Por quanto al tiempo que yo, Don Hernando Cortés, capitan general é

Governador desta nueva España é sus provincias por S. Magᵈ, pasé á

estas partes conciertos Navíos é gente para las pacificar é poblar

y traher las gentes della al dominio y servidumbre de la Corona

Imperial de S. M. como al presente está, y despues de á ellos

benido tuve noticia de un gran Señor, que en esta gran cibdad de

Tenextitan residió, y hera Señor della, y de todas las demas

provincias y tierras á ella comarcanas, que se llamaba Moteçuma, al

qual hize saber mi venida, y como lo supo por los Mensageros que le

envié para que me obedeciese en nombre de S. M. y se ofreciese por

su vasallo: Tuvo por bien la dicha mi venida, é por mejor mostrar

su buen celo y voluntad de servir á S. M., y obedecer lo que por

mí en su Real nombre le fuese mandado, me mostró mucho amor, é

mandó, que per todas las partes que pasasen los Españoles hasta

llegar á esta Cibdad se nos hiciese mui buen acogimiento, y se nos

diese todo lo que hubiesemos menester, como siempre se hizo, y mui

mejor despues que á esta cibdad llegámos, donde fuímos mui bien

recevidos, yo y todos los que en mi compañía benímos; y aun mostró

haberle pesado mucho de algunos recuentros y batallas que en el

camino se me ofreciéron antes de la llegada á esta dicha cibdad,

queriéndose él desculpar dello; y que de lo demas dicho para

efetuar y mostrar mejor su buen deseo, huvo por bien el dicho

Moteçuma de estar debajo de la obediencia de S. M., y en mi poder á

manera de preso asta que yo hiciese relacion á S. M., y del estado

y cosas destas partes, y de la voluntad del dicho Moteçuma; y que

estando en esta paz y sosiego, y teniendo yo pacificada esta dicha

tierra docientas leguas y mas hacia una parte y otra con el sello y

seguridad del dicho señor Moteçuma, por la voluntad y amor que

siempre mostró al servicio de S. M., y complacerme á mi en su real

nombre, hasta mas de un año, que se ofreció la venida de Pánfilo de

Narvaez, que los alborotó y escandalizó con sus dañadas palabras y

temores que les puso; por cuyo respeto se levantó contra el dicho

señor Moteçuma un hermano suyo, llamado Auit Lavaci, Señor de

Iztapalapa, y con mucha gente que traxo assí hizo mui cruda guerra

al dicho Moteçuma y á mí y á los Españoles que en mi compañía

estavan, poniéndonos mui recio cerco en los aposentos y casas donde

estavamos; y para quel dicho su hermano y los principales que con

él venian cesasen la dicha guerra y alzasen el cerco, se puso de

una ventana el dicho Moteçuma, y estándoles mandando y amonestando

que no lo hiciesen, y que fuesen vasallos de S. M. y obedeciesen

los mandamientos que yo en su real nombre le mandaba, le tiráron

con muchas hondas, y le diéron con una piedra en le cabeza, que le

hiciéron mui gran herida; y temiendo de morir della, me hizo

ciertos razonamientos, trayéndome á la memoria que por el

entrañable amor que tenia al servicio de S. M. y á mí en su Real

nombre y á todos los Españoles, padecia tantas heridas y afrentas,

lo qual dava por bien empleado; y que si él de aquella herida

fallecia, que me rogava y encargaba muy afetuosamente, que aviendo

respeto á lo mucho que me queria y deseava complacer, tuviese por

bien de tomar á cargo tres hijas suyas que tenia, y que las hiciese

bautizar y mostrar nuestra doctrina, porque conocia que era mui

buena; á las quales, despues que yo gané esta dicha cibdad, hize

luego bautizar, y poner por nombres á la una que es la mayor, su

legítima heredera, Doña Isabel, y á las otras dos, Doña María y

Doña Marina; y estando en finamiento de la dicha herida me tornó á

llamar y rogar mui ahincadamente, que si él muriese, que quirase

por aquellas hijas, que eran las mejores joyas que él me daba, y

que partiese con ellas de lo que tenia, por que no quedasen

perdidas, especialmente á la mayor, que esta queria él mucho; y que

si por ventura Dios le escapaba de aquella enfermedad, y le daba

Victoria en aquel cerco, que él mostraria mas largamente el deseo

que tenia de servir á S. M. y pagarme con obras la voluntad y amor

que me tenia; y que demas desto yo hiciese relacion á su Magestad

de como me dexaba estas sus hijas, y le suplicase en su nombre se

sirviese de mandarme que yo mirase por ellas y las tuviese so mi

amparo y administracion, pues él hera tan servidor y vasallo de S.

M. y siempre tuvo mui buena voluntad á los Españoles, como yo havia

visto y via, y por el amor que les tenia le havian dado el pago que

tenia, aunque no le pesaba dello. Y aun en su lengua me dixo, y

entre estos razonamientos que encargaba la conciencia sobre

ello.--Por ende acatando los muchos servicios que el dicho Señor

Moteçuma hizo á S. M. en las buenas obras que siempre en su vida me

hizo, y buenos tratamientos de los Españoles que en mi compañía yo

tenia en su real nombre, y la voluntad que me mostró en su real

servicio; y que sin duda él no fué parte en el levantamiento desta

dicha cibdad, sino el dicho su hermano; antes se esperaba, como yo

tenia por cierto, que su vida fuera mucha ayuda para que la tierra

estuviera siempre mui pacífica, y vinieran los naturales della en

verdadero conocimiento, y se sirviera S. M. con mucha suma de pesos

de oro y joyas y otras cosas, y por causa de la venida del dicho

Narvaez y de la guerra que el dicho su hermano Auit Lavaci levantó,

se perdiéron; y considerando así mismo que Dios nuestro señor y S.

