam, like a
block. A raft consists of _trabes_, not of _tigna_; whereas the
wood-work of a building, which, as a pillar, is destined to support
something, is composed of _tigna_, not of _trabes_, by which the
cross-beams only are denoted. Cæs. B. Civ. ii. 9. Supra eum locum duo
_tigna_ transversa injecerunt, quibus suspenderent eam contignationem
supraque ea _tigna_ directo transversas _trabes_ injecerunt easque
axibus religaverunt. (v. 290.)
TRACTUS, see _Locus_.
TRAGULUM, see _Missile_.
TRAMES, see _Iter_.
TRANQUILLUS, see _Quietus_.
TRANS; ULS; ULTRA. +Trans+ and +uls+, like #peran#, in opp. to _cis_,
denote, on the other side, with the character of unaccented
prepositions, as a mere geometrical designation of place, like _super_;
+trans+ (#tranes#) is the usual, +uls+ the antiquated and obsolete
expression; whereas +ultra+ (comparative from ollus, ille), like #pera#,
in opp. to _citra_, with emphasis and distinction of the relative
distance of that which lies on the other side, like _supra_. The
separation denoted by +ultra+ is merely that of a boundary; the
separation denoted by +trans+, that of an obstruction. Tac. Germ. 29.
Protulit magnitudo populi Romani _ultra_ Rhenum _ultraque_ veteres
terminos imperil reverentiam . . . Non numeraverim inter Germaniæ
populos, quanquam _trans_ Rhenum Danubiumque considerint, eos, qui
decumates agros exercent. Eutrop. vii. 9. Liv. xxii. 43. Tac. Ann.
xvi. 17. (iii. 109.)
TRANSFUGA, see _Perfuga_.
TRANSVERSUS; OBLIQUUS. +Transversum+ means, that which crosses a
straight line at right angles, like across; +obliquum+, that which is
not perpendicular to a straight line, but forms with it unequal angles,
the one acute, the other obtuse, like awry or slanting. (vi. 375.)
TRIBUERE, see _Impertire_.
TRISTITIA, see _Dolor_.
TROICUS, TROIUS, see _Achivi_.
TRUCIDARE, s. _Interficere_.
TRUCULENTUS, s. _Atrox_.
TRUDIS, see _Fustis_.
TRUNCARE, see _Mutilare_.
TRUNCUS, see _Stirps_.
TRUX, see _Atrox_.
TUERI; DEFENDERE. +Tueri+ (from #stochazesthai#) supposes only possible
danger, as to protect, in opp. to _negligere_, Cic. Fin. iv. 14;
+defendere+, an actual attack, as to defend, in opp. to _deserere_.
Hence those that are under age have _tutores_; those that are accused,
_defensores_. The _tuens_ shows more of carefulness and love, as seeking
to prevent danger; the _defendens_, more of spirit and strength, as
resisting danger. (iv. 307.)
TUMERE, see _Turgere_.
TUMULUS, see _Collis_.
TURBA, see _Caterva_.
TURBÆ; TUMULTUS; SEDITIO; SECESSIO; DEFICERE; DESCISCERE. +Turbæ+ and
+tumultus+ denote the civil broils of public life; +turbæ+ (#turbê#)
interruptions of public order; +tumultus+ (from tumere) of the public
peace; whereas +seditio+ and +secessio+ are political commotions, in
consequence of decided, evident differences of opinion, and of
conflicting principles; +seditio+ (from se and ire) when concord is
first disturbed, and the parties as yet contend with words only;
+secessio+, when the prospect of reconciliation is already given up, and
the parties either stand opposite each other, ready to come to blows,
or, at least, have broken off all connection with each other. 2. The
+seditiosi+ and +secedentes+ are citizens and members of a free
community, and only suspend public concord; whereas the +deficientes+
and +desciscentes+ break a compact, because, either as subjected states
they rebel, or as allies fall off; +deficere+, as the most general
expression, represents the falling off, in a moral point of view, as a
treacherous, fickle, cowardly desertion; +desciscere+ (from scindere) in
a political point of view, as an alteration in the constitution and
political system. (v. 363.)
TURBO, see _Ventus_.
TURGERE; TUMERE. +Turgere+ (#tragan#) denotes being swoln, with
reference to actual corpulency and fulness, like #spargan#, #sphrigan#;
whereas +tumere+ (from #stomphos#) with reference to concealed
nothingness and emptiness, like #oidan#. Hence sails are called
_turgida_, inasmuch as the wind, which swells them out, is something,
and actually fills them; and _tumida_, inasmuch as it is merely air,
consequently nothing, and only seems to fill them. (iv. 191.)
TURIO, see _Rami_.
TURPIS, see _Teter_.
TUTUS; SECURUS; INCURIOSUS. 1. +Tutus+ denotes safety objectively, he
who actually is safe, like #asphalês#; +securus+ (sine cura)
subjectively, he who thinks himself safe; hence +tutus+ is used for
provident, with reference to foresight; +securus+ is used as a softer
expression, for improvident, with reference to the want of foresight.
Sen. Ep. 97. _Tuta_ scelera esse possunt, _secura_ non possunt: and 105.
The substantive _securitas_, however, must be used to supply the want of
a similar substantive from _tutus_. 2. +Securus+, +securitas+, denote
freedom from care and anxiety merely as a state of mind, like
#amerimnos#, in opp. to _sollicitus_, Tac. Hist. iv. 58; whereas
+incuriosus+, +incuria+, denote the want of carefulness and attention,
with a practical reference, like heedless, #oligôros#, in opp. to
_cura_. Sen. Ep. 100. Fabianus non erat negligens in oratione, sed
_securus_. (iii. 120.)