question of campaign left open, 351;
Taylor's attitude, 352-3, 362-3, 543;
influence of Scott's victories and treatment on Mexicans, =2.= 36,
45, 65, 80, 81;
dangers stated, 37;
Scott's preparations at Vera Cruz, 37;
his proclamation before starting, 38, 344;
transportation problem, Antigua and Alvarado expeditions, 38, 344-5;
start, march to Cerro Gordo, 39, 45-8, 345, 348;
map of Vera Cruz to Perote, 39;
Santa Anna's plans and preparations below Perote, 39-42, 346;
maps of Cerro Gordo, 40, 43, 51;
and yellow fever, 42, 59, 64, 348;
defences and force at Cerro Gordo, 42-5, 347, 348;
battle of Cerro Gordo, 48-59, 349-55;
occupation of Jalapa, 59, 354;
pursuit to Perote, 60-1;
Scott at Jalapa, his problems: of supplies, 61-3, 355;
of Santa Anna's intentions, 62;
of time-expired men, 63-4, 356;
force after departure of time-expired men, 64, 356;
advance to Puebla, 64, 66, 69;
map of profile Vera Cruz to Mexico, 62;
secret arrangement with clergy for occupation of Puebla, 65-6, 357;
Scott's proclamation at Jalapa, May 11, 66, 357-8;
Santa Anna's preparations at Orizaba, 67-8, 359;
political influence on his movements, 68;
Santa Anna at Puebla, 69, 360;
Amozoc affair, 69-70, 360;
Worth's erroneous agreement with Puebla, 70;
occupation of Puebla, 71;
Worth's rule there, 71-2, 361;
Scott's intelligence system, 72, 332, 362;
condition of Scott's army in Puebla, 72-3, 362;
concentration, communications severed, and reinforcements awaited
there, 73, 357, 362, 363, 365;
Ten Regiment Bill to increase regulars, 74-6, 363;
proposed appointment of Benton as commanding general, 75, 363,
365;
further call for volunteers, 76-7, 364;
arrival of reinforcements, 76, 365;
organization and size of Scott's force in final advance, 77, 93,
365, 366;
condition of force then, 78;
situation of capital, 79, 94;
unfruitful plans for defence of capital, governmental chaos, 79-82,
367;
map of the Valley, 80;
Santa Anna's return to capital, opposition to his control, 82-7;
his collection of matériel, 87;
his army organization, its character and officers, 87-9, 369;
his defensive plan, 89-90, 370;
defences, Old Peñón, 90, 369;
bolstering morale of inhabitants, 91, 142;
their enthusiasm on start of final campaign, 91-2;
Scott's advance from Puebla to Lake Chalco, 92-5, 371;
failure of opposition to it, 95, 371;
choice of line of advance, 95-6, 372;
advance to San Agustín, 96-8, 374;
Santa Anna and Scott's march to southern front, 97-8, 374;
Mexican enthusiasm lost, 98;
Santa Anna's southern line, 99, 101, 374;
general map of southern line, 100;
field and Mexican occupation of Contreras, 101-2, 375;
American reconnaissances and problem, 102-3, 375;
battle of Contreras, 103-10, 376-80;
Santa Anna's arrangements after Contreras, 110-1, 382;
question of American advance to capital after the battle, 112;
battle of Churubusco, 111-9, 382-5;
Americans after Churubusco, 120;
why victory was not followed up, 120, 386, 393;
halt at Puebla and negotiations, 130;
armistice, 133, 137-8, 394-6, 398-9;
armies during armistice, 134, 138-9;
defences and force at Molino del Rey, 140-2, 400;
map of battles of Mexico City, 141;
Scott's preparations after armistice, 142, 400, 404;
battle of Molino del Rey, 143-7, 401-4;
southern and western approaches to city, 147;
Scott's plans and caution after Molino del Rey, 148, 404, 408;
American conference and problem, decision to attack western gates,
148-9, 408;
defences of Chapultepec, 149-52, 405-6;
battle of Chapultepec, 152-8, 408-11;
Quitman at Belén garita, 158-60, 162, 412, 414-5;
capture of San Cosme garita, 161-2, 413-4, 416;
evacuation of the city, 163, 415;
possession taken by Americans, 163-4, 415-6;
American loss in final operations, 165, 411;
rising in city, 166-8, 420;
adoption of guerilla warfare against, 169;
guerilla warfare on line of communication, 171, 422-3;
operations against guerillas, 172, 178-9, 423, 426-7;
"siege" of Americans at Puebla, 173-5, 424-6;
extempore Mexican government, 179-81, 427, 428;
problem after capture of city, 183, 430;
further tardy reinforcements, 183;
size and condition of American force then, 184, 432;
plan of further campaign, 184, 432, 433;
American evacuation, 251-2, 475, 476;
effect on American foreign relations, 305;
foreign criticism, 307-8;
inadequate force and preparation, 314, 510;
achievement, spoils, 321, 416;
administration and authorization, 344;
Mexican force when it evacuated, 416;
supposed American force (Nov., 1847), 432;
size of army and posts (May, 1848), 438;
distribution of troops after occupying city, 461.
