the descriptions named in Rules 2 and 4 shall be washed before being
sorted.
4. No Alpaca, Pelitan, Cashmere, Persian, Camel Hair, or Mohair shall
be sorted except in rooms provided with extracting fans, so arranged
that each sorting-board shall be independently connected with the
extracting shaft by means of a funnel-shaped opening not less than ten
inches across at the top, in such manner that the dust may be drawn
downwards. The draught shall be maintained in constant efficiency
while the sorters are at work, and shall be such that not less than 75
cubic feet of air per minute are drawn by the fan from beneath each
sorting-board.
The extracting shaft shall be cleaned out at least once in each week.
5. The dust collected by the fan shall be discharged into properly
constructed receptacles, and not into the open air. This dust, together
with the sweepings from the floors and walls of the sorting-room, and
from under the sorting-boards, shall be removed at least twice a week,
and burnt. All pieces of skin, scab, and clippings or “shearlings”
shall be removed daily from the sorting-rooms, and be disinfected or
destroyed. All bags in which dangerous wool or hair has been imported
shall be picked clean and not brushed.
6. No person having any open cut or sore upon any part of his body
shall be allowed to sort.
7. Proper provision shall be made for the keeping of the sorter’s
clothing and food outside of the sorting-room. No meals shall be
allowed to be taken in the sorting-room.
During meal hours the windows shall be kept open.
8. No bale wool or hair shall be stored in a sorting-room, nor wool of
any description, unless the same be effectually screened off from the
sorting-room. An air space of at least 1000 cubic feet shall be allowed
for each sorter, exclusive of any portion screened off.
9. The floor of the sorting-room shall be thoroughly sprinkled daily
with a disinfectant solution, and swept daily (immediately after
sprinkling) after the work is done.
10. The walls and ceilings of the sorting-room shall be limewashed at
least once a year.
11. Requisites for treating scratches and slight wounds shall be kept
at hand.
12. Proper and sufficient appliances for washing, including basins,
water, soap, nail-brushes, and towels, shall be provided in or near the
sorting rooms, for the use of the sorters.
DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.
13. If, on opening a bale of wool or hair, any fallen fleece or damaged
material is discovered, the person opening the bale shall report the
discovery immediately to the foreman.
14. Every sorter having an open cut or sore on any part of his body
shall immediately report the fact to the foreman.
15. No sorter shall keep in the sorting-room coats or other articles of
clothing besides those he is wearing. No meals shall be taken in the
sorting-room.
16. If the draught at any sorting-board, or the fan or any other
appliance necessary to the production of such draught, is found to be
out of order, the sorter, or any other person becoming aware of the
defect, shall report it to the foreman at once.
ARTHUR WHITELEGGE,
_H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories_.
October 1897.
_Note._--These Rules are required to be posted up in
conspicuous places in the Factory or Workshop to which they
apply, where they may be conveniently read by the persons
employed. Any person who wilfully injures or defaces them is
liable to a penalty not exceeding five pounds. Occupiers of
factories and workshops, and persons employed therein, who are
bound to observe these Rules, are liable to penalties in case of
non-compliance. (Factory and Workshop Act, 1891, Sections 9 and
11.)
Form 272A.
FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACTS, 1878 TO 1895.
_SPECIAL RULES._
WOOL SORTING.
DUTIES OF OCCUPIERS.
1. Bales of wool or hair shall, whenever opened for the purpose of
being sorted, be so opened by men skilled in judging of the quality and
condition of the material.
2. All Alpaca, Pelitan, Cashmere, and Camel Hair shall be opened over
a fan with a downward draught, in a room specially set apart for the
purpose, separate and distinct from any sorting-room, and from any room
in which work (other than opening) is carried on. All Persian shall be
opened and sorted in a room specially set apart for this purpose.
3. Van Mohair shall be washed and sorted while damp, if sorted at all.
Damaged wool or hair, fallen fleeces and foreign skin-wool or hair of
the descriptions named in Rules 2 and 4 shall be washed before being
sorted.
4. No Alpaca, Pelitan, Cashmere, Persian, Camel Hair, or Mohair shall
be sorted except in rooms provided with extracting fans, so arranged
that each sorting-board shall be independently connected with the
extracting shaft by means of a funnel-shaped opening not less than ten
inches across at the top, in such manner that the dust may be drawn
downwards. The draught shall be maintained in constant efficiency
while the sorters are at work, and shall be such that not less than 75
cubic feet of air per minute are drawn by the fan from beneath each
sorting-board.
The extracting shaft shall be cleaned out at least once in each week.
5. The dust collected by the fan from the sorting-boards shall be
discharged into properly constructed receptacles, and not into the
open air. This dust, together with the sweepings from the floors and
walls of the sorting-room, and from under the sorting-boards, shall
be removed at least twice a week, and burnt. All pieces of skin,
scab, and clippings or “shearlings” shall be removed daily from the
sorting-rooms, and be disinfected or destroyed. All bags in which
dangerous wool or hair has been imported shall be picked clean and not
brushed.
6. No person having any open cut or sore upon any part of his body
shall be allowed to sort.
7. Proper provision shall be made for the keeping of the sorter’s
clothing and food outside of the sorting-room. No meals shall be
allowed to be taken in the sorting-room.
During meal hours the windows shall be kept open.
8. No bale wool or hair shall be stored in a sorting-room, nor wool of
any description unless the same be effectually screened off from the
sorting-room. An air space of at least 1000 cubic feet shall be allowed
for each sorter, exclusive of any portion screened off.
9. The floor of the sorting-room shall be thoroughly sprinkled daily
with a disinfectant solution, and swept daily (immediately after
sprinkling) after the work is done.
10. The walls and ceilings of the sorting-room shall be limewashed at
least once a year.
11. Requisites for treating scratches and slight wounds shall be kept
at hand.
12. Proper and sufficient appliances for washing, including basins,
water, soap, nail-brushes, and towels, shall be provided in or near the
sorting-rooms, for the use of the sorters.
DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.
13. If, on opening a bale of wool or hair, any fallen fleece or damaged
material is discovered, the person opening the bale shall report the
discovery immediately to the foreman.
14. Every sorter having an open cut or sore on any part of his body
shall immediately report the fact to the foreman.
15. No sorter shall keep in the sorting-room coats or other articles of
clothing besides those he is wearing. No meals shall be taken in the
sorting-room.
16. If the draught at any sorting-board, or the fan or any other
appliance necessary to the production of such draught, is found to be
out of order, the sorter, or any other person becoming aware of the
defect, shall report it to the foreman at once.
ARTHUR WHITELEGGE,
_H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories_.
April 1898.
_Note._--These Rules are required to be posted up in conspicuous
places in the Factory or Workshop to which they apply, where they may
be conveniently read by the persons employed. Any person who wilfully
injures or defaces them is liable to a penalty not exceeding five
pounds. Occupiers of factories and workshops, and persons employed
therein, who are bound to observe these Rules, are liable to penalties
in case of non-compliance. (Factory and Workshop Act, 1891, Sections 9
and 11.)
Form 273.
FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACTS, 1878 TO 1895.
_SPECIAL RULES._
BOTTLING OF AERATED WATER.
DUTIES OF OCCUPIERS.
1. _Face-guards._--They shall provide all bottlers with faceguards,
masks, or veils of wire gauze.
They shall provide all wirers, sighters, and labellers with faceguards,
masks, or veils of wire gauze, or goggles.
2. _Gauntlets._--They shall provide all bottlers with full-length
gauntlets for both arms.
They shall provide all wirers, sighters, and labellers with gauntlets
for both arms, protecting at least half of the palm and the space
between the thumb and forefinger.
3. _Fencing._--They shall cause all machines for bottling to be so
constructed, so placed, or so fenced, as to prevent as far as possible,
during the operation of filling or corking, a fragment of a bursting
bottle from striking any bottler, wirer, sighter, labeller, or washer.
DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.
4. _Face-guards._--All bottlers shall, while at work, wear faceguards,
masks, or veils of wire gauze.
All wirers, sighters, and labellers shall, while at work, wear
faceguards, masks, or veils of wire gauze, or goggles; except labellers
when labelling bottles standing in cases.
5. _Gauntlets._--All bottlers shall, while at work, wear on both arms
full-length gauntlets. All wirers, sighters, and labellers shall, while
at work, wear on both arms gauntlets protecting at least half of the
palm and the space between the thumb and forefinger; except labellers
when labelling bottles standing in cases.
ARTHUR WHITELEGGE,
_H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories_.
