ninetieth regiment, which corps was disbanded at the Peace of
1763, to the colonelcy of the THIRTY-FIRST regiment, on the 8th
of February 1792, in succession to Lieut.-General Thomas Clarke,
removed to the thirtieth foot. Major-General Stuart’s decease
occurred in the following year.
HENRY EARL OF MULGRAVE, G.C.B.
_Appointed 8th February 1793._
LORD MULGRAVE entered the army on the 8th of June 1775, as
an ensign in the first foot guards, in which regiment he was
promoted lieutenant and captain on the 2nd of April 1778; on
the 30th of August 1779 he was promoted to the rank of major in
the eighty-fifth regiment, and to that of lieut.-colonel of the
eighty-eighth regiment on the 4th of October 1780. He was removed
to the forty-fifth regiment on the 9th of January 1782, and was
appointed captain and lieut.-colonel in the first foot guards on
the 6th of June 1783. He was advanced to the rank of colonel in the
army on the 18th of November 1790. His Majesty King George III.
conferred the colonelcy of the THIRTY-FIRST regiment upon Colonel
Lord Mulgrave on the 8th of February, 1793. Lord Mulgrave was
advanced to the rank of major-general on the 3rd October 1794; to
that of lieut.-general on the 1st of January 1801; and to that of
general on the 25th of October 1809.
Lord Mulgrave served in America from 1776 to the end of 1778;
in the West Indies in 1780:--he commanded at Toulon in 1793;
in Zealand in 1794; and in 1799 his Lordship was employed on a
military mission to the Archduke Charles and Marshal Suvaroff.
During the course of his military career, Lord Mulgrave received
the thanks, in public orders, of the officers under whom he
served. His Lordship was appointed Master-General of the Ordnance
on the 5th of May 1810, and held that appointment until the 31st
of December, 1818. On the 15th of August 1812, he was created Earl
of Mulgrave and Viscount Normanby. His Lordship was also appointed
Governor of Scarborough Castle. On the 20th of May 1820, his
Lordship was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the
Bath. General the Earl of Mulgrave died on the 12th of April 1831.
SIR HENRY WARDE, G.C.B.
_Appointed 13th April 1831._
In March 1783, this officer was appointed ensign in the first
regiment of foot guards, and was promoted to the rank of
lieutenant and captain in 1792; in the following year he landed
in Holland with the first troops sent to that country, and was
wounded in storming the outworks at the siege of Valenciennes.
He came home, and when recovered, returned early in July 1794,
and acted as adjutant to the third battalion of foot guards; he
returned in November, on being promoted to a company, with the
rank of lieut.-colonel. He served in the expedition to Ostend, as
lieut.-colonel, with Lieut.-General Sir Ralph Abercromby at the
Helder, and was present in all the actions. On the 1st of January
1801, His Majesty King George III. conferred on him the brevet
of colonel, and in 1804 he was appointed brigadier-general; he
served under Lord Cathcart at Copenhagen in 1807, and his name was
included in the vote of thanks from Parliament for his services
on that expedition. He was appointed major-general on the 25th
of April 1808, and he commanded the first brigade of guards, in
the force under Lieut.-General Sir David Baird sent to Corunna
in 1808, and returned after that battle. For his services at the
battle of Corunna, he again received the thanks of Parliament, and
a medal. He proceeded to India in 1809, and as second in command
under Lieut.-General Abercromby, to the Mauritius in 1810, where
he remained in command of the troops after the capture. For the
conquest of the Island of the Mauritius his name was included
in the vote of thanks from Parliament. He was afterwards acting
governor for three months, and was subsequently appointed to the
command of the forces at the Mauritius. On the 1st of January
1813, Major-General Sir Henry Warde was appointed colonel of the
sixty-eighth foot, and was advanced to the rank of lieut.-general
on the 4th of June, 1813. In January 1815, he was appointed a
Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath, and was advanced to the
dignity of a Knight Grand Cross on the 13th of September, 1831. On
the 22nd of July 1830, he was promoted to the rank of general.
