CHAPTER XIII.

ON SHOT, CAPS, AND WADDING.

Patent shot being still produced as at the time of publishing previous

editions of my works, I have no important improvement to record.

[Illustration]

The manufacture is very simple: the lead is first tempered by the aid of

arsenic, in the proportions required by the slag (a technical term) for

the kind used; some lead taking more and some less. The melted metal is

then poured into a perforated pan placed over the mouth of the pit, or

tower (whichever may be in use.) Messrs. Walkers, Parkers, and Co. have

towers in their various factories where they make shot; the cut

represents the one in Newcastle. Messrs. Locke, Blackett, and Co. cast

down the shaft of a pit, and by this means obtain a greater fall. The

fluid metal takes a globular shape in falling, and the concentric motion

of each particle round its axis keeps it in this form until its passage

through the air has extracted the heat, and before it reaches the body

of water placed to receive it. The only difficulty is in casting very

large sizes; for if the distance the drops fall be not sufficiently

great, and they reach the water in a semi-fluid state, the resistance of

the water misshapes them. About three different sizes come out through

one pan. These are separated by the aid of riddles, or tabled, as the

process is termed. A quantity of the shot is placed on a slight incline,

when those that do not run off are rejected. The whole are then polished

in a machine termed a drum, with a mixture of black lead. This gives to

the shot that beautiful polish which captivates the eye, but which

injures the shooting of the gun, as the black lead adheres to the

interior of the tube. All shot should be used unpolished; and the

addition of hardness is unquestionably another advantage. Slag-lead is

lighter than other lead, but it is much harder, and thus more suitable

for shot. I regret the disuse of shot made with quicksilver, as it is

unquestionably much superior, though more costly. A considerable

improvement is yet to be introduced in the manipulation of shot-making;

and I shall commence a round of experiments with that object at the

earliest opportunity.

Copper caps are now a misnomer: very few are to be met with. Brass caps

boiled to the colour of copper are the rule, the former the exception.

Good caps are made in Birmingham, if a remunerative price is paid for

them; and I have the pleasure to name several makers: Messrs. E. and A.

Ludlow, Messrs. Pursall and Philips, and Mr. Cox. It must be borne in

mind that cheapness means inferiority: every article is made according

to price.

The mixture of fulminating mercury composition is:

Fulminating mercury 3 grains or ounces.

Chlorate of potash 5 do.

Sulphur 1 do.

Powdered glass 1 do.

The above is one of the best compounds in use.

Chlorate of Potash 6 grains or ounces.

Sulphur 3 do.

Glass, powdered 1 do.

Charcoal, ditto 1/2 do.

Is the best mixture where the corrosive principle is not heeded.

Messrs. Eley, Brothers, were the first manufacturers who turned their

attention to making waterproof copper caps for sporting purposes,

commencing it in 1837. The principle is simple, the excellence mainly

consisting in the quality of the ingredients used, and their being

thoroughly secured from the effects of moisture. They are so constituted

that the largest portion of the percussion powder and the weakest part

of the waterproof covering which lines the inner surface of the cap, are

immediately over the surface of the nipple; consequently, when the blow

ignites the percussion powder, the larger portion of the explosion is

forced down the nipple, and is of such intensity of heat (especially in

platina-lined nipples) that it will ignite the gunpowder some distance

up the barrel: in an _eprouvette_ it will do so at four or five inches

from the nipple. A miss-fire thus very seldom occurs, as the heat is

sure to penetrate to the charge, even when a gun has become foul after a

long day’s shooting and the powder cannot pass freely through the

chambers to the nipples. It is well known that caps which do not possess

these igniting qualities may be fired through gunpowder, and frequently

fail to ignite it, from the want of proper attention to the constitution

of the fulminate and its mixture. In all cheaply manufactured caps this

inferiority is sure to prevail, and the manifold advantages to be

derived from the sterling quality of all sporting adjuncts is now fully

appreciated by sportsmen generally. “Penny wise and pound foolish” is a

proverb more borne in mind than formerly, and the conviction is now

general that a good gun only proves to be so when proper attention is

paid to the loading in every particular.