M. son mui servidos que en estas partes planté nuestra santíssima

Religion, como de cada dia la en crecimiento: Y que las dichas

hijas de Moteçuma y los demas Señores y principales y otras

personas de los naturales desta Nueva España se les dé y muestre

toda la mas y mejor Dotrina que fuere posible, para quitarlos de

las idolatrías en que hasta aquí han estado, y traerlos al

verdadero conocimiento de nuestra sancta fee cathólica,

especialmente los hijos de los mas principales, como lo era este

Señor Moteçuma, y que en esto se descargava la conciencia de S. M.

y la mia; en su real nombre tuve por bien de azetar su ruego, y

tener en mi casa á las dichas tres sus hijas, y hacer, como he

hecho, que se les haga todo el mejor tratamiento y acogimiento que

ha podido, haciéndoles administrar y enseñar los mandamientos de

nuestra santa fe cathólica y las otras buenas costumbres de

Christianos, para que con mejor voluntad y amor sirvan á Dios

nuestro Señor y conozcan y los Artículos della, y que los demas

naturales tomen exemplo. Me pareció que segun la calidad de la

persona de la dicha Doña Isabel, que es la mayor y legítima

heredera del dicho Señor Moteçuma, y que mas encargada me dejó, y

que su edad requeria tener compañía, le he dado por marido y esposo

á una persona de honra, Hijo-Dalgo, y que ha servido á S. M. en mi

compañía dende el principio que á estas partes pasó, teniendo por

mí y en nombre de S. M. cargos y oficios mui honrosos, así de

Contador y mi lugartheniente de Capitan Governador como de otras

muchas, y dado dellas mui buena cuenta, y al presente está á su

administracion el cargo y oficio de visitador general de todos los

Indios desta dicha Nueva España, el qual se dice y nombre Alonso

Grado, natural de la villa de Alcantara. Con la qual dicha Doña

Isabel le prometo y doi en dote y arras á la dicha Doña Isabel y

sus descendientes, en nombre de S. M., como su Governador y Capitan

General destas partes, y porque de derecho le pertenece de su

patrimonio y legítima, el Señorío y naturales del Pueblo de Tacuba,

que tiene ciento é veinte casas; y Yeteve, que es estancia que

tiene quarenta casas; y Izqui Luca, otra estancia, que tiene otras

ciento y veinte casas; y Chimalpan, otra estancia, que tiene

quarenta casas; y Chapulma Loyan, que tiene otras quarenta casas; y

Escapucaltango, que tiene veinte casas; é Xiloango, que tiene

quarenta casas; y otra estancia que se dice Ocoiacaque, y otra que

se dice Castepeque, y otra que se dice Talanco, y otra estancia que

se dice Goatrizco, y otra estancia que se dice Duotepeque, y otra

que se dice Tacala, que podrá haver en todo mil y docientas y

quarenta casas; las quales dichas estancias y pueblos son subjetos

al pueblo de Tacuba y al Señor della. Lo qual, como dicho es, doy

en nombre de S. M. en dote y arras á la dicha Doña Isabel para que

lo haya y tenga y goce por juro de heredad, para agora y para

siempre jamas, con título de Señora de dicho Pueblo y de lo demas

aquí contenido. Lo qual le doy en nombre de S. M. por descargar su

Real conciencia y la mia en su nombre.--Por esta digo; que no le

será quitado ni removido por cosa alguna, en ningun tiempo, ni por

alguna manera; y para mas saneamiento prometo y doy mi fe en nombre

de S. M., que si se lo escriviese, le haré relacion de todo, para

que S. M. se sirva de confirmar esta Merced de la dicha Doña Isabel

y á los dichos sus herederos y subcesores del dicho Pueblo de

Tacuba y lo demas aquí contenido, y de otras estancias á él

subjetas, que están en poder de algunos Españoles, para que S. M.

asimismo se sirva demandárselas dar y confirmar juntamente con las

que al presente le doy; que por estar, como dicho es, en poder de

Españoles, no se las dí hasta ver si S. M. es dello servido; y doy

por ninguna y de ningun valor y efeto qualquier cédula de

encomienda y depósito que del dicho pueblo de Tacuba y de las otras

estancias aquí contenidas y declaradas yo aya dado á qualquiera

persona; por quanto yo en nombre de S. M. las revoco y lo restituyo

y doi á la dicha Doña Isabel, para que lo tenga como cosa suya

propia y que de derecho le pertenece. Y mando á todas y qualesquier

personas, vecinos y moradores desta dicha Nueva España, estantes y

habitantes en ella, que hayan y tengan á la dicha Doña Isabel por

Señora del dicho pueblo de Tacuba con las dichas estancias, y que

no le impidan ni estorven cosa alguna della, so pena de quinientos

pesos de oro para la cámara y fino de S. Magᵈ.--Fecho á veinte y

siete dias del mes de Junio de mil y quinientos y veinte y seis

años.--Don Hernando de Cortés.--Por mandado del Governador mi

señor.--Alonso Baliente.

No. XIII.--See vol. iii. p. 257.

MILITARY CODE: DATED AT TLASCALA, DEC. 22, 1520

[These Regulations, proclaimed by Cortés at Tlascala on the eve of the

final march against Mexico, show the careful discipline established in

his camp, and, to some extent, the nature of his military policy. The

Code forms part of the collection of Muñoz.]

ORDENANZAS MILITARES

Este día á voz de pregonero publicó sus Ordenanzas, cuyo proemio es

este.

Porque por muchas escrituras y crónicas auténticas nos es notorio

é manifiesto quanto los antiguos que siguiéron el exercicio de la

guerra procuráron é travaxáron de introducir tales y tan buenas

costumbres y ordenaciones, con las cuales y con su propia virtud y

fortaleza pudiesen alcanzar y conseguir victoria y próspero fin en

las conquístas y guerras, que hobiesen de hacer é seguir; é por el

contrario vemos haber sucedido grandes infortunios, desastres, é

muertes á los que no siguiéron la buena costumbre y órden que en la

guerra se debe tener; e les haber sucedido semejantes casos con

poca pujanza de los enemigos, segun parece claro por muchos

exemplos antiguos é modernos, que aquí se podrian espresar; é

porque la órden es tan loable, que no tan solamente en las cosas

humanas mas aun en las divinas se ama y sigue, y sin ella ninguna

cosa puede haber cumplido efecto, como que ello sea un principio,

medio, y fin para el buen reximiento de todas las cosas: Por ende

yo, H. C. Capitan general é Justicia mayor en esta Nueva España del

mar occéano por el mui alto, mui poderoso, é mui católico D. Cárlos

nuestro Señor, electo Rey de Romanos, futuro Emperador semper

Augusto, Rey de España é de otros muchos grandes reynos é Señoríos,

considerando todo lo suso dicho, y que si los pasados falláron ser

necesario hacer Ordenanzas é costumbres por donde se rigiesen é

gobernasen aquellos que hubiesen de seguir y exercer el uso de la

guerra, á los Españoles que en mi compañía agora están é estubiesen

é á mí nos es mucho mas necesario é conveniente seguir y observar

toda la mejor costumbre y órden que nos sea posible, así por lo que

toca al servicio de Dios nuestro Señor y de la sacra Católica

Magestad, como por tener por enemigos y contrarios á la mas

belicosa y astuta gente en la guerra é de mas géneros de armas que

ninguna otra generacion, especialmente por ser tanta que no tiene

número, é nosotros tan pocos y tan apartados y destituidos de todo

humano socorro; viendo ser mui necesario y cumplidero al servicio

de su Cesarea Magestad é utilidad nuestra, Mandé hacer é hicemas

Ordenanzas que de yuso serán contenidas é irán firmadas de mì

nombre é del infrascrito en la manera siguiente.

