The problems undertaken are among the most challenging, if not _the_
most challenging, man faces on the space frontier. These include the
quest for the origin of life, the explanation of life and life
processes, the elucidation of the environment’s role in establishing and
maintaining normal organization in living organisms, the possibility of
extraterrestrial life on other planets—the concern of exobiology. The
greatest promise for their solution lies in advances in biological
theory rather than other avenues of research; therefore, it is fortunate
that the need to solve them has come at a time when developments in
experimental biology are at a high level. In addition, technological
developments in electronics and engineering are providing new and
wonderful instruments for this great exploration into the sources of
life. Many of these have had practical application that has made
possible important advances in medical diagnosis and treatment.
The broad national space goals initially charted by NASA have gone
beyond space flight in near-Earth orbit to lunar and interplanetary
exploration by man and machine. For such missions, more intensive and
comprehensive research in the life sciences is needed. Before manned
voyages for extended periods into deep space will be possible, solutions
must be found for problems such as the development of bioregenerative
life-support systems, communication with nonhuman species, and the
development of new methods for transferring knowledge to the human
brain.
The problems are all of the type that could perhaps be solved by truly
great advances in biological theory, and probably not by any other
avenue.
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* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1966 - O - 798 520