August 1897.
_Note._--These Rules must be kept posted up in conspicuous
places in the Factory to which they apply, where they may be
conveniently read by the persons employed.
Any person who is bound to observe these Rules and fails to do
so, or acts in contravention of them, is liable to a penalty;
and in such case the occupier also is liable to a penalty,
unless he proves that he has taken all reasonable means by
publishing, and to the best of his power enforcing the Rules,
to prevent the contravention or non-compliance. (Factory and
Workshop Act, 1891, Sections 9 and 11.)
Form 274.
FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACTS, 1878 TO 1895.
_SPECIAL RULES._
VULCANISING OF INDIA-RUBBER BY MEANS OF BISULPHIDE
OF CARBON.
DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS.
1. No child or young person shall be employed in any room in which
bisulphide of carbon is used.
2. After May 1st, 1898, no person shall be employed for more than five
hours in any day in a room in which bisulphide of carbon is used, nor
for more than two-and-a-half hours at a time without an interval of at
least an hour.
3. In vulcanising waterproof cloth by means of bisulphide of carbon--
(_a_) the trough containing the bisulphide of carbon shall be
self-feeding and covered over;
(_b_) the cloth shall be conveyed to and from the drying chamber
by means of an automatic machine;
(_c_) no person shall be allowed to enter the drying chamber in
the ordinary course of work;
(_d_) the machine shall be covered over, and the fumes drawn
away from the workers by means of a downward suction fan
maintained in constant efficiency.
4. Dipping shall not be done except in boxes so arranged that a suction
fan shall draw the fumes away from the workers.
5. No food shall be allowed to be eaten in any room in which bisulphide
of carbon is used.
6. A suitable place for meals shall be provided.
7. All persons employed in rooms in which bisulphide of carbon is
used shall be examined once a month by the Certifying Surgeon for the
district, who shall, after May 1st, 1898, have power to order temporary
or total suspension from work.
8. No person shall be employed in any room in which bisulphide of
carbon is used, contrary to the direction of the Certifying Surgeon
given as above.
9. A Register in the form which has been prescribed by the Secretary
of State for use in Indiarubber Works shall be kept, and in it the
Certifying Surgeon will enter the dates and result of his visits, with
the number of persons examined, and particulars of any directions given
by him. This Register shall contain a list of all persons employed in
rooms in which bisulphide of carbon is used, and shall be produced
at any time when required by H.M. Inspector of Factories or by the
Certifying Surgeon.
DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.
10. No person shall enter the drying room in the ordinary course of
work, or perform dipping except in boxes provided with a suction fan
carrying the fumes away from the workers.
11. No person shall take any food in any room in which bisulphide of
carbon is used.
12. After May 1st, 1898, no person shall, contrary to the direction of
the Certifying Surgeon, given in pursuance of Rule 7, work in any room
in which bisulphide of carbon is used.
13. All persons employed in rooms in which bisulphide of carbon is used
shall present themselves for periodic examination by the Certifying
Surgeon, as provided in Rule 7.
14. It shall be the duty of all persons employed to report immediately
to the employer or foreman any defect which they may discover in the
working of the fan or in any appliance required by these rules.
ARTHUR WHITELEGGE,
_H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories_.
1897.
_Note._--These Rules are required to be posted up in
conspicuous places in the Factory or Workshop to which they
apply, where they may be conveniently read by the persons
employed. Any person who wilfully injures or defaces them is
liable to a penalty not exceeding five pounds. Occupiers of
factories and workshops, and persons employed therein, who are
bound to observe these Rules, are liable to penalties in case of
non-compliance. (Factory and Workshop Act, 1891, Sections 9 and
11).
Form 343.
FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACTS, 1878 TO 1895.
_SPECIAL RULES._
DRY AND DRYSALTED FOREIGN HIDES AND SKINS, AND
DRY AND DRYSALTED EAST INDIAN HIDES AND SKINS.
DUTIES OF OCCUPIER.
1. _Protection for Neck, Arms, and Hands._--Efficient means of
protection for the neck, arms, and hands shall be provided for the use
of all persons employed in unpacking, sorting, packing, handling, or
carrying any dry or drysalted foreign or East Indian hides or skins.
2. _Storage of Food and Clothing._--Proper provision, to the
reasonable satisfaction of the Inspector in charge of the District,
shall be made for the keeping of the workmen’s food and clothing
outside any room or shed in which any of the above described hides or
skins are unpacked, sorted, packed, or stored.
_Meals._--No meals shall be allowed to be taken in any such room
or shed.
3. _Washing._--Proper and sufficient appliances for washing,
comprising soap, basins with water laid on, nail-brushes and towels,
shall be provided and maintained for the use of the workmen, to the
reasonable satisfaction of the Inspector in charge of the District.
4. _Dressings._--Sticking plaster, and other requisites for treating
scratches and slight wounds, shall be kept at hand, available for the
use of the persons employed.
5. _Wounds._--No person having any open cut, scratch, or sore upon
face, head, neck, arm, or hand shall be allowed to work on the premises
until the wound is healed, or completely covered by a proper dressing
after being thoroughly washed.
6. _Note to be Exhibited._--A copy of the appended notes shall be
kept affixed with the Rules.
DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.
7. _Protection for Neck, Arms, and Hands._--Each person whilst engaged
in unpacking, sorting, packing, handling, or carrying any dry or
drysalted foreign or East Indian hides or skins shall use the means of
protection provided by the Occupier in pursuance of Rule 1.
8. _Storage of Food and Clothing._--No workman shall keep any food, or
any articles of clothing other than those he is wearing, in any room
or shed in which any dry or drysalted foreign or East Indian hides or
skins are handled.
He shall not take any food in any such room or shed.
9. _Wounds._--Every workman having any open cut or scratch or raw
surface however trifling, upon his face, head, neck, arm, or hand,
shall immediately report the fact to the foreman, and shall not work on
the premises until the wound is healed, or is completely covered by a
proper dressing after being thoroughly washed.
ARTHUR WHITELEGGE,
_H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories_.
August 1899.
_Note 1._--These Rules must be kept posted up in conspicuous places in
the factory to which they apply, where they may be conveniently read by
the persons employed. Any person who is bound to observe these Rules
and fails to do so, or acts in contravention of them, is liable to a
penalty; and in such cases the occupier also is liable to a penalty,
unless he proves that he has taken all reasonable means by publishing,
and to the best of his power enforcing the Rules, to prevent the
contravention or non-compliance. (Factory and Workshop Act, 1891,
Sections 9 and 11.)
_Note 2._--_Nature of the Disease._--The danger against which these
Rules are directed is that of anthrax--a fatal disease affecting
certain animals, which may be conveyed from them to man by the handling
of hides of animals which have died of the disease. The germs of the
disease (anthrax spores) are found in the dust and in the substance of
the hide, and may remain active for years. In this country anthrax is
rare, and precautions are taken to prevent infected hides from coming
into the market, consequently there is little danger in handling the
hides slaughtered in the United Kingdom: but in Russia, China, and
the East Indies, and in many other parts of the world, the disease
is common, and infected hides (which do not differ from others in
appearance) are often shipped to British ports. Hence in handling
foreign dry hides the above Rules should be carefully observed. Wet
salted hides are free from dust, and less risk is incurred in handling
them.
The disease is communicated to man sometimes by breathing or swallowing
the dust from an infected hide, but much more usually by the poison
lodging in some point where the skin is broken: such as a fresh scratch
or cut, or a scratched pimple, or even chapped hands. This happens most
readily on the uncovered parts of the body, the hand, arm, face, and
most frequently of all on the neck; owing either to an infected hide
rubbing against the bare skin, or to dust from such a hide alighting
on the raw surface. Hence the necessity for the coverings required by
the Rules. But a raw surface covered by clothing is not free from risk,
for dust lodging upon the clothes may sooner or later work its way to
the skin beneath. Infection may also be brought about by rubbing or
scratching a pimple with hand or nail carrying the anthrax poison.
The first symptom of anthrax is usually a small inflamed swelling like
a pimple or boil, often quite painless, which extends, and in a few
days becomes black at the centre and surrounded by other “pimples.”
The poison is now liable to be absorbed into the system and will cause
risk to life, which can be avoided only by prompt and effective medical
treatment in the early stage while the poison is still confined to the
pimple. Hence it is of the utmost importance that a doctor should _at
once_ be consulted if there is any suspicion of infection.
Form 383.
FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACTS, 1878 TO 1895.