_See also_ Conquered territory; Scott, Winfield; Vera Cruz; and
battles by name for details.
Mexico state, and guerilla warfare, =2.= 169, 173;
and rehabilitation of army, 182;
war donation, 254;
American assessment, 265;
and collapse of federal government, 428.
Micheltorena, J. M., and Jones's occupation, =1.= 69, 423;
in California, 319.
Michigan troops, call, =2.= 431;
at Orizaba, 433.
Michoacán state, and Santa Anna, =1.= 376;
in discussion on peace, =2.= 464.
Middle class in Mexico, =1.= 5, 27.
Mier, occupied, =1.= 210;
as camp, 212;
force at, =2.= 417.
Mier y Terán, M. de, popularity, =1.= 44.
Miles, D. S., at Camargo, =1.= 210-2;
at Monterey, 245, 498;
guerilla attack on, =2.= 422, 433.
Military government.
_See_ Conquered territory.
Miller, Captain, at siege of Puebla, =2.= 424.
Miller, Sergeant, on camp life, =1.= 207.
Mina battalion, at Chapultepec, =2.= 408.
Mining, Mexican industry, =1.= 2, 15.
Miñón, J. J., captures by, =1.= 371;
on eve of Buena Vista, 381, 383;
in the battle, 384, 386, 391, 395, 396, 556, 559;
brigade as screen at San Luis Potosí, 550.
Minor, George, at San Diego, =1.= 534.
Mints, Mexican, =1.= 16;
rented, =2.= 255.
_Mississippi_, in occupation of Tampico, =1.= 279, 281;
yellow fever, =2.= 195;
in Home Squadron, 197, 442, 446;
in attack on Alvarado, 198, 199;
in Tabasco expedition, 204;
in attack on Tuxpán, 444.
Mississippi troops, enlistments, =1.= 195;
at Monterey, 235, 492, 496;
in Victoria march, 357;
at Lobos Islands rendezvous, 368;
at Buena Vista, 388, 391, 392, 555, 557, 561;
in calls and response, 537, =2.= 431;
in Taylor's later force, 417.
_See also_ Davis, Jefferson.
Missouri troops, calls (1847), =2.= 364, 431;
non-active men, 511.
_See also_ Doniphan; Price.
Mitchell, D. D., and Chihuahua Rangers, =1.= 519.
Mixcoac, Americans at, =2.= 134.
Mobile _Herald and Tribune_, on war spirit, =1.= 126.
_Moctezuma_, escape, =2.= 195.
Moderados, and Puros, =2.= 2, 4;
Polkos, 3, 13;
and election of Farías, 5, 9;
and demands on church property, 11, 330;
and Santa Anna, 14, 15, 331;
incompetent, 82, 85.
_See also_ Federalism.
Mofras, Eugène Duflot de.
_See_ Duflot.
Molina, Ignacio, acknowledgment to, =2.= 411.