PRIMERAMENTE, por quanto por la experiencia que habemos visto é

cada dia vemos quanta solicitud y vigilancia los naturales de estas

partes tienen en la cultura y veneracion de sus ídolos, de que á

Dios nuestro Señor se hace gran deservicio, y el demonio por la

ceguedad y engaño en que los trae es de ellos muy venerado; y en

los apartar de tanto error é idolatría y en los reducir al

conocimiento de nuestra Santa Fe católica nuestro Señor será muy

servido, y demas de adquirir gloria para nuestras ánimas con ser

causa que de aquí adelante no se pierdan ni condenen tantos, acá en

lo temporal seria Dios siempre en nuestra ayuda y socorro: por

ende, con toda la justicia que puedo y debo, exhorto y ruego á

todos los Españoles que en mi compañía fuesen á esta guerra que al

presente vamos, y á todas las otras guerras y conquistas que en

nombre de S. M. por mi mandado hubiesen de ir, que su principal

motivo é intencion sea apartar y desarraigar de las dichas

idolatrías á todos los naturales destas partes, y reducillos, ó á

lo menos desear su salvacion, y que sean reducidos al conocimiento

de Dios y de su Santa Fe católica; porque si con otra intencion se

hiciese la dicha guerra, seria injusta, y todo lo que en ella se

oviese Onoloxio é obligado á restitucion, é S. M. no ternia razon

de mandar gratificar á los que en ellas sìrviesen. É sobre ello

encargo la conciencia á los dichos Españoles, é desde ahora

protesto en nombre de S. M. que mi principal intencion é motivo en

facer esta guerra é las otras que ficiese por traer y reducir á los

dichos naturales al dicho conocimiento de nuestra Santa Fe é

creencia; y despues por los sozjugar é supeditar debajo del yugo é

dominio imperial é real de su Sacra Magestad, á quien juridicamente

el Señorío de todas estas partes.

Yt. En por quanto de los reniegos é blasfemias Dios nuestro Señor

es mucho deservido, y es la mayor ofensa que á su Santísimo nombre

se puede hacer, y por eso permite en las gentes recios y duros

castigos; y no basta que seamos tan malos que por los inmensos

beneficios que de cada dia dél recibimos no le demos gracias, mas

decimos mal é blasfemamos de su santo nombre; y por evitar tan

aborrecible uso y pecado, mando que ninguna persona, de qualquiera

condicion que sea, no sea osado decir, No creo en Dios, ni Pese, ni

Reniego, ni Del cielo, ni No ha poder en Dios; y que lo mismo se

entienda de Nuestra Señora y de todos los otros Santos: sopena que

demas de ser executadas las penas establecidas por las leyes del

reyno contra los blasfemos, la persona que en lo susodicho

incurriese pague 15 castellanos de oro, la tercera parte para la

primera Cofradía de Nuestra Señora que en estas partes se hiciese,

y la otra tercera parte para el fisco de S. M., y la otra tercera

parte para el juez que lo sentenciase.

Yt. Porque de los juegos muchas y las mas veces resultan reniegos y

blasfemias, é nacen otros inconvenientes, é es justo que del todo

se prohiban y defiendan; por ende mando que de aquí adelante

ninguna persona sea osada de jugar á naypes ni á otros juegos

vedados dineros ni preseas ni otra cosa alguna; sopena de

perdimiento de todo lo que jugase é de 20 pesos de oro, la mitad de

todo ello para la Cámara, é la otra mitad para el juez que lo

sentenciase. Pero por quanto en las guerras es bien que tenga la

gente algun exercicio, y se acostumbra y permítese que jueguen por

que se eviten otros mayores inconvenientes; permítese que en el

aposento donde estubiese se jueguen naypes é otros juegos

moderadamente, con tanto que no sea á los dados, porque allí es

curarse han de no de decir mal, é á lo menos si lo dixesen serán

castigados.

Yt. Que ninguno sea osado de echar mano á la espada ó puñal ó otra

arma alguna para ofender á ningun Español; sopena que él que lo

contrario hiciese, si fuese hidalgo, pague 100 pesos de oro, la

mitad para el fisco de S. M., y la otra mitad para los gastos de

la Xusticia; y al que no fuese hidalgo se le han de dar 100 azotes

publicamente.

Yt. Por quanto acaese que algunos Españoles por no valar é hacer

otras cosas se dexan de aputar en las copias de los Capitanes que

tienen gente: por ende mando que todos se alisten en las Capitanías

que yo tengo hechas é hiciese, excepto los que yo señalaré que

queden fuera dellas, con apercibimiento que dende agora se les

face, que él que ansí no lo hiciese, no se le dará parte ni partes

algunas.

Otrosí, por quanto algunas veces suele acaecer, que en burlas é por

pasar tiempo algunas personas que están en una capitanía burlan é

porfian de algunos de las otras Capitanías, y los unos dicen de los

otros, y los otros de los otros, de que se suelen recrecer

quistiones é escándalos: por ende mando que de aquí adelante

ninguno sea osado de burlar ni decir mal de ninguna Capitanía ni la

perjudicar; sopena de 20 pesos de oro, la mitad para la Cámara, y

la otra mitad para los gastos de Xusticia.

Otrosí, que ninguno de los dichos Españoles no se aposente ni pose

en ninguna parte, exepto en el lugar é parte donde estubiese

aposentada su capitan; supena de 12 pesos de oro, aplicados en la

forma contenida en el capítulo antecedente.

Yt. Que ningun capitan se aposente en ninguna poblacion ó villa ó

ciudad, sino en el pueblo que le fuese señalado por el Maestro de

Campo, sopena de 10 pesos de oro, aplicados en la forma suso dicha.

Yt. Por quanto cada Capitan tenga mejor acaudillada su gente, mando

que cada uno de los dichos Capitanes tenga sus cuadrillas de 20 en

20 Españoles, y con cada una quadrilla un quadrillero ó cabo de

escuadra, que sea personas hábil y de quien se deba confiar; so la

dicha pena.

Otrosí, que cada uno de los dichos quadrilleros ó cabos desquadra

ronden sobre las velas todos los quartos que les cupiese de velar,

so la dicha pena; é que la vela que hallasen durmiendo, ó ausente

del lugar donde debiese velar, pague cuatro Castellanos, aplicados

en la forma suso dicha, y de mas que esté atado medio dia.