_SPECIAL RULES._
WOOL-COMBING.
_For the purpose of Rules 1, 2, 12, and 13, “opening” of any wool or
hair means the opening of the fleece, or, if it be not in the fleece,
the opening out for looking over, or classing purposes._
DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS.
1. _Opening._--No Alpaca, Pelitan, Cashmere, Persian, or Camel Hair
shall be opened except--
(_a_) after steeping in water, or
(_b_) over an efficient opening board.
For the purposes of this Rule, no opening board shall be considered
efficient unless, over a central area of four square feet, the linear
velocity of air passing through the screen shall average at least 150
feet per minute for each square foot, the measurements to be taken on
a uniform system approved by H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories; and no
opening board shall have an area of less than seven square feet.
2. All badly-damaged wool or hair, fallen fleeces, and skin, wool, or
hair of the kinds named in Rule 1, shall be opened by an experienced
man in the manner prescribed in Rule 1, and damped with a disinfectant
and then washed without being willowed.
3. Every bale of Van Mohair shall be steeped in water before being
opened.
4. _Willowing._--No Alpaca, Pelitan, Cashmere, Persian, Camel Hair, or
Mohair shall be willowed except in a separate room provided with an
efficient exhaust fan so arranged as to draw the dust away from the
workmen and prevent it from entering the air of the room.
No wool or hair shall be stored in a willowing room.
The floor of every such room shall be sprinkled daily with a
disinfectant solution and swept immediately after sprinkling.
The walls and ceilings of every such room shall be limewashed at least
once a year and swept down at least once a month.
5. _Dust._--The dust collected by the willows or other dust
extracting machines and from the opening boards shall be discharged
into properly constructed receptacles, and not into the open air. This
dust shall be removed at least once a week.
6. _Storage of Clothing and Food._--Suitable provision shall be made
for keeping the clothing and food of all persons who are employed in
the warehouse, or in any room in which is carried on willowing or
opening, or any other process through which the wool or hair passes
before being washed.
7. _Wounds._--No person having any open cut or sore upon any part of
the body shall be employed in a place specified in Rule 6.
8. _Meals._--No person shall be allowed to prepare or partake of any
food in a place specified in Rule 6, or in a carding room.
9. _Lavatories._--Sufficient and suitable washing conveniences shall
be provided and maintained for all persons employed in the places
specified in Rule 6.
The washing conveniences shall comprise soap, nail-brushes, and towels,
and at least one wash-hand basin for every five persons employed as
above, each basin being fitted with a waste-pipe and having a constant
supply of water laid on.
10. _Dressings._--Requisites for treating scratches and slight wounds
shall be kept at hand.
DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.
11. _Opening._--If, on opening a bale, any fallen fleeces or
damaged material is discovered, the person opening the bale shall
report the discovery immediately to the foreman.
12. No Alpaca, Pelitan, Cashmere, Persian, or Camel Hair shall be
opened otherwise than as permitted by Rule 1.
13. No badly damaged wool or hair, fallen fleeces, or skin, wool, or
hair of the kinds named in Rule 1 shall be opened otherwise than as
permitted by Rule 2.
14. No bale of Van Mohair shall be opened otherwise than as permitted
by Rule 3.
15. _Willowing._--No Alpaca, Pelitan, Cashmere, Persian, Camel Hair, or
Mohair shall be willowed except as permitted by Rule 4.
16. _Wounds._--Any person employed in a place specified in Rule 6, and
having an open cut or sore upon any part of the body, shall immediately
report the fact to the foreman.
17. _Storage of Clothing and Food._--No clothing or food shall be kept
in any place specified in Rule 6.
18. _Meals._--No person shall prepare or partake of food in a place
specified in Rule 6, or in a carding room, or bring any food into such
room.
19. _Washing._--No person employed in any place specified in Rule 6
shall leave the works or partake of meals without previously washing
his or her hands.
20. _Failure of Fan, etc._--If the fan or any other appliance necessary
for the carrying out of these Rules is out of order, any workman
becoming aware of the defect shall immediately report the fact to the
foreman.
ARTHUR WHITELEGGE,
_H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories_.
May 1900.
_Note._--These Rules must be kept posted up in conspicuous
places in the factory to which they apply, where they may be
conveniently read by the persons employed. Any person who is
bound to observe these Rules and fails to do so, or acts in
contravention of them, is liable to a penalty; and in such cases
the occupier also is liable to a penalty, unless he proves that
he has taken all reasonable means by publishing, and to the best
of his power enforcing the Rules, to prevent the contravention
or non-compliance. (Factory and Workshop Act, 1891, Sections 9
and 11.)
Form 384.
FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACTS, 1878 TO 1895.
_SPECIAL RULES._
LUCIFER MATCH FACTORIES IN WHICH WHITE OR YELLOW
PHOSPHORUS IS USED.
_Definitions._--In these Rules “phosphorus process” means mixing,
dipping, drying, boxing, and any other work or process in which White
or Yellow Phosphorus is used; and “persons employed in a phosphorus
process” means any person who is employed in any room or part of the
factory where such a process is carried on.
“Double-dipped matches” means wood splints, both ends of which have
been dipped in the igniting composition.
“Certifying Surgeon” means a Surgeon appointed under the Factory and
Workshop Acts.
Any approval or decision given by the Chief Inspector of Factories in
pursuance of these Rules shall be given in writing, and may at any time
be revoked by notice in writing signed by him.
_Date of Commencement of Certain Rules._--Rules 5 (_a_), 5 (_b_), 6, 8,
and 19, so far as they affect the employment of adult workers, shall
not come into force until the 1st day of October 1900.
DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS.
1. _Plans._--No part of a lucifer match factory shall be constructed,
structurally altered, or newly used for the carrying on of any
phosphorus process, unless the plans have previously been submitted in
duplicate to the Chief Inspector of Factories, and unless he shall have
approved the plans in writing, or shall not, within six weeks from the
submission of the plans, have expressed his disapproval in writing of
the same.
2. Every room in which mixing, dipping, drying, or boxing is carried
on--
_Ventilation._--Shall be efficiently ventilated by means of
sufficient openings to the outer air, and also by means of fans,
unless the use of fans is dispensed with by order in writing of
the Chief Inspector;
_Air Space._--Shall contain at least 400 cubic feet of air
space for each person employed therein; and in computing this
air space no height above 14 feet shall be taken into account;
_Lighting._--Shall be efficiently lighted;
_Floor._--Shall have a smooth and impervious floor. A floor
laid with flagstones or hard bricks in good repair shall be
deemed to constitute a smooth and impervious floor.
3. _Separate Rooms._--(_a_) The processes of mixing, dipping, and
drying shall each be done in a separate and distinct room. The process
of boxing double-dipped matches or matches not thoroughly dry shall
also be done in a separate and distinct room. These rooms shall not
communicate with any other part of the factory unless there shall be
a ventilated space intervening; nor shall they communicate with one
another, except by means of doorways with closely-fitting doors, which
doors shall be kept shut except when some person is passing through.
_Mixing._--(_b_) Mixing shall not be done except in an apparatus so
closed, or so arranged, and ventilated by means of a fan, as to prevent
the entrance of fumes into the air of the mixing room.
_Dipping._--(_c_) Dipping shall not be done except on a slab provided
with an efficient exhaust fan, and with an air inlet between the dipper
and the slab, or with a hood, so arranged as to draw the fumes away
from the dipper, and to prevent them from entering the air of the
dipping room.
_Drying._--(_d_) Matches that have been dipped and cannot at once be
removed to the drying room shall immediately be placed under a hood
provided with an efficient exhaust fan, so arranged as to prevent the
fumes from entering the air of the room.
(_e_) Matches shall not be taken to a boxing room not arranged
in compliance with sub-section (_f_) of this Rule until they are
thoroughly dry, and matches shall not be taken to a boxing room that is
so arranged until they are dried so far as they can be before cutting
down and boxing.
_Boxing._--(_f_) Cutting down of double-dipped matches and boxing of
matches not thoroughly dry shall not be done except at benches or
tables provided with an efficient exhaust fan, so arranged as to draw
the fumes away from the worker and prevent them from entering the air
of the boxing room.
_Mechanical arrangements obviating Hand Labour._--Provided that the
foregoing Rule shall not prevent the employment of any mechanical
arrangement for carrying on any of the above-mentioned processes if the
same be approved by the Chief Inspector as obviating the use of hand
labour, and if it be used subject to the conditions (if any) specified
in such approval.
