Away, away, yon crimson cloud,

Which, mounting the blue vault of Heaven,

Soars calmly o'er the murky shroud

That palls the close of boisterous even,

Is scarcely fairer than the form,

The light, the grace, from stem to stern--a

Fairy riding on the storm--

Of the fleet, trusty, dight _Juverna_,

Away, away, one last look more:

One blessing on the naked land--

Though the too glorious dream be o'er--

One blessing for her truthful hand,

Her proud old faith, though darkly grown,

Still lingering by each cold hearth-stone.

Away, away; poor fool of fate,

Couldst thou but dream this mournful end,

This midnight of a hope so great,

Where shame and sorrow darkly blend--

Couldst thou divine that thus bedecked,

With rags and dirt, thine eyes downturned:

Thou'dst flee, thy whole life's labour wrecked.

Thy very heart within thee burned.

--Away, away, in all the past,

There's not an act I would recall,

I bow me to the o'erwhelming blast,

But 'tis the heart alone can fall,

And mine may once again defy.

The fate that mocks it scoffingly.

Away, away, if o'er the sea,

My voice could reach the prison grate.

Where daylight creeping gloomily,

Comes to deride the captives' fate;

Could I but prove by word or act,

How firm my heart and purpose still,

Their life's worst pang to counteract,

Before their proud young hearts were still--

To live but that the land they loved

Should yet assert its native right,

That the immortal faith they proved,

Should yet be robed in victory's light,

And, oh, to feel such promise high,

Were last to light their dying eye.

If apology were to be offered for the change of measure of the above,

and its somewhat conflicting sentiments, it would be found in the tumult

of passions, excitement, fear, hope, rage, disappointment and regret

with which, standing among cattle on the deck, and disguised in meanest

rags, I looked upon my country's shores for, it may be the last time,

and thought of her hopes, her misery and fall. Both faults may be

amended here, but I cannot help regarding it as irreligious toward

thoughts suggested by the circumstances then around me to remodel even

the structure into which they spontaneously shaped themselves.

[Illustration: Aheny Hill, showing the Constabulary Barrack destroyed by

the Insurgents. 1848]

Night soon fell drearily upon the water. I engaged a berth from one of

the sailors, and before half an hour, lost all consciousness of country

and friends, of wind and tide, and hope, and shame, and peril, in

tranquil repose. On ascending next morning, the shores of England were

in view, and we sailed up the channel to the mouth of the Avon under a

calm and mellow sky. I had some breakfast with one of the cowherds. We

were delayed several hours waiting for the tide, which were spent for

the most part in making difficult evolutions; and exhibiting to the

cabin passengers the peculiar qualities of the _Juverna_. Night had

fallen before we reached Bristol, and I slipped away from the boat, amid

the confusion and bustle which checked the progress of the gay and rich,

around whose footsteps avarice had gathered an eager and jostling crowd.

Rude contact with, and unsavoury odours from, the unclean multitude

shocked their nervous sensibility, as they made their way to their

hotels amidst obtrusive obsequiousness, while the lone outlaw's pathway

lay free through the open street and uncontaminated air. But a wretched

exterior has its disadvantages also. I dared not present myself at a

hotel, and many of the humbler hostelries refused me admittance,

believing, no doubt, either that the seeds of pestilence were in my

rags, or not a copper in my pocket. Indeed, to no brain but that of a

very imaginative genius would the possibility of such a superfluity as

a pocket suggest itself. All the beds were "full." At last I thought me

of an expedient. I called for a glass of ale, for which payment in

advance was duly demanded. I handed a sovereign, which at once emptied a

bed, provided I slept in a room with another person which I refused,

feeling that I had acquired a footing. I had something to eat, and

finally found that there was a vacant room.

The next day was Sunday. No trains travelled to London except third

class. This was rather unlucky, for I was aware that certain straitened

gentlemen were often obliged, by stress of circumstances--the pressure

of business which brooked not a moment's delay--reluctantly to avail

themselves of this mode of conveyance. I felt, too, that the loyalty of

these slender aristocrats, was on a par with the unhappy incidents which

compelled them to consort with vulgar people, that is to say, so

constrained, that however much against the impulses of their generous

natures, they could not omit any opportunity of manifesting the

sentiment in its full intensity, I selected my company on this occasion,

being only anxious to exclude the "_arbiters elegantiarum_," Of my

"_compagnons de voyage_," some were in gin, some in fumes and some in

glee, and the journey passed off without an incident.

On arriving at the Paddington terminus, an unlooked-for difficulty

presented itself. My costume attracted universal attention. It was, in

fact, _outre_ even in comparison with the most outlandish; for every

article had been carefully selected for its singularity. My "caubeen"

especially excited the risibility of the merry boys who thronged the

streets. I was soon followed by an uproarious crowd of most

incorrigible young rascals, who made lunges at my unfortunate head-gear.

They peered at me round lamp-posts, and occasionally, "Teigue," and

"Phelim," pronounced in a broad English accent, grated on my ear.

Although not indisposed to be merry, I grasped one of my tormentors and

handed him over to a policeman. The sentinel of city morals dismissed

him with a harsh rebuke, and threatened to "haul up" whoever gave me

further annoyance. We were then near Oxford street. I told him I wanted

to go to Tottenham Court road; but after making several fruitless

attempts to pronounce the name, his own fertile genius had to supply my

deficiency. He walked with me until the last unruly boy had disappeared,

and then he sent me on my way rejoicing, after having spent some minutes

in teaching me to articulate distinctly "Tottenham Court Road." It was

already nightfall. I felt as if all danger were passed. I could not

anticipate the check I was about to receive.

I knew a man named Parker, who resided in Museum Street. I thought his

house that to which I could easiest find access without exciting notice.

I made my way to it unobserved, rapped, and to my great relief the door

was opened by the man himself. He did not recognise me for some time,

but as soon as he did, he fell into a paroxysm half hysterical, half

frantic. I had completed his ruin, he exclaimed, and his unhappy family

would have to curse me as the cause of his destruction. He was ready to

sink on the floor in sheer terror, and with difficulty could he utter a

request that I should instantly leave his house. This was a command,

however harsh and heartless, which I dared not resist, for I was forced

to admit to myself that under his terrified exterior might lurk a

sentiment baser than fear.

I left the place in utter dismay. I could not venture into a house such

as I had lodged in at Bristol, the night before, because my person was

well known in London, and because those places are frequented by

characters of all sorts. I could not venture, in my then guise, to the

house of my young friend to whom I had addressed the parcel, because my

appearance there would inevitably attract the notice of the policeman. I

dare not, of course, venture to a respectable hotel. Thus perplexed, I

bethought of a woman with whom I used formerly to lodge, and I repaired

to her rooms (she had herself become a lodger). I met her on the stairs,

where she nearly fainted. She hurried me into the street, and there told

me that a person who lived in the house was actually watching to betray

me. She suggested the house of an Irishwoman who lived in a court hard

by. I had no alternative. The poor woman received me with tears. Such

was her emotion that I could not hesitate to trust her with my life: Her

son and daughter-in-law, who spent the day with her, were about

returning home. They lived in the suburbs, at the Surrey side. They

proposed to take me to their cottage, and I readily consented. We got a

coach and drove home. The kindliest attentions were lavished on me by

these people. As soon as I arrived, I shaved and cleansed myself; no

small task, considering that I had on a fortnight's beard, and had

rubbed my face over with soot and grease.

I had a shirt and clothes from my host, with whom, in my new trim, I

sat down to a comfortable supper. Early next morning he informed my

friend of my arrival, and I was at once surrounded by several who would

risk their lives for my safety. I had by this time begun to regard many

singular escapes of mine as preordained by Providence, and I ceased to

feel much concern in my fate. I cherished a presentiment of safety until

it grew into a conviction, and acting on its assurance, I gave way to an

unconcern that was quite inexplicable to those around me. But one

feeling of fear lingered with me: it was lest Parker should add treason

to cowardice, which certain ominous expressions that were said to fall

from him, confirmed. I otherwise felt so secure, and so thankful to my

entertainers, that I would gratify their wishes to remain a day or two

longer with them; but the tide answered so well--the whole journey to

Boulogne being by night, that I determined to avail myself of the

opportunity. I donned my clerical costume, got me a sleek wig, folded a

stole round my breviary, and with Christian patience awaited the hour of

departure. I was to be accompanied to Paris by my young friend, who

spoke the French language perfectly, and was well acquainted with the

etiquette of the journey. We entered the express train at London Bridge

at half-past eight. When it was just starting, my host, who had

accompanied us, clung to the panel of the door, and warned me, with

provoking warmth, to "write, write, as soon as I was safe." As the train

drove off and his boisterous adieus died on my ear, I lost the last

feeling of anxiety on my own account. The carriage was full--a German

with a toothache--two gossiping old bachelors--a jolly English resident

of the sunny south--my friend and myself occupied the six seats. However

fluttered may be the hearts of the passengers, whatever may be the

pressure of guilt, or fear, or remorse upon their souls, the heart of

the mighty engine, on its fiery course, throbs only with one passion,

namely how to outspeed the flight of time. Our fellow-travellers

conversed upon all subjects, and wished for my opinion upon each; but I

was so reserved and pious, and my friend so ready and witty, and

exuberant in his gaiety, that my obstinate silence was pardoned or

forgotten. We were able to make our way on board Her Majesty's mail

packet by the light of a clouded moon, then fast waning. I did not

trouble myself to learn the name of the boat, but she appeared endued

with more than the speed of fire. She flew over her allotted trip in one

hour and three-quarters, and about two o'clock I set my foot on the free

soil of the young Republic.

I had longed for such an event with an intensity of feeling not to be

described; nay, I had often enjoyed anticipated exultation from

indulging in a vague dream of its bare possibility, which absorbed all

the gloom and horror of my situation. Yet when I stepped securely on

what, to me, was hallowed ground, an adequate appreciation of the

circumstance was far from realised in my feelings. New sights and sounds

began to share my thoughts and engross my comprehension. In a moment the

past vanished, with all its disquietude and alarm; and I entered on the

new scene with a taste akin to the appetite of a convalescent. If I felt

any deep emotion, it was only when my mind recurred to the fate of my

comrades, or the feelings of joy with which my family would learn the

tidings of my safety. We left our baggage at the Custom house--mine

consisted of a pair of boots stowed away in a rather capacious

valise--handed the keys, in due form, to the commissionaire of police,

and directed them to be sent after us to our hotel. A commissionaire, so

they call themselves, appeared in the morning with the keys, which he

handed us bowing, adding that all was right.