Otrosí, que los dichos quadrilleros tengan cuidado de avisar y

avisen á las velas que hubiesen de poner, que puesto que recaudo en

el Real no desamparen ni dexen los portillos ó calles ó pasos donde

les fuese mandado velar y se vayan de allí á otra parte por ninguna

necesidad que digan que les constriñó hasta que sean mandado;

sopena de 50 castellanos, aplicados en la forma suso dicha al que

fuese hijo dalgo; y sino lo fuese, que le sean dados 100 azotes

publicamente.

Otrosí, que cada Capitan que por mí fuese nombrado tenga y traiga

consigo su tambor é bandera para que rija y acaudille mejor la

gente que tenga á su cargo; sopena de 10 pesos de oro, aplicados en

la forma suso dicha.

Otrosí, que cada Español que oyese tocar el atambor de su compañía

sea obligado á salir é salga á acompañar su bandera con todas sus

armas en forma y á punto de guerra; sopena de 20 castellanos,

aplicados en la forma arriba declarada.

Otrosí, que todas las veces que yo mandase mover el Real para

alguna parte cada Capitan sea obligado de llevar por el camino toda

su gente junta y apartada de las otras Capitanías, sinque se

entrometa en ella ningun Español de otra Capitanía ninguna; y para

ello constriñan é apremien á los que así llevasen debaxo de su

bandera segun uso de guerra; sopena de 10 pesos de oro, aplicados

en la forma suso declarada.

Yt. Por quanto acaece que antes ó al tiempo de romper en los

enemigos algunos Españoles se meten entre el fardage, demas de ser

pusilanimidad, es cosa fea el mal exemplo para los Indios nuestros

amigos que nos acompañan en la guerra: por ende mando que ningun

Español se entremeta ni vaya con el fardage, salvo aquellos que

para ello fuesen dados é señalados: sopena de 20 pesos de oro,

aplicados segun que de suso contiene.

Otrosí, por quanto acaece algunas veces que algunos Españoles fuera

de órden y sin les ser mandado arremeten ó rompen en algún

esquadron de los enemigos, é por se desmandar ansí se desbaratan y

salen fuera de ordenanza, de que suele recrecerse peligro á los

mas: por ende mando que ningun Capitan se desmande á romper por los

enemigos sin que primeramente por mí le sea mandado; sopena de

muerte. En otra persona se desmanda, si fuese hijodalgo, pena de

100 pesos, aplicados en la forma suso dicha; y si no fuese hidalgo,

le sean dados 100 azotes publicamente.

Yt. Por quanto podria ser que al tiempo que entran á tomar por

fuerza alguna poblacion ó villa ó ciudad á los enemigos, antes de

ser del todo echados fuera, con codicia de robar, algun Español se

entrase en alguna casa de los Enemigos, de que se podria seguir

daño: por ende mando que ningun Español ni Españoles entren á robar

ni á otra cosa alguna en las tales casas de los enemigos, hasta ser

del todo echados fuera, y haber conseguido el fin de la victoria;

sopena de 20 pesos de oro, aplicados en la manera que dicha es.

Yt. Si por escusar y evitar los hurtos encubiertos y fraudes que se

hacen en las cosas habidas en la guerra ó fuera de ella, así por lo

que toca al quinto que dellas pertenece á su católica Magestad,

como porque han de ser repartidas conforme á lo que cada una sirve

é merece: por ende mando que todo el oro, plata, perlas, piedras,

plumage, ropa, esclavos, y otras cosas qualesquier que se

adquieran, hubiesen, ó tomasen en qualquier manera, ansí en las

dichas poblaciones, villas, ó ciudades, como en el campo, que la

persona ó personas á cuyo poder viniese ó la hallasen ó tomasen, en

qualquier forma que sea, lo traigan luego incontinente é

manifiesten ante mí ó ante otra persona que fuese sin lo meter ni

llevar á su posada ni á otra parte alguna; sopena de muerte é

perdimiento de todos sus bienes para la Cámara é fisco de S. M.

É por quanto lo suso dicho é cada una cosa é parte dello se guarde

é cumpla segun é de la manera que aquí de suso se contiene, y de

ninguna cosa de lo aquí contenida pretendan ignorancia, mando que

sea apregonado publicamente, para que venga á noticia de todos: Que

fuéron hechas las dichas Ordenanzas en la ciudad y provincia de

Taxclatéque selado 22 dias del mes de Diciembre, año del

nascimiento de nuestro Salvador Jesu Christo de 1520 años.

Pregonáronse las dichas Ordenanzas desuso contenidas en la ciudad é

provincia de Taxclatecle, miércoles dia de San Estéban, que fuesen

26 dias del mes de Diciembre, año del nacimiento de nuestro

Salvador Jesu Christo de 1520 años; estando presente el magnífico

Señor Fernando Cortés, capitan general é Justicia mayor de esta

Nueva España del mar Occéano por el Emperador nuestro Señor, por

ante mí, Juan de Rivera, escribano é Notario público en todos los

Reinos é Señoríos de España por las Autoridades apostólica y Real.

Lo qual pregonó en voz alta Anton Garcia pregonero, en el Alarde

que la gente de á caballo é de á pie que su merced mandó facer é se

fizo el dicho dia. A lo qual fuéron testigos que estaban presentes,

Gonzalo de Sandoval, Alguacil mayor, é Alonso de Prado, contador, é

Rodrigo Alvarez Chico, veedor por S. M., é otras muchas personas.

Fecho ut supra.--Juan de Rivera.

No. XIV.--See vol. iv. p. 203

TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES IN THE HONDURAS LETTER OF CORTÉS

[I have noticed this celebrated Letter, the _Carta Quinta_ of Cortés, so

particularly in the body of the work, that little remains to be said

about it here. I have had these passages translated to show the reader

the circumstantial and highly graphic manner of the general’s narrative.

The latter half of the Letter is occupied with the events which occurred

in Mexico in the absence of Cortés and after his return. It may be

considered, therefore, as part of the regular series of his historical

correspondence, the publication of which was begun by archbishop

Lorenzana. Should another edition of the Letters of Cortés be given to

the world, this one ought undoubtedly to find a place in it.]