Provided further, that if the Chief Inspector shall, on consideration
of the special circumstances of any particular case, so approve in
writing, all or any of the provisions of the foregoing Rule may be
suspended for the time named in such approval in writing.
4. _Phosphorus Paste._--Vessels containing phosphorus paste shall, when
not actually in use, be kept constantly covered, and closely fitting
covers or damp flannels shall be provided for the purpose.
5. _Appointed Dentist._--(_a_) For the purposes of these Rules the
occupier shall appoint, subject to the approval of the Chief Inspector,
a duly qualified and registered Dentist, herein termed the Appointed
Dentist.
_Suspension._--It shall be the duty of the Appointed Dentist to suspend
from employment in any phosphorus process any person whom he finds to
incur danger of phosphorus necrosis by reason of defective conditions
of teeth or exposure of the jaw.
_Preliminary Examination._--(_b_) No person shall be newly employed in
a dipping room for more than 28 days, whether such days are consecutive
or not, without being examined by the Appointed Dentist.
_Periodical Examination._--(_c_) Every person employed in a phosphorus
process, except persons employed only as boxers of wax vestas or other
thoroughly dry matches, shall be examined by the Appointed Dentist at
least once in every three months.
_Special Examination in case of Toothache, etc._--(_d_) Any person
employed in the factory complaining of toothache, or a pain or swelling
of the jaw, shall at once be examined by the Appointed Dentist.
_Reference of Cases to Certifying Surgeon._--(_e_) When the Appointed
Dentist has reason to believe that any person employed in the factory
is suffering from inflammation or necrosis of the jaw, or is in such a
state of health as to incur danger of phosphorus necrosis, he shall at
once direct the attention of the Certifying Surgeon and occupier to the
case. Thereupon such person shall at once be examined by the Certifying
Surgeon.
6. _Exclusion of Certain Persons from Employment in Phosphorus
Processes._--No person shall be employed in a phosphorus process--
after suspension by the Appointed Dentist; or
after the extraction of a tooth; or
after any operation involving exposure of the jawbone; or
after inflammation or necrosis of the jaw; or
after examination by the Appointed Dentist in pursuance of Rule
5 (_d_);
or after reference to the Certifying Surgeon in pursuance
of Rule 5 (_e_), unless a certificate of fitness has
been given, after examination, by signed entry in the health
register, by the Appointed Dentist or by the Certifying Surgeon
in cases referred to him under Rule 5 (_e_).
7. _Health Register. Entries by Occupier._--A health register, in
a form approved by the Chief Inspector of Factories, shall be kept by
the occupier, and shall contain a complete list of all persons employed
in each phosphorus process, specifying with regard to each such person
the full name, address, age when first employed, and date of first
employment.
_Entries by Certifying Surgeon._--The Certifying Surgeon will enter
in the health register the dates and results of his examinations of
persons employed in phosphorus processes, and particulars of any
directions given by him.
_Entries by Appointed Dentist._--The Appointed Dentist will enter
in the health register the dates and results of his examinations of the
teeth of persons employed in phosphorus processes, and particulars of
any directions given by him, and a note of any case referred by him to
the Certifying Surgeon.
_Health Register to be produced when required._--The health register
shall be produced at any time when required by H.M. Inspectors of
Factories, or by the Certifying Surgeon, or by the Appointed Dentist.
8. _Preliminary Examination by Certifying Surgeon. Certificate of
Fitness._--Except persons whose names are on the health register
mentioned in Rule 7, and in respect of whom certificates of fitness
shall have been granted, no person shall be newly employed in any
phosphorus process for more than 28 days, whether such days are
consecutive or not, without a certificate of fitness, granted after
examination by the Certifying Surgeon, by signed entry in the health
register.
This Rule shall not apply to persons employed only as boxers of wax
vestas or other thoroughly dry matches.
9. _Overalls._--The occupier shall provide and maintain sufficient
and suitable overalls for all persons employed in phosphorus processes,
except for persons employed only as boxers of wax vestas or other
thoroughly dry matches, and shall cause them to be worn as directed in
Rule 20.
At the end of every day’s work they shall be collected and kept in
proper custody in a suitable place set apart for the purpose.
They shall be thoroughly washed every week, and suitable arrangements
for this purpose shall be made by the occupier.
10. The occupier shall provide and maintain--
(_a_) _Dining-room._--A dining-room, and
(_b_) _Cloak-room._--A cloak-room in which workers can
deposit clothing put off during working hours.
11. _Food._--No person shall be allowed to prepare or partake of
any food or drink in any room in which a phosphorus process is carried
on, nor to bring any food or drink into such room.
12. _Lavatory._--The occupier shall provide and maintain for the
use of the workers a lavatory, with soap, nail-brushes, towels, and
at least one lavatory basin for every five persons employed in any
phosphorus process.
Each such basin shall be fitted with a waste-pipe, or the basins shall
be placed on a trough fitted with a waste-pipe. There shall be a
constant supply of hot and cold water laid on to each basin.
Or, in the place of basins, the occupier shall provide and maintain
enamel or galvanised iron troughs, in good repair, of a total length
of 2 feet for every five persons employed, fitted with waste-pipes
and without plugs, with a sufficient supply of warm water constantly
available.
The lavatory shall be kept thoroughly cleansed, and shall be supplied
with a sufficient quantity of clean towels twice in each day.
_Additional means of Washing where required._--There shall, in
addition, be means of washing in close proximity to the workers in any
department, if so required in writing by the Inspector in charge of the
District.
13. _Mouth-wash._--The occupier shall provide for the use of every
person employed in a phosphorus process an antiseptic mouth-wash
approved by the Appointed Dentist, and a sufficient supply of glasses
or cups.
14. _Cleansing of Floors._--The floor of each room in which a
phosphorus process is carried on shall be cleared of waste at least
once a day, and washed at least once a week.
15. _Copy of Rules to be given to Persons Employed._--A printed copy of
these Rules shall be given to each person on entering upon employment
in a phosphorus process.
DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.
16. _Use of Appliances provided by Occupier under Rule 3._--No person
shall work in a mixing, dipping, drying, or boxing room under other
conditions than those prescribed in Rule 3.
17. _Phosphorus Paste._--No person shall allow a vessel containing
phosphorus paste to remain uncovered except when actually in use.
18. _Medical and Dental Examination._--All persons employed in a
phosphorus process shall present themselves at the appointed times
for examination by the Certifying Surgeon and Appointed Dentist, as
provided in Rules 5, 6, and 8.
19. _Toothache, etc., to be reported. Exclusion from Employment in
Phosphorus Processes._--Every person employed in a phosphorus process
and suffering from toothache or swelling of the jaw: or having had a
tooth extracted, or having undergone any other operation involving
exposure of the jaw, shall at once inform the occupier, and shall not
resume employment in a phosphorus process without a certificate of
fitness from the Appointed Dentist, as provided in Rule 6.
No person, after suspension by the Appointed Dentist, or after
reference to the Certifying Surgeon, shall resume employment in a
phosphorus process without a certificate of fitness, as provided in
Rule 6.
20. _Overalls.-_-Every person employed in a phosphorus process for whom
the occupier is required by Rule 9 to provide overalls shall wear while
at work the overalls so provided.
21. _Washing._--Every person employed in a phosphorus process shall,
before partaking of meals or leaving the premises, deposit the overalls
in the place appointed by the occupier for the purpose, and shall
thoroughly wash in the lavatory.
22. _Food._--No person shall prepare or partake of food or drink in any
room in which a phosphorus process is being carried on, or bring any
food or drink into such room.
23. _Means of Removal of Dust and Fumes not to be interfered
with._--No person shall in any way interfere, without the knowledge
and concurrence of the occupier or manager, with the means and
appliances provided for the removal of dust and fumes.
24. _Foremen to Report Neglect of Rules._--Foremen and forewomen shall
report to the manager any instance coming under their notice of a
worker neglecting to observe these Rules.
ARTHUR WHITELEGGE,
_Chief Inspector of Factories_.
M. W. RIDLEY,
_One of Her Majesty’s Principal
Secretaries of State_.
April 1900.
_Note._--These Rules must be kept posted up in conspicuous
places in the factory to which they apply, where they may
be conveniently read by persons employed. Any person who is
bound to observe these Rules and fails to do so, or acts in
contravention to them, is liable to a penalty, and in such cases
the occupier also is liable to a penalty, unless he proves that
he has taken all reasonable means by publishing, and to the best
of his power enforcing the Rules, to prevent the contravention
or non-compliance. (Factory and Workshop Act, 1891, Sections 9
and 11.)