Molino del Rey, position, defences, =2.= 140, 400;
Mexican force, 142, 402;
Scott's preparation and plan, criticism, 142, 401-2, 404;
map, 143;
American disposition and force, 143, 402, 403;
Santa Anna's actions, 144, 402, 404;
attacks and capture of Mill, 144-5;
capture of Casa Mata, 145, 403;
cavalry fight, 146, 404;
a mistake, losses, results, 147, 403;
American garrison, 461.
Moltke, H. K. B. von, on strategy, =1.= x.
Monarchy in Mexico, feared (1845), =1.= 90, 95, 435;
plans and aid from Europe, 114;
American resentment, 122, 135, =2.= 304, 466;
collapse of plans, =1.= 180, 470;
Paredes deserts, 214, 485;
Santa Anna declares against, 219;
anti-peace activity of adherents, =2.= 234, 463;
adherents in Polko revolt, 330;
and clerical understanding with Scott, 358.
_See also_ Itúrbide.
Monasterio, J. M. O., and claims, =1.= 77.
Monclova, Wool at, =1.= 273, 509;
aspect, 273.
Money, Mexican minting, =1.= 15;
American market during war, =2.= 489.
_Monitor Constitucional_, on expected foreign aid, =1.= 114.
_Monitor del Pueblo_, on Scott's advance, =2.= 66.
_Monitor Republicano_, on the war, =1.= 215;
on Texas and the war, 457;
on Santa Anna, 488, =2.= 84;
on church and war finances, 8, 9.
Monroe Doctrine, and European attitude on the war, =1.= 112, =2.= 296;
and monarchist plans in Mexico, =1.= 122, 135;
Mexico and, 417;
Polk's reassertion, =2.= 295.
Montaño, M., revolt, =1.= 38.
Montemorelos, aspect, =1.= 357.
Monterde, J. M., captured, =2.= 411.
Monterey, Cal., Jones's occupation, =1.= 69, 423;
in 1846, as port, 315, 521;
Sloat takes possession at, 334-5, 531.
Monterey, Mexico, situation, aspect, =1.= 2, 257, =2.= 212;
considered vital, =1.= 225;
Taylor leaves for Victoria, 357;
Santa Anna's plan against (Dec.), 357, 541;
Taylor instructed to concentrate at, his insubordinate advance, 368;
excesses of volunteers at, =2.= 212-3. 450;
American regulations, 213, 230, 450;
later force at, 417, 418.
_See also_ Monterey campaign.
Monterey auxiliary battalion, at battle of Monterey, =1.= 494.
Monterey campaign, inadequate preparation, steamboats, =1.= 208,
481-3;
advance up Rio Grande to Camargo, 209-11;
Taylor's force then, 211, 212, 483;
unfortunate placing of camp at Camargo, 211, 484, 493;
condition of Mexican forces, 225, 230, 489;
Mejía's plan for guerilla warfare, Canales frustrates it, 226, 236;
Taylor's inaction and lack of information, 226, 251, 489, 491, 499;
his transportation, 227, 490-1, 493;
Taylor and popular demand for action, he does not anticipate
resistance, 227, 491-3;
his neglect of artillery, 228, 250, 500;
route of advance, 228;
advance and camp at Cerralvo, organization of army, 228-30, 492,
493;
Mexican force, 230, 494;
Mexican preparations at Monterey, 230-2, 494;
defences, 232-4, 239, 249, 495, 497;
general map of battle, 232;
Ampudia's position and policy, 234;
measures to stay American advance, 234-5, 237, 495;
McCulloch's Rangers, 236;
advance from Cerralvo, aspect of country, 236-7, 496;
arrival before Monterey, 237;
confidence and size of American force, 238, 496;
Worth's flanking movement to Saltillo road, 239-44, 497;
Ampudia during battle, 241, 242, 248, 255, 258, 259, 501;
detailed map of battle, 240;
Worth's capture of Federation Ridge, 244-6, 498;
of Independence Hill, 246-8, 499;
Taylor's display in force, 249;
fortifications in Taylor's front, 249-50;
his verbal instructions to Garland, 250-1, 500;
capture of Tenería redoubt, 251-3, 500;
futile attack on Diablo, 253-4;
Taylor's mistakes, 254, 260, 500-3;
Mexicans abandon outworks, 255;
advance toward plaza, retirement, 256, 500;
failure to concert action with Worth, 256-7, 501;
Worth's attack in city, 257-8;
condition of Mexican force, bombardment, 258, 501;
capitulation, armistice, 259, 501-2;
Taylor's acceptance considered, 260, 502-6;
evacuation by Mexicans, 260;
results, fame, 261, 506;
condition and size of Taylor's force after, 262, 506;
Polk and terms, armistice terminated, 263;
to be end of northern advance, 350;
losses, 505;
foreign comment, =2.= 306-7.