A lake of great width and proportionate depth was the difficulty

which we had to encounter. In vain did we turn to the right and to

the left; the lake was equally wide in every direction. My guides

told me that it was useless to look for a ford in the vicinity, as

they were certain the nearest one was towards the mountains, to

reach which would necessarily be a journey of five or six days. I

was extremely puzzled what measure to adopt. To return was certain

death; as, besides being at a loss for provisions, the roads, in

consequence of the rains which had prevailed, were absolutely

impassable. Our situation was now perilous in the extreme; on every

side was room for despair, and not a single ray of hope illumined

our path. My followers had become sick of their continual labor,

and had as yet reaped no benefit from their toils. It was therefore

useless for me to look to them for advice in our present truly

critical position. Besides the primitive band and the horses, there

were upwards of three thousand five hundred Indians who followed in

our train. There was one solitary canoe lying on the beach, in

which, doubtless, those whom I had sent in advance had crossed. At

the entrance of the lake, and on the other side, were deep marshes,

which rendered our passage of the lake considerably more doubtful.

One of my companions entered into the canoe, and found the depth of

the lake to be five-and-twenty feet, and, with some lances tied

together, I ascertained that the mud and slime were twelve feet

more, making in all a depth of nearly forty feet. In this juncture,

I resolved that a floating bridge should be made, and for this

purpose requested that the Indians would lend their assistance in

felling the wood, whilst I and my followers would employ ourselves

in preparing the bridge. The undertaking seemed to be of such

magnitude that scarcely any one entertained an idea of its being

completed before our provisions were all exhausted. The Indians,

however, set to work with the most commendable zeal. Not so with

the Spaniards, who already began to comment upon the labors they

had undergone, and the little prospect which appeared of their

termination. They proceeded to communicate their thoughts one to

another, and the spirit of disaffection had now attained such a

height that some had the hardihood to express their disapprobation

of my proceedings to my very face. Touched to the quick with this

show of desertion when I had least expected it, I said to them that

I needed not their assistance; and, turning towards the Indians who

accompanied me, exposed to them the necessity we lay under of using

the most strenuous exertions to reach the other side, for if this

point were not effected we should all perish from hunger. I then

pointed in the opposite direction, in which the province of Acalan

lay, and cheered their spirits with the prospect of there obtaining

provisions in abundance, without taking into consideration the

ample supply which would be afforded us by the caravels. I also

promised them, in the name of your Majesty, that they should be

recompensed to the fullest extent of their wishes, and that not a

person who contributed his assistance should go unrewarded. My

little oration had the best possible effect with the Indians, who

promised, to a man, that their exertions should only terminate with

their lives. The Spaniards, ashamed of their previous conduct,

surrounded me and requested that I would pardon their late act;

alleging, in extenuation of their offence, the miserable position

in which they were placed, obliged to support themselves with the

unsavory roots which the earth supplied, and which were scarcely

sufficient to keep them alive. They immediately proceeded to work,

and, though frequently ready to fall from fatigue, never made

another complaint. After four days’ incessant labor the bridge was

completed, and both horse and man passed without the slightest

accident. The bridge was constructed in so solid a manner that it

would be impossible to destroy it otherwise than by fire. More than

one thousand beams were united for its completion, and every one of

them was thicker than a man’s body, and sixty feet long.

* * * * *

At two leagues’ distance from this place, the mountains commenced.

From no words of mine, nor of a more gifted man, can your Majesty

form an adequate idea of the asperity and unevenness of the place

which we were now ascending. He alone who has experienced the

hardships of the route, and who himself has been an eye-witness,

can be fully sensible of its difficulty. It will be sufficient for

me to say, in order that your Majesty may have some notion of the

labor which we had to undergo, that we were twelve days before we

got entirely free of it,--a distance altogether of eight leagues!

Sixty-eight horses died on the passage, the greater part having

fallen down the precipices which abounded on every side; and the

few that escaped seemed so overcome that we thought not a single

one would ever afterwards prove serviceable. More than three months

elapsed before they recovered from the effects of the journey. It

never ceased to rain, day or night, from the time we entered the

mountain until we left it; and the rock was of such a nature that

the water passed away without collecting in any place in

sufficient quantity to allow us to drink. Thus, in addition to the

other hardships which we had to encounter, was that most pressing

of all, thirst. Some of the horses suffered considerably from the

want of this truly necessary article, and but for the culinary and

other vessels which we had with us, and which served to receive

some of the rain, neither man nor horse could possibly have

escaped. A nephew of mine had a fall upon a piece of sharp rock,

and fractured his leg in three or four places; thus was our labor

increased, as the men had to carry him by turns. We had now but a

league to journey before we could arrive at Tenas, the place which

I mentioned as belonging to the chief of Tayco; but here a

formidable obstacle presented itself, in a very wide and very large

river, which was swollen by the continued rains. After searching

for some time, one of the most surprising fords ever heard of was

discovered. Some huge jutting cliffs arrest the progress of the

river, in consequence of which it extends for a considerable space

around. Between these cliffs are narrow channels, through which the

water rushes with an impetuosity which baffles description. From

one of these rocks to another we threw large trunks of trees which

had been felled with much labor. Ropes of bass-weed were affixed to

these trunks; and thus, though at imminent risk of our lives, we

crossed the river. If anybody had become giddy in the transit, he

must unavoidably have perished. Of these passes there were upwards

of twenty, and we took two whole days to get clear, by this

extraordinary way.

* * * * *

It were indeed an arduous task for me to describe to your Majesty

the joy which pervaded every countenance when this truly inspiring

account was received. To be near the termination of a journey so

beset with hardships and labor as ours had been, was an event that

could not but be hailed with rapture. Our last four days’ march

subjected us to innumerable trials; as, besides being without any

certainty of our proceeding in the right direction, we were ever in

the heart of mountains abounding with precipices on every side.

Many horses dropped on the way; and a cousin of mine, Juan Davilos

by name, fell down a precipice and broke an arm. Had it not been

for the suit of armor which he wore, he would have been infallibly

dashed to pieces. As it was, besides having his arm broken, he was

dreadfully lacerated. His horse, upon which he was mounted, having

no protection, was so wounded by the fall that we were obliged to

leave him behind. With much difficulty we succeeded in extricating

my cousin from his perilous situation. It would be an endless task

to relate to your Majesty the many sufferings which we endured;

amongst which the chief was from hunger; for, although we had some

swine which we had brought from Mexico, upwards of eight days had

elapsed without our having tasted bread. The fruit of the palm-tree

boiled with hogs’ flesh, and without any salt, which we had

exhausted some time previous, formed our only sustenance. They were

alike destitute of provisions at the place at which we had now

arrived, where they lived in constant dread of an attack from the

adjoining Spanish settlement. They needed not to fear such an

event; as, from the situation in which I found the Spaniards, they

were incapable of doing the slightest mischief. So elated were we

all with our neighborhood to Nico that all our past troubles were

soon forgotten, as are the dangers of the sea by the weather-beaten

sailor, who on his arrival in port thinks no more of the perils he

has encountered. We still suffered greatly from hunger; for even

the unsavory roots were procured with the greatest difficulty; and,

after we had been occupied many hours in collecting them, they were

devoured with the greatest eagerness, in the shortest space of time

imaginable.