Good wadding is as essential as good gunpowder: a perfect separation

must be maintained between the exploded powder and the shot, or no

result can be depended upon; cheap wadding, therefore, according to the

above adage, is out of favour.

Cartridges of wire, or “universal,” are now so well known as to need no

treatise to point out their advantages. A more striking example of the

progress of knowledge in properly estimating the value of high-class

manufactures cannot be adduced than in the case of Eley, Brothers, who

have by unwearied industry in the production of sporting ammunition of

the first quality, nearly obtained a monopoly in that department of

gunnery.

I can safely refer to the Manufacturers to be found in the advertising

list as able to supply the sportsman with all requisites, from a gun “to

a turnscrew,” and on such terms as will be found to be advantageous to

the purchaser.

FINIS.

LONDON:

PRINTED BY SMITH, ELDER AND CO.

LITTLE GREEN ARBOUR COURT.

Advertisements.

WILLIAM GREENER,

_GUN MANUFACTURER_,

ASTON NEW TOWN, BIRMINGHAM,

HIGHEST PRIZE MEDALLIST IN 1851, 1853, AND 1855,

In returning thanks to the Sporting World for their distinguished

support during many years, begs to intimate to them that he has now

accomplished the long cherished wish of establishing his manufactory in

Birmingham, the seat of the gun manufacture, where the facilities of

producing a first-rate gun are superior to any other locality in the

world; for here he can reject imperfect materials and replace them,

while makers in other parts of the kingdom would be writing about the

deficiency. Here he can exercise his own judgment on the goodness of

material during the progress of production; here he can carry out any

alteration or improvement in barrels or locks that may suggest itself;

and here eventually will settle the whole manufacture for the kingdom.

This is nearly accomplished now, for it would be idle to conceal the

fact that a vast majority of what is sold in London, as London make, is

made here. Here the best workmen are congregating and meet with the

greatest encouragement. Under these circumstances he has judged it best

to avail himself of the means offered of producing, without “egotism,”

guns equal, if not superior, to anything yet produced by any maker

whatever. This may be considered a wide assertion, but to prove he does

not make it rashly he is prepared to test the fact by a competition with

any maker whatever, barring none; to be decided by the following five

points: 1st, safety--the greatest difficulty in bursting; 2ndly,

lightness; 3rdly, goodness of shooting--strength and closeness combined

with the least charges; 4thly, durability; 5thly, beauty and taste

combined.

He considers it a crime of great magnitude that guns should burst; they

never do so where proper metal is used. He will produce an ordinary

weight of barrel which he will allow any one to burst if they can; in

fact, he believes it to be the greatest difficulty to do so.

W. G. will undertake contracts for quantities of arms subject to private

arrangement, such as military arms, shipping ditto, rifles or sealing

guns, for foreign powers or private companies, provided in all cases the

quality be sufficiently good to enable him to brand them with his name;

anything inferior he declines to make.

* * * * *

The prices of his guns are as under:--

Double rifles of every superior quality of taste and £ _s._ _d._

finish, case complete with every requisite 40 0 0

Double guns of very superior quality, with laminated

steel barrels, &c., case and every requisite complete 35 0 0

Double rifle, second quality, same material, but not so

highly finished, case complete 30 0 0

Double gun, second quality, same material, but not so

highly finished, case complete 25 0 0

Double rifle, excellent quality, stubs Damascus, no case 18 0 0

Double gun, excellent quality, laminated steel, no case 15 0 0

Double rifle, good 10 10 0

Double gun, good 8 10 0

Double rifle, no engraving, &c. 8 0 0

Double gun, ditto 6 0 0

Very best single rifles, superior style and finish, case

complete 21 0 0

Second quality, case 16 16 0

Good quality, no case 10 10 0

Plain, ditto 5 0 0

Sealing rifles 3 10 0

Very best single gun, case complete 16 16 0

Second quality, with case 12 12 0

Good quality 7 0 0

Plain, ditto 4 0 0

Sealing or other guns in quantity 3 0 0

Enfield musket percussion, swivel locks 2 0 0

Enfield rifle, plain ditto 1 5 0

The above includes every size which can be fired from the shoulder.

Pistols, Cutlasses, Pikes, &c., supplied on the most moderate Terms.