On the 13th of April 1831, General Sir Henry Warde was removed from
the sixty-eighth to the colonelcy of the THIRTY-FIRST regiment.
His decease occurred on the 1st of October, 1834, at Alresford, in
Hampshire.
SIR EDWARD BARNES, G.C.B.
_Appointed 10th October, 1831._
This officer was appointed major in the ninety-ninth regiment
on the 16th of November, 1794, which corps was directed to be
raised early in that year, in consequence of the war with France.
In the year 1796 the ninety-ninth regiment was reduced. Major
Barnes was promoted to the brevet rank of lieut.-colonel on the
1st of January, 1800, and on the 17th of February following, was
appointed from the half-pay of the late ninety-ninth Foot to be
major in the seventy-ninth regiment, from which he was promoted
to the rank of lieut.-colonel of the forty-sixth regiment on the
23rd of April 1807. He was promoted colonel in the army on the
25th of July 1810, and was advanced to the rank of major-general
on the 4th of June 1813. He served on the staff in Spain and
Portugal, to which he was appointed on the 8th of August, 1812, and
commanded a brigade at the battles of Vittoria, Pyrenees, Nivelle,
Nive, and Orthes. He also served with the army in the campaign of
1815 in the Netherlands and France, as adjutant-general, and was
severely wounded in the battle of Waterloo. For his services the
major-general was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the
Bath, and had the honor to wear a cross and three clasps; was also
appointed a Knight of the Austrian Order of Maria Theresa, and of
the first class of St. Anne of Russia.
Major-General Sir Edward Barnes was appointed colonel of the
late ninety-ninth regiment on the 24th of October 1816, and
on the 13th of January 1819, he was appointed major-general on
the staff at Ceylon, of which island he was appointed governor,
and lieut.-general on the staff, in March 1823, which he held
until October 1831. On the 13th of May 1820, he was appointed
Colonel-Commandant of the Rifle Brigade, and was removed to the
seventy-eighth regiment on the 25th of August, 1822. On the 27th
of May 1825, he was promoted to the rank of lieut.-general, and
in the year 1832 was nominated a Knight Grand Cross of the Order
of the Bath. On the 10th of January, 1832, he was appointed
Commander-in-Chief in the East Indies with the local rank of
general, which he held until the 15th of October of the following
year. Lieut.-General Sir Edward Barnes was appointed by His Majesty
King William IV. to the colonelcy of the THIRTY-FIRST regiment on
the 10th of October 1834. His decease occurred in London on the
19th of March 1838.
SIR COLIN HALKETT, G.C.B.
_Appointed, 28th March 1838._
_Removed to the forty-fifth regiment on the 12th July 1847._
THE HONORABLE HENRY OTWAY TREVOR, C.B.
_Appointed 12th July 1847._
APPENDIX.