No. XV.--See vol. iv. p. 241

LAST LETTER OF CORTÉS TO THE EMPEROR

[I give this Letter of Cortés entire, _Ultima y sentidisima Carta_, his

“Last and most touching Letter,” as it is styled by Vargas Ponçe, who

has embraced it in his important collection from the archives of

Seville.{*} It may be called touching, when we consider the tone of it,

as compared with the former correspondence of its author, and the gloomy

circumstances under which it was written. Yet we are not to take the

complaints contained in it of his poverty too literally; since at his

death, but three years after, he left immense estates. But these estates

were so much embarrassed by his expensive and disastrous expeditions in

the South Sea that his income during the rest of his life seems to have

been scarcely sufficient to meet his ordinary expenditure. The last days

of Cortés, wasted in ineffectual attempts to obtain redress from the

court whom he had so signally served, remind us of the similar fate of

Columbus. The history of both may teach us that the most brilliant

career too often leads only to sorrow and disappointment, as the clouds

gather round the sun at his setting.]

{*} [It has since been printed in the Col. de Doc. inéd. para la Hist,

de España, tom. i., affording an opportunity for correcting the almost

innumerable errors which disfigure the transcription of Vargas Ponçe and

render it scarcely intelligible.--ED.]

Pensé que haber trabajado en la juventud me aprovechara para que en

la vejez tubiera descanso, y así ha quarenta años que me he

ocupado en no dormir, mal comer, y á las veces ni bien ni mal,

traer las armas á cuestas, poner la persona en peligro, gastar mi

hacienda y edad, todo en servicio de Dios, trayendo obejas en su

corral muy remotas de nuestro hemisferio, ignotas, y no escriptas

en nuestras Escrituras, y acrecentando y dilatando el nombre y

patrimonio de mi Rey, ganándole y trayéndole á su yugo y Real cetro

muchos y muy grandes reynos y señoríos de muchas bárvaras naciones

y gentes, ganados por mi propia persona y espensas, sin ser ayudado

de cosa alguna, hantes muy estorvado por muchos émulos y

invidiosos, que como sanguijuelas han reventado de artos de mi

sangre. De la parte que á Dios cupo de mis trabajos y vigilias asaz

estoy pagado, porque seyendo la obra suya, quiso tomarme por medio,

y que las gentes me atribuyesen alguna parte, aunque quien

conociere de mí lo que yo, beré claro que no sin causa la divina

providencia quiso que una hobra tan grande se acavase por el mas

flaco é inútil medio que se pudo hallar, porque á solo dios fuese

el atributo. De lo que á mi rey quedó, la remuneracion siempre

estuve satisfecho, que ceteris paribus no fuera menor por ser en

tiempo de V. M., que nunca estos reynos de España, donde yo soy

natural y á quien cupo este beneficio, fuéron poseydos de tan

grande y Católico príncipe, magnánimo y poderoso Rey; y así V. M.,

la primera vez que vesé las manos y entregué los frutos de mis

servicios, mostró reconocimiento dellos y comenzó á mostrar

voluntad de me hacer gratificacion, honrrando mi persona con

palabras y hobras, que pareciéndome á mí que no se equiparaban á

mis méritos, V. M. sabe que rehusé yo de recibir. V. M. me dijo y

mandó que las aceptase, porque pareciese que me comenzaba á hacer

alguna merced, y que no las reciviese por pago de mis servicios;

porque V. M. se queria haber con migo, como se han los que se

muestran á tirar la ballesta, que los primeros tiros dan fuera del

terrero, y enmendando dan en él y en el blanco y fiel; que la

merced que V. M. me hacia hera dar fuera del terrero, y que iria

enmendando hasta dar en el fiel de lo que yo merecia; y pues que no

se me quitava nada de lo que tenia, ni se me habia de quitar, que

reciviese lo que me dava; y ansí vesé las manos á V. M. por ello, y

enbolviendo las espaldas quitóseme lo que tenia todo, y no se me

cumplió la merced que V. M. me hizo. Y demas destas palabras que V.

M. me dijo, y obras que me prometió, que, pues tiene tan buena

memoria, no se le habrán olvidado, por cartas de V. M. firmadas de

su real nombre tengo otras muy mayores. Y pues mis servicios hechos

hasta allí son beneméritos de las obras y promesas que V. M. me

hizo, y despues acá no lo han desmerecido; antes nunca he cesado de

servir y acrecentar el Patrimonio de estos reynos, con mil

estorvos, que si no obiera tenido no fuera menos lo acrecentado,

despues que la merced se me hizo, que lo hecho porque la merecí, no

sé porque no se me cumple la promesa de las merecedes ofrecidas, y

se me quitan las hechas. Y si quisieren decir que no se me quitan,

pues poseo algo; cierto es que nada é inútil son una mesma cosa, y

lo que tengo es tan sin fruto, que me fuera arto mejor no tenerlo,

porque obiera entendido en mis grangerías, y no gastado el fruto de

ellas por defenderme del fiscal de V. M., que a sido y es mas

dificultoso que ganar la tierra de los enemigos; así que mi trabajo

aprovechó para mi contentamiento de haber hecho el dever, y no para

conseguir el efecto dél, pues no solo no se me siguió reposa á la

vejez, mas trabajo hasta la muerte; y pluguiese á Dios que no

pasase adelante, sino que con la corporal se acabase, y no se

estendiese á la perpetua, porque quien tanto trabajo tiene en

defender el cuerpo no puede dejar de ofender al ánima. Suplico á V.