Business done for cash on delivery only.

Foreign Bills for orders payable in London, or reference for payment in

any part of England.

N.B.--W. G. now manufactures a very superior double waterproof copper

and iron cap.

SCHUYLER, HARTLY, & GRAHAM.

MAIDEN LANE, NEW YORK,

SOLE AGENTS IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

TO

WILLIAM GREENER,

_GUN MANUFACTURER_,

ASTON NEW TOWN, BIRMINGHAM.

=Every description of Sporting Guns imported on reasonable Terms.=

POWDER FLASKS, SHOT POUCHES, WASHING RODS, AND IMPLEMENTS OF EVERY

DESCRIPTION REQUISITE FOR THE SPORTING FIELD.

ELEY’S CAPS AND WADDINGS, & PATENT CARTRIDGES.

STARKEY’S, PURSALL AND PHILLIPS’S, E. AND E. LUDLOW’S, AND OTHER

MANUFACTURERS’ COPPER CAPS.

E. BAYLIS AND SON,

Manufacturers of

EVERY DESCRIPTION OF MILITARY

AND

SPORTING IMPLEMENTS,

DOG-COLLARS, HANDCUFFS AND LEG-IRONS.

_Contractors to the Honourable Board of Ordnance._

ST. MARY’S SQUARE, BIRMINGHAM.

THOMAS DERRINGTON AND SON,

Dealers in

GUN AND PISTOL STOCKS,

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL.

=A large quantity of fine well-seasoned Gun-stocks always on hand.=

WALNUT TREES, WALNUT PLANKS, OR STOCKS, BOUGHT.

REED’S BUILDINGS, SHADWELL-STREET, BIRMINGHAM.

PHILIP WEBLEY,

84, WEAMAN STREET, BIRMINGHAM,

_PRESENT CONTRACTOR TO THE HON. BOARD OF ORDNANCE_,

PATENTEE OF SAFETY REVOLVING PISTOLS.

[Illustration]

P. WEBLEY respectfully informs the public, that he is prepared to supply

in any quantity his

PATENT REVOLVING PISTOLS,

which he can confidently recommend, as they embrace all latest

improvements with the greatest possible simplicity of construction, and

are pronounced by men of experience, both civil and military, to be most

efficient weapons.

The action is very similar to the ordinary gun lock; the thumb being

used to bring the hammer to cock, while the arm is extended; the chamber

at the same time revolving and firmly locked at the moment of discharge,

by a spring underneath, thus obviating the objection to other Patent

Pistols, which are self-acting.

(Large size 48, middle 60, small 120 bores).

P. W. also manufactures Officers’ Double, Under and Over, Breast and

Single Pistols.

P. W. particularly invites attention to his Under and Over Pistols,

which are rifled and made to suit the present Government size cartridge.

P. W. also manufactures every description of Revolving, Saloon, Holster,

Pocket, Inlaid and Fancy Pistols.

BULLET MOULDS

of every description, Greenerian, Minie, Pritchett, Whitworth, Jacob,

Cone, Spherical, &c. Rifle sights, both military and burden. Rifle

strap, Furniture, Gunlocks, and all other Implements.

PRESENT CONTRACTOR TO THE HONOURABLE BOARD OF ORDNANCE.

_PERCUSSION CAPS._

E. AND A. LUDLOW,

MILITARY PERCUSSION CAP MAKERS,

_AND PRESENT GOVERNMENT CONTRACTORS_,

Manufacturers of the Patent Double Waterproof Central Fire and

Anticorrosive Caps; Chemically prepared edged Gun Wadding; Cartridges of

every description. Inventor and sole Manufacturer of the Improved

Flanged (or Hat) Caps, as adopted by all the leading sportsmen of the

day, and acknowledged by all to be the best and most ready primer ever

introduced.

Samples with Price List may be obtained at the Works.

72 AND 73 LEGGE STREET, BIRMINGHAM.

JOSEPH BOURNE,

(_CONTRACTOR TO H. M.’S WAR DEPARTMENT_,)

Manufacturer of Guns, Muskets, Revolvers, Pistols, Rifles, and Small

Arms suitable for the various markets and Governments of the world.