_Battles, Sieges, &c., which occurred in Germany and in the
Netherlands from 1743 to 1748, during the “War of the Austrian
Succession.”_
Battle of Dettingen (Germany) 27 June, 1743
Menin invested by the French 18 May, and captured. 5 June, 1744
Ypres invested by the French 7 June, and captured. 14 June, ----
Fort Knocque surrendered to the French June, ----
Furnes surrendered to the French 5 July, ----
Friburg (Germany) invested by the French 21 Sept. ----
Citadel of Friburg captured by the French 28 Nov. ----
Tournay invested by the French 23 April, 1745
Battle of Fontenoy 11 May, ----
Citadel of Tournay surrendered to the French 21 June, ----
Skirmish near Ghent 9 July, ----
Citadel of Ghent captured by the French 15 July, ----
Bruges captured by the French July, ----
Oudenarde captured by the French 21 July, ----
Dendermond captured by the French Aug. ----
Ostend invested by the French on 14 July, and captured 23 Aug. ----
Nieuport captured by the French 26 Aug. ----
Aeth captured by the French 28 Sept. ----
Brussels invested by the French 24 Jan., and captured 20 Feb. 1746
Mechlin captured by the French May, ----
Antwerp captured by the French 20 May, ----
Citadel of Antwerp captured by the French 31 May, ----
Mons invested by the French on 7 June, and captured 11 July, ----
Fort St. Ghislain captured by the French 21 July, ----
Charleroi invested by the French on 25 July, and
captured 2 Aug. ----
Huy captured by the French Aug. ----
Namur invested by the French 26 Aug.; Citadel captured 19 Sept. ----
Battle of Roucoux, near Liege 11 Oct. ----
Sluys surrendered to the French 11 April, 1747
Fort Sandberg in Hulst, and Axel, surrendered to the
French 28 April, ----
Sandvliet captured by the French June, ----
Battle of Val, or Laffeld, near Maestricht 2 July, ----
Bergen op-Zoom invested by the French 13 July, and
captured 16 Sept. ----
Forts Lillo, Frederick Henry, and Croix 2 Oct. ----
Limburg captured by the French Mar. 1748
Maestricht invested by the French 3 April, ----
Maestricht surrendered to the French 3 May, ----
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle 7 Oct. ----
LIST of the BRITISH REGIMENTS which served in FLANDERS and
GERMANY between 1742 and 1748, during the “_War of the Austrian
Succession_.”
+--------------------+--------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| Rejoined the Army in Flanders, after |
| the suppression of the Rebellion. |
| || |
| Returned to Great Britain in consequence of | || |
| the Rebellion in favor of the Pretender. | || |
| || | || |
| Year in which embarked for Flanders. | || | || |
| || | || | \/ |
| REGIMENTS. | COLONELS. | || | \/ | |
| | | \/ | | |
+--------------------+--------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| | | | | |
| CAVALRY. | | | | |
| | | | | |
|3rd Troop Horse }|Earl of Albemarle | 1742 | 1746 | .. |
| Guards }| | | | |
|4th ditto ditto |Earl of Effingham | 1742 | 1746 | .. |
|2nd ditto Horse }|Earl of Cranfurd | 1742 | 1746 | .. |
| Grenadier Guards.}| | | | |
|Royal Regiment }|Earl of Hertford | 1742 | 1746 | .. |
| Horse Guards }| | | | |
|1st Horse (1st }|Earl of Pembroke | 1742 | 1746 | .. |
| Dragoon Guards) }| | | | |
|4th Irish Horse }|Sir John Ligonier | 1742 | 1745 | .. |
| (7th Dragoon | | | | |
| Guards) }| | | | |
|1st Dragoons |Hawley | 1742 | 1745 | .. |
|2nd ditto |Campbell | 1742 | RF | .. |
|3rd ditto |Honeywood | 1742 | 1745 | .. |
|4th ditto |Rich | 1742 | 1746 | 1747 |
|6th ditto |Lord Cadogan | 1742 |} }| .. |
| (Inniskilling) | | |} RF }| |
|7th ditto |Cope | 1742 |} }| |
| | | | | |
| FOOT GUARDS. | | | | |