There was a fete at Boulogne. Nothing was to be seen but glittering

bayonets, and nothing to be heard but the harsh monotonous sound of the

drum. Flags floated in the breeze, and cheers echoed from the distant

hills, and everything proclaimed the festivity of liberty. It was a

grand sight, and yet a sad one for me. I could not help contrasting with

the scene before me the fate of my own unfortunate country. At ten

o'clock we were on our way to Paris.

Such was the anxiety with which I gazed on the glad face of that sunny

land during the entire of the journey that I could at this moment

recognise every object that attracted my attention. But the scope of

this narrative, now drawing rapidly to a close, does not embrace a

description of France or Paris. Many pens have plied the task, and were

mine more adequate than any, it were unfit to interweave so bright a

theme with the gloomy details of this mournful history.

There remains to be told but one incident. On our arrival at the Paris

terminus, we got into an English omnibus which brought us to an English

hotel--the Hotel de Louvre in the Rue St. Thomas. There we dined

together, some dozen or so of the passengers. After dinner my friend

and I had champagne. While discussing its merits the conversation turned

on Ireland. Opinions, of course, varied. Mine, it need scarcely be

added, to an Englishman's ear sounded bloodily, and I urged them with

the vehemence of baffled hope. An old English gentleman of that quiet

school which affects liberality and moderation, but entertains deepest

animosity, deprecated the violence of my language and sentiments, and

expressed his painful astonishment at hearing such opinions from the

mouth of a clergyman; "They would not be unbecoming," added he, with

great bitterness of tone, "in that sanguinary brigand, Doheny."

Involuntarily and simultaneously my friend and myself burst into an

immoderate fit of laughter, The gentleman could not at all comprehend

our mirth. He had, he thought, delivered himself of very sound and very

gentlemanly philosophy, and he was really shocked to find it had made an

impression so different from what he had expected. He had travelled

much, he said, and met men of many lands, of whom Irishmen were ever the

most polite and best bred gentlemen; a fact which rendered our laughing

in his face rather inexplicable. The conversation was again resumed and

again waxed warm. I expressed my opinion of English paupers in Ireland,

and said they ought to be transported in a convict ship back to

Liverpool, in the same fashion as Irish paupers of a different class are

transmitted to Dublin by the Liverpool guardians. To this he replied by

saying that there would be no peace in Ireland until the Mitchels and

Dohenys were hanged, a fate which the latter was hastening to with

irresistible impetus. At this self-satisfied prophecy we laughed louder

than before, whereupon he waxed wrathful, and repeating his experience

of the world in general, and of Irishmen in particular, demanded an

explanation of the laugh. I said, "That is a straightforward question,

and demands a direct answer. It shall be given, although you have

refused to answer, as all Englishmen of your class invariably do, to

several direct questions which I have put to you. I laughed because I am

that same sanguinary Doheny": and pulling off my wig, I added, "Me

_voila_ at your service." The sudden appearance of him who answered the

incantations of the weird sisters could not produce a greater panic.

Chairs tumbled in every direction, and their occupiers fled the room,

leaving myself and my friend ample space to enjoy the joke and the

champagne in undisturbed quiet.

I have nothing further to relate in connection with myself. Paris

appeared to me clothed with a grandeur, a glory, and a beauty,

infinitely surpassing every description of them I had ever read or

heard. Standing in any commanding spot surrounded by the monuments of

her splendour and magnificence, upon each of which the genius of the

land shed its immortal lustre, one feels coerced to the conviction that

the high command and abiding destiny of France must be equally

imperishable. But these considerations belong not to my story, and I

renounce the idea of commemorating the sensations of gratified pride

which that gorgeous capital awakened in my bosom. Her architecture and

her art, her memorials of glory, and the triumphs of her progress,

require to be scanned by the eye and portrayed by the ability of

artistic genius. I must content myself with preserving a delighted

recollection of the French metropolis which no scene or circumstance,

possible in life can ever efface. The companion of all my hazards in

Ireland, whom I again joined in Paris, more than shared my enthusiasm.

He spent all his days wandering among the galleries of the Louvre or the

statues of Versailles, forgetting in the sublime presence of their

unmatched _chefs d'ouvres_ all the shame and perils of the past. I hope

he may be induced to give the result of his long examinations and fond

reveries to the public.

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 12: "Alice and Uua."]

[Footnote 13: This may be a harsh and unjust opinion; if so, no one

could regret it more than myself. In any case I wish to disclaim the

idea of making a charge against the body of the Roman Catholic clergy,

to some of whose members it applies. I yet fully believe that the great

majority of the priesthood would willingly die with the rest of their

countrymen in struggling for the liberty of their common home. Even of

those who acted against us with such deadly success, I am sure some were

influenced by pure and honourable motives: there were others, however,

whose conduct the noblest motives would fail to justify, or even

extenuate.]

[Footnote 14: I hope my friend "Desmond" (a true poet and genuine

Irishman, whom God long preserve) will allow me to borrow his "graceful

spirit people" to elevate to poetical dignity the otherwise unattractive

and straggling waters of Lough Lua. It is near the lone and lovely

passes of Ceimeneagh, which his genius has invested with graceful

immortality, and his

"Children of the earth and sea."

may be sometimes tempted to lave therein.

Lough Lua loses in the comparison suggested by the sublime scenery

around it, of which the "green little island," and the pass are

immeasurably the greatest. I saw it in no happy frame of mind, as I

dragged my weary limbs along the rugged slopes of Shehigh. The only real

feature of interest I could discover, was the solitary swan above

alluded to, to which an intellect less fanciful than that of my friend

could not refuse a claim to be recognised as the genius loci, or spirit

of the spot.]

[Footnote 15: Mr. Daniel MacCarthy]

CONCLUSION

A word remains to be said in reference to the fate of those who were the

special objects of the Government's attention. Of the six for whom a

reward was offered, four escaped, namely, Mr. Dillon, Mr. O'Gorman, Mr.

O'Mahony and myself. Mr. Dillon was the first who left Ireland. Late in

August he sailed from Galway, and landed at New York after a voyage of

seven weeks. In the same vessel sailed P.J. Smyth, who was despatched

from Cashel to Dublin with directions from Mr. O'Brien. Richard

O'Gorman, accompanied by John O'Donnell and Daniel Doyle, sailed from

the mouth of the Shannon on board a vessel bound for Constantinople.

After landing in the Turkish capital, they were obliged to lie concealed

until able to procure passports for Algiers. Many foolish stories have

been circulated in reference to Mr. O'Gorman's adventures and disguises

in Ireland. Not one of them has the least truth in it. He or his

companions never assumed any disguise, and though their adventures were

more perilous, they were not so romantic as those that have been

related. A more detailed account of their wanderings would no doubt be

as interesting to my readers as it would be agreeable to myself. But

both the time and the limits I have proposed to myself for this

publication exclude it here. I could not, without too long a delay,

acquire that minute and accurate knowledge of facts and dates, which

would be indispensable to such a history.

But of succeeding events in Ireland, and the men who controlled them,

it is imperative to speak more in detail. John O'Mahony was their chief,

and John Savage his principal counsellor and comrade. The former,

although not compromised by any act previous to the arrest of Mr.

O'Brien, evaded the vigilance of the detectives, and continued moving

about from place to place, being generally guarded while he slept by a

large number of faithful followers. No man was ever followed with truer

devotion or served with more unwavering fidelity. He might have

continued in the same district with perfect safety up to the present

hour. But every moment of his time was engrossed by the endeavour to

rouse the country to some becoming effort. John Savage, who had come to

Carrick on a visit to a relation, partook of his enthusiasm and shared

his toil. They spent many anxious nights in counsel together when it was

supposed all spirit had left the country. The first ostensible object

that brought the people together under their immediate guidance and

control was the reaping of a field of wheat belonging to O'Mahony. A

vast crowd amounting to several hundred stalwart men assembled. They had

scarcely entered on their labour when the approach of a troop of horse

was announced. O'Mahony and Savage were compelled to retire. The

military cavalcade entered the field, and rode rudely among the men and

ripe corn. Still the reapers desisted not. They proceeded with their

labours sedulously and silently. But there was no pretext for arresting

any of the men, and no pretext afforded for further outrage, and the

business of the day went on without further outrage from the soldiers.

This occurred on the 22nd of August. Some days later, sullen crowds were

seen ascending Aheny Hill, about five miles to the north of

Carrick-on-Suir. By what mysterious agency they were directed none could

tell. About a similar distance from the town, in the opposite direction,

near the village of Portlaw, another camp was formed with equal rapidity

and mystery. With these men John Savage took his station. He was

entirely unknown to the people; and owed his influence over them to his

singular resolution. The understanding was that these two bodies, and a

third consisting of an equal number of men which was promised from

Kilkenny, should march simultaneously on the town of Carrick and the

fort at Besborough where five hundred men were encamped. He who

undertook to lead the Kilkenny men went on the execution of his mission,

leaving O'Mahony at one side, and Savage on the other, to contend with

the impetuosity of their respective followers who demanded with violence

to be led on. As much perhaps from the precariousness of their situation

as from a reckless daring, they could not brook the least delay. Their

leaders, on the other hand, urged the necessity of steadiness and

prudence. It was too late for such policy. The time between the first

step in revolution and action is the most trying to the courage and

faith of undisciplined men. In this instance it produced fatal results.

The weakness of the timid increased, and the courage of the boldest was

quelled. Suspicion was aroused, and desertion was the inevitable

consequence. O'Mahony found it impossible to withstand the clamorous

urgency of the men, and all his preparations were necessarily of a

hasty and imperfect character. The arrival of the party from Kilkenny

was the utmost limit of inaction that would be endured; and the leaders

saw with regret that they had yielded too soon to the demands of those

who precipitated the rising. The true guarantee of success would consist

in perfect preparation under cover of secrecy, so as that the assembling

could be followed by an immediate blow.