M. no permita que á tan notorios servicios haya tan poco mi

ramiento, y pues es de creer que no es á culpa de V. M. que las

gentes lo sepan; porque como esta obra que Dios hizo por mi medio

es tan grande y maravillosa, y se ha estendido la fama de ella por

todos los reynos de V. M. y de los otros reyes cristianos y aun

por algunos infieles, en estos donde hay noticia del pleito de

entre el fiscal y mí, no se trata de cosa mas; y unos atribuyen la

culpa al fiscal, otros á culpas mias; y estas no las hallan tan

grandes, que si bastasen para por ellas negárseme el premio, no

bastasen tambien para quitarme la vida, honrra, y hacienda; y que

pues esto no se hace que no deve ser mia la culpa. A V. M. ninguna

se atribuye; porque si V. M. quisiese quitarme lo que me dió, poder

tiene para ejecutarlo, pues al que quiere y puede nada hay

imposible; decir que se vuscan formas para colorar la obra, y que

no se sienta el intento, ni caven ni pueden caber en los reyes

unjidos por Dios tales medios, porque para con él no hay color que

no sea transparente, para con el mundo no hay para que colorarlo,

por que así lo quiero, así lo mando, es el descargo de lo que los

reyes hacen. Yo supliqué á V. M. en Madrid fuese servido de aclarar

la boluntad que tubo de hacerme merced en pago de mis servicios, y

le traje á la memoria algunos de ellos; díjome V. M. que mandaria á

los del su consejo que me despachasen; pensé que se les dejava

mandado lo que abian de hacer, porque V. M. me dijo que no queria

que trajese pleyto con el fiscal: cuando quise saberlo, dijéronme

que me defendiese de la demanda del fiscal, porque havia de ir por

tela de justicia, y por ella se habia de sentenciar: sentílo por

grave, y escrebí á V. M. á Barcelona, suplicándole que pues era

servido de entrar en juicio de su siervo, lo fuese en que obiese

Juezes sin sospecha y V. M. mandase que con los del Consejo de las

Indias se juntasen algunos de los otros, pues todos son criados de

V. M., y que juntos lo determinasen; no fué V. M. servido, que no

puedo alcanzar la causa, pues quantos mas lo viesen mejor

alcanzarian lo que se devia hacer. Véome viejo y pobre y empeñado

en este reyno en mas de veinte mil ducados, sin mas de ciento

otros, que he gastado de los que traje é me han enviado, que

algunos de ellos debo tambien que los an tomado prestados para

enviarme, y todos corren cambios; y en cinco años poco menos que

ha que salí de mi casa, no es mucho lo que he gastado, pues nunca

ha salido de la Corte, con tres hijos que traygo en ella, con

letrados, procuradores, y solicitadores; que todo fuera mejor

empleado que V. M. se sirviera de ello y de lo que yo mas hoviera

adquirido en esta tiempo; ha ayudado tambien la ida de argel.

Pareceme que al cojer del fruto de mis trabajos no devia hecharlo

en basijas rotas, y dejarlo en juicio de pocos, sino tornar á

suplicar á V. M. sea servido que todos quantos jueces V. M. tiene

en sus Consejos conozcan de esta causa, y conforme á justicia la

sentenciase.--Yo he sentido del obispo de Cuenca que desea que

obiese para esto otros jueces demas de los que hay; porque él y el

licenciado Salmeron, nuebo Oidor en este Consejo de Indias, son los

que me despojáron sin hoyrme de hecho, siendo jueces en la nueva

España, como lo tengo provado, y con quien yo traigo pleito sobre

el dicho despojo, y les pido cantidad de dineros de los intereses y

rentas de lo que me despojáron; y está claro que no han de

sentenciar contra si. No les he querido recusar en este caso,

porque siempre crey que V. M. fuera servido que no llegara á estos

términos; y no seyendo V. M. servido que hayan mas jueces que

determinen esta causa, serme ha forzado recusar al Obispo de Cuenca

y á Salmeron, y pesar mehía en el ánima porque no podrá ser sin

alguna dilacion; que para mí no puede ser cosa mas dañosa, porque

he sesenta años, y anda en cinco que salí de mi casa, y no tengo

mas de un hijo Varon que me suceda; y aunque tengo la muger moza

para poder tener mas, mi hedad no sufre esperar mucho; y si no

tubiera otro, y dios dispusiera de este sin dejar sucesion, ¿que me

habria aprovechado lo adquirido? pues subcediendo hijas se pirede

la memoria. Otra y otra vez torno á suplicar á V. M. sea servido

que con los Jueces del Consejo de Indias se junten otros jueces de

estos otros Consejos; pues todos son criados de V. M., y les fia la

governacion de sus reynos y su real conciencia no es inconveniente

fiarles que determinen sobre una escriptura de merced, que V. M.

hizo á un su vasallo de una partecica de un gran todo con que el

servió á V. M., sin costar trabajo ni peligro en su real persona,

ni cuidado de espíritu de proveer como se hiciese, ni costa de

dineros para pagar la gente que lo hizo, y que tan limpia y

lealmente servió, no solo en la tierra que ganó, pero con mucha

cantidad de oro y plata y piedra de los despojos que en ella ubo; y

que V. M. mande á los jueces que fuere servido que entiendan en

ello, que en un cierto tiempo, que V. M. les señale, lo determinen

y sentencien sin que haya esta dilacion; y esta será para mí muy

gran merced; porque á dilatarse, dejarlo hé perder y volvermehé á

mi casa: porque no tengo ya edad para andar por mesones, sino para

recogerme á aclarar mi cuenta con Dios, pues la tengo larga, y poca

vida para dar los descargos, y será mejor dejar perder la acienda

que el ánima. Sacra Magestad: Dios Nuestro Señor guarde la muy Real

persona de V. M. con el acrecentamiento de Reynos y estados que V.

M. desea. De Valladolid á tres de Febrero de quinientos quarenta y

quatro años. De V. C. M. muy humilde siervo y vasallo, que sus muy

reales pies y manos besa.--El Marques de Valle.

Cuvierta á la S. C. C. M., El Emperador y Rey de las Españas.

Tiene este decreto:--A su Mag. del Marques del Valle, 3 de Febrero

de 44:--_Nay que responder_: parece letra de Covos.

Original. Archivo de Indias.

No. XVI.--See vol. iv. p. 248

FUNERAL OBSEQUIES OF CORTÉS

[The original of this document is in the Hospital of Jesus, at Mexico;

and the following literal translation was made from a copy sent to me

from that capital.]