| | | | | |
|1st Foot Guards }|Duke of Cumberland | 1742 | 1745 | 1747 |
|1st Battalion }| | | | |
|2nd ditto ditto |Duke of Marlborough | 1742 | 1745 | .. |
|3rd ditto ditto |Earl of Dunmore | 1742 | 1745 | 1747 |
| | | | | |
| INFANTRY. | | | | |
| | | | | |
|1st Foot 1st Batt. |St. Clair | 1744 | 1745 | .. |
|3rd ditto (Buffs) |Howard | 1742 | 1745 | 1747 |
|4th ditto |Barrel | 1744 | 1745 | .. |
|8th ditto |Onslow | 1742 | 1745 | 1746 |
|11th ditto |Cornwallis | 1742 | RF | .. |
|12th ditto |Duroure | 1742 | 1745 | .. |
|13th ditto |Pulteney | 1742 | 1745 | 1746 |
|18th ditto |Mordaunt | 1743 | 1745 | .. |
|19th ditto (Green) |Howard | 1744 | RF | .. |
|20th ditto |Bligh | 1742 | 1745 | 1748 |
|21st ditto, Royal }| | | | |
| Nth. British }|Campbell | 1742 | 1745 | 1747 |
| Fusiliers }| | | | |
|23rd ditto, Royal } |Peers | 1742 | 1745 | 1747 |
| Welsh Fusiliers } | | | | |
|25th ditto |Earl of Rothes | 1744 | 1745 | 1747 |
|28th ditto |Bragg | 1744 | 1745 | .. |
|31st ditto |Handasyd | 1742 | 1745 | .. |
|32nd ditto |Skelton | 1742 |} RF }| .. |
|33rd ditto |Johnson | 1742 |} }| |
|34th ditto |Cholmondeley | 1744 | 1745 | .. |
|36th ditto |Fleming | 1744 | 1745 | 1747 |
|37th ditto |Ponsonby | 1742 | 1745 | 1747 |
|42nd ditto |Lord Semphill | 1744 | 1745 | .. |
|48th ditto (orig. |Lord Harry Beauclerk| 1744 | 1745 | 1747 |
| 59th) | | | | |
+--------------------+--------------------+--------+--------+--------+
RF = Remained in Flanders
_Memoir of the Services of_ COLONEL SAMUEL BOLTON, C.B. _of the_
THIRTY-FIRST _Regiment_.
This officer was appointed an ensign in the THIRTY-FIRST regiment
on the 5th of February 1807, in which regiment he was promoted to
be lieutenant on the 6th of April 1809. Lieutenant Bolton served
with the second battalion during the Peninsular war from 1808 to
1814, and was present at the battles of Talavera, Busaco, and
Albuhera, in the last of which he was wounded: took part in the
capture of Marshal Girard’s division at Arroyo dos Molinos on the
28th of October 1811, and shared in the battle of Vittoria; also in
the actions in the Pyrenees, at the Nive, Garris, Orthes, Aire, and
Toulouse.
Lieutenant Bolton was appointed adjutant to the second battalion
on the 31st of March 1813, but returned to his duty as lieutenant
upon the reduction of the second battalion on the 24th of October
1814. He was promoted to the rank of captain on the 24th of October
1822; and on the 7th of February 1825, embarked with the left wing
of the regiment for the East Indies. Captain Bolton was promoted to
the rank of major in the THIRTY-FIRST regiment on the 14th of June
1833, and to that of lieutenant-colonel on the 24th of November
1835.
Lieut.-Colonel Bolton served in the Affghanistan campaign of 1842,
and commanded the THIRTY-FIRST regiment in the action at Mazeena,
in the Shinwaree valley, on the 26th of July 1842; at Tezeen on
the 13th of September 1842, and at the occupation of Cabool by
Major-General Pollock.
For his services in Affghanistan, Lieut.-Colonel Bolton received
a medal, and was promoted to the rank of colonel on the 23rd of
December 1842; he was also appointed aide-de-camp to Her Majesty,
and was nominated a Companion of the Most Honorable Order of the
Bath.
Colonel Bolton served with the army of the Sutlej in 1845, as
Brigadier to the first brigade under the command of General Sir
Hugh (now Viscount) Gough, Commander-in-Chief in India at that
period. Colonel Bolton received a severe wound at the battle of
_Moodkee_ on the 18th of December 1845, from the effects of which
he died on the 4th of January 1846.