Montgomery, J. B., and British commander, =2.= 446;
at Guaymas, 447.
Montoya, J. M., Mexican chargé at Washington, reports cited _passim_.
Mora, J. M. L., minister at London, and England and California,
=2.= 303;
and British mediation, 508.
Mora y Villamil, Ignacio, on California, =1.= 322;
on Texas and the war, 457;
and defences of Vera Cruz, =2.= 19;
and preparations below Perote, 40;
peace commissioner, 135;
and guerilla warfare, 168, 422;
armistice negotiations, 242, 394;
and Contreras, 375.
Morale, of American troops at Corpus Christi, =1.= 144;
at Rio Grande, 147, 160, 164;
results of Rio Grande campaign, 177-9, 469;
of volunteers in first camps, 207, 481;
Wool's discipline, 268, 269, 273, 275, 276;
character of Doniphan's force, 299, 303;
of Wool's force before Buena Vista campaign, 371;
Taylor's influence, 372, 374;
of Scott's force at Puebla, =2.= 73;
at start of final campaign, 78;
lack, in guerillas, 172;
naval, 190, 438;
mutiny at Buena Vista, 418;
effect of newspapers on Mexican, 509.
_See also_ Army; Conquered territory; Deserters.
Morales, Juan, defence of Vera Cruz, =2.= 22, 31, 336, 337, 340-2.
Morehead, T. G., at siege of Puebla, =2.= 174.
Morelia, powder-mill, =2.= 87.
Morelia battalion, at Monterey, =1.= 494;
at Belén garita, =2.= 412.
Morelos, J. M., as partisan leader, =1.= 32.
Moreno, J. M., attack on La Paz, =2.= 449.
Morfit, H. M., American agent in Texas, reports cited _passim_.
Morgan, G. W., at Cerralvo, =1.= 562;
and Fifteenth Infantry, =2.= 363;
at Contreras, 378.
Morier, J. J., British agent in Mexico, on Mexican character,
=1.= 410.
Mormon battalion, follows Kearny's expedition, =1.= 290, 516;
in California, =2.= 218, 219, 454, 455.
Morris, L. N., at Palo Alto, =1.= 164.
Mosquito fleet, =2.= 29, 338.
Mountain systems of Mexico, =1.= 1.
Mounted Riflemen, authorized, =1.= 190;
in Smith's brigade, 541;
at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 52, 54, 350, 352;
in Scott's army, 77;
at Contreras, 104;
at Churubusco, 110, 114, 382, 384;
at Belén garita, 159, 160;
at siege of Vera Cruz, 343;
at Molino del Rey, 403;
at Chapultepec, 410;
in the guerilla operations, 427.
Mouth of the Rio Grande, camp, =1.= 205.
Mulejé, and American occupation, =2.= 448.
Mules.
_See_ Transportation.
Munroe, John, artillery at Point Isabel, =1.= 146, 148.
Murphy, Tomás, Mexican agent at London, Aberdeen's suggestion to,
=1.= 434;
and interposition, =2.= 302, 304, 504-6;
and foreign officers, 306.
Muscatine, Iowa.
_See_ Bloomington.
Nacogdoches, Gaines's expedition, =1.= 64-6, 420-2.
