------------------------------------------------------------------
Maximum Organism Time of exposure
temperature
°C
------------------------------------------------------------------
140 Bacterial spores 5-hr immersion
------------------------------------------------------------------
170-200 Desiccated rotifers 5 min
------------------------------------------------------------------
151 Desiccated rotifers 35 min
------------------------------------------------------------------
150 _Clostridium tetani_ 180 min
------------------------------------------------------------------
170 Aerobic bacteria, molds. 5 days at
actinomycetes 6×10⁻⁹mm Hg
------------------------------------------------------------------
127 (dry) Bacteria (in activated charcoal) 60 min
------------------------------------------------------------------
110 (wet) _Bacillus subtilis_ var. _niger_ 400 min
------------------------------------------------------------------
120 _Bacillus subtilis_ var. _niger_ 400 min
------------------------------------------------------------------
141 _Bacillus subtilis_ var. _niger_ 70 min
------------------------------------------------------------------
160 _Bacillus subtilis_ var. _niger_ 15 min
------------------------------------------------------------------
180 _Bacillus subtilis_ var. _niger_ 2 min
------------------------------------------------------------------
188 _Bacillus subtilis_ var. _niger_ 1 min
------------------------------------------------------------------
120 (wet) _Bacillus stearothermophilus_ 25 min
------------------------------------------------------------------
120 (dry) _Bacillus stearothermophilus_ 100 min
------------------------------------------------------------------
141 _Bacillus stearothermophilus_ 12 min
------------------------------------------------------------------
160 _Bacillus stearothermophilus_ 2 min
------------------------------------------------------------------
166 _Bacillus stearothermophilus_ 1 min
------------------------------------------------------------------
Table VI.—_Extremes of Chemical Environmental Factors
Permitting Growth or Activity_
--------------------------------------------------------
Chemical Minimum Organism
factor
--------------------------------------------------------
O₂ 0% HeLa cells, _Cephalobus_,
anaerobic bacteria
--------------------------------------------------------
O₃ (ozone) 0%
--------------------------------------------------------
H₂ 0%
--------------------------------------------------------
H₂O Aw 0.48 _Pleurococcus vulgaris_
------------------------------------------
Aw 0.5 _Xenopsylla cheopis_
(prepupae)
--------------------------------------------------------
H₂O₂ 0%
--------------------------------------------------------
He 0%
--------------------------------------------------------
CO 0%
--------------------------------------------------------
CO₂ 0%
--------------------------------------------------------
CH₄ 0%
--------------------------------------------------------
CH₂O 0%
--------------------------------------------------------
CH₃OH 0%
--------------------------------------------------------
N₂ 0%
--------------------------------------------------------
NO 0%
--------------------------------------------------------
NO₂ 0%
--------------------------------------------------------
N₂O 0%
--------------------------------------------------------
Ar 0%
--------------------------------------------------------
NaCl,
Na₂SO₄,
NaHCO₃
--------------------------------------------------------
H₂S 0%
--------------------------------------------------------
H₂SO₄ 0%
--------------------------------------------------------
Cu⁺⁺
--------------------------------------------------------
Zn⁺⁺
--------------------------------------------------------
pH 0 _Acontium velatum_
_Thiobacillus thioodixans_
--------------------------------------------------------
Eh -450 mV Sulfate-reducing bacteria
at pH 9.5
--------------------------------------------------------
Table VI.—_Extremes of Chemical Environmental Factors
Permitting Growth or Activity_
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Chemical Maximum Pressure, Time, Organism Activity
factor atm days
----------------------------------------------------------------------
O₂ 100% 1 Plants, Growth
animals
----------------------------------------------------------------------
O₃ 100 ppm 5 _Armillaria Growth
(ozone) --------------------------- mellea_ -----------------
500 ppm 5 Light emission
----------------------------------------------------------------------
H₂ 100% Various Germination
plants
----------------------------------------------------------------------
H₂O Aw 1.0 1 Various Growth
aquatic
organisms
----------------------------------------------------------------------
H₂O₂ 0.34% Rye Germination
enhanced
----------------------------------------------------------------------
He 100% Wheat, rye, Germination
rice
----------------------------------------------------------------------
CO 100% Rye Germination
--------------------------------------------------------------
80% 1.1 4 _Hydrogenomonas_ Growth
----------------------------------------------------------------------
CO₂ 100% 1.1 4 Rye Growth and
germination
----------------------------------------------------------------------
CH₄ 100% 1.1 4 Rye Germination
----------------------------------------------------------------------
CH₂O 50% Rye Germination
----------------------------------------------------------------------
CH₃OH 50% Rye Germination
----------------------------------------------------------------------
N₂ 100% .1 10 Various plants Germination and
root growth
----------------------------------------------------------------------
NO 18% .018 10 Sorghum, rice Germination and
root growth
----------------------------------------------------------------------
NO₂ 18% .018 10 Rye, rice Germination and
root growth
----------------------------------------------------------------------
N₂O 100% 1.2 4 Rye Germination
--------------------------------------------------------------
96.5% 1.7 Rye Germination
------------------------------------
_Tenebrio Survival
molitor_
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ar 100% 1.2 2 Rye Germination
----------------------------------------------------------------------
NaCl, 67% Photosynthetic Growth
Na₂SO₄, bacteria
NaHCO₃
----------------------------------------------------------------------
H₂S 0.96 _Desulfovibrio Growth
g/liter desulfuricans_
----------------------------------------------------------------------
H₂SO₄ 7% _Acontium Growth
velatum_
-------------------------------
Thiobacilli Growth,
reproduction
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu⁺⁺ 12 _Thiobacillus Growth
g/liter ferrooxidans_
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Zn⁺⁺ 17 _Thiobacillus Growth
g/liter ferrooxidans_
----------------------------------------------------------------------
pH 13 _Plectonema Growth
nostocorum_
-------------------------------
_Nitrobacter_ Growth
-------------------------------
_Nitrosomonas_ Growth
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Eh 850 mV Iron bacteria Growth
at pH 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------
chapter 4
_Behavioral Biology_