By Mumia is here understood, that which was used by some ancient
physicians for some kind of implanted spirit, found chiefly in
carcases, when the infused spirit is fled; or kind of sympathetic
influence, communicated from one body to another, by which magnetic
cures, &c. were said to be performed. Now, however, deservedly
exploded.
Footnote 52:
For a curious specimen of this _odium theologicum_, see the “Censure”
of the Sorbonne on Marmontel’s Belisarius.
Footnote 53:
This king is invoked in the first part of Shakspeare’s play of Henry
the Sixth, after the following manner:—
“You speedy helpers that are substitutes
Under the lordly monarch of the North—
Appear!”
Footnote 54:
This description is taken from an ancient Latin poem, describing the
lamentable vision of a devoted hermit, and supposed to have been
written by St. Bernard, in the year 1238; a translation of which was
printed for private distribution by William Yates, Esq. of Manchester.
Footnote 55:
Sir Thomas Brown, who thinks that this view may be confirmed by
expositions of Holy Scripture, remarks, that, “whereas it is said,
thou shalt not offer unto devils; (the original word is seghuirim),
that is, rough and hairy goats, because in that shape the devil must
have often appeared, as is expounded by the Rabin; as Tremellius hath
also explained; and as the word Ascemah, the god of Emath, is by some
conceived.”
Footnote 56:
See an interesting dissertation on this subject, in Douce’s
Illustrations of Shakspeare, Vol. i. p. 382. It is also noticed in the
Border Minstrelsy, Vol. ii. p. 197.
Footnote 57:
Dio of Syracuse was visited by one of the furies in person, whose
appearance the soothsayers regarded as indicative of the death which
occurred of his son, as well as his own dissolution.
Footnote 58:
Sir Walter Scott has supposed that this mythological account of the
duergar bears a remote allusion to real history, having an ultimate
reference to the oppressed Fins, who, before the arrival of the
invaders, under the conduct of Odin, were the prior possessors of
Scandinavia. The followers of this hero saw a people, who knew how to
work the mines of the country better than they did; and, therefore,
from a superstitious regard, transformed them into spirits of an
unfavourable character, dwelling in the interior of rocks, and
surrounded with immense riches.—_Border Minstrelsy_, v. ii. p. 179.
Footnote 59:
It is said that, in Orkney, they were often seen clad in complete
armour.—_Brand’s description of Orkney._ 8vo. Edinburgh, 1701. p. 63.
Footnote 60:
In Germany, probably for similar reasons, the dwarfs have acquired the
name of _elves_—a word, observes Mr. Douce, derived from the Teutonic
of _helfin_, which etymologists have translated _juvare_.
Footnote 61:
Minstrelsy of the Scottish border, vol. ii. page 215.
Footnote 62:
Before dismissing this subject of fairies, I shall slightly advert to
the strange blending which took place of Grecian and Teutonic fables.
“We find,” says Sir Walter Scott, “the elves accordingly arrayed in
the costume of Greece and Rome, and the fairy queen and her attendants
transformed into Diana and her nymphs, and invested with their
attributes and appropriate insignia.” Mercury was also named by
Harsenet, in the year 1602, the prince of the fairies.
Footnote 63:
“He would chafe exceedingly,” says Scot, “if the maid or good wife of
the house, having compassion of his nakedness, laid ani cloths for him
besides his messe of white bread and milke, which was his standing
fee. For in that case he saith, what have we here? Hempton hamten,
here will I never more tread nor stampen.”
Footnote 64:
Bellus speaks with contempt of this petty instance of malevolence to
the human race: “stones are thrown down from the air,” he remarks,
“which do no harm, the devils having little strength, and being mere
scarecrows.” So much for the origin of meteoric stones.
Footnote 65:
See Hibbert’s Philosophy of Apparitions.
Footnote 66:
Grellman’s History of the Gipsies.
Footnote 67:
Grellman’s opinion seems extremely plausible, that they are of the
lowest class of Indians, called _suders_, and that they left India
when Timur Bag ravaged that country in 1408 and 1409, putting to death
immense numbers of all ranks of people.
Footnote 68:
Mr. Marsden first made inquiries among the English Gipsies concerning
their language.—_Vide_ Archæologia, vol. ii. p. 382–386. Mr. Coxe
communicated a vocabulary of words used by those of Hungary.—See the
same vol. of the Archæologia, p. 387. Vocabularies of the German
Gipsies may be seen in Grellman’s Book. Any person wishing to be
convinced of this similarity of language, and being possessed of a
vocabulary of words used in Hindostan, may be satisfied of its truth
by conversing with the first Gipsey he meets.
Footnote 69:
Margaret Finch, a celebrated modern adventuress, was buried October
24, 1740, at Beckenham, in Kent. This remarkable person lived to the
age of 109 years. She was one of the people called Gipsies, and had
the title of their queen. After travelling over various parts of the
kingdom, during the greater part of a century, she settled at Norwood,
a place notorious for vagrants of this description, whither her great
age and the fame of her fortune-telling, attracted numerous visitors.