Nájera, Lieut. Col., at Monterey, falls, =1.= 243.
Napoleon I, on first quality of a soldier, =1.= 440;
on flank movement, 497;
on agent's responsibility, =2.= 398.
Nashville _Union_, on war spirit, =1.= 126.
_Natchez_, Vera Cruz incident, =1.= 424, 425.
National bridge.
_See_ Puente nacional.
National Guard, Mexican, and Federalists, =1.= 221, 222;
Brazito affair with Doniphan, 301-2;
attempt to centralize, 376, =2.= 346;
at Vera Cruz, 22, 343;
and siege of Puebla, 174, 425.
National highway, =1.= 16.
_See also_ Mexico expedition.
_National Intelligencer_, and peace, =2.= 125;
on Polk and his party, 269;
and tariff, 273;
on Polk, 275;
on outbreak of war, 277;
encourages enemy, 280, 281;
and tax on tea and coffee, 285;
and no-territory plan, 288;
and victorious war, 292;
on title by conquest, 497;
on tariff for Mexican ports, 500, 501.
Navajo Indians, conquered, =1.= 298.
Navy, American, foreign opinion, =1.= 106;
pacific instructions (1845), 131, 447;
war preparations, 190;
mosquito fleet at siege of Vera Cruz, =2.= 29, 338;
sailors and landed battery at siege, 30, 34, 338;
vessels at the beginning of the war, distribution, 189, 197, 438;
appropriation and increase, 189;
establishment, condition, 189, 438;
administration, 190-91;
and Mexican privateers, 192-3;
blockade, 193-5, 205, 206, 208, 446, 448;
scurvy and yellow fever, 194-5;
and Mexican navy, 195;
difficulties of shore operations, 196;
Alvarado expeditions, 197-9, 344;
operations on Mexican western coast, 205-8, 446-9;
character of service, 208, 449;
character of control of occupied territory, 208;
evacuation, 476.
_See also_ California; Conner, David; Jones, T. A. C.; Marines;
Perry; Sloat; Shubrick; Stockton.
Navy, Mexican, =2.= 195.
Negotiations.
_See_ Diplomatic intercourse; Peace.
_Neptune_, at Tampico, =1.= 281;
wrecked, 449.
Neutrality, American, and Texas, =1.= 63, 432;
and Sabine River boundary, 64;
and Gaines's expedition, 64-6;
and recognition of Texas, 66-7, 422-3;
Bocanegra-Webster correspondence, 68;
European, in the war, =2.= 300-5.
_See also_ Interposition; Mediation.
New Granada, and the war, =2.= 298.
New Helvetia, trading post, =1.= 318, 522.
New Jersey troops, call, =2.= 364;
in Taylor's later force, 417;
at Jalapa, 433.
New Mexico, Santa Fe trail trade, =1.= 72, 284, 514;
province, population, 284;
political situation, 284-6, =2.= 216;
American war policy toward, =1.= 286;
preparation of Kearny's expedition, force, 286, 288, 515;
map of his route, 287;
his march to Pent's Fort, 288-9, 515;
Armijo's attitude, preparations, and desertion, 289, 292-4, 516-7;
Price's reinforcement of Kearny, 290, 516;
Mormon battalion, 290, 516;
Kearny's proclamation and letter to Armijo, 290, 516;
advance to San Miguel, assurances to inhabitants, 291-2, 516;
expected fight at Apache Canyon, condition of expedition, 292-3,
516;
resistance abandoned, 293-5;
occupation of Santa Fe, 295-6;
Fort Marcy, 296;
march to southern district, 297;
retaining force, 298;
reduction of Indians, 298;
Doniphan's march to El Paso, Brazito affair, 298-300, 517, 518;
condition of force at Santa Fe, 518;
in peace negotiations and treaty, 135, 136, 238, 240, 248, 396, 468,
469;
character of population, 216;
excesses due to American occupation, 216, 453;
Price's rule, insurrection, 217, 453;
civil government as conquered territory, 285;
justice of acquisition, 322;
supposed force in (Nov., 1847), 432;
Texas and occupation, 497.
