Spies cannot be usefully employed

This is the _nuance_ of Tu Yu’s paraphrase 不能得間人之用.

without a certain intuitive sagacity.

Mei Yao-ch‘ên says: 知其情僞辨其邪正則能用 “In order to use them, one

must know fact from falsehood, and be able to discriminate between

honesty and double-dealing.” Wang Hsi takes 聖 and 智 separately,

defining the former as 通而先識 “intuitive perception” and the

latter as 明於事 “practical intelligence.” Tu Mu strangely refers

these attributes to the spies themselves: 先量間者之性誠實多智然後可用之

“Before using spies we must assure ourselves as to their integrity

of character and the extent of their experience and skill.” But he

continues: 厚貌深情險於山川非聖人莫能知 “A brazen face and a crafty

disposition are more dangerous than mountains or rivers; it takes

a man of genius to penetrate such.” So that we are left in some

doubt as to his real opinion on the passage.

Sun Tzŭ on the Art of War: The Oldest Military Treatise in the World · 第 431 / 458 题