From a habit of sitting on the ground, with her chin resting on her
knees, the sinews at length became so contracted, that she could not
rise from that posture. After her death they were obliged to inclose
her body in a deep square box. Her funeral was attended by two
mourning coaches, a sermon was preached on the occasion; and a great
concourse of people attended the ceremony.
There is an engraved portrait of Margaret Finch, from a drawing made
in 1739. Her picture adorned the sign of a house of public
entertainment in Norwood, called the Gipsey house, which was situated
in a small green, in a valley, surrounded by woods. On this green, a
few families of Gipsies used to pitch their tents, during the summer
season. In winter they either procure lodgings in London, or take up
their abode in barns, in some of the more distant counties. In a
cottage that adjoined the Gipsey house, lived an old woman,
granddaughter of Queen Margaret, who inherited her title. She was
niece of Queen Budget, who was buried (_see Lysons_, vol i. p. 107.)
at Dulwich, in 1768. Her rank seemed, however, to be merely titular;
nor do we find that the gipsies paid her any particular respect, or
that she differed in any other manner than that of being a
householder, from the rest of her tribe.—
Footnote 70:
A private dwelling house.
Footnote 71:
The woods, hedges or bushes.
Footnote 72:
His wench, &c.
Footnote 73:
Clothes.
Footnote 74:
Hens.
Footnote 75:
Turkies.
Footnote 76:
Young Pigs.
Footnote 77:
Geese.
Footnote 78:
Plunder, goods, or money acquired by theft.
Footnote 79:
Legend is also used by authors to signify the words or letters
engraven about the margins, &c. of coins. It is also applied to the
inscription of medals, of which it serves to explain the figures or
devices. In point of strictness the legend differs from the
inscription, the latter properly signifying words instead of figures
placed on the reverse of a medal.
Footnote 80:
See Geddes’s Tracts.
Footnote 81:
See Geddes’s Tracts.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
Page Changed from Changed to
96 תגת הגה.
143 μαν εια μαντεια
144 χλησων κληδων
149 γε γη
152 υαvτεiα μαντεια
171 ΦΥΣΙΟΤΝΩΜΙΑ ΦΥΣΙΟΓΝΩΜΙΑ
229 קסומי נאלי באוכ קסומי נא לי באוב
מעינן מעונן
230 הש נחש
232 חיבר חבר נחשחובר חבר
חיבר חבר חובר חבר
ἐπὰδων ἐπάδων
233 חיבר חובר
מחכם אשר לא־ישמע לקול מלחשים אשר לא־ישמע לקול מלחשים חובר
חובר חברים חברים מחכם
חיבר חבר חובר חבר
234 שיאל אוב שואל אוב
Ἐγγαϛείμυθος Ἐγγαστρίμυθος
שיאל אוב שואל אוב
Ἐγγαϛείμυθος Ἐγγαστρίμυθος
235 כהם אוב בהם אוב
באיב באוב
Ἐγγαϛείμυθῳ Ἐγγαστρίμυθῳ
236 בעלת איב בעלת אוב
בעלת איב בעלת אוב
איב אוב
חיבר חבר חובר חבר
237 ירעני ידעני
יעשח איב וידעני יעשה אוב וידעני
איב אוב
בעלת בוא בעלת אוב
239 איב כעלוה בעליה אוב
הטהגים המהגים
243 הרטמים חרטמים
מבשפים מכשפים
חבטים חכמים
להש להט
דהט חדב להט חרב
245 בלהטוהם קסומי־נא לי
איב אוב
Ohh Obh
μαντεϊον μαντεῖον
Ὅπ θεασάμπνυον τὸ γύναιον ἅνδρa Ὅτι θεασάμενον τὸ γύναιον ἄνδρa
246 σεμνὸν καὶ θεοπρεπῆ ταράττεται, σεμνὸν καὶ θεοπρεπῆ ταράττεται,
καὶ πρὸς την ὅψίν οὐπλαγέν, οὐ καὶ πρὸς την ὄψίν οὐπλαγέν, οὐ
σὺ, φησὶν, ὁ Βασιλεὺς Σάουλος σύ, φησὶν, ὁ Βασιλεὺς Σαοῦλος
247 אלהום אלהים
Elochim Elohim
249 ידץ ידע
250 διπλοίδα ἱεραπκηὶ διπλοΐδα ἱερατικήν
251 Θεῷτηὶ μερηὶ ὅμοιος Θεῷ τὴν μορφὴν ὅμοιος
292 חולם עולם
holam gnolam
לחולם לעולם
leholam legnolam
256 θoοὺς θεοὺς
1. Note that in the author's Hebrew transliterations 'hh' indicates a
hard 'aitch'.
2. Note that in the author's Hebrew transliterations 'gn' indicates a
(silent) hard glottal-stop.
3. Silently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in
spelling.
4. Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed.
5. Re-indexed footnotes using numbers and collected together at the end
of the last chapter.
6. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.
7. Enclosed blackletter font in =equals=.