Scouring parties from each rendezvous, proceeded through the country in

search of arms. Provisions were liberally supplied by the neighbouring

farmers, and numbers were hourly arriving from distant parts of the

country. But those who were engaged in the search for arms attacked

police barracks and private houses. In general, these enterprises were

rash, ill-advised and ill-arranged. In some instances they were

successful, and in some they were repulsed with loss of life, while the

police were able to effect a safe retreat. At the Tipperary side, two

men were killed in the attack on the Glenbour barracks; and at the

Waterford side, one man was shot at Portlaw in the assault on the

police-barrack, and two in the attack on the Reverend Mr. Hill's house.

These repulses checked the ardour of the boldest, and gave rise to

disunion and distrust. Meantime, the promised reinforcements from

Kilkenny failed to redeem the pledge that was given in their name. A

whole day and night passed, and no tidings of them arrived. Several of

those who were loudest and most urgent left the camp. A very large

force, however, remained; but after delaying two days without hearing of

the Kilkenny men, they determined to disperse. The party at Portlaw

adopted the same resolution, and O'Mahony and Savage had to shift for

themselves. A reward was offered for O'Mahony, but he eluded his

pursuers, and in a few days was beyond their reach. He embarked at

Bonmahon in the county of Waterford and crossed to Wales, where he was

concealed for some time until he found an opportunity of escaping to

France. Savage, whose person was not much known, made his way to Dublin,

whence he sailed for America direct.

The Kilkenny men arrived at Aheny on the morning after those under

O'Mahony had dispersed and finding the place deserted, they immediately

returned. This accident once more baffled all hope of a struggle. From

beginning to end, some mischance marred every propitious circumstance

that presented itself. It seemed as if the failure had been predestined.

But to yield to such a fate, to abjure the great and true faith which

the attempt of the last unhappy year quickened in the hearts of all men,

would be distrust of God's mercy and justice. In the struggle that

preceded the outbreak a great victory was won. The most formidable power

that ever fettered the consciences of men was struck to the earth.

Truth, long lost sight of, was again restored as one of the great

agencies of national deliverance and national elevation. The question

between England and Ireland assumed its real character; and although

huxtering politicians have since endeavoured to set up the honour of the

island for sale, they have only been able to dispose of their own

characters. The people have not debased themselves. In the lying homage

to the Queen of England they took no part. They have preserved through

the severest trials the old immortal yearning of their race, and the

arms they had provided themselves with in '48 they have guarded

religiously, in the hope of using them on some day of brighter auspices

and loftier destiny.

[Illustration: John Savage (1848)]

APPENDICES

I

THOMAS D'ARCY M'GEE'S NARRATIVE OF 1848

Early on Saturday the 22nd of July I left my pleasant home in

Cullenswood, near Dublin, to which I was never to return. On reaching

the city I found a telegraphic despatch from London had been just

published, announcing the suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act, and that

the "extraordinary powers" to be conferred on the Lord Lieutenant would

be forwarded to Dublin on the following Monday. It was contended on all

hands that the hour for action or submission or flight for the

Confederates was now come. Of "The Council of Five,"[16] there were then

in Dublin but three members. One is now in Van Diemen's Land; the others

were Mr. Dillon and myself. We had a hasty meeting in the old Council

Rooms of the Irish Confederation. They decided to proceed that evening

to Enniscorthy to advise with Smith O'Brien, and, as I understood, to

proceed with him to the district between the Suir and the Shannon, and

to operate from that basis according to circumstances and their own best

judgment.

A gentleman had arrived in Dublin that morning with a proposition which

decided my movements and led me into some singular situations.

He was a professional man, by birth an Irishman who had resided a long

time in Scotland. He had one only son, two rifles, and £120 in money,

which he brought as his offering to the country. He informed us that

several hundred Irishmen in Scotland had been all the year preparing for

this event, that they had a good share of arms and ammunition, and that

if any plan could be devised to bring them into Ireland, they could be

relied on for courage and endurance. I do not mention this gentleman's

name, because I do not know but he is still under the laws of England.

We perceived, on consultation, that if it were possible to land 400 or

500 staunch men in the north-west--say, at Sligo or Killala--where the

Government were completely off their guard (all their anxieties being

centred on the south), an important movement might follow in Sligo,

Leitrim, Roscommon and Mayo. It would be like hitting the enemy in the

back of the head. It would necessarily draw off some of the forces from

Munster, through the valley of the Upper Shannon, which, with its

continuous chain of lake, bog and mountain frontier, would be difficult

ground for the movements of a regular army.

It was necessary, as our informant said, that "someone with a name"

should go over and concert with the Irishmen in Scotland the mode and

time of action, and I was the only person at hand willing for that

service. For my encouragement, Meagher assured me I would be "as famous

as Paul Jones" if I got the men out of the Clyde, and Mr. Dillon

suggested as a landing-place "the old ground, Killala."

That afternoon I left Dublin, and on Tuesday morning I was in Scotland.

I cannot give the exact particulars of my movements while there. All who

were in my confidence are still in Scotland, with the exception of Mr.

Peter M'Cabe of Glasgow, now in the United States. I will only say that

I visited and consulted our friends in four of the principal

towns--Edinburgh included. I attended meetings of the clubs and in each

instance instituted committees. I obtained in a few days a list of

nearly 400 men, pretty well equipped, ready for the risk. A

sub-committee surveyed the Broomielaw and the Clyde, and although their

report was unfavourable to the attempt of getting out in one body, a

gentleman, now in America, gained over the crew and officers of an Irish

steamer to take us as passengers from Greenock where the tides in a few

days would answer for departure about ten o'clock at night. The arms

were to be previously shipped as merchandise or luggage, and the

destination was to be Sligo.

These arrangements occupied from Tuesday till Friday of the last week of

July. In the meanwhile, the London Journals arrived with news that

O'Brien and his friends had been received with open arms in the south,

and great excitement and suspicion of strangers arose in Scotland. In

the Reading Room at Paisley I read myself in _The Hue and Cry_. One

paper stated I was in Waterford, another said I was "revelling among the

clubs in the Co. Dublin." The _Times_ did me the honour to couple me

with Meagher, calling us "the two most dangerous men now abroad." No one

suspected my real locality.

On Friday I was in Edinburgh intending to return to Glasgow, when

Mr. ----, accompanied by a friend suddenly joined me. I saw they were a

good deal agitated. They told me a Scotch mechanic who had been formerly

in Dublin had seen me in the streets of Glasgow opposite Wellington

statue, and that the news was "all round town." They added that the

magistrates were in secret sitting, and as the writ of Habeas Corpus is

unknown to the law of Scotland, I would be certainly arrested and

summarily imprisoned if I returned. They were instructed to advise me to

go to Ireland through the north of England, to prepare our friends in

and about Sligo, and that they would complete the project which they had

begun, and which was now in promising forwardness. I complied and Mr.

---- handed me a purse, as a personal gift from the Committee. This

purse contained twelve or thirteen sovereigns, the only public money I

received in this enterprise. After purposely driving to the West of

Scotland depot [railway terminus] we returned to the North British, and

my friends saw me off a station or two on the way to Newcastle-on-Tyne.

I slept that night in Newcastle.

Between Newcastle and Carlisle the next day (Saturday) I had for a

fellow passenger the Rev. Thresham Gregg[17] who was on a lecturing

excursion against the Pope in the north of England. I had been

introduced to him a year or two before and supposed he knew me. He

certainly looked very hard at me from under his travelling-cap, with his

half-shut cunning eyes. I had in my hand "Bradshaw's Railway Guide,"

which he asked to see. At the way stations he kept constantly inquiring

the distance to Carlisle, and I sorely suspected he meant to "peach." He

did not, however, though I still think he must have known me.

In Carlisle I met at dinner two Dublin priests (one from Westland Row

chapel). They were bound on a pleasure-trip for Loch Katrine and the

Trossachs. They informed me that I was "proclaimed," and seemed

surprised at my returning. We parted very cordially and that night I

went to Whitehaven where I had to wait over Sunday for the Belfast

steamer.

In Whitehaven (by accident) I met with Mr. James Leach, the well-known

Chartist, with whom I had some conversation unnecessary here to be

repeated.

On Tuesday morning I arrived in Belfast. Two policemen entered the cabin

as I was leaving it, and having been at the meeting which occasioned the

Hercules Street riot,[18] I thought they would recognise me. They did

not, however, and at 8 o'clock (after leaving a note for a dear and

trusted friend of Mr. Duffy's, to mark my whereabouts) I was safely

embarked on the Ulster railway for Armagh. At Aughnacloy a detective

gave me a light, and before I went to bed (in Enniskillen) had read the

proclamations against the leaders of the Southern movement, on the gates

of the Barrack. The next morning I reached Sligo by the Leitrim road.

This was Wednesday morning, August 2nd.

At the Hibernia Hotel, where I stopped as Mr. Kelly (my travelling

baptism), I saw for the first time in ten days the Irish papers. The

Dublin _Freeman_ and _Saunder's News Letter_ were on the table. I read

the list of the places where, and the clergymen by whom, the Southern

movement had been "denounced," on Sunday, July 23rd and Sunday, July

30th. The same papers contained Lord Clarendon's wily letter to

Archbishop Murray, offering to alter the statutes of the new colleges

and to remodel the Bequests Bill so as to content the Catholic clergy,

and artfully complimenting Pius IX. The game of the Government was

clear--it was to separate the clergy from the people in the coming

struggle.

The evening of my arrival in Sligo, I conferred with a few friends. The

place chosen was "a shell house" in the demesne of Hazelwood on the

shores of Lough Gill. Of those[D] who formed that conference one at

least, Mr. William M'Garahan, is now in America. We ascertained the

garrison of Sligo to be but ninety men--the barrack to be surrounded by

a common eight-foot wall, and the local authorities to be completely

lulled to sleep. The circumstances were as favourable as could be

expected.