Form 385.
FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACTS, 1878 TO 1895.
_SPECIAL RULES, for works in which_
LEAD OR ARSENIC IS USED IN THE TINNING AND ENAMELLING
OF METAL HOLLOW WARE AND COOKING UTENSILS.
DUTIES OF OCCUPIERS.
_Washing._--They shall provide washing conveniences, with a
sufficient supply of hot and cold water, soap, nail-brushes, and
towels; and take measures to secure that every worker wash face and
hands before meals and before leaving the works.
_Meals._--They shall see that no food is eaten in any room where
the process of tinning or enamelling is carried on.
DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.
_Washing._--Every worker shall wash face and hands before meals
and before leaving the works.
_Meals._--No worker shall eat food in any room where the process
of tinning or enamelling is carried on.
ARTHUR WHITELEGGE,
_H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories_.
_Note._--These Rules must be kept posted up in conspicuous
places in the factory to which they apply, where they may be
conveniently read by the person employed. Any person who is
bound to observe these Rules and fails to do so, or acts in
contravention of them, is liable to a penalty; and in such cases
the occupier also is liable to a penalty unless he proves that
he has taken all reasonable means by publishing, and to the best
of his power enforcing the Rules, to prevent the contravention
or non-compliance. (Factory and Workshop Act, 1891, Sections 9
and 11.)
Form 386.
FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACTS, 1878 TO 1895.
_SPECIAL RULES._
ELECTRIC ACCUMULATOR WORKS.
DUTIES OF OCCUPIERS.
_Bath, Lavatory._--They shall provide a bath and lavatory
accommodation, with a plentiful supply of hot and cold water, soap,
nail-brushes, and towels.
_Respirators, Overalls._--They shall provide respirators and
overall suits for all persons employed in the operation of mixing.
_Gloves and Aprons._--They shall provide gloves and aprons for all
persons employed in the occupation of rubbing.
They shall see that the gloves are constantly inspected and renewed
when defective.
DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.
In cases where the co-operation of the workers is required for carrying
out the foregoing Rules, and where such co-operation is not given,
the workers shall be held liable in accordance with the Factory and
Workshop Act, 1891, Section 9, which runs as follows:--“If any person
who is bound to observe any special rules established for any factory
or workshop under this Act acts in contravention of, or fails to comply
with, any such special rule, he shall be liable on summary conviction
to a fine not exceeding two pounds.”
_Respirators._--A good respirator is a cambric bag with or
without a thin flexible wire made to fit over the nose.
ARTHUR WHITELEGGE,
_H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories_.
INDEX
Abel, Sir Frederick, process of treating gun-cotton, 600;
on tonite, 611.
Aberdeen, granite workers, suffer from chronic bronchitis, 275.
Abruzzi, lathyrism in the, 235.
Académie de Médecine (Paris), 57, 793.
Académie des Sciences (Paris), 114, 434.
Accident Insurance Associations (Germany), 50, 60, 512.
Accidents, in mines, 11, 12, 33, 157, 158, 161, 200, 508–33, 783;
in textile and non-textile industries, 12, 200;
their prevention in factories, 54;
to occupied and unoccupied males, 164;
on sailing- and steam-ships, 184;
on railways, 190–202;
in agriculture, 236, 783;
in electric works, 260;
caused by grindstones, 412, 784;
to bargemen, 530;
well-sinkers, 542;
quarriers, 560;
in manufacture and use of explosives, 601–9;
in tinplate works, 683;
aerated water works, 687, 786;
to eyes, in industrial occupations, 776–87;
in iron and steel works, 777;
boiler, 787.
Acetylene and its dangers, 497–504.
Acne in rag-grinders, 467.
Actinomycosis, disease caused by infected grain, 248.
Addison, Dr, 382.
Adenitis in label-lickers, 803.
Administrative decrees for sanitary regulation of factories in
France and Belgium, 55, 56.
Admiralty adopts eight hours’ day, 8.
Aerated water works, women employed in, 687–90;
Special Rules, 687, 854;
eye accidents in, 786.
Africa, pellagra in, 235.
Africa, South, enteric fever in, 175, 176, 178.
Africa, West Coast of, 171.
After-damp, in mines, 548–53.
Age, mortality of occupations in relation to, 127–29.
Agriculture, 232–37;
machinery accidents in, 236;
eye accidents, 783.
Agriculturists, 120;
mortality tables, 135, 149.
Ague, brassfounders’, 144, 455–62.
Air, of mines, 540–56;
of jute factories, 657;
diseases due to compressed and stagnant (in caissons, tunnels,
etc.), 728–48;
to diminished pressure of, 749;
to concussion of, 752.
Alabaster quarries, 558.
Albuminate of mercury, 437.
Alcohol and fatigue, 113.
Alcoholism, mortality among cutlers, 138, 595;
glass-makers, 139, 595;
chimney sweeps, 146;
musicians, 151;
hatters, 152;
hairdressers, 153;
tailors, 153, 154;
drapers, 154, 155;
shoemakers, 155, 824;
miners, 157, 160, 161, 405;
occupied and unoccupied men, 164, 595, 720;
in mercantile marine, 183, 185;
predisposes to plumbism, 305, 310;
quarriers, 563;
chemical workers, 572;
file-cutters, copper workers, carpenters, earthenware makers,
595;
brewers, 595, 801;
hecklers and roughers, 697;
agriculturists, cotton operatives, 720;
drivers of public vehicles, 798, 801;
publicans and innkeepers, 801;
coal heavers and trimmers, 808.
Alkali Acts, 588, 597.
Alkali, manufacture of, 582;
hours of workers in, 586.
Alkali Union, 586, 588, 589.
Allahabad, lathyrism at, 235.
Allbutt’s _System of Medicine_, 309, 477, 819, 822.
_Allgm. Medic. Central Zeitung_, 474.
Almaden (Spain), quicksilver mines, 434, 438, 538.
Alpaca, 634.
Alpine tunnels, the, 737–43.
Alström, Mr (Rorstrand Potteries, Stockholm), 363.
Amalgamated Brass-Workers’ Association, 461.
Amberite, sporting powder, 619.
Amblyopia, blindness caused by bisulphide of carbon, 473, 768;
by dinitrobenzine, 482;
in tobacco factories, 768, 769.
America, railways in, 197, 198;
all file-cutting done by machinery, 346;
fireclay mines, 399, 400;
mercurial poisoning from hatters furriers’ processes in, 442;
mining accidents, 521, 522;
alkali works in, 598;
telegraphists’ spasm in, 820.
American, or Blake machine, in shoe-factories, 436, 825.
Ammonia soda process, 583.
Ammonite, for blasting, 619.
Ammonium-nitrate explosives, 603, 605, 606, 612, 615, 619.
Ammunition, manufacture of, 602, 603, 606.
Amorphous, or red, phosphorus, 417–19.
Amvis, for blasting, 619.
Anchylosis, 233.
Anchylostomiasis, 16; in miners, 537;
in tunnel miners (“maladie des tunnels”), 743.
Anderson, Miss A. M., 363, 671.
Andes, the, 749.
Andrews, Dr F. W., pathologist at St Bartholomew’s Hospital, 400;
on tetanus in jute-workers, 659.
Aneurism, affects sailors, 183, 184;
butchers, slaughterers, and tanners, 246;
(popliteal) common in jockeys and grooms, 245.
Aniline, 483, 591.
Aniline dyes, 317.
Ankle drop, a symptom of plumbism, 306.
_Annales d’Hygiène publique_, 442, 448, 806.
_Annales des Mines de Belgique_, 537.
Annealing, in glass manufacture, 805.
_Annuaire de la Législation du Travail_ (Belgium), 45.
_Annual Register_, 192.
Anthracene, 812.
Anthracosis, or miners’ phthisis, 273;
stokers’, 797.
Anthrax (charbon, splenic fever), 13, 19;
in wool-workers, 148, 244, 634–43;
drovers, shepherds, farmers, farriers, veterinary surgeons,
knackers, slaughterers, fell-mongers, hair- and horn-workers,
rag-sorters, plasterers, furriers, felt-workers,
mattress-makers, 244;
brush-workers, 244, 627;
tanners, 244, 246;
its history, 622;
statistics, 623;
outbreaks and notification of, 625, 626;
grouping of cases, 627;
preventive measures, disinfection and treatment, 629–33, 643;
cutaneous, 636;
pulmonary, 637;
intestinal, 641.