New Orleans, enlistments, =1.= 195;
as rival of New York, =2.= 274;
yellow fever (1847), 431.
New Orleans _Commercial Bulletin_, attacks policy of forbearance,
=1.= 121;
on easy victory over Mexico, 126.
New Orleans _Delta_, on Paredes revolt, =1.= 120;
demand for war, 443;
Leonidas letter, =2.= 187, 435;
on Taylor's force (1847), 417.
New Orleans _Jeffersonian Republican_, attacks policy of forbearance,
=1.= 120.
New Orleans _Picayune_, on monarchist plans in Mexico, =1.= 90, 122,
135;
attacks on policy of forbearance, 119;
on rejection of Slidell, 120;
on war spirit, 126, 132;
demand for war, 443.
New Orleans _Tropic_, on policy of expansion, =1.= 123.
New York, and peace, =2.= 123;
Polk and factions, 270, 491.
_See also_ New York troops.
New York City, enlistments, =1.= 194.
New York _Courrier des Etats Unis_, on European protection of Mexico,
=1.= 121.
New York _Express_, and peace, =2.= 125.
New York _Herald_, on unrest, =1.= 124;
on war spirit, 124;
on war as peace movement, 184;
on war finances, =2.= 256;
on opposition to the war, 494.
New York _Journal of Commerce_, on war spirit, =1.= 124;
on war as peace movement, 184.
New York _Morning News_, on policy of expansion, =1.= 123;
on war spirit, 124-6.
New York _Sun_, and Worth, =2.= 186, 434;
favors absorbing Mexico, 243.
New York _Tribune_, on policy of expansion, =1.= 123;
on Polk and war, 184;
on the war and politics, =2.= 275;
on annexation of Texas and war, 276;
demands recall of troops, 290;
on Scott and the cabal, 436.
New York troops, in Vera Cruz expedition, =1.= 368, 537, =2.= 343;
at Cerro Gordo, 53, 58;
in march to Puebla, 69;
in Scott's army, 78;
at Churubusco, 117;
at Chapultepec, 157, 409;
in Mexico City, 163;
in California, 219, 454, 476;
in Lower California, 448.
Newspapers, Mexican, war-time lamentations, =2.= 509.
_See also_ Press.
Niles, J. M., and absorption of Mexico, =2.= 244;
position in Senate, 496.
_Niles' Register_, on Taylor's generalship, =1.= 503.
Niño Perdido garita, =2.= 148.
Ninth Cavalry, Mexican, at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 347.
Ninth Infantry, in Scott's army, =2.= 78, 363, 432;
at Contreras, 109;
at Chapultepec, 154, 155, 157;
advance after armistice, 400;
at Huamantla, 426;
at Pachuca, 433.
_Nonata_, captured, =1.= 511.
Noncombatants, American policy toward, =2.= 210, 220, 229.
_See also_ Conquered territory.
Nopalucan, aspect, =2.= 69.
Noriega, General, at Palo Alto, =1.= 165, 168;
captured at Chapultepec, =2.= 411.
North Carolina troops, enlistments, =1.= 195;
calls, 537, =2.= 431;
in Taylor's later force, 417.
Norther, character, =1.= 541, =2.= 34.
Nuevo León, troops at Monterey, =1.= 494;
levy on, for guerilla warfare, =2.= 170, 422;
attitude toward United States, 215;
general occupation, 418.
_See also_ Monterey.
Oaxaca state, guerilla warfare, =2.= 173;
revolt and the war, 369.
Obregón, Pablo, Mexican minister at Washington, and boundary
negotiations, =1.= 60.
O'Brien, J. P. J., battery at Buena Vista, =1.= 388, 390-2, 394, 557.
Ocampo, M., and Santa Anna, =1.= 376.
Occupied territory.
_See_ Conquered territory.
O'Donnell, Leopoldo, and Mexican privateering, =2.= 193.
O'Donojú, Juan, treaty with Itúrbide, =1.= 33.