But there never had been in Sligo or Leitrim any local Confederate or

even "Repeal" organisation. The only local societies were secret--Molly

Maguires and Ribbonmen. It was necessary to get into communication with

them and late the next night Dr. ----, a Confederate, introduced me to

one of their leaders, on a road which crosses a hill to the south of the

town. This gentleman I found wary, resolute, and intelligent. He said:

"I have no doubt of what you say, but I must have certain facts to lay

before our district chiefs. At present we don't know what to believe.

One day we hear one thing--another, another. Bring us by this day week

assurances that the South is going to rise or has risen, and we will

raise two thousand before the week is out." I agreed to do so and he in

the meantime went to prepare his friends.

I returned to my confidants of the first conference and "reported

progress." It was rather difficult to find a trusty messenger. I

volunteered to go myself, but they would not hear of it. At last a man

who could be depended on was obtained, and, armed with certain passwords

(unintelligible except to those for whom they were intended) he left to

go through Roscommon and Westmeath into Tipperary by Borrisokane and

Nenagh.

Simultaneously with this, agents went abroad in the country, and I, by

the advice of the local leaders, went to lodge under Benbulben in the

character of a Dublin student in search of health and exercise during

the summer vacation. Within a week we expected to be openly arrayed

against the authorities, and no man that I saw shrank from the prospect.

From my lodgings under Benbulben I made a visit to Bundoran to meet some

friends from Donegal who were anxious to consult me as to the state of

the county. By an odd chance I lodged in the same house with the

stipendiary magistrate, Sir Thomas Blake, and had to go through his

bedroom to my own. We met frequently but he was quite unsuspicious. He

has, I find since, been dismissed from his office, after an ineffectual

search for me through the county, a month from the time we had lived

under the same roof.

While our messenger had gone south there arrived one from our friends in

Scotland. Him I sent back the same night to expedite affairs there. In

the meanwhile, on such maps as we had, my friends and I studied the

roads and the formation of the country. There is in this part of Ireland

a plateau of about twenty-five miles square of broken or mountainous

ground. Of this district Ballinamore in Leitrim might be considered the

centre; there are but three main roads leading through it--the Boyle

road, the Red Lion road, and the Ballysodare road--which could all be

easily rendered impassable, passing as they do over rapid streams,

through narrow defiles or across extensive marshes. There is no great

military depot within the district--Enniskillen, Athlone, and even

Castlebar being within the spurs of the mountains. Sligo, its chief town

was, as we saw, poorly garrisoned, and yet as a seaport of the second

class it contained many things of the greatest use in a military

movement--as lead, arms, canvas, tools, money, ships' stores,

breadstuffs, types for proclamations and even some small cannon. From

three to five thousand men it was calculated, could be well-equipped and

could maintain themselves for three months within this district, with

tolerable prudence and exertion. Before the time expired we hoped to

receive help and officers from abroad, and afterwards to be able to

undertake greater things.

We could not but remember that this was the district chosen by Owen

O'Neill after his arrival from Spain in 1645 and that it was here he

"nursed up" by slow degrees the army which fought at Benburb, and which

in Napoleon's opinion, but for the premature death of Owen, would have

checkmated Cromwell. The ground once chosen by a great general for its

natural capabilities may safely be chosen again, and usually is, as in

Hungary for instance. The very posts and battlefields held and fought by

Bem and Dembinski were the same whereon Huniad and Corvinus, four and

five hundred years ago, fought against the Turks and Bosmens. Thus we

had the sanction of a great example and the stimulus of an inspiriting

tradition to point to for the choice of the ground.

We had not long to wait for news from the South--it came of itself. On

Saturday the 5th of August Mr. O'Brien was arrested in Thurles. His

companions, it was said, were fled hither and thither; but, at all

events, his arrest had proved that, at that time, the South would not

rise in arms against the Government.

This was the interpretation universally put upon it in the north-west.

It was in vain I said, "There are other men as brave and as good who are

still free and from whom we will hear better news." Those to whom I

spoke were incredulous. Still I must do the people of the county the

justice to say that in a meeting of their district-leaders at ---- it

was discussed for two successive nights with great animation whether or

not the district should rise even then. The parties for and against a

rising were nearly balanced, but the latter prevailed on the argument

that unless it was general it would be fruitless.

For ten dismal days I remained in this neighbourhood, hoping against

hope and endeavouring to make others do the same. The proposals I then

made, the result of desperation, I will not repeat, for now, even to

myself, I confess they look wild and extravagant. But I felt the whole

futurity of shame that awaited us for abandoning the country without a

blow. It was well advanced in August before I could persuade myself that

no hope remained. The Treasurer of our Scotch Committee came to Ireland

expressly to urge me to consult my own safety in flight, in which he was

joined by the whole of my local associates. Successively arrived the

news of Meagher, Leyne and MacManus being taken. Then indeed I knew "all

was up." Then, indeed, I felt the force of what I had long before

prophesied--"What if we fail?" I resolved not to be taken if I could

help it, and acted accordingly. After some personal adventures in

Donegal and Derry (with which I will not trouble the reader) I saw the

last of the Irish shore early in September, and on the 10th of October

reached Philadelphia.

I close here with this reflection: Had I been transported or hanged, I

have no doubt full justice would be done me, because it would be

nobody's interest to do me injustice. Had I kept silent, I might have

lived an easy, prudent, reputable sort of life enough. But I established

a journal on reaching America, and whereas my spine is not made of

whalebone nor my conscience of indiarubber, I spoke the truth as I knew

it in all things freely--thereby offending divers parties. This, I

believe, could not be helped. After nearly a year of silence[19] I have

at last (in self-defence) written this narrative, of which I assure the

readers they never would have heard a word from me, but that

misrepresentations not to be borne demanded its publicity. Those who

from want of information misrepresented me hitherto can do so no more;

and those who, knowing these facts, yet wilfully maligned me, I have now

deprived of the power to do me further injury. Truth is powerful, and

this is truth.

II

THE PROCLAMATION OF DOHENY AND HIS COLLEAGUES

By the Lord Lieutenant General and General-Governor of Ireland

A PROCLAMATION

CLARENDON--

Whereas we have received information that THOMAS FRANCIS MEAGHER, JOHN

B. DILLON and MICHAEL DOHENY have been guilty of treasonable practices,

now we the Lord Lieutenant being determined to bring the said THOMAS

FRANCIS MEAGHER, JOHN B. DILLON and MICHAEL DOHENY to justice, do hereby

offer a reward of

THREE HUNDRED POUNDS

to any person or persons who shall secure and deliver up to safe custody

the person of any one of them, the said THOMAS FRANCIS MEAGHER, JOHN B.

DILLON and MICHAEL DOHENY.

And we do hereby strictly charge and command all justices of the peace,

mayors, sheriffs, bailiffs, constables and all other of her Majesty's

loyal subjects to use their utmost-diligence in apprehending the said

THOMAS FRANCIS MEAGHER, JOHN B. DILLON and MICHAEL DOHENY.

Given at her Majesty's Castle of Dublin, this 28th day of July, 1848.

By his Excellency's Command,

T.N. REDINGTON.

III

"THE HUE AND CRY"

The official description of himself read by Thomas Darcy M'Gee was more

accurate and less intentionally insulting than the official descriptions

of most of his colleagues compiled in Dublin Castle and published in the

_Hue and Cry_ of July 27th, 1848. Probably no other official document

issued to the public in the last hundred years by Dublin Castle has

equalled this stupid malignity. "Sketches of Doheny and some of the

Confederate leaders, modelled upon the descriptions of burglars and

murderers, that ordinarily adorn the _Hue and Cry_ were," wrote Sir

Charles Gavan Duffy, a generation later, "issued for the enjoyment of

loyal persons." The _Freeman's Journal_ of the day wrote that the public

who were acquainted with the appearance of the gentlemen described will

read with feelings of contempt the malignant effort to insult and wound

the relatives of the men proscribed by the issue of a written caricature

of their persons. This remarkable production of the genius and spirit of

Dublin Castle, read as follows:--

DESCRIPTION OF PERSONS CHARGED WITH

TREASONABLE PRACTICES

WILLIAM SMITH O'BRIEN.--No occupation; forty-six years of age; six feet

in height; sandy hair; dark eyes; sallow, long face; has a sneering

smile constantly on his face; full whiskers; sandy; a little grey;

well-set man; walks erect; dresses well.

THOMAS FRANCIS MEAGHER.--No occupation; twenty-five years of age; five

feet nine inches; dark, nearly black hair; light blue eyes; pale face;

high cheekbones; peculiar expression about the eyes; cocked nose; no

whiskers; well-dressed.

JOHN B. DILLON.--Barrister; thirty-two years of age; five feet eleven

inches in height; dark hair; dark eyes; thin sallow face; rather thin

black whiskers; dressed respectable; has bilious look.

MICHAEL DOHENY.--Barrister; forty years of age; five feet eight inches

in height; fair or sandy hair; grey eyes; coarse red face like a man

given to drink; high cheekbones; wants several of his teeth; very vulgar

appearance; peculiar coarse unpleasant voice; dress respectable; small

short red whiskers.

MICHAEL CREAN.--Shopman at a shoe-shop; thirty-five years of age; five

feet eight inches; fair or sandy hair; grey eyes; full face; light

whiskers; high fore-head; well-set person; dress, dark shooting frock or

grey tweed, and grey tweed trousers.

FRANCIS MORGAN.[20]--Solicitor; forty-three years of age; five feet

eight inches in height; very dark hair; dark eyes; sallow broad face;

nose a little cocked; the upper lip turns out when speaking; rather

stout; smart gait; black whiskers.

PATRICK JAMES SMITH.[21]--Studying for the bar; twenty-nine years of

age; five feet nine inches in height; fair hair; dark eyes; fair

delicate face and of weak appearance; long back; weak in his walk; small

whiskers; clothing indifferent.

JOHN HETHERINGTON DRUMM.[22]--Medical student; twenty years of age; five

feet three inches in height; very black and curly hair; black eyes; pale

delicate face; rather thin person; delicate appearance; no whiskers;

small face and nose; dressed respectably; Methodist.

THOMAS D'ARCY M'GEE.--Connected with the _Nation_ newspaper;

twenty-three years of age; five feet three inches in height; black hair;

dark face; delicate, pale, thin man; dresses generally black shooting

coat, plaid trousers, light vest.