Antimony, smelting of, 270;
poisoning by, 324, 325;
compounds of, 592.
Apoplexy, heat, 171, 175, 180;
the “fireman’s frenzy” of stokers, 183, 184.
Appendicitis, 17.
_Arbeiten aus dem Kaiserlichen Gesundheitsamte_, 320, 368, 436,
448, 625, 632.
Arbitration, and Factory Act of 1901, 5;
the principle of, 32;
for mines, 37, 39;
and Special Rules, 65–71;
match manufacturers, 423.
Arbitration Court at Stoke-on-Trent, 363.
_Archiv. de Med. Milit._, 750.
Ardeer, Scotland, nitro-glycerine explosion at, 609.
Arlidge, Dr, _Hygiene and Diseases of Occupations_, 137, 139, 140,
274, 302, 328, 354, 380, 382, 384, 388, 467, 468, 498, 698,
759;
_The Sanitation of Industries and Occupations_, 396.
Armstrong, Dr Henry E., Medical Officer of Health, Newcastle, 328,
753.
Army, health of the, 166–81.
Arnaud, Dr, Marseilles, 424.
Arsenic, used for colouring purposes, 378;
symptoms and treatment of poisoning by, 455;
compounds of, 592;
its effects on eyes, 770;
Special Rules for extraction of, 831.
Arsenical pyrites, 538.
Arseniuretted hydrogen, 750.
Artificially- _v._ breast-fed children, 85.
Artisans and labourers, working-classes divided into, 111.
Asbestos, 25.
Ashanti Expeditions (1873 and 1895–96), “doctors’ wars,” 173, 180,
181.
Ashley, Lord, 33.
Askam separator, for basic slag, 391.
Asprières, Aveyron, lead mining at, 284.
Asquith, H. H., 75, 354, 462, 468.
Asthma, induced by bichromate, 452;
in rag-sorters, 645;
flax-workers, 698;
sawyers, 791.
Ataxia, locomotor, 802.
Atkinson, Dr, Crewe, 796.
Atkinson, W. N., 541.
Atropin, antidote to mushroom poisoning, 237.
Australia, eight hours’ day in, 7;
anchylostomiasis among miners, 537.
Austria, factory legislation in, 46, 51, 54;
inspectorate in, 47, 48;
powers of health authorities, 49–51;
employment of women after childbirth, 54;
lucifer match industry in, 421, 422.
Austrian Industrial Code, 46.
Automatic couplings, on railways, 193, 197, 201.
Babes, Dr, Bucharest, 244.
Bacteriological Laboratory at Dey, Algiers, 803.
Bagehot, Walter, 64.
Baker, Mr, Chief of Factory Department, 35, 81, 696.
Bakers, death rate, 135, 505.
Ballard, Dr, 392.
Ballistite, 600, 619.
Balloonists, military, 750.
Balmskz, Dr, 481.
Bamberg, Dr, Stockholm, 379.
Bands, scroll- or draw-, 225.
Bargemen, accident death rate, 530.
Barium, compounds of, 592.
Barium nitrate, in explosives, 611.
Barium sulphate, 294, 366.
Barmen, high mortality of, 800.
Barometer-making, 439.
Barracks, military, 168.
Bartholomew, Gilbert, Managing Director of Bryant & May, 432.
Basalt or whinstone quarries, 558.
Basic slag, 276, 390–95;
pulmonary symptoms in grinders of, 393;
silicate of cotton made from refuse, 788.
Batch, fused mass of chrome, ironstone, etc., 449.
Bateman, Dr, 434.
Batley, rag-trade at, 644.
Battelli, Dr, Geneva University, 258.
Bayer, Dr, 284.
Beach, Sir Michael Hicks-, 193.
Beaconsfield, Lord, 192.
Bécourt, M., 448.
Bedson, Professor of Chemistry, Newcastle College of Science, 301,
303, 310, 369.
Bee-stings, among field-workers, 236.
Beetling machines (linen manufacture), 695.
Belfast, centre of linen trade, 695.
Belgian Mills Co., Pearson _v._, 213.
Belgian Superior Council of Labour, 14.
Belgium, colliers’ diseases in, 16;
factory legislation and inspectorate in, 47, 49, 51;
employment of women after childbirth, 53;
use of white phosphorus limited in, 60;
fireclay mining in, 399;
lucifer match industry, 421, 424;
phosphorus necrosis in, 428;
mining accidents, 512, 519;
anchylostomiasis in miners, 537;
alkali works, 598;
miners’ nystagmus in, 764;
chimney sweeps, 811.
Bell, Sir Charles, 815.
Bellhangers, death rate, 755.
Bellite, for blasting, 619.
Belts and mill-gearing, 205, 208–11;
shaftings, pulleys, couplings, etc., 209.
Benefit Societies of the Printers and Type-casters of Vienna, 275.
Benzine, and its dinitro compounds, 475.
Benzine, dry cleaning by, 491–3.
_Berg-, Hütten-, und Salinen-wesen im Preussischen Staate,
Zeitschrift für des_, 518, 537.
_Berg- und Hütten-wesen im Königreiche Sachsen, Jahrbuch für das_,
518.
Beriberi, seamen liable to, 183, 187.
_Berichte über die Verwaltung der Knappschafts-Berufsgenossenschaft_,
517.
Berkfeld, his bacterial filter, 175.
Berlin, printers in, 325;
manufacture of incandescent electric lamps in, 439.
Berlin International Conference on Factories, 40.
_Berlin. Klin. Wochenschrift_, 805.
Bermondsey, case of anthrax in, 629.
Bernard, Claude, 550.
Bert, Paul, French physiologist, 736.
Bertarelli, M., 431.
Berthelot, Professor, 599.
Besançon process for treating white lead, 290, 294.
Bessemer metal, heat of, 772.
Bessemer process of steel manufacture, 758.
Bevel wheels (mill-gearing), 212, 217.
Bichât Hospital, Paris, lead colic patients in, 320.
Bichloride of mercury (corrosive sublimate), 442, 443.
Bichromate of potassium and sodium (bichromes), lesions resulting
from manufactureand use of, 447–54;
Special Rules for manufacture, 844.
Bilston, hollow ware tinning and enamelling works at, 319.
Birmingham, infant mortality, in, 78;
iron-plate enamelling at, 317;
sheet glass manufacture in, 804.
_Birmingham Medical Review_, 458.
Birmingham, Dr C. L., _Ganister Disease_, 396, 399.
Birtwistle, Hindle _v._, 214.
Bischof process, in white lead manufacture, 292.
Biscuit, earthenware after its first firing, 348, 383.
Bismarck brown pigment, 483.
Bisulphide of carbon, poisoning by, 19, 42, 481;
used in indiarubber works, 470, 855;
causes peripheral neuritis, 472;
and toxic hysteria, 473;
its effects on eyes, 768;
Special Rules for use of, 855.
Bituminous coal mines, America, 522.
Blackbeck, Haverthwaite, gunpowder explosions at, 608, 609.
Blackburn, cotton spinning at, 706;
death rate of cotton operatives in, 718.
Blackburn Observatory, daily records of moisture in weaving sheds,
710.
Black-damp, in mines, 540–45.
Blackman’s ventilating fan, 698.
Blacksmiths, their diseases and death rate, 135, 757.
Blackwall Tunnel, 730.
Blake sole-stitching machine, 436, 825.
Blanket-stoving, 648;
causes bronchitis and emphysema, 649.
Blast furnacemen, their diseases, 756.
Blasting explosives, 559, 619;
fumes produced in mines by, 536;
eye accident from, 784.
Blasting gelatine (nitro-cotton dissolved into nitro-glycerine),
555, 559, 614, 619.
Blaudet, M., 468.
Bleach packers, 577, 578.
Bleaching linen, 695.
Bleaching powder, manufacture of, 574–80;
hours of work, etc., 587.
Blindness, caused by accidents, 776.
Bloomfontein, 178.
Blowing room (cotton spinning), 702.
Blue and white beds, in a lead factory, 289.
Blyth, Wynter, 310.
Board of Trade, and railways, 191–202.
Bobbin-turners (jute works), 652.
Boers, the, 179.
Bohemia, ergotism in, 234;
lucifer match works in, 422.
Boiler Explosives Act, 565.
Boilermakers, their deafness, 752;
their health, 753, 754.
Boilermakers’ Society, 752.
Bolam, Dr R. A., 274, 277, 337, 792.
Bolt-heads and bolts for mill-gearing, 209.