No. 5, WHITTALL STREET, BIRMINGHAM.

BY HER MAJESTY’S ROYAL LETTERS PATENT.

MOORE AND HARRIS,

IMPROVED FOWLING AND RIFLE GUN, AND

PISTOL MAKERS,

ST. MARY’S SQUARE, BIRMINGHAM.

Improved Breech-Loading Guns, Repeating Arms, and every approved article

in the above line.

BY HER MAJESTY’S ROYAL LETTERS PATENT.

PURSALL, PHILLIPS AND SON,

MANUFACTURERS OF T. STARKEY AND CO.’S

CENTRAL FIRE WATER-PROOF SAFETY CAP,

_CONTRACTORS TO H. M.’S HON. BOARD OF ORDNANCE,

AND TO THE HON. EAST INDIA COMPANY._

MANUFACTURERS OF

PERCUSSION, IMPERIAL, AND ANTICORROSIVE COPPER CAPS TUBES.

_Primers, Cartridges, &c., of every description, Chemically Prepared,

and other Gun Waddings._

22, WHITTALL STREET, ST. MARY’S SQUARE, BIRMINGHAM.

PIGOU AND WILKS,

_GUNPOWDER MANUFACTURERS_,

DARTFORD AND LONDON.

CHARLES LAWRENCE AND SON,

_GUNPOWDER MANUFACTURERS_,

BATTLE AND LONDON.

JOHN HALL AND SON,

_GUNPOWDER MANUFACTURERS_,

FAVERSHAM MILLS AND LONDON.

CURTIS AND HERVEY,

_GUNPOWDER MANUFACTURERS_,

HOUNSLOW MILLS AND LONDON.

THE PRIZE MEDAL

AWARDED TO

JOSEPH BRAZIER AND SON,

THE ASHES WORKS,

WOLVERHAMPTON,

Manufacturers of Gun Locks of the very best description for the London

and Scotch trades; Shot Pouches, Gun Implements, &c. &c.

Patentees of Improved Revolving Pistols, &c.

RIFLE MAKER TO THE WAR DEPARTMENT.

WILLIAM TRANTER,

INVENTOR, PATENTEE, AND

MANUFACTURER

OF THE

DOUBLE-TRIGGER SAFETY

REVOLVERS,

DOUBLE ACTION COCKING

REVOLVERS,

_REVOLVING

CHAMBER RIFLES

AND CARBINES_,

OSCILLATING

BREECH-LOADING

RIFLES,

LUBRICATING

BULLETS, &c.

[Illustration: DOUBLE TRIGGER REVOLVER.]

13, ST. MARY’S SQUARE, BIRMINGHAM.

JAMES TOWNSEND,

11 & 12, SAND STREET, ST. MARY’S SQUARE,

BIRMINGHAM.

MANUFACTURER OF

AIR CANES, AIR GUNS, AND AIR WEAPONS

Of every description, upon an improved construction, adapted for

numerous Sports and Amusements, viz.--Killing Rabbits, Rooks, Sea Fowl,

&c., with ball, destroying vermin, small birds, and collecting rare

specimens with shot, and fish near the surface of the water with

harpoons and lines.

ALSO,

Manufacturer of Powder, Walking-Stick Guns, Rifles of every variety,

Saloon Pistols, Bulleted Caps, Needle Rifles, &c., &c.

_N.B._--Agents for the London Armoury Company for the sale of

ADAMS’ PATENT REVOLVER PISTOLS.

And likewise Agent for

COLONEL COLT’S PATENT REVOLVER PISTOL.

AN ASSORTMENT OF EACH ALWAYS KEPT IN STOCK.

W. R. PAPE.

GUN AND RIFLE MAKER,

44, WESTGATE STREET, NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE.

Possesses the highest practical knowledge of what a Gun ought to be for

general sporting purposes, and the fact of submitting every Gun to the

severest tests, before being finally finished, gives him every

confidence in stating, that for shooting powers and other good

qualities, his guns cannot be excelled by any maker whatever; for proof

of which, _see_ the amount of shooting at Ashburnham Park, London, on

the 9th April 1858, in the _Field_ Newspaper of 17th April, 1858.