JOSEPH BRENNAN.--Sub-Editor of the _Felon_ newspaper; five feet six

inches in height; dark hair; dark eyes; pale, sallow face; very stout;

round shoulders; Cork accent; no whiskers; hair on the upper lip; soft,

sickly face; rather respectably dressed, a little reduced.

THOMAS DEVIN REILLY.--Sub-editor of the _Felon_ newspaper; twenty-four

years of age; five feet seven inches in height; sandy coarse hair; grey

eyes; round freckled face; head remarkably broad at the top; broad

shoulders; well-set; dresses well.

JOHN CANTWELL.--Shopman at a grocer's; thirty-five years of age; five

feet ten inches in height; sandy hair; grey eyes; fair face; good

looking; short whisker, light; rather slight person, dresses ...

Supposed a native of Dublin.

STEPHEN J. MEANY.--Sub-editor of _Irish Tribune_; twenty-six years of

age; five feet eleven inches in height; dark hair; full blue eyes; dark

face; small whiskers growing under the chin; smart appearance; was a

constable of the C Division of Police, discharged for dirty habits;

stout person; generally dressed in black.

RICHARD O'GORMAN, Junior.--Barrister; thirty years of age; five feet

eleven inches in height; very dark hair; dark eyes; thin long face;

large dark whiskers; well-made and active; walks upright; dresses black

frock coat, tweed trousers.

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 16: After the merging of the Irish Confederation in the

abortive Irish League, and the consequent dissolution of the Executive

of the Confederation, a Council of Five was elected to direct the

Confederate Clubs until the new organisation was perfected. The five

elected were John Blake Dillon, Thomas Francis Meagher, Richard

O'Gorman, Junior, Thomas D'Arcy M'Gee, and Thomas Devin Reilly. The five

never met. O'Gorman was out of Dublin when the Habeas Corpus Act was

suspended.]

[Footnote 17: The Rev. Thresham Gregg was a notorious and blatant

"anti-Popery" preacher of the period whom the wits of Young Ireland

frequently made the butt of their jests. Apart from his bigoted

sectarian obsession, he was, however, in several respects decidedly

nationalistic, and steadily preached support of home trade and

manufactures to his audiences. There can be no reasonable doubt that he

recognised M'Gee. In this connection it may be stated that the Orangemen

expelled from membership of their body Stephenson Dobbyn, an Orangeman

who acted as a spy for Dublin Castle upon the Young Irelanders--drawing

a clear and proper line between forcibly opposing their fellow

countrymen and acting as spies for England upon them.]

[Footnote 18: Hercules Street in Belfast, now swept away, was chiefly

inhabited by butchers who were almost all Catholics and fervent

O'Connellites. When the Young Irelanders attempted to hold a meeting in

Belfast shortly after O'Connell's death, the butchers made a fierce

attack upon them.]

[Footnote 19: This narrative was written at the beginning of 1850]

[Footnote 20: Law Agent to the Dublin Corporation.]

[Footnote 21: Patrick Joseph Smyth]

[Footnote 22: Sub-editor of the _Nation_; afterwards a clergyman.]

CONTEMPORARIES MENTIONED IN "THE FELON'S TRACK"

ANGLESEY, LORD (1768-1854).--Henry William Paget, who lost a leg at

Waterloo and erected a monument to its memory. Lord Lieutenant of

Ireland, 1828-9, 1830-3.

ANTISELL, DR. THOMAS.--A Dublin surgeon and chemist of distinction,

author of various pamphlets and addresses to the Royal Dublin Society on

the geology of Ireland, reafforestation, and the sanitary conditions of

Irish town-life. He supplied a large part of the capital to found the

_Irish Tribune_. After the failure of the insurrection he went to the

United States where he had a distinguished scientific career.

BANTRY, LORD.--(1801-1884) William Hare White, third earl, Lieut-Col, of

the West Cork Artillery. The title became extinct in 1891.

BARRY, MICHAEL JOSEPH (1817-1889).--A Cork barrister, editor of "The

Songs of Ireland" in the Library of Ireland, and author of several

martial pieces, including "The Flag of Green." After the failure of the

insurrection he renounced Nationalism and subsequently became a Dublin

Police Magistrate.

BARRETT, RICHARD (17-- -1855).--Brother of Eaton Stannard Barrett of

Cork, the once famous author of "All the Talents." A journalist of

fortune who changed sides with agility and enlisted under O'Connell in

his latter years, having formerly vilified him.

BRENAN, JOSEPH (1828-1857).--The youngest of the Young Ireland leaders.

Edited Fullam's _Irishman_ in 1849 and unsuccessfully attempted to

revive the insurrection in Waterford and Tipperary. On his failure he

emigrated to the United States and died in New Orleans.

BRODERICK, CAPTAIN.--Inspector-General of Repeal Reading Rooms. He

quitted Conciliation Hall after the death of O'Connell and died mentally

afflicted.

BRYAN, MAJOR.--Of Raheny Lodge, Co. Dublin. Major Bryan acquired a

moderate fortune in Tasmania and returned to Ireland where he joined the

Repeal movement. He left Conciliation Hall with the Young Irelanders.

CAMPBELL, SIR JOHN (1779-1861).--Author of the "Lives of the Lord

Chancellors." A Scots Tory politician, raised to the peerage subsequent

to his connection with Ireland, and finally Lord Chancellor of England.

CANGLEY, DAVID (18-- -1847).--A barrister and one of the hopes of Young

Ireland. Ill-health pursued him through life and ended it prematurely.

CANTWELL, JAMES.--A Dublin mercantile assistant and, later, a

restaurant-proprietor. One of the Council of the Confederation who

supported Mitchel's policy.

CARLETON, WILLIAM (1794-1869).--Author of "Traits and Stories of the

Irish Peasantry."

CAVAIGNAC, LOUIS EUGENE (1802-1857).--One of the most distinguished of

the French Generals in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. On

the establishment of the second Republic he was appointed Minister for

War, and when the "Reds" threatened its stability he was invested with

the dictatorship and speedily crushed the insurrection. In the contest

for the Presidency the glamour of Louis Napoleon's name defeated

Cavaignac. After Napoleon's _coup-d'etat_ Cavaignac retired into private

life. He had sympathies with Ireland, and in 1848 gave private

assurances that in the event of an Irish insurrection winning initial

successes, he would bring the influence of France to bear on England to

force her to concede terms to Ireland.

CAVANAGH, JOHN.--President of the Fitzgerald Confederate Club, Harold's

Cross, Dublin. Wounded at Ballingarry, he was brought to Kilkenny, where

he was concealed and cured by Dr. Cane, and later smuggled to France,

whence he proceeded to the United States, became an officer in the army

and was slain in the Civil War.

"CHRISTABEL" (1815-1881).--Miss M'Carthy, of Kilfademore House, Kenmare,

afterwards Mrs. Downing. A Popular poetess of the period, usually using

the _nom-de-guerre_ of "Christabel." Her best-known poem is "The Grave

of MacCaura." She assisted Doheny and Stephens to escape.

CLARENDON, EARL OF (1804-1870).--George Villiers, the fourth earl,

according to his English biographers, represented the highest type of

English politician and English gentleman. Lord Lieutenant of Ireland,

1846-1852. He hired the editor of an obscene journal in Dublin to

publish libels upon the moral character of the Young Irelanders, and

conducted the affairs of the country from March to June, 1848, under

this man's advice. He paid £3,400 for the services rendered and a demand

for further payments led to a public disclosure of the facts. At the

time Clarendon hired James Birch, Birch had completed a sentence of

imprisonment for criminal libel.

CLEMENTS, EDWARD.--A barrister. One of O'Connell's "tail" in

Conciliation Hall. The attempt of O'Connell to provide "poor Ned

Clements" with a Government situation precipitated the rupture with

Young Ireland.

CONWAY, M.G.--A journalist of ability and no principle who followed the

path of fortune. He professed ultra-Catholic views while O'Connell was

in the ascendant. After O'Connell's death he abjured Catholicism to

ingratiate himself with the Ascendancy element.

CRAMPTON, JUDGE (17-- -1858).--Philip Crampton, called to the Bar 1810,

Solicitor-General 1832, and raised to the Bench 1834. One of the judges

at O'Connell's trial, a strong Tory but a clever lawyer.

CREAN, MICHAEL.--Like M.G. Conway, a Clare man, but of the opposite

type. Crean worked in Dublin as a shopman and with Hollywood was one of

the two trades-union leaders on the Council of the Confederation, where

he opposed Mitchel's policy. After the failure of the insurrection he

went to the United States.

CROLLY, DR. (1780-1849).--Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All

Ireland from 1835 until his death.

DAUNT, W.J. O'NEILL.--A Co. Cork gentleman, one of O'Connell's first

Protestant supporters in the Repeal Movement. He was elected for Mallow,

but unseated. He ceased to attend Conciliation Hall after the rupture

with the Young Irelanders. Many years later he took a prominent part in

the Home Rule movement.

DAVIS, THOMAS (1814-1845).--The founder and inspiration of the Young

Ireland movement. Son of an English father of Welsh descent and an Irish

mother. From the inception of _The Nation_ newspaper until his death he

was the chief writer of that journal.

DILLON, JOHN BLAKE (1816-1866).--The close personal friend of Thomas

Davis and with him one of the founders of the _Nation_. On his return

from exile he attempted to found an Irish Party in alliance with the

British Radicals and sat in the British Parliament for Tipperary.

DOYLE, DANIEL.--A Limerick solicitor who acted with John O'Donnell and

O'Gorman in inciting Limerick county to insurrection in July, 1848.

After the failure he escaped across the water.

DUFFY, CHARLES GAVAN (1816-1903).--One of the three founders of the

_Nation_ and its editor from 1842 to 1854, when he left Ireland for

Australia where he became Prime Minister of Victoria. In 1873 he

received a knighthood.

"EVA" (1825-1910).--Miss Mary Kelly of Galway, afterwards Mrs. Kevin

Izod O'Doherty. One of the chief poets of the _Nation_.

FERGUSON, SAMUEL (1810-1886).--A Belfast barrister and, save Edward

Walsh, the most Gaelic of Irish poets in the English language. Ferguson

took a leading part in the Protestant Repeal Association in 1848 and

afterwards became one of the first of Irish archaeologists. In 1878 he

was knighted.