Bones, fragility of, in lucifer match makers, 425.
Bookbinders, death rate, 150.
Bootmaking, 822.
Bottlers, of aerated water, 687;
eye accidents to, 786.
Bouquet, M., 57.
Bourgeois, _La Pustule Maligne et L’Œdème Malin_, 636.
Bournemouth, horses killed by electric shock at, 256.
Boyce, Professor, 629.
Boys, Professor C. V., 259.
Bradford, School Board and Board of Guardians Conference at, 91;
wool industry at, 634.
Brain work, and brain fatigue, 109.
Brakesmen, railway, 195.
Brandt, of Hamburg, discovers white or yellow phosphorus, 418.
Brandt, Brandau et Cie., Zurich, 740.
Brass, manufacture of, 455–66.
Brass-casters, 455, 461.
Brass cocks, buffing of, 371.
Brassfounders’ ague, 144, 455–62.
Brass-workers, death rate, 135, 144;
more unhealthy than copper-, 468;
Special Rules, 850.
Brass-workers’ Organisation, 460.
Brazil, pellagra in, 235.
Breaker card (jute), 653;
(flax), 694.
Breaker-mills, for ganister crushing, 397.
Brewers, death rate, 594, 595, 801.
Brickearth quarries, 558.
Bricklayers, death rate, 135;
eye accidents, 784, 785.
Bridges, Dr, Inspector of Factories, 705.
Bright’s disease, miners subject to, 157.
Brigue (Simplon Tunnel), 740, 741.
Brimstone, blanket-stoving with, 648.
Brine works (Germany), accidents in, 513–15.
_British Association Report_, 538.
British Medical Association, 73, 75, 87, 796.
_British Medical Journal_, 75, 109, 258, 308, 425, 466, 482, 502,
550, 766, 769, 809.
Brocoorens, Dr, Grammont, 424.
Broken Hill, Australia, lead mining at, 283, 538.
Bromsgrove, nail-making at, 759.
Bronchial affections, among porcelain- and cement-makers, masons,
274;
blast furnacemen, 756;
glass-makers, 805.
Bronchitis, in seamen, 183;
field-workers, 234;
Aberdeen granite workers, 275;
typographers, 329, 330;
coal and metal miners, 535;
rag-sorters, 645;
blanket-stovers, 649;
jute-workers, 660;
jam-makers, 680;
occupied and unoccupied males, agriculturists, cotton operatives,
720;
boilermakers, shipwrights, 754;
sawyers, 791;
engine drivers, 796.
Bronzing, dry, 268;
brass, 465.
Brooklyn Suspension Bridge, 731, 734.
Brose, Dr, 773.
Brown, Dr Ed., 26.
Brunel, 191;
his use of caissons, 731.
Brünner, Mond, & Co., 583, 587, 588, 597.
Bruntscliffe, Yorks., gunpowder explosion at Victoria Colliery,
608.
Brush-workers, 244;
anthrax in, 627.
Bryant & May, 425, 427, 432;
their allowance to necrosis patients, 20.
Buchanan, Dr George, Medical Officer Local Government Board, 467,
705.
Buckingham, Duke of, 192.
Buda Pesth, manufacture of incandescent electric lamps at, 439;
steam roller system of milling, 505.
Budd, Dr William, 623.
Buffing, of brass cocks, and plumbism, 371;
of silver, eye affections, 771.
Buhrstone, French, 405–7, 784.
Bulhurst coal seam, North Staff., 555.
_Bulletin de l’Inspection du Travail_ (France), 45, 294.
_Bulletin Médical_, 803.
Bunsen burner, 546.
Burgess, Dr Duncan, Senior Physician, Sheffield Royal Hospital,
409.
Burkitt, Dr, 554.
Burnishers of silver, eye affections, 771.
Burns, John, M.P., 14.
Burslem potteries, 346.
Busquet, Surgeon-Major, French Army, 803.
Butchers, 245.
Butlin, Henry T., Surgeon St Bartholomew’s Hospital, _Cancer of the
Scrotum in Chimney Sweeps_, 809, 811, 812.
Byssinosis, lung disease from inhaling cotton particles, 273.
Cabmen, and alcoholism, 798, 801.
Cage hoists, 220.
Caisson disease (compressed air illness), 537, 728–35;
its treatment, 735.
Caissons, for well-boring, bridge-building, etc., 728–31.
Calcium carbide, 497, 499–501.
Calcott, Dr, Newcastle Asylum at Cox Lodge, 799.
Calender machine, adapted to laundry work, 666.
Calico-printing, 317, 447.
Calliard or ganister stone, 396.
Calomel (the subchloride of mercury), 442, 443.
Camel’s wool or hair, 634.
Campbell and Greenwood’s guard, 229.
Camphor, 792.
Canada, use of corundum stone in, 813.
Cancer, affects glass-makers, 139;
chimney sweeps, 146, 809;
wool-workers, 148;
bookbinders, 150;
shoemakers, 155;
miners, 158, 161, 162;
occupied and unoccupied men, 164;
field-workers, 234;
gardeners, 237;
boilermakers, and shipwrights, 754;
workers in tar and paraffin, 812.
Cannonite, 619.
Carbide of calcium, 497, 499–501.
Carbon, all explosives contain, 610.
Carbon bisulphide, _see_ bisulphide of carbon.
Carbon monoxide, 610;
in tunnels, 744.
Carbonate of lead (_céruse_), 288, 292.
Carbonators, 291.
Carbonic acid (carbon dioxide), in mines, 544–46;
in weaving sheds, 713;
in tunnels, 744.
Carbonic anhydride, 610.
Carbonic oxide, or carbon monoxide, 536, 548–55.
Carbonising, process applied to cotton rags, 646.
Carbonite, blasting explosive, 555, 620.
Carding, jute, 653;
flax, 698;
cotton, 703.
Cardio-vascular disease, in quarriers, 563.
Carmarthen, tinplate works at, 681.
Carotting, brushing rabbit skins, 438, 441, 442, 446.
Carpenters, death rate, 594, 595;
subject to contracted tendons, hernia, varicocele, 791.
Carpet manufacturers, death rate, 135.
Carr, Henry, _Our Domestic Poisons_, 379.
Carragheen moss, Irish, 695.
Carriage wheels, 225.
Cartmen, 238.
Casters, printing trade, lead dust, 275;
transfer making, 455, 461.
Castings of iron or steel, 780.
Casualties at sea, 184.
Catania, 112.
Cataract, in glass blowers, 773, 806.
Cats, diphtheria caught from, 247;
experiments with benzine and toluene on, 476.
Cattani, discovers tetanus bacilli, 241.
Cattle, anthrax in, 624.
Caustic soda, manufacture of, 573.
“Cavalryman’s leg,” 245.
Celluloid, manufacture of, 792.
Cement dust, diseases caused by, 274.
Centanni, Professor, and hydrophobia, 244.
_Céruse_ (carbonate of lead), 288, 292.
Ceylon, 173.
Chabert, Dr, 623.
Chadwick, Sir Edwin, 26.
Chaff-cutting machines, 224;
eye accidents, 783.
Chain and nail making, 758.
Chalicosis, or silicosis, lung disease due to dust, etc., 273.
Chalk quarries, 558.
Chamberland, Pasteur-, his bacterial filter, 175.
_Chambers’ Encyclopædia_, 399.
Chance’s process, in sulphur manufacture, 582.
Charbon or anthrax, _see_ anthrax.
Charcoal, 811.
Charcot, Dr, 481.
Chauveau, M.A., 114, 630.
Chemical industry, causes of its decline in England, 5;
its decay on Tyneside, 6;
a survey of, 566–98;
table of average hours of labour and wages in, 585;
output method of wage-paying, 589;
health of workers in, 592–98;
Special Rules for, 843.
Chepstow, use of caissons at, 731.
Chert quarries, 558.
Cheshire salt mines, 508.
Chester, tobacco factory at, 769.
Chevallier, Dr, 448.
Cheyne-Stokes respiration, 478.
Chick-pea (lathyrus), 235.
Child-birth, employment of women in factories after, 53, 54.
Child-labour, 90–97.
Children, high mortality of lead-workers’, 303.
Children’s Employment Commission (1862), Report of, 35.
Chimney sweeps, death rate, 135, 145;
cancer in, 146, 809;
pulmonary, kidney, and heart disease in, 808;
their ablutions, 811.
China, or porcelain, 349.
China clay, 347, 382, 558.