Officers, character of volunteer, =1.= 192, 207, =2.= 215;
for the ten new regiments, 76;
value of West Point training, 320.
_See also_ Army; Volunteers.
_Ohio_, and attack on Tuxpán, =2.= 444;
in Pacific squadron, 447.
Ohio troops, enlistments, =1.= 195;
at Monterey, 253, 492, 496;
in Taylor's later force, =2.= 417;
with Scott, 418;
in Lane's march to Puebla, 426;
in his guerilla operations, 426, 427;
calls (1847), 364, 365, 431;
garrison at Puebla, 433;
non-active men, 511.
Ojo de Agua, aspect, =2.= 69;
American post, 433.
Olaguíbel, F. M. de, warnings to Santa Anna (1846), =1.= 378, 379;
supports Farías, =2.= 82;
character, 86;
and opposition to Santa Anna, 86, 134, 136;
yields to Santa Anna's demands, 92;
supplies for Scott, 134;
in American rear, 148;
and evacuation of Mexico, 163;
supports Peña, 180, 428.
Old Peñón, fortification, =2.= 90, 369, 373;
Mexican army at, 92;
Scott avoids, 96.
Oligarchy, of Spanish born, =1.= 29;
deposes viceroy, 30;
Hidalgo's revolt against, 31;
partisan warfare on, 31;
doomed, 32;
revolt against liberal constitution, 32;
plots against federal government, 37;
rules Victoria, 37;
attempted revolt (1823), 38;
expulsion of Gachupines, 39, 42, 413;
and Bustamante's revolt, 43;
and Santa Anna, 45;
and Farías' reforms, 46;
makes Santa Anna dictator, 46;
and Seven Laws, rule, 47;
factions, 48;
goes over to Santa Anna (1841), 50.
_See also_ Government; Monarchy; Roman Catholic church.
Olozaga, Salustiano de, on monarchy for Mexico, =1.= 448.
Opposition to the war, Mexico counts on, =1.= 105, 107, 119, 443;
objections to war bill, 182-3, 471;
basis, =2.= 273-5;
Whig troubles, 276-80, 283, 493, 494;
warning from opposition to War of 1812, 280;
encourages enemy, 280-1, 289, 495;
character of speeches in Congress, 284-6;
and Wilmot Proviso, 286-7, 498;
Whig no-territory plan, 287-8, 498;
protracts war, 288, 292;
demand for stoppage of supplies and recall of troops, 290-1, 500;
Whig House programme, 290;
effect on, of success of war, 290;
continued baiting of Polk, 291, 500;
results, 292, 314, 510;
historical results, 292-3, 501.
Oregon country, question and Mexican relations, =1.= 90, 94, 130, 137,
=2.= 299, 504;
and British aid of Mexico, =1.= 114;
and outbreak of the war, 200, 458, 478;
compromise settlement, 201;
effect on Polk, =2.= 271, 281;
settlement and Wilmot Proviso, 286;
danger in, 295.
Organic Bases, =1.= 52;
revival, 217.
Orizaba, situation, aspect, =1.= 2, =2.= 222;
Santa Anna's preparations at, 67-8;
Bankhead's expedition, aspect of route to, 184-5, 433;
American rule, 223;
Lane at, 427.
Orizaba, Mount, aspect, =2.= 18, 60, 223.
Ortega, J. M., in Monterey negotiations, =1.= 502.
Osgood, David, on War of 1812, =2.= 280, 494.
Oswandel, J. J., on Pillow, =2.= 377.
Otero, Mariano, on advance to Rio Grande, =1.= 155;
on income of the Church, 408;
on Texas and the war, 458;
and peace negotiations, =2.= 136, 236;
leader of Moderados, 327.