FITZGERALD, JOHN LOYD.--Of Newcastle West, Limerick. A lawyer of high

standing.

FITZSIMON, CHRISTOPHER.--Son-in-law of Daniel O'Connell, elected to the

British Parliament for Co. Dublin. He deserted Repeal to support the

Government and was rewarded with the post of Clerk of the Hanaper. His

desertion caused the representation of the Co. Dublin to revert to the

Unionists for half-a-century.

GRAY, SIR JOHN (1815-1875).--A medical doctor and owner of the

_Freeman's Journal_, publicly supporting O'Connell, but personally in

sympathy with Young Ireland. He sat in the British Parliament

subsequently for Kilkenny and was an active member of the Dublin

Corporation.

GRATTAN, HENRY, JUN.--Son of the great Grattan and member for Meath,

1831-52. An honest but weak politician.

GREY, EARL (1802-1894).--Third Earl. Colonial Secretary in the British

Liberal Government, 1846 to 1852.

HALPIN, THOMAS M.--Secretary of the Confederation, and a Dublin

working-man. According to Meagher he failed to transmit instructions to

the Dublin Confederate Clubs to rise in insurrection in the streets of

the capital when the fight opened in Tipperary. Halpin denied

emphatically having received such orders. After the insurrection he made

his way to the United States.

HEYTESBURY, LORD (1779-1860).--William A'Court, British Envoy in Spain

and Naples, and Ambassador in Portugal and Russia. Lord Lieutenant of

Ireland, 1844-6.

HOGAN, JOHN (1800-1858).--One of the greatest of modern sculptors. With

MacManus and other artists he presented O'Connell with the "Repeal

Cap," modelled on the Irish Crown.

HOLLYWOOD, EDWARD.--A silk-weaver and, with Michael Crean, an artisan

leader. He acted as treasurer of the Davis Confederate Club. Arrested in

Wicklow with D'Arcy M'Gee for sedition, but the prosecution was

abandoned. After the insurrection he escaped to France, and some years

later returned to Dublin.

HOLMES, ROBERT (1765-1859).--Brother-in-law of Thomas Addis and Robert

Emmet, and a vehement opponent of the Union in 1799-1800. He declined to

accept promotion at the Bar while the Union endured.

HUDSON, WILLIAM ELIOT (1797-1853).--Described by Thomas Davis as the

best man and the best Irishman he ever knew. A man of fortune and

culture who devoted his leisure and his wealth to helping every movement

for the betterment of Ireland.

HUME, JOSEPH (1777-1855).--An English politician who sat in the British

Parliament for English, Irish, and Scotch constituencies as Tory and

later as Radical. Chief author of the Radical shibboleth, "Peace,

Retrenchment and Reform."

IRELAND, RICHARD.--A barrister, one of the founders of the Protestant

Repeal Association in 1848. He emigrated to Australia afterwards and

became Attorney-General of Victoria.

KENYON, FATHER (18-- -1869).--Curate and afterwards Parish Priest of

Templederry in Tipperary. A strong opponent of the "Old Irelanders" and

the close political and personal friend of John Mitchel.

LALOR, JAMES FINTAN (1810-49).--Son of Patrick Lalor, M.P. of Queen's

Co. A vigorous writer whose agrarian doctrine was converted by Henry

George into Land Nationalisation--which it was not. He contributed to

the _Nation_ and the _Felon_, 1847-8, and attempted an insurrectionary

conspiracy, 1849.

LAMARTINE, ALPHONSE DE (1790-1869).--Minister for Foreign Affairs in the

French Republican Government. The British Ministry through Lord

Normanby threatened him with the possible rupture of diplomatic

relations if he gave an encouraging reply to the Young Ireland

deputation. Politically Lamartine was more of the school of the British

Whigs of his period than of any native French school. His high character

and literary abilities were held in deserved esteem by his countrymen,

but as a man of affairs he was never really successful.

LANE, DENNY (1818-95).--A Cork commercial man who identified himself

prominently with the Young Ireland cause in Munster. Author of

"Carrigdhoun" and some other popular ballads.

LAWLESS, HON. CECIL.--Son of Lord Cloncurry. An O'Connellite Repealer

and somewhat virulent opponent of the Young Irelanders who nicknamed him

"Artful Cecil."

LEDRU-ROLLIN, ALEXANDRE (1808-74).--Minister of the Interior in the

French Republican Government of 1848. He was connected with Ireland by

marriage and strongly sympathised with its people.

LEFROY, BARON (1776-1869).--One-time member for Trinity College in the

British Parliament. Subsequent to 1848 promoted Lord Chief Justice of

the Queen's Bench, and although he became incapable of discharging the

office he refused to resign it until he had passed his ninetieth year.

LEYNE, MAURICE RICHARD (1820-1854).--The only member of the O'Connell

family who identified himself with Young Ireland. He was an occasional

contributor to the _Nation_ from 1844 to 1848 and in June of that year,

on the eve of the insurrection, formally joined Young Ireland. On the

revival of the _Nation_ in 1849 he joined Duffy in its editorship.

LOUIS NAPOLEON (1808-1873).--Son of the King of Holland, nephew of the

great Napoleon, President of the second Republic and, after the _coup

d'etat_ and the plebescite, Emperor of France. Napoleon while in

exile manifested some sympathy with Ireland, and as a member of the

French Republic was, like Cavaignac, willing to intervene on this

country's behalf with England if the Young Irelanders had succeeded in

winning initial engagements against the British forces in the field.

[Illustration: Louis Napoleon (1848)]

MACHALE, ARCHBISHOP (1791-1881).--"John of Tuam"--the greatest of the

Irish prelates of his time. He was in partial sympathy with the Young

Irelanders, but opposed to them on several educational questions.

MACNEVIN, THOMAS (1810-1848).--A leading Young Irelander and college

friend of Davis. Author, in the Library of Ireland, of "The Confiscation

of Ulster" and "The History of the Volunteers."

MACMANUS, TERENCE BELLEW (1823-60).--A prosperous Irish merchant in

Liverpool who relinquished his prosperity to join in the insurrection.

He escaped from the British penal colonies to the United States and died

there in poor circumstances.

MACLISE, DANIEL (1806-1870).--One of the first painters of his time. He

refused the presidency of the British Royal Academy.

M'CARTHY, DENIS FLORENCE (1817-1882).--One of the chief poets of the

_Nation_, afterwards Professor of English Literature in the Catholic

University.

M'GEE, THOMAS DARCY (1825-1868).--Son of a coast-guard at Carlingford,

Louth. M'Gee between the ages of seventeen and twenty won a remarkable

reputation as a journalist in the United States and came back to Ireland

to take up the editorship of the _Freeman's Journal_, which he

relinquished to join the _Nation_ staff. After the failure in 1848

Bishop Maginn procured his escape to America disguised as a priest.

M'Gee, Devin Reilly and Doheny quarrelled in the United States, and

M'Gee's political views gradually modified. He proceeded to Canada,

entered politics, and became one of the first statesmen of the dominion

and a member of the Government. In that position he was continually

attacked by a section of the Irish as a renegade, and the bitterness of

his replies inflamed feeling. In April, 1868, he was assassinated by an

alleged Fenian. Local and sectional political hatreds appear, however,

to have had more to do with the murder of M'Gee than his virulent

denunciations of the Fenians.

MAGINN, EDWARD, D.D. (1802-1849).--Son of a farmer at Fintona, Tyrone,

Dr. Maginn entered the Church and speedily became noted for his vigour

of intellect and strength of character. In 1845 he was appointed

coadjutor-Bishop of Derry, and created Bishop of Ortosia in the

Archbishopric of Tyre. A strong advocate of Repeal and tenant-right, he

gradually attorned to the Young Irelanders when he discovered that the

Whig Government had bought up Conciliation Hall. In 1848 he sent Sir

John Gray to Gavan Duffy offering to take the field at the head of the

priests of his diocese if the insurrection were held back until the

harvest had been reaped. The sudden suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act,

however, forced the Young Irelanders' hands two months too soon.

MANGAN, JAMES CLARENCE (1803-49).--The first of the poets of the Young

Ireland period. He declined to write for any but the Irish public, and

died in poverty.

MARTIN, JOHN (1812-1875).--A landed proprietor of Co. Down. On his

return from transportation, he re-entered Irish politics; was elected in

1870 to the British Parliament, for Meath, and played a leading part in

founding the Home Rule movement.

"MARY" (1828-69).--With "Eva" and "Speranza" one of the triumvirate of

the women-poets of the _Nation_: Miss Ellen Mary Downing of

Cork--afterwards a nun, Sister Mary Alphonsus.

MEAGHER, THOMAS FRANCIS (1823-67).--Son of the O'Connellite member of

the British Parliament for Waterford. He escaped from the British Penal

colonies to the United States in 1852 and served as Brigadier-General

on the Federal side during the civil war. When Acting-Governor of

Montana he was drowned in the Mississippi.

MEANY, STEPHEN JOSEPH.--A journalist, imprisoned in 1848 under the

Habeas Corpus Suspension Act. In the United States he became a leader of

one of the wings of the Fenian Brotherhood and, returning to Ireland in

1866, he was arrested on the way in London and sentenced to a term of

penal servitude.

MELBOURNE, LORD (1779-1848).--William Lamb, second Viscount, Chief

Secretary of Ireland, 1827-8, and Premier of England with brief

intervals from 1834 to 1841.

MILEY, JOHN, D.D. (1805-1861).--Curate at the Catholic Pro-Cathedral,

Dublin, and private chaplain to O'Connell. He was the intermediary in

arranging the reunion of the O'Connellites with the Young Irelanders in

the stillborn Irish League. In 1849 he was made Rector of the Irish

College at Paris. On his return to Ireland he was appointed parish

priest of Bray. He was an eloquent preacher, and author of several works

on the Papacy.

MITCHEL, JOHN (1818-75).--A solicitor of Banbridge, and one of the first

Irish Protestants of note to join the Repeal Association. From the death

of Davis until the end of 1847 he was the chief writer of the _Nation_

newspaper. On his escape from the British penal colonies in 1853 he

settled in the United States, and took an active part on the Confederate

side in the civil war. He returned to Ireland a few months before his

death, and was elected member of the British Parliament for Tipperary,

as a demonstration of hostility to British Government in Ireland.