China manufacturers, 36, 43;
death rate, 135;
liable to pulmonary disease and phthisis, 382–89;
Special Rules for, 834–41.
China-red powder, 370.
Chipping in iron and steel works, 779–82.
Chlorate of potass, 419, 420.
Chlorate mixtures, as explosives, 602.
Chlorine, 574–80, 583.
Choquet, Dr, 326.
Chromate of lead, 315.
Chromate of potassium, Special Rules for manufacture of, 844.
Chrome dyes, 315–17.
Chrome holes, ulcers caused by bichromate, 453.
Chrome ironstone, 449.
Chromo-lithographic works and transfer making, 365.
Cigar manufacture, 793;
a proper industry for women, 795.
Cincinnati, tobacco works in, 769.
_Cincinnati Lancet Clinic_, 769.
Cinnabar, 434;
extraction of quicksilver from, 438.
Circular saw, 227.
Circulatory diseases, among gunsmiths, steel-, zinc-, and
brass-workers, chimney sweeps, coopers, wood-turners, rope
makers, bricklayers, masons, carpet makers, tin- and
wool-workers, locksmiths, bakers, 135;
blacksmiths, 135, 757;
earthenware- and china-workers, 135, 136, 595;
glass-makers, 135, 139, 595;
copper-workers, 135, 140, 595;
iron-workers, 135, 141;
lead-workers, 135, 143, 595;
stone quarriers, 135, 143;
cutlers, file-makers, cotton operatives, 135, 595;
bookbinders, 150;
printers, musicians, 151;
miners, 158, 161;
brewers, carpenters, chemical workers, 595;
occupied and unoccupied males, 595, 720;
agriculturists, 720;
boilermakers and shipwrights, 754.
Cirrhosis of liver, in barmen, 801.
Cirrhosis of lung (potters’ phthisis), 389.
Classification of industries, 123.
Clay quarries, 558.
Claybury Asylum, Essex, 308.
Clichy (France), white lead works at, 311, 312.
Climbing boys, in chimney sweeping, 810, 811.
_Clinical Journal_, 746.
Cloth manufacture, 644.
Clowes, _Detection of Inflammable Gas_, 546.
Coachmen, liable to glanders and farcy, 238.
Coachpainters, and plumbism, 338.
Coal, four kinds of heating, 811.
Coal-dust, an explosive agent, 526.
Coal heavers and trimmers, subject to alcoholism, phthisis, and
pulmonary diseases, 808.
Coal miners, comparison of night and day shift work, 9;
and Workmen’s Compensation Act, 10, 11;
death rate of, 158;
technical education of, 529;
their diseases, 533–39;
more healthy than metal-, 534;
nystagmus, 761–64;
eye accidents to, 783.
Coal mines, accidents in,--Germany, 511–19;
France, 512, 520;
Belgium, 512, 519;
Italy, 520;
America, 521;
England, 523–28;
death rate from explosions, 525;
falls of coal and roof (“backbye” accidents), 526, 527;
safety lamps, 527;
transport and shaft accidents, 528;
explosions and explosives in, 548, 615–18.
Coal Mines Act (1850 and 1855), 33;
(1860), 34, 199;
(1872), 34, 37;
(1881 and 1887), 38;
Regulation Act, 511, 517, 529.
Coal Mines, Royal Commission (1862–4) on, 38.
Coalport China Co., 360.
Coal tar, in indiarubber work, 470;
its products, 590;
eye accidents from, 770.
Cobalt, oxide of, 348.
Colefax, M., 363.
Colic, an early symptom of plumbism, 15, 305;
of electricians, 320;
file-cutters, 343;
brass-workers, 460;
copper-workers, 468.
Collars, for mill-gearing, 209.
Collings, Jesse, 361.
Colour grinders, lead insanity, 308;
mixers, and plumbism, 335.
Colour and paint factories, 447;
Special Rules for, 831.
Combe’s method, for treating white lead, 290, 313.
_Comité Consultatif d’Hygiène_, 294.
_Commission Supérieure du Travail dans l’Industrie_, 49.
Compensation Acts, Workmen’s, 224.
Compositors, _see_ typographers.
Compositors, London Society of, 328;
Mortality Table, 330.
Compressed and stagnant air, diseases due to working in, 728–48.
Concussion of the air, effects of, 752.
Conductors, of electricity, 251, 252.
Confectioners, death rate, 135;
liable to caries of the teeth, ophthalmia, etc., 798.
_Congrès International des Accidents du Travail_ (Brussels), 14.
Conjunctivitis, due to dusty occupations, 783;
to lime, 785.
_Conseil de Salubrité_, 36.
Converters, in steel works, 757.
Cooks, in mercantile marine, 189;
health of domestic, 798.
Coopers, death rate, 135.
Cope Bros., tobacco manufacturers, 769.
Copper, arsenites of, 379.
Copper-miners, death rate, 156, 162;
a healthy occupation, 538.
Copper-smelting, 466–69.
Copper-workers, death rate, 135, 139, 594, 595;
their occupation less dangerous than that of brass-, 468.
Cops, for jute yarn, 654.
_Corchorus capsularis, C. olitarus_, jute fibre obtained from, 650.
Cordite, 599, 600, 619.
Cornbrook, Manchester, lyddite explosion at, 609.
Cornish clay, 347, 382.
Cornwall, tin miners, 162;
liable to phthisis, bronchitis, and pneumonia, 535;
intermarriage among quarriers in, 562.
Corrosive sublimate (bichloride of mercury), 437, 442, 443.
Corundum stone, for emery wheels, 813.
Cotton, manufacture of, 702–23.
Cotton Cloth Factories Act, 679, 706, 713.
Cotton dust, 276, 715.
Cotton factories, standard purity of air in, 41;
machinery in, 703;
humidity of the air in, 707–14.
Cotton famine in Lancashire, 75.
Cotton operatives, death rate, 135, 147;
(Blackburn), 721.
Cotton powder, or tonite, 620.
Cotton rags, 644.
Council of Hygiene (Paris), 327.
Couplings, automatic, on railways, 193, 197, 201;
for mill-gearing, 209.
Courtois, 293.
Courtois-Suffit, Dr, 431.
Coventry, prostration of trade (1861) in, 75;
sale of Godfrey’s cordial and opiates in, 79, 80.
Cowmen, 246, 247.
Cowpox, or vaccinia, cowmen and dairymaids liable to, 246.
Cows, communicate tuberculosis, diphtheria, scarlet fever, and
ringworm, 247.
Cradley Heath, chain making at, 759.
Craig, Montrose, nitro-glycerine explosion at, 607, 608.
Cramp, W. D., Factory Inspector, 354, 695.
Cranes, winches, etc., 221.
Crarae Quarry, Loch Fyne, gunpowder explosion at, 611.
Crèche, the, its proper sphere, 83;
for flax-workers, 701.
Cripps, Mr, K.C., 363.
Crocus, a fine powder for polishing steel, 411.
Crommelin, Louis, sketch of the Irish linen trade, 691.
Crouch ware, 347.
Cumberland, ironstone mines, 161;
lead mines, 283.
Cummings, D. C., Secretary Boilermakers’ Society, 753.
Cundill, Colonel, 607.
Cunningham, Dr George, 417.
Curgenven, Mr, 80.
Curing, in indiarubber works, 768.
Currents, electrical, 251.
Curtis’ and Harvey’s sporting powder, 611.
Cutlers, death rate, 135, 137, 594, 595.
Cutler’s glazer, or emery wheel, 412, 777, 813.
Cutlery, scale tang, 413.
Cyanide of potassium, in gold mining, 509;
in glazed ware, 807.
Cyanides, the, 592.
Cymmer, Glamorganshire, dynamite explosion at, 608.
Dairymaids, 246, 247.
Dangerous trades, or industries, historical sketch of legislation
for, 24–43;
their regulation in chief countries of Europe, 44–62;
Special Rules for, 59, 827–64;
principles of prospective legislation for, 63–72.
Dangerous Trades Committee, 14, 57, 68, 260, 316, 338–40, 342, 343,
345, 346, 405, 406, 687, 757, 758, 784, 786, 789, 803, 813.
D’Arsonval, Dr, 258, 263.
Darwin, 94.
Davaine, and the anthrax bacillus, 623.
Davidson’s ventilating fan, 698.
Davis, Bremner, 258.
Deacon’s process for treating bleaching powder, 575, 578–80.
Deafness, in jute-workers, 660;
boilermakers and riveters, 752.
Dealers in alcoholic drinks, high mortality of, 800.