Outbreak of the war, Mexican policy to avoid formal declaration, =1.=
88, 434;
protection of Texas and boundary question, 138, 153, 449, 457, 470;
Taylor's force occupies Corpus Christi, 141-3, 452;
original size of force, 142;
reinforcements, 143, 454;
condition of force, 143;
rank controversy, 144;
crossing of Rio Grande by Mexicans as invasion, 144, 453;
Taylor's advance to Rio Grande, 145-8, 454;
retaliatory orders, 148, 455;
Mexicans cross and attack Thornton, 149, 455;
de facto war, Taylor calls for more troops, 150, 455;
justification of advance to Rio Grande, 151-4, 456;
advance not cause of war, 154-5, 185, 457, 471;
war begun by Mexico, 155, 190, =2.= 311-2;
her grief for first battles, =1.= 179;
Polk's Message, 181, 470;
war bill in Congress, 182-3, 471-3;
quick peace expected, 184, 471;
political considerations, Benton, 184-5, 471;
Calhoun's opposition, 185-7, 472;
existence of legal war, 186-7, 472;
causes, 187-90, 326, 471, 473, 526, =2.= 284, 310-1, 508-9;
proclamation, =1.= 191, 474;
raising of army, 190-6, 445;
selection of commander, 196-8, 200;
Polk and Scott's plans, Scott's relegation, 198-200, 476-8;
and Oregon question, 200, 458, 478;
negotiations with Santa Anna, 201-3, 478-9;
Mexican preparations and declaration, 212, 222-3, 484, 488;
effect of Rio Grande campaign on Mexicans, 213;
overthrow of Paredes, 214-22, 485;
Santa Anna's policy to command army only, 222-4;
error of short-war policy, 347;
popularity, =2.= 268;
Whig inconsistency on, 276-7;
Webster on pretexts, 279, 494;
Buchanan's diplomatic circular on, 297;
British attitude, 299-300;
French attitude, 300, 503;
Polk's alleged inconsistencies on causes, 491;
as result of lack of preparedness, 509.
_See also_ Preparation; Rio Grande campaign.
Owens, S. C., in Doniphan's expedition, =1.= 303;
at battle of Sacramento, killed, 311.
Pacheco, F., at Buena Vista, =1.= 389-91.
Pacheco, J. R., and peace negotiations, =2.= 133, 137, 393, 396.
Pachuca, occupied, =2.= 184, 433;
under American rule, 460.
Pacific squadron, vessels during the war, =2.= 189, 447.
_See also_ Shubrick; Sloat; Stockton.
Padierna, battle of.
_See_ Contreras.
Pageot, A. J. Y., French minister at Washington, reports cited
_passim_.
Pakenham, Richard, British minister at Mexico and Washington, and
expulsion of Americans, =1.= 72, 423;
and American claims against Mexico, 79, 81, 431;
on chances of expected war, 107, 109;
warning against slavery expansion, 114;
on California, 320, 322;
on growing distaste for war, 347;
on Polk's dilemma, 349;
on plan against Vera Cruz, 350;
on Santa Anna's rule, 415;
on Mexican treatment of Poinsett, 417;
on Monterey armistice, 502;
on march to Mexico City, =2.= 37;
on desire for peace, 123, 126;
on American war finances, 260, 482;
and mediation, 301, 504.
Palmasola fort near Tuxpán, =2.= 202.
Palmerston, Viscount, and Mexican privateering, =2.= 192;
offers mediation, 301, 504;
and California, 302;
and Guizot, 304;
and American victories, 305;
and interposition, 306;
and absorption of Mexico, 309.
Palmetto Regiment, in Vera Cruz expedition, =1.= 368;
call, 537;
in march to Puebla, =2.= 69;
in Scott's army, 78, 343;
at Churubusco, 117, 384;
at Chapultepec, 157;
at Belén garita, 160, 412;
in Alvarado expedition, 344.
Palo Alto, battle of, American force, =1.= 163;
American line, 164;
map, 164;
Mexican advance and position, 164-5;
Mexican force, 165;
artillery, 165, 465;
Torrejón's attack and repulse, 166-7;
American movement on right, 167-8;
defeat of Mexican right, 168-9;
losses, 169, 466;
Mexican retreat, 169.
_See also_ Rio Grande campaign.
Palo Alto, Camp, =1.= 480.