MOORE, JUDGE.--Richard Moore, called to the Bar in 1807, acted for the

defence in the trial of O'Connell and the Traversers, Liberal

Attorney-General in 1846 and "almost Lord Chancellor." He was raised to

the Bench in 1847 and died in 1858.

MONAHAN, JAMES HENRY (1804-78).--Attorney-General in 1848,

Chief-Justice of the Common Pleas, 1850.

NAGLE, DR.--"A Dublin doctor without patients," who acted as a handyman

for John O'Connell. He was devoid of ability. Subsequently he received a

small Government post.

O'CONNELL, DANIEL (1775-1847).--Successor to John Keogh in the

leadership of the Irish Catholics, and although his actual achievements

were not so much greater than those of Keogh and Sweetman, their

brilliancy threw the fame of his predecessors into the shade, where it

still rests.

O'CONNELL, MAURICE (1802-53).--Eldest son of Daniel O'Connell, and a

member of the British Parliament. He was the cleverest and most national

of O'Connell's children.

O'CONNELL, MORGAN JOHN (1804-85).--Second son to Daniel O'Connell. He

served under General Devereux in South America, entered the British

Parliament as a Repealer, deserted Repeal, and was appointed

Assistant-Registrar of Deeds.

O'CONNELL, JOHN (1810-1858).--The chief political assistant of his

father, Daniel O'Connell. After the collapse of the Repeal Association

he received a place from the British Government.

O'CONNELL, DANIEL, JUN. (1815-1897).--The youngest of O'Connell's sons.

He sat in the British Parliament until 1863, when he was appointed to a

Government post.

O'CONOR DON, THE (1794-1847).--Repeal M.P. for Roscommon. He deserted to

the Liberals, and was made a Lord of the Treasury.

O'DEA, PATRICK.--The Young Ireland leader in Rathkeale, Co. Limerick.

O'DOHERTY, KEVIN IZOD (1823-1895).--Son of a Dublin solicitor. After his

release from transportation he settled in Australia and became prominent

in its politics and medical science. In 1885 he returned temporarily to

Ireland, and sat for a brief period in the British Parliament as

Parnellite member for Meath.

O'DONNELL, JOHN.--A Limerick solicitor and an ardent Young Irelander.

When Richard O'Gorman came to Limerick to urge the people to arms,

O'Donnell travelled through the county with him as his aide-de-camp. On

the news of the outbreak in Tipperary, O'Donnell, Doyle and Daniel

Harnett raised the country around Abbeyfeale, cut off the mails and

pitched an insurgent camp outside the town where the Abbeyfeale men

waited for O'Gorman, who was elsewhere in the county, to take command.

Before his arrival the news of the collapse at Ballingarry arrived and

the Abbeyfeale Camp broke up. O'Donnell escaped from the country with

O'Gorman.

O'DOWD, JAMES.--A Conciliation Hall lawyer. Afterwards appointed to a

legal position in connection with the London Custom house.

O'DWYER, CAREW.--Repeal M.P. for Louth, 1832-5. He deserted Repeal and

received a minor position in the Exchequer Court.

O'FLAHERTY, MARTIN.--A Galway solicitor and a member of the Irish

Confederation.

O'GORMAN, RICHARD, JUN. (1826-1895).--Son of Richard O'Gorman of the

Woollen Hall, one of the foremost Dublin merchants and Catholic leaders

in the Emancipation struggle. O'Gorman settled in New York after his

escape and became a judge of the Superior Court.

O'HEA, JAMES.--A lawyer described by Davis as of "vast abilities."

O'LOGHLEN, SIR COLMAN (1819-1877).--Second baronet, son of the Master of

the Rolls. Afterwards M.P. for Clare, a Privy Councillor and

Judge-Advocate-General.

O'MAHONY, JOHN (1816-1877).--A gentleman-farmer of ancient lineage and

high scholarship. After the second attempt to kindle insurrection he

fled to the Continent and later proceeded to the United States, where

with Doheny and Stephens he founded Fenianism.

PEEL, SIR ROBERT (1788-1850).--Chief Secretary for Ireland and organiser

of the "new police"--hence "peelers." In politics an opportunist,

opposing and supporting Catholic Emancipation and Free Trade. Premier of

England, 1834-5, 1841-6.

PENNEFATHER, BARON (1773-1859).--Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer,

1821, and for thirty-eight years a judge.

PIGOT, CHIEF BARON (1797-1872).--Son of Dr. Pigot of Mallow and one of

the founders of the attempted National Whig Party in the period 1820-30.

He was a cultured man and an upright judge.

PIGOT, JOHN E. (1822-1871).--Eldest son of Chief Baron Pigot and the

intimate comrade of Thomas Davis. Author of many ballads and articles in

the _Nation_ and other National journals, and an ardent collector of

Irish music.

PLUNKET, LORD (1764-1854).--William Conyngham Plunket, member for

Charlemont in the Irish Parliament and a bitter opponent of the Union.

Lord Chancellor of Ireland from 1830 to 1841.

RAY, THOMAS MATTHEW (1801-1881).--A Dublin trades-union leader of great

organising ability, appointed by O'Connell secretary of the Repeal

Association. Subsequently Assistant-Registrar of Deeds.

REILLY, THOMAS DEVIN (1823-1854).--One of the _Nation_ staff and one of

the few leading Young Irelanders who supported Mitchel on the division

in the Confederation in 1848. In the United States he won a foremost

position as a political writer.

REYNOLDS, JOHN.--An Alderman of the Dublin Corporation and M.P. for

Dublin City in the British Parliament, 1847-52. Subsequently Lord Mayor.

He was utterly corrupt and a mob-leader.

ROEBUCK, J.A. (1801-79).--An English politician who professed

Independent views, and from the violence of his denunciation of his

opponents was nicknamed "Tear 'em."

RUSSELL, LORD JOHN (1792-1878).--Liberal Prime Minister of England,

1846-52, and again, 1865. He successfully opposed Lord George Bentinck's

proposal to preserve the Irish from famine and pauperism by undertaking

the construction of railways.

SAVAGE, JOHN (1828-1888).--One of the founders of the _Irish Tribune_.

After the complete failure of the insurrection, he escaped to the United

States where he became eminent in literature and for a time head of the

Fenian movement.

SHEIL, RICHARD LALOR (1791-1851).--Dramatist, orator and politician.

Deserted Repeal and was made British minister at Florence. Subsequently

Master of the Mint.

SHIELDS, JAMES, GENERAL (1807-1879).--Born near Dungannon, Shields

emigrated in early life to the United States, where he attained

distinction in journalism and subsequently celebrity as a lawyer. On the

outbreak of war with Mexico, he forsook the Bar for arms, and as a

soldier acquired even higher renown. In 1848 he was chosen as governor

of Oregon, and was considered one of the ablest of the United States

Generals. His political views being in sympathy with the Young

Irelanders, several of them looked towards Shields as another Eoghan

Ruadh, who would accept the call of his country and return to lead the

Irish once they had taken the field. Subsequently Shields engaged in the

Civil War on the Northern side, and, although a comparatively old man,

distinguished himself by defeating General Stonewall Jackson at the

Battle of Winchester, although his army was inferior in numbers and he

had been wounded at the opening of the fight.

SMYTH, P.J. (1826-1885).--One of the youngest of the Young Ireland

leaders. He escaped from Ireland to the United States after the

collapse of the insurrection, and carried out the rescue of Mitchel from

Van Diemen's Land. On his return to Ireland he re-entered politics, and

sat in the British Parliament successively for Westmeath and Tipperary.

STANLEY, LORD (1802-1869).--Secretary for Foreign Affairs in the British

Liberal Government, 1846-52.

STAUNTON, MICHAEL.--Proprietor of the _Morning Register_ newspaper and

an alderman of the Dublin Corporation. His memory survives as the

involuntary agent of bringing Duffy and Davis together--and thus leading

to the foundation of _The Nation_.

STEPHENS, JAMES (1825-1901).--A Kilkenny railway employe. Afterwards

chief organiser of the Fenian movement, of which, with O'Mahony and

Doheny, he was one of the founders.

TORRENS, JUDGE.--Called to the Bar, 1798, raised to the Bench, 1823,

where he sat for thirty-three years.

WILDE, SIR THOMAS (1782-1855).--Lord Truro, Attorney-General to the

British Liberal Government in England, 1846; afterwards Chief Justice of

the Common Pleas and Lord Chancellor of England, 1850-2.

WILLIAMS, RICHARD DALTON (1822[E]-1862).--One of the most popular of the

poets of the _Nation_. The Government prosecution failed in his case,

and he emigrated to the United States where he became Professor of

Belles Lettres in the University of Mobile.

WYSE, SIR THOMAS (1791-1862).--One of O'Connell's lieutenants in the

Catholic Association, of which he wrote a history. He declined to

support Repeal, but favoured what is now known as Federal Home Rule,

served as a Lord of the Treasury in Melbourne's administration, and

afterwards for many years as British minister at Athens. He was a man of

superior character to the ordinary type of place-seekers, and his

writings won him a temporary European reputation.

[Illustration: General Cavaignac (1848)]

[Illustration: Ledru-Rollin (1848)]

[Illustration: Lamartine (1848)]

INDEX HOMINUM

Anglesea, Lord, 5, 302.

Antisell Dr., xxx, 141, 302.

Bantry, Lord, 241, 242, 302.

Barrett, Richard, 49, 302.

Barrett, Eaton Stannard, 302.

Barry, Michael Joseph, 32, 62, 98, 99, 105, 106, 302.

Bem, General, 296.

Bentinck, Lord George, xii, 315.

Birch, James, 303.

Blake, Sir Thomas, 295.

Blackburne, Chief Justice, 192, 197.

Brenan, Joseph, 301, 302.

Broderick, Captain, 86, 303.

Brown, Bishop, 43.

Bryan, Major, 89, 303.

Byrne, Rev. Father, 155, 163, 164, 166.

Callanan, Jeremiah Joseph, 225.