LIEUT.-COLONEL THOMAS SKINNER, C.B.[43]
Lieut.-Colonel Thomas Skinner, the eldest son of Lieut.-General
John Skinner, while at Eton College, was on the 25th of January
1816, appointed to an ensigncy in the sixteenth regiment of foot,
to which regiment his father had been attached for thirty-nine
years, before he attained the rank of Major-General; Ensign
Skinner joined the sixteenth regiment in Ireland in the year
1817, then commanded by the late Major-General (then Colonel)
Tolley. Major-General Tolley, the best Greek scholar of his day
at Westminster, amused his leisure with classical literature, and
invited the young Etonian to share his studies; and thus making
complete his education, fortunately imbued him with that taste
for letters which secured to him through life a most agreeable
resource. In 1819, the regiment being ordered to Ceylon, he
obtained, by purchase, a lieutenancy on the 6th of August, and
proceeded to that colony. While there he was employed to make the
roads constructed by the late Lieut.-General Sir Edward Barnes,
afterwards Colonel of the THIRTY-FIRST regiment. Lieutenant Skinner
was appointed adjutant to the sixteenth regiment on the 20th of
April 1820, and did duty in that capacity until 1822, when his
Commanding Officer returned to England, and obtaining leave of
absence for his young friend, they travelled home together through
India and Egypt, visiting Malta and Sicily, and thence through
Italy and France to England. Lieutenant Skinner was promoted to an
unattached company on the 9th of October 1823, and on the 20th of
March, 1824, was appointed Captain in the THIRTY-FIRST regiment.
In February 1825, he sailed with the left wing of the THIRTY-FIRST
in the _Scaleby Castle_ for Calcutta, the regiment being ordered
to reinforce the army at that time acting in Burmah; but owing to
the burning of her consort, the _Kent_ East Indiaman, in the Bay
of Biscay, with the right wing, the regiment was inefficient, and
remained in garrison at Calcutta. In 1829, Captain Skinner returned
home on leave of absence in the _Cartha_, and nearly suffered
shipwreck on the coast of Wales. The vessel being driven by storm
when off Liverpool, was unable to weather Bardsea Island, and
fortunately passed safely through the narrow channel between that
rock, and the coast of Carnarvon into Pwelli Bay. He did not lose
his time in India; for with his brother, Captain James Skinner, of
the sixty-first regiment of Bengal Native Infantry, he travelled
to the sources of the Ganges and the Jumna, an account of which
was published in 1833, from letters written at the time, in two
volumes, entitled “_Excursions in India_,” and the work passed
through two editions. During his leave of absence he travelled
over England and Scotland, and made himself as well acquainted
with those parts of his native land, as, in the course of his
professional duties, he had previously become with Ireland. In
December 1833, by permission of General Lord Hill, Commanding in
Chief, he travelled by the Holy Land and Bagdad to India to rejoin
the THIRTY-FIRST regiment. An account of these travels, in two
volumes, was published in 1836, under the title of “_Adventures
during a Journey overland to India_” which also passed through two
editions. On the 24th of November, 1835, he was promoted Major in
the THIRTY-FIRST regiment. Emulous of his father’s skill as an
officer of Light Infantry, he diligently cultivated that branch
of the service, availing himself of the opportunity of practising
manœuvres in the field afforded to those serving in India, by
the collection of large bodies of men at the principal stations.
In 1840, his health being affected by the climate, Lord Hill
considerately forwarded to him, through the General commanding in
India, leave of absence, of which he declined to avail himself,
as he thought his services might be useful in the then state of
India. On the 23rd of November 1840, he was entrusted to take from
Chinsurah a large body of recruits, about twenty young officers,
and about twenty-two young women and as many children, to their
destinations where they arrived in health, and without complaint of
any sort against them in the districts through which they passed.
The Commander-in-Chief in India thus expressed his thanks for this
unprecedented success in such duty.
“The Commander-in-Chief takes an early opportunity of conveying
his best thanks to Major Skinner, of Her Majesty’s THIRTY-FIRST
regiment, for the forethought, caution, and exertion shown by him
in marching a body of 489 recruits from Chinsurah to Cawnpore and
Agra, without the loss of a man, except one accidentally drowned
while bathing in the Soane. His Excellency requests that Major
Skinner will report to him in what degree the medical officers
contributed to this very desirable result, in order that their
skill and attention may be duly appreciated and remembered.”
