DO-KA-BATL, A GREAT SPIRIT
The religion of the Siwash is spiritualism pure and simple. Every tree
and shrub, beast, bird or fish had its spirit, and every mountain was the
abode of invisible gods who rode on the winds and clouds.
The existence of a supreme being or spirit was prevalent in the untutored
minds of the aboriginal inhabitants of Puget Sound. They believed in it,
yet never worshiped it, and never made much practical use of this belief.
They believed in the devil or a spirit answering to that dreaded, though
invisible monster, yet in their simple daily life there were intermediate
spirits far more potent for good or evil to the minds of these dusky
people. They laid strong hold of the power for good of an individual,
independent spirit for each and every inhabitant, a sacred, protecting
star through life, and no circumstances or conditions seem ever to have
been strong enough to cause a violation of the sacred tenets of that
religion. Every Indian possessed a guardian spirit of his own. This was
supposed to watch over him, protect him from the evil spirits that filled
the woods and the air, and as long as it was kept inviolate was the one
beaming, assuring and ever-present guardianship of the Indian life.
When of youthful age—12 or 13 years—the Siwash would betake themselves to
the woods, to an isolation as deep and perfect as that of Elisha in the
cave in the forest attended by his ministering ravens. There a process of
purification, almost of sanctification, would be submitted to, continuing
from eight to thirteen days, or as long as the physical powers of the
Indian could bear up under it. They refrained from eating, and practiced
a self-imposed bodily chastening, until the extreme of physical suffering
and mental anguish and over-excitement being reached, the Indian mind was
in a condition to believe anything or see in the solitude about him any
beast, bird or spirit the freaks of the overwrought imagination might
conjure up.
That settled it. The first object, be that beast or bird, that passed
before his vision and reflected in his diseased mind, was ever after
sacred to him. The spell was broken and the Indian hied himself away
to his fellows, happy and ready to stand among his tribe a favored
individual. In their hunts and migrations that beast or fowl was never
molested by that Indian. Others might kill or conquer, but he, never. It
followed him through life, and was believed to exert a great power for
good.
The traditions, superstitions and fetish practices of the early Indians
of Skokomish and Old-Man-House as well of the Sound seem to blend and
intermingle in such a way that it is almost impossible to clearly
define them. Only deep and continued study can avail to get a proper
understanding of them. Of their traditions the greatest seems to have
been that of Do-ka-batl, a great spirit, whose peculiar powers lay in his
ability to change big and little mortals into any kind of a beast, bird
or stone or thing that his fancy dictated. Under such conditions it could
not be otherwise than that very great respect should be shown to this
masterful spirit, and respect and reverence for it seems to have been
rather than fear and trembling.
[Illustration: BOWL AND SPOON OF MOUNTAIN SHEEP HORN—TWANAS]
The tradition of Do-ka-batl among the Twana or Skokomish Indians is alive
to-day and they have always maintained that the great spirit was a woman,
while the tribes north of them hold to the belief that it was a man.
At any rate Do-ka-batl made a great sensation when he or she first took
it in mind to go abroad among the tribes that infested the Sound. The
coming was like a great big cloud that overspread the whole sky. He
came up out of the sea, way over in the southwest from the direction of
the Gray’s harbor country. It does not appear that Do-ka-batl came with
great noise and tumult, with rattling of thunder, or peal of lightning,
but like the great, even tempered spirit that he was; he came like an
angel of peace to teach the people good things. He found the Twana
Indian ancestors trying to catch fish in Hood’s canal with their hands.
Do-ka-batl taught them how to make traps and stretch them across the
river and waters and take great quantities of fish, and so the Indians
after that had life easy and lived in contentment and with little labor.
Then, it was a very, very long time ago, there were not deer to run the
woods, nor humming birds to make music with their little wings, no pretty
blue jays to go cawing among the trees and a great many other useful and
ornamental things of nature had not any being. Do-ka-batl provided for
all these, though it must be said that a great many naughty Indians were
sacrificed in order to bring it about. Their tradition of Do-ka-batl’s
transformation of the deer is much like that of many other of the Indian
tribes.
The great spirit on his visit came across a worthless fellow one day who
was making sharp the edge of a knife, probably a very different affair
from the steel knife of to-day. The great spirit said:
“What are you doing there?” This in the Twana dialect, of course.
The worthless fellow replied, “Nothing,” also in Indian.
The Do-ka-batl replied: “I know what you are doing; you are going to kill
me. Give me that knife.”
