_By Sir Humphry Davy._
We continue our extracts from this "philosophical angler's" delightful
little book. The present will serve such as are unacquainted with the
mysteries of fly-fishing, and interest all who are fond of inquiries in
natural history.
_Management of Flies._
_Hal_--Whilst you are preparing I will mention a circumstance which every
accomplished fly-fisher ought to know. You changed your flies on Saturday
with the change of weather, putting the dark flies on for the bright
gleams of the sun, and the gaudy flies when the dark clouds appeared. Now
I will tell you of another principle which it is as necessary to know as
the change of flies for change of weather; I allude to the different kinds
of fly to be used in particular pools, and even for particular parts of
pools. You have fished in this deep pool; and if you were to change it for
a shallower one, such as that above, it would be proper to use smaller
flies of the same colour; and in a pool still deeper, larger flies;
likewise in the rough rapid at the top, a larger fly may be used than
below at the tail of the water; and in the Tweed, or Tay, I have often
changed my fly thrice in the same pool, and sometimes with success--using
three different flies for the top, middle, and bottom. I remember when I
first saw Lord Somerville adopt this fashion, I thought there was fancy in
it; but experience soon proved to me how accomplished a salmon-fisher was
my excellent and lamented friend, and I adopted the lesson he taught me,
and with good results, in all bright waters.
_Hooks._
_Hal_--I never use any hooks for salmon-fishing, except those which I am
sure have been made by O'Shaughnessy, of Limerick; for even the hooks made
in Dublin, though they seldom break, yet they now and then bend; and the
English hooks made of cast steel in imitation of Irish ones are the worst
of all. _There_ is a fly nearly of the same colour as that which is
destroyed; and I can tell you that I saw it made at Limerick by
O'Shaughnessy himself, and tied on one of his own hooks. Should you catch
with it a fish even of 30 lbs., I will answer for its strength and temper;
it will neither break nor bend.--We should have such hooks in England, but
the object of the fishing-tackle makers is to obtain them cheap, and most
of their hooks are made to sell, and good hooks cannot be sold but at a
good price.--The early Fellows of the Royal Society, who attended to all
the useful and common arts, even improved fish-hooks; and Prince Rupert,
an active member of that illustrious body, taught the art of tempering
hooks to a person of the name of Kirby, under whose name, for more than a
century, very good hooks were sold.
_Variety in Trout._
_Phys._--Tell us why they are so different from the river-trout, or why
there should be two species or varieties in the same water.--_Hal._ Your
question is a difficult one, and it has already been referred to in a
former conversation; but I shall repeat what I stated before, that
qualities occasioned by food, peculiarities of water, &c. are transmitted
to the offspring, and produce varieties which retain their characters as
long as they are exposed to the same circumstances, and only slowly lose
them. Plenty of good food gives a silvery colour and round form to fish,
and the offspring retain these characters. Feeding on shell-fish thickens
the stomach, and in many generations, probably, the gillaroo trout becomes
so distinct a variety, as to render it doubtful if it be not a distinct
species. Even these smallest salmon trout have green backs, _only_ black
spots, and silvery bellies; from which it is evident that they are the
offspring of lake trout, or _lachs forelle_, as it is called by the
Germans; whilst the river trout, even when 4 or 5 lbs., as we see in one
of these fish, though in excellent season, have red spots.
_Char._
_Phys._ The char[1] is a most beautiful and excellent fish, and is, of
course, a fish of prey. Is he not an object of sport to the angler?--_Hal.
_ They generally haunt deep, cool lakes, and are seldom found at the
surface till late in the autumn. When they are at the surface they will,
however, take either fly or minnow. I have known some caught in both these
ways; and have myself taken a char, even in summer, in one of those
beautiful, small, deep lakes in the Upper Tyrol, near Nazereit; but it was
where a cool stream entered from the mountain; and the fish did not rise,
but swallowed the artificial fly under water. I have fished for them in
many lakes, without success, both in England and Scotland, and also
amongst the Alps; and I am told the only sure way of taking them is by
sinking a line with a bullet, and a hook having a live minnow attached to
it, in the deep water which they usually haunt; and in this way, likewise,
I have no doubt the _umbla_, or _ombre chevalier_, might be taken.
[1] _Sabling_ of the Germans.
_Naturalization of Fish._
_Hal._ At Lintz, on the Danube, I could have given you a fish dinner of a
different description, which you might have liked as a variety. The four
kinds of perch, the _spiegil carpfen_, and the _siluris glanis_; all good
fish, and which I am sorry we have not in England, where I doubt not they
might be easily naturalized, and where they would form an admirable
addition to the table in inland counties. Since England has become
Protestant, the cultivation of fresh water fish has been much neglected.
The _burbot_, or _lotte_, which already exists in some of the streams
tributary to the Trent, and which is a most admirable fish, might be
diffused without much difficulty; and nothing could be more easy than to
naturalize the _spiegil carpfen_ and _siluris_; and I see no reason why
the _perca lucio perca_ and _zingil_ should not succeed in some of our
clear lakes and ponds, which abound in coarse fish. The new Zoological
Society, I hope, will attempt something of this kind; and it will be a
better object than introducing birds and beasts of prey--though I have no
objection to any sources of rational amusement or philosophical curiosity.
_Conveying Fish._
_Phys._--In Austria, the art of carrying and keeping fish is better
understood than in England. Every inn has a box containing grayling, trout,
carp, or char, into which water from a spring runs; and no one thinks of
carrying or sending _dead_ fish for a dinner. A fish-barrel full of cool
water, which is replenished at every fresh source amongst these mountains,
is carried on the shoulders of the fisherman. And the fish, when confined
in wells, are fed with bullock's liver, cut into fine pieces, so that they
are often in better season in the tank or stew than when they were taken.
I have seen trout, grayling, and char even, feed voraciously, and take
their food almost from the hand. These methods of carrying and preserving
fish have, I believe, been adopted from the monastic establishments. At
Admondt, in Styria, attached to the magnificent monastery of that name,
are abundant ponds and reservoirs for every species of fresh water fish;
and the char, grayling, and trout are preserved in different waters--
covered, enclosed, and under lock and key.
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