Major Skinner, for this service, was rewarded with the appointment
of Commandant of the Convalescent Depôt at Landour.
Upon the march of the army under Major-General Pollock to
Affghanistan, where Captain James Skinner, of the sixty-first
Bengal Native Infantry, was reported to be a prisoner, having been
wounded on the retreat from Cabool, Major Skinner resigned at once
his lucrative and pleasant post, and by forced journeys, joined
the THIRTY-FIRST regiment, in February 1842; his anxiety for his
brother, whom he had hoped to be in part the means of rescuing,
only appeased by the distressing certainty of his violent and
untimely death. Major Skinner rendered very important services at
the battle of _Mazeena_, for which he was particularly thanked by
Brigadier Monteath; Major Skinner’s account of the transaction was
also included in the despatches published in the “London Gazette.”
From the fatigue and exposure in the action at _Mazeena_ on the
26th of July 1842, Major Skinner was seized with the fever of that
country, living, to avoid the heat and dust, in a hole dug in the
ground, the air being pestilent and the water corrupt, from the
mortality of animals. His life was, however, spared for the service
of his country. Though still suffering from the malignant disease,
which rest might then have cured, he commenced his labours, being
removed from the sick list on the very day he marched with the
second division, under Major-General McCaskill, commanding, on the
8th of September 1842, the advance guard to Soorkhab, on the 9th
to Jugdulluck; a running fight being kept up the whole way; on the
10th to Kutta Sung; and on the 11th the rear-guard to Tezeen. He
was specially thanked in Major-General McCaskill’s despatches for
the manner in which he performed these duties. In the afternoon
of the 12th of September he was despatched to the heights of the
Huft-Kotul, and commenced at daylight of the 13th, by attacking
the enemy on the heights, those operations which ended in the
victory of Tezeen. Major-general Pollock stated, “that the Major’s
duty was performed with great gallantry, and his operations
contributed much to frustrate the attempts of the enemy on the
right flank.” The Major-General enclosed in the despatches the
detailed account of Major Skinner’s movements, which were published
in the “London Gazette.”
Proceeding from Tezeen to Cabool on the 10th of October, he
commanded five companies of the THIRTY-FIRST regiment at the
destruction of the Great Bazaar, which, from the skilful
arrangement of the force, was effected almost without loss of life.
On the march from Cabool to India his conduct was thought from
time to time deserving of praise by those under whom he acted. On
his arrival at Ferozepore, he was chosen for the imposing duty of
commanding the Guard of Honor, consisting of artillery, cavalry,
and infantry, escorting the embassy to Lahore.
On the 23rd of December 1842, he was promoted to the rank of
lieut.-colonel in the army, was three days afterwards made a
Companion of the Most Honorable Military Order of the Bath, and
was presented by the government of India with the silver medal
of Cabool, bearing on one side “_Cabool_ 1842,” and on the other
“_Victoria Vindex_.”
Unfortunately Lieut.-Colonel Skinner did not live long to enjoy the
rewards of his useful services, for his decease occurred on the 5th
of May 1843, at Mussoorie, in the Himalaya Mountains, from disease
brought on by privation and fatigue during the Affghan campaign.
Lieut.-Colonel Skinner was buried the next morning at Landour with
military honors, the arms of a native corps being borrowed for the
European invalids stationed there at their own request. They formed
the funeral procession and firing party, an honorable mark of
respect never before paid by them on any similar occasion. The body
was attended to the grave by every European, civil or military, in
the place, and by a very large proportion of the native population,
to whom he had been previously known as commandant, and by whom he
was greatly loved and deeply lamented. His brother officers erected
over his remains a tomb of Delhi stone, and his death was announced
to the regiment by Colonel Bolton in a regimental order, which did
full justice to his merits “_as a good and gallant officer_,”
expressing at the same time, that “_he was devotedly attached to
his profession, and that he was the warm advocate and steady friend
of the well-deserving soldier_.”
MAJOR GEORGE BALDWIN.