The Indian was frightened but gave up the knife and turned to run, but
as he did so the great spirit stuck it in his heel and the Indian began
to jump about and he has been jumping about ever since in the shape of
a deer, for he was quickly transformed into one as soon as the knife
entered his heel. The little hoof that sticks out of the deer’s foot just
above the two main hoof toes and at the back is the handle of the knife
that Do-ka-batl stuck there.
While among the Twanas Do-ka-batl came across another fellow flopping his
hands over his head much like a donkey does his ears when keeping the
gnats and flies out of his eyes. The Indian, however, was trying to keep
off the rain. Do-ka-batl thought that a fellow who was afraid of getting
wet was no good, so he changed him into a humming bird while he was still
at the foolish pastime, and the Indians say that is why the humming bird
always keeps its wings going. The Indian when changed did not stop his
foolish flopping of his hands, but kept right on.
One day, while Do-ka-batl tarried among them they were at their
ta-mahn-a-wis, and one of their medicine men, probably all of them, had
his shock of black greasy hair done up in a top-knot on the top of his
head. This angered Do-ka-batl and he thought such an Indian would be
more useful in the form of a pretty bird, so he changed him into a blue
jay, with his top-knot still tied up on the top of his head. That is why
the blue jay wears his hair pompadour. The grating sound of the blue
jay’s voice probably is a reproduction of the medicine man’s song at the
time, though this does not form a part of the tradition.
There is a very pretty tradition among the Indians at the Skokomish
reservation about the origin of the big marsh lands at the mouth of
that river. A vast reed-grown area blocks up the river to-day and it is
a great place for all kinds of water fowl and the like. Cat-tails grow
there enough for all the rush mats of the entire Indian population,
so that while Do-ka-batl under the guise of his wrath made a great
transformation that brought lasting good to the red faced people. When
Do-ka-batl left the Twana village at the mouth of the Skokomish to
continue his journey on down the beautiful shores of the canal his big,
foot slipped from under him at the edge of the water and he fell.
This made him angry and he cursed the ground, and, lo; the water went
away and a great mass of ground rose up, half sea half land, and so it
is to this day. The pretty cat-tails and tula grass came up over the
ground and the ducks and geese came and made their nests and gathered the
tender shoots and leaves of the sea-weed for food. Had it been any other
great spirit than Do-ka-batl he might have placed a curse on the people
of the Indian village rather than on the ground, but he did not and they
have lived and prospered ever since. Though their number is small to-day
they have the best gardens and fields and orchards and houses of all the
Indian people on the Sound. Do-ka-batl continued his journey down the
canal after getting upon his feet again and to this day the Indians still
point to the marks in the rocks along the beach made by his big feet.
There are two big prints a few miles from the beach close to what is now
Hoodsport, which have vague resemblance to a mammoth foot-print, and
these the Indians say were made by Do-ka-batl.
Their traditional story of the deluge is much like that told by some of
the eastern tribes, excepting as to canoes which, of course, the Indians
here used to ascend to the top of their biggest mountains instead of
going up horse-back.
With the Twana Indians they did not succeed in getting onto the highest
mountain, but on one much less in height. The big waters kept creeping
up the mountain sides and as the Indians had neglected to tie their
canoes many of them were swept away and carried down to the mouth of the
Columbia river, and there the survivors waited until the floods abated,
and formed another tribe.
Some very long cedar bark canoes remained to the Indians, however.
Do-ka-batl, or some other good and friendly spirit, however, must have
been about to look after the Twana Indians, for the waters acted as if
they were not allowed to engulf the Indians on the lower mountains.
Instead of presenting a level plane the waters took the position of an
inclined plane, reaching from the top of the higher mountain which they
engulfed down to the peak of the lower one, whose top was not covered,
and so the Indians were saved. These mountains, in the tradition, were
far to the northeast or east from the site of the Twana Indian village
and the Indians traveled a long time in their canoes to reach them.
One day an Indian lad was going with his gourd for water. The boy or the
water he was carrying was making a “chug, chug, chug” noise, that sounded
much like the song of the turtledove nowadays. The Do-ka-batl was near at
the time and not liking the noise he transformed the Indian boy into a
dove and sent him off into the woods to sing away his life in solitude,
and that is why the song of the turtledove can be heard floating out in
summer days from among the green branches and woods of the forests.
[Illustration]
[Illustration: THE GAME OF SING GAMBLE—SKOKOMISH TRIBE.]