THOMAS KILBY AND SON,

GUN BARREL MANUFACTURERS,

11, COURT, STEELHOUSE LANE, BIRMINGHAM.

Every description of Double and Single Barrels, Rifle and Revolving

Pistol Barrels, warranted equal to those of any other Manufacturer of

the day.

_COUNTRY ORDERS PUNCTUALLY ATTENDED TO._

ELEY’S AMMUNITION.

ELEY BROTHERS, LONDON, beg to call the attention of Sportsmen to the

advantages to be derived from the use of the Wire Cartridge, in the

pursuit of all kinds of large or small game.

As there are few Sportsmen who are not in the habit of using these

Cartridges, they are so well known as to make a description of them

scarcely requisite. The shot is packed within a wire cage, which is

constructed so as to allow them to escape from it gradually while the

charge is in motion. They cause all guns to shoot with double the

strength which can be obtained by the ordinary mode of loading, and with

much greater regularity, as each shot retains its spherical form.

The Royal Cartridge is mostly used in this country for killing wild

game.

The Green Cartridge is the sort generally in demand for India and

America, being made for foreign field sports with the largest drop shot,

and also with mould shot, and will be found very effective at large game

where the Sportsman has not a rifle in the field.

ELEY’S

DOUBLE WATERPROOF CENTRAL FIRE CAPS.

These Caps are now well known and approved, being found superior to all

others for their certainty and rapidity of fire, either in dry or wet

weather.

For India and the Colonies, or any climate where Caps may be exposed to

great vicissitudes of heat, cold, or moisture, they are particularly

recommended, as they cannot be injured by any amount of exposure to wet

or heat, nor their qualities impaired, if kept for years in a tropical

climate. The ignition at all times is safe and certain, whilst in humid

weather, the discharge is as instantaneous as with the ordinary Cap on

the dryest day.

For testimonials as to their value for shooting in India _see_ Colonel

Jacob’s work on “Rifles and Projectiles.”

They have been much approved for the rifle in foreign field sports,

where the Cap is often allowed to remain a long time upon the nipple.

Being perfectly waterproof, they will bear immersion in sea-water for

days without injury; but when testing them in this manner, it is

necessary to blow the water out of them before placing them upon the

nipple.

Concaved Felt, and chemically prepared Cloth Gun Waddings, to prevent

the leading of guns, warranted not to blow to pieces in the barrel.

Cartridges for Breech-loading Shot Guns, Rifles, &c.; also for Sharp’s

Breech-loading Rifles, and Prince’s Breech-loading Carbines.

Cartridges made for Needle Rifles, very simple and effective in their

construction.

Skin Cartridges, suitable for Adams’, Deane’s, and Colt’s

Revolvers--warranted to leave no deposit when fired.

Also Rifle Shell Tubes, as manufactured by direction of Colonel John

Jacob, of the Bombay Artillery, and every description of ammunition for

sporting or military purposes.

Sole Contractors to the War Department for Waterproof Military Caps,

Revolver Cartridges, Jacob’s Rifle Shell Tubes, &c.

Eley’s ammunition may be had of all Gunmakers and Dealers at home or

abroad.

ELEY BROTHERS, LONDON.

(WHOLESALE ONLY.)

WILLIAM EVANS,

THIRTEEN YEARS WITH JOSEPH BROSIER AND SON,

GUN LOCK MANUFACTURER,

15 BATH STREET, BIRMINGHAM.

CHARLES MAYBURY,

MANUFACTURER OF

EVERY DESCRIPTION OF SPORTSMAN’S GUNS,

RIFLES, PISTOLS, ETC.,

REVOLVERS ON “TRANTER’S” AND ALL OTHER

PATENT IMPROVED PRINCIPLES,

FOR HOME AND EXPORTATION,

15 ST. MARY’S SQUARE, BIRMINGHAM.

W. AND C. SCOTT AND SON,

GUN AND PISTOL MAKERS,

95, BATH STREET, BIRMINGHAM.

GUNS FOR HOME USE AND EXPORTATION.

_65, Cornhill, London, September, 1858._

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1858_ By JOHN RUSKIN.