Campbell, Sir John, 18, 303.

Cane, Dr., 304.

Cangley, David, 32, 303.

Cantwell, Bishop, 40, 42, 44, 45.

Cantwell, James, xxx, 159, 168, 176, 301, 303.

Carleton, William, 33, 125, 303.

Cavanagh, John, 176, 181, 303, 304.

Cavaignac, General, xix, 303, 308.

"Christabel" (Mrs. Downing), 251, 304.

Clarendon, Lord, 127, 137, 199, 293, 298, 304.

Clements, Edward, 76, 304.

Cloncurry, Lord, 307.

Conway, Michael George, 62, 304.

Corvinus, Matthias, 296.

Crampton, Judge, 146, 304.

Crean, Michael, 112, 300, 304, 305, 307.

Crolly, Archbishop, 39, 43, 45, 61, 305.

Cromwell, Oliver, x, 296.

Curran, John Philpot, 71.

Cunningham, D.P., 176.

Daunt, W.J. O'Neill, 45, 305.

Davis, Thomas, viii, ix, 16-20, 22, 23, 30-33, 36, 42, 44, 50, 51, 56,

57, 63, 64, 69-71, 74, 127, 305, 309, 311, 316.

Dembinski, General, 296.

Devereux, General, 312.

Dillon, John Blake, xv-xvii, 17-20, 32, 122, 131, 140, 153, 159, 163,

175, 176, 178, 179, 223, 240, 283, 289, 290, 298, 300, 305.

Dobbyn, Stephenson, 292.

Doherty, Chief-Justice, 6, 192, 305.

Doyle, Daniel, 283, 305, 313.

Drumm, J.H., 300.

Duffy, Sir Charles Gavan, xx, 18, 19, 30, 32, 38, 69, 93-95, 119-122,

125, 126, 141, 148, 153, 299, 305, 308, 310, 316.

Duffy, James, 33.

Ebrington, Lord, 14, 15.

"Eva" (Mrs. Kevin Izod O'Doherty), 127, 305, 310.

Emmet, Thomas Addis, 307.

Emmet, Robert, 139, 143, 193, 307.

Ferguson, Sir Samuel, 118, 148, 305, 306.

Fitzgerald, John Loyd, 48, 306.

Fitzgerald, Lord Edward, 193.

Fitzpatrick, James, 99.

Fitzsimon, Christopher, 11, 306.

French, Henry Sneyd (High Sheriff of Dublin), 134, 136.

Fullam, Bernard, 302.

George, Henry, 307.

Gray, Sir John, 89, 299, 306, 310.

Grattan, Henry, Jun., 49, 67, 306.

Grey, Earl, 7, 306.

Gregg, Rev. Thresham, 292.

Halpin, Thomas, M. 112, 306.

Harnett, Daniel, 313.

Hartnett, Richard, xxx.

Hatchell, John, Solicitor-General, 145.

Heytesbury, Lord, 45, 306.

Hogan, John, 23, 70, 306, 307.

Hollywood, Edward, 112, 305, 307.

Holmes, Robert, 96, 131, 132, 135, 139, 140, 307.

Hudson, William Eliot, 32, 33, 71, 307.

Hume, Joseph, 74, 77, 307.

Huniad, Matthias, 296.

Ireland, Richard, 118, 148, 307.

Jackson, General "Stonewall," 315.

Jones, Paul, 290.

Kenyon, Father, 60, 131, 152, 174, 307.

Keeley, James, 112.

Lalor, Patrick, 307.

Lalor, James Fintan, 141, 307.

Lamartine, Alphonse de, xix, 307, 308.

Lane, Denny, 32, 308.

Lawless, Hon. Cecil, 109, 308.

Leach, James, 293.

Ledru-Rollin, Alexandre de, xix, 25, 107, 308.

Lefroy, Baron, 132-139, 307.

Leyne, Maurice, xiv, 173, 176, 179, 183, 297, 308.

Longmore, Captain, 178.

Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III.) xix, 303, 308, 309.

MacHale, Archbishop, 38, 44, 51, 309.

Maclise, Daniel 70, 309.

MacManus, Terence Bellew, xiv, xxi, 89, 176, 178, 181-183, 190-196, 198,

199, 297, 305, 309.

MacNally, Bishop, 43.

MacNevin, Thomas, 32, 33, 309.

Maginn, Bishop, xx, 309, 310.

Mangan, James Clarence, 127, 310.

Martin, John, xxx, 131, 138, 141-145, 200, 309, 310.

"Mary" (Miss Ellen Downing), 310.

M'Cabe, Peter, 292.

M'Carthy, Denis Florence, 32, 224, 238, 239, 309.

Meagher, Thomas Francis, ix, xiv-xix, 32, 89, 98, 102, 105, 107, 122,

128, 131, 138, 140, 153-159, 163, 165, 173-176, 179, 183, 189-199,

202, 204, 207, 289-291, 297-299, 305, 309, 310.

Meany, Stephen Joseph, 141, 301, 311.

Melbourne, Lord, 9, 10, 311.

M'Garahan, Wm., 294.

M'Gee, Thomas D'Arcy, xiv, xv, xx, 32, 113, 119, 120, 153, 289-297, 299,

300, 306, 307, 309, 310.

Miley, Rev. Dr., 115, 148, 311.

Mitchel, John, xii, xiii, xix, xx, xxx, 32, 33, 88, 89, 95, 96, 98, 99,

102, 105, 107, 118-122, 125, 127-141, 143, 151, 157, 188, 280, 311,

314, 316.

Mitchel, William Henry, 131.

Monahan, Chief Justice, 132, 139, 142, 143, 192, 312.

Moore, George Henry, xi, xii, 310.

Moore, Judge, 132, 133, 138, 139, 192, 311.

Morgan, Francis, 300.

Mullen, Robert, 75.

Murray, Archbishop, 45, 46, 295.

Nagle, Dr., 47, 48, 312.

Napoleon I., 298.

Normanby, Lord, 308.

O'Brien, William Smith, vii, xv-xx, 24, 34, 36, 41, 46, 49, 51, 57, 59,

67, 73, 76-81, 83-94, 96, 97, 99-101, 106-108, 117, 121, 122, 128,

129, 148, 156-159, 163, 165, 167-184, 187-195, 205-207, 284, 291,

296, 299.

O'Connell, Daniel, xxvii-xxix, 2-14, 21-25, 27-30, 34-41, 43, 45-50,

54-59, 61-70, 74-77, 83-89, 93-95, 97-101, 103-111, 114-117, 120,

187, 188, 250, 293, 302-304, 311, 312, 316.

O'Connell, Daniel (Jun.) 47, 88, 99, 101, 312.

O'Connell, John, 47, 59, 60, 77, 78, 81-83, 88, 101, 107, 113, 117, 128,

151, 312.

O'Connell, Maurice, 45, 59, 67, 88, 128, 312.

O'Connell, Morgan, 11, 312.

O'Conor Don, The, 109, 312.

O'Connor, Feargus, 9.

O'Dea, Patrick, xxx, 312.

O'Doherty, Kevin Izod, xxx, 141, 142, 145-147, 200, 312, 313.

O'Donohoe, Patrick, 168, 169,176, 178, 183, 189-196, 198, 199.

O'Donnell, John, 283, 305, 313.

O'Donnell, Richard, 192-193.

O'Dowd, James, 75, 313.

O'Dwyer, Andrew Carew, 11, 313.

O'Flaherty, Martin, 131, 313.

O'Gorman, Richard (Jun.), xv, 32, 89, 98, 99, 102, 105, 122, 131, 152,

153, 189, 223, 240, 283, 289, 301, 305, 312, 313.

O'Gorman, Richard (Sen.), 313.

O'Hagan, John, 32, 131.

O'Hara, Charles, 131.

O'Hea, James, 75, 88, 89, 313.

O'Loghlen, Sir Colman, 48, 49, 64, 75, 76, 88, 90-92, 118, 131, 140,

313.

O'Mahony, John, xiv, xvii, xviii, xxi, xxx, 163, 173, 176, 185, 186,

201, 202, 206, 269, 270, 283-287, 313, 314, 316.

O'Neill, Eoghan Ruadh, ix, 296, 315.

Parle, Father, xvi.

Peel, Sir Robert, 12, 20, 21, 36, 98, 314.

Pennefather, Baron, 142, 144, 146, 314.

Pigot, Chief Baron, 142, 144-146, 314.

Pigot, Dr., 314.

Pigot, John Edward, 89, 314.

Pius IX., Pope, 295.

Plunket, Lord, 18, 314.

Quinlan, Margaret, 186, 201.

Ray, Thomas Matthew, 10, 87, 88, 106, 314.

Reilly, John, 45, 106.

Reilly, Thomas Devin, xv, xviii, 32, 120, 127, 131, 138, 141, 153, 171,

176, 179, 184, 289, 301, 309, 314.

Reynolds, John, 47, 117, 314.

Roebuck, J.A., 57, 315.

Russell, Lord John, xii, 57, 97-99, 164, 250, 251, 315.

Savage, John, 141, 284-287, 315.

Shiel, Richard Lalor, 6, 101, 102, 109, 315.

Shields, General, v, vi, 315.

Sligo, Marquis of, xii.

Smyth, Patrick Joseph, xv, 159, 168, 283, 300, 315, 316.

Stanley, Lord, 9, 316.

Staunton, Michael, 17, 316.

Stephens, James, xxi, xxx, 168, 169, 176, 178, 181-183, 203-254, 314,

316.

Torrens, Judge, 316.

Trant, Captain, 180-183.

Victoria, Queen, 137, 199, 287.

Walsh, Edward, 305.

Wilde, Sir Thomas, 84, 316.

Wilde, Lady ("Speranza"), 310.

Williams, Richard Dalton, xxx, 32, 141, 145, 146, 316.

Wright, J.D., 176.

Wyse, Sir Thomas, 50, 58, 316.

[Transcriber's Note A: printed "posioned" in original.]

[Transcriber's Note B: spelled "alleigance" in original.]

[Transcriber's Note C: sic.]

[Transcriber's Note D: Printed "hose" in original.]

[Transcriber's Note E: Misprinted as "1882" in original.]