The role of nuclear energy in the study, exploration, and utilization of
the world ocean is best defined by citing the specific oceanographic
interests of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC): Development of
better instruments and devices for work and study in the ocean,
development of ever-stronger national sea power, conversion of seawater
to fresh water, possible modification of ocean boundaries, purely
scientific studies to advance knowledge, and, indirectly at least,
improving the state of oceanographic engineering. Among the
technological products of the nuclear age are radionuclides, neutron
sources and other radiation sources, radioisotope heat and electric
generators, and nuclear reactors. All these are applied to ocean-related
endeavors.
Several divisions of the AEC have important oceanic interests. These
range from pure oceanographic research to development of specific
instruments, nuclear reactors, radioisotopic power sources, and other
devices for use in or under the ocean. The AEC also conducts extensive
marine environmental studies to monitor the effects or ensure the safety
of specific projects involving nuclear energy. A statistical summary of
specific AEC programs in oceanography is shown in Table I on page 14.