_Fifth Thousand. 8vo, price One Shilling._

_The Political Economy of Art._ _Price 2s. 6d. cloth._

“A most able, eloquent, and well-timed work. We hail it with

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cordially recommend it to our readers.”--_Witness._

Mr. Ruskin’s chief purpose is to treat the artist’s power, and the art

itself, as items of the world’s wealth, and to show how these may be

best evolved, produced, accumulated, and distributed.”--_Athenæum._

“We never quit Mr. Ruskin without being the better for what he has

told us, and we therefore recommend this little volume, like all his

other works, to the perusal of our readers.”--_Economist._

“This book, daring, as it is, glances keenly at principles, of which

some are among the articles of ancient codes, while others are

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_The Elements of Drawing._

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master, yet that no student of art should launch forth without this

work as a compass.”--_Athenæum._

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but agreeable and instructive reading for any one who wishes to refine

his perceptions of natural scenery, and of its worthiest artistic

representations.”--_Economist._

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“The most useful and practical book on the subject which has ever come

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_Modern Painters, Vol. IV. On Mountain Beauty._

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116 Woodcuts, drawn by the Author. Price 2l. 10s. cloth._

“Considered as an illustrated volume, this is the most remarkable

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and include numerous drawings of mountain form by the author, which

prove Mr. Ruskin to be essentially an artist. He is an unique man,

both among artists and writers.”--_Spectator._

“The present volume of Mr. Ruskin’s elaborate work treats chiefly of

mountain scenery, and discusses at length the principles involved in

the pleasure we derive from mountains and their pictorial

representation. The singular beauty of his style, the hearty sympathy

with all forms of natural loveliness, the profusion of his

illustrations form irresistible attractions.”--_Daily News._

_Modern Painters, Vol. III. Of Many Things._

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Steel._

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“Every one who cares about nature, or poetry, or the story of human

development--every one who has a tinge of literature or philosophy,

will find something that is for him in this volume.”--_Westminster

Review._

“Mr. Ruskin is in possession of a clear and penetrating mind; he is

undeniably practical in his fundamental ideas; full of the deepest

reverence for all that appears to him beautiful and holy. His style

is, as usual, clear, bold, racy. Mr. Ruskin is one of the first

writers of the day.”--_Economist._

“The present volume, viewed as a literary achievement, is the highest

and most striking evidence of the author’s abilities that has yet been

published.”--_Leader._

“All, it is to be hoped, will read the book for themselves. They will

find it well worth a careful perusal.”--_Saturday Review._

WORKS OF MR. RUSKIN--_continued_.

_Modern Painters. Vols. I. and II._

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nature, to be also attentive observers. Our critics will learn to

admire, and mere admirers will learn how to criticise: thus a public

will be educated.”--_Blackwood’s Magazine._

“A generous and impassioned review of the works of living painters. A

hearty and earnest work, full of deep thought, and developing great

and striking truths in art.”--_British Quarterly Review._

“A very extraordinary and delightful book, full of truth and goodness,

of power and beauty.”--_North British Review._

_The Stones of Venice._

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EACH VOLUME MAY BE HAD SEPARATELY.

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highest degree eloquent, acute, stimulating to thought, and fertile in

suggestion. It will, we are convinced, elevate taste and intellect,

raise the tone of moral feeling, kindle benevolence towards men, and

increase the love and fear of God.”--_Times._

“The ‘Stones of Venice’ is the production of an earnest, religious,

progressive, and informed mind. The author of this essay on

architecture has condensed into it a poetic apprehension, the fruit of

awe of God, and delight in nature; a knowledge, love, and just

estimate of art; a holding fast to fact and repudiation of hearsay; an

historic breadth, and a fearless challenge of existing social

problems, whose union we know not where to find

paralleled.”--_Spectator._

_The Seven Lamps of Architecture._

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“By the ‘Seven Lamps of Architecture,’ we understand Mr. Ruskin to

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obedience to which are indispensable to the architect, who would

deserve the name. The politician, the moralist, the divine, will find

in it ample store of instructive matter, as well as the artist. The

author of this work belongs to a class of thinkers of whom we have too

few amongst us.”--_Examiner._

“Mr. Ruskin’s book bears so unmistakeably the marks of keen and

accurate observation, of a true and subtle judgment and refined sense

of beauty, joined with so much earnestness, so noble a sense of the

purposes and business of art, and such a command of rich and glowing

language, that it cannot but tell powerfully in producing a more

religious view of the uses of architecture, and a deeper insight into

its artistic principles.”--_Guardian._

_Lectures on Architecture and Painting._

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asserted, and from the general propositions laid down, without an

elevating influence and an aroused enthusiasm.”--_Spectator._

* * * * *

_A Portrait of John Ruskin, Esq., Engraved by_ F. HOLL, _from a Drawing

by_ GEORGE RICHMOND.

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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

This e-book uses the text of the original work. Inconsistent

capitalisation, hyphenation and spelling have been retained

(spungy/spongy and spunging/sponging; scear/sear; immoveable/immovable;

Minié/Minie, bareled/barelled, brasing/brazing; Froissart/Froisart;

fuse/fuze; Greenerean/Greenerian; Monk/Monck; etc.), except as mentioned

below under Changes.

The two typographical forms of fractions (for example, 1/2 and 1-8th)

have been retained.

The List of Plates shows (slightly) different texts from the captions in

the plates themselves.

The List of Illustrations is incomplete, and not all illustrations have

the captions listed in the List of Illustrations.

The sometimes slight difference in wording between the Table of Contents

and the actual chapter headings has been retained.

Textual remarks

Page 12, snaphaunce is not a Dutch word; it is derived from the Dutch

snaphaan.

Page 64, footnote: the original does not show the footnote anchor; the

footnote has been included without its anchor. Possibly the footnote

refers to the Point Blank Range data for the 10-inch and 8-inch

howitzers.

Page 239, price calculations: the total for single guns should be 19_s._

9_d._ The other amounts given in the text do not correspond with the

table; this has not been changed.

Page 240, price calculations: the totals for double and single guns

should be 16_s._ 3_d._ and 9_s._ 9_d._, respectively.

Page 13 (first set of advertisements), amount of shooting is possibly an

error for account of shooting.

French accents have not been corrected or added (Andrê, Minie,

èpanouissement, etc.), Latin accents have been retained, unless

mentioned below.

Changes made to the text

Footnotes and illustrations have been moved; some illustrations have

been rotated 90°

Some missing/incorrect punctuation has been added or corrected silently

Page vii: Polygroove changed to Poly-groove as elsewhere

Page ix: Firelock changed to Fire-lock as in the text

Page xi: Badajoz changed to Badajos; Mallett changed to Mallet (2x) as

in the text

Page xvi: manufactury changed to manufactory as in the text

Page 5: a cubic distance changed to a cubit distance

Page 8: likwise changed to likewise

Page 23: suphuretted changed to sulphuretted

Page 27 (table): 9.90 changed to 9·90

Page 42: horizonal changed to horizontal

Page 63: almost from a class changed to almost form a class

Page 91: enginering changed to engineering

Page 131: impres changed to impress

Page 139: fusees changed to fuses

Page 140: wthin changed to within

Page 154: furnance changed to furnace

Page 159: is is changed to is

Page 160: exhibibits changed to exhibits

Page 166: Ther changed to There

Page 169: 1·40265 changed to 1·40625

Page 211: fustrum changed to frustum

Page 219: Weimer changed to Weimar

Page 229: artizan changed to artisan

Page 239: Wedgebury changed to Wednesbury as elsewhere

Page 249: twent changed to twenty

Page 271: answert hat changed to answer that

Page 301: expansive powder changed to expansive power

Page 303: impossibity changed to impossibility

Page 317: filed changed to filled

Page 356: frustrum changed to frustum

Page 358: frustrum changed to frustum

Page 436: to to changed to to

Page 5 (first set of advertisements): STEEET changed to STREET

Page 8 (first set of advertisements): BRMINGHAM changed to BIRMINGHAM

Page 3 (second set of advertisements): Gobe changed to Globe

Page 5 (second set of advertisements): Bouchier changed to Bourchier

Gunnery in 1858: Being a Treatise on Rifles, Cannon, and Sporting Arms Explaining the Principles of the Science of Gunnery, and Describing the Newest Improvements in Fire-Arms · 第 14 / 14 章