THE INTERMENT OF THE MARQUIS OF THE VALLEY OF OAJACA, HERNAN

CORTÉS, AND OF HIS DESCENDANT, DON PEDRO CORTÉS, WHICH TOOK PLACE

IN THIS CITY OF MEXICO, FEB. 24, 1629

The remains of Don Hernan Cortés (the first Marquis of the Valley

of Oajaca), which lay in the monastery of St. Francis for more than

fifty years since they had been brought from Castilleja de la

Cuesta, were carried in funeral procession. It also happened that

Don Pedro Cortés, Marquis of the Valley, died at the court of

Mexico, Jan. 30, 1629. The Lord Archbishop of Mexico, D. Francisco

Manso de Zuñiga, and his Excellency the Viceroy, Marquis of

Serralbo, agreed that the two funerals should be conducted

together, paying the greatest honor to the ashes of Hernando

Cortés. The place of interment was the church of St. Francis in

Mexico. The procession set forth from the palace of the Marquis of

the Valley. In the advance were carried the banners of the various

associations; then followed the different orders of the religious

fraternities, all the tribunals of Mexico, and the members of the

Audience. Next came the Archbishop and the Chapter of the

cathedral. Then was borne along the corpse of the Marquis Don Pedro

Cortés in an open coffin, succeeded by the remains of Don Hernando

Cortés, in a coffin covered with black velvet. A banner of pure

white, with a crucifix, an image of the Virgin and of St. John the

Evangelist, embroidered in gold, was carried on one side. On the

other were the armorial bearings of the King of Spain, also worked

in gold. This standard was on the right hand of the body. On the

left hand was carried another banner, of black velvet, with the

arms of the Marquis of the Valley embroidered upon it in gold. The

standard-bearers were armed. Next came the teachers of divinity,

the mourners, and a horse with sable trappings, the whole

procession being conducted with the greatest order. The members of

the University followed. Behind them came the Viceroy with a large

escort of cavaliers; then four armed captains with their plumes,

and with pikes on their shoulders. These were succeeded by four

companies of soldiers with their arquebuses, and some with lances.

Behind them banners were trailed upon the ground, and muffled drums

were struck at intervals. The coffin enclosing the remains of the

Conqueror was borne by the Royal Judges, while the knights of the

order of Santiago supported the body of the Marquis Don Pedro

Cortés. The crowd was immense, and there were six stations where

the coffins were exposed to view, and at each of these the

responses were chanted by the members of the religious

fraternities.

The bones of Cortés were secretly removed from the church of St.

Francis, with the permission of his Excellency the Archbishop, on

the 2d of July, 1794, at eight o’clock in the evening, in the

carriage of the Governor, the Marques de Sierra Nevada, and were

placed in a vault, made for this purpose, in the church of Jesus of

Nazareth. The bones were deposited in a wooden coffin enclosed in

one of lead, being the same in which they came from Castilleja de

la Cuesta, near Seville. This was placed in another of crystal,

with its cross-bars and plates of silver; and the remains were

shrouded in a winding-sheet of cambric embroidered with gold, with

a fringe of black lace four inches deep.

INDEX

A

Abderahman, on the palm-tree, i. 189, _note_.

Ablutions at table, i. 168, ii. 303.

Aborigines of America, origin of the, i. 225, 230-253;

of their civilization, 240.

Peculiarities in their organization, 250.

See _Indians_ and _Mankind_.

Absolution, Aztec rite of, i. 83.

Achilles, shade of, cited, i. 77, _note_.

Acolhuans. See _Colhuans_ and _Tezcucans_.

Acolman, iii. 353. Dispute there, 373.

Aculan, Spaniards at the capital of, iv. 189.

Adelantado, i. 316, _note_, iii. 29.

Adrian of Utrecht, regent of Spain, iii. 355, iv. 139.

Warrant by, iv. 139.

Pope, 143.

Adultery, charge respecting, iv. 271, 371.

Agave Americana, or aloe, or maguey, i. 8.

Paper from the, 114, 151.

Various uses made of the, 114, _note_, 151, 171.

Dresden Codex made of the, 119, _note_.

Account of it, 151, 152.

Agriculture, tax on, among the Aztecs, i. 51, 150.

Remarks on, 147.

Of North American Indians, 148.

Among the Mexicans, 149.

Articles of Aztec, 150.

Encouraged by Nezahualcoyotl, 190.

Tlascalan, ii. 107.

Cholulan, 189.

Near the lake of Chalco, 240.

Attention to, after the Conquest, iv. 168, 231.

Aguilar, Gerónimo de, a Christian captive, account of, i. 339.

Cortés’ reception of, 341.

An interpreter, 342.

In the retreat from Mexico, iii. 175.

At Chalco, 326.

Aguilar, Marcos de, succeeds Ponce de Leon as royal commissioner,

iv. 206, _note_.

Collects opinions in regard to repartimientos, _ib._.

Ahuahutle, insects’ eggs, used as food, ii. 290, _note_, iv. 66, _note_.

Ahualco, crossed by Spaniards, ii. 229.

Ahuitzotl, i. 25, 26, _note_, 95, _note_.

Ajotzinco, city of, ii. 237.

Alaman, Lúcas, cited, i. 116, _note_, 297, _note_, 363, _note_,

ii. 228, _note_, 246, _note_, 247, _note_, 257 _note_, 298, _note_,

303, _note_, 319, _note_, iii. 156, _note_, 307, _note_, 333, _note_,

348, _note_, iv. 100, _note_, 102, _note_, 103, _note_, 137,

_note_, 147, _note_, 152, _note_, 153, _note_, 158, _note_, 167,

_note_, 169, _note_, 191, _note_, 230, _note_, 231, _note_, 247,

_note_, 249, _note_, 250, _note_.

Alaminos, Antonio de, chief pilot of the armada, i. 328, ii. 21.

Despatched to Spain, ii. 63.

Anchors at Cuba, 64.

Alderete, Julian de, royal treasurer, iii. 324.

At Tacuba, 350.

Advice of, as to attack, iv. 36.

His division for assaulting Mexico, 37, and _note_.

Too eager and in peril, 39, 41.

Urges the torture of Guatemozin, 130, 145.

Alexander the Great, iii. 213, _note_.

Alexander VI., Pope, bull of partition by, ii. 209, _note_.

Enjoins conversion of the heathen, 210, _note_.

Algiers, expedition against, iv. 239.

Alms-giving, Aztec, i. 85.

Aloe. See _Agave Americana_.

Alphabet, Egyptian, i. 108, _note_.

Nearest approach to, 110.

European, introduced into Mexico, 112.

Alvarado, Jorge de, iv. 37.

Alvarado, Pedro de, enters the river Alvarado, i. 292, 359.

His return to Cuba with treasures, 294, 295, 310.

Joins Cortés, 322.

Marches across Cuba, 323.

Reprimanded, 333.

In the battles near the Tabasco, 347-350.

On a foraging party, ii. 32.

Cuts down the body of Morla, 51.

Despatched to Cempoalla, 66.

Troops put under, 83.

At Tlascala, 172.

Doña Luisa given to, 174.

Visits Montezuma with Cortés, 263.

Aids in seizing Montezuma, 342.

Montezuma pleased with, 363.

Takes command at Mexico, iii. 44.

Instructions to, 44.

Forces under, 46, 95, _note_.

Assault on, 78, 85.

Blockaded, 83, 85.

Joined by Cortés, 85.

Aztecs massacred by, 87, _note_, 88, _note_, 91, _note_.

Character of, 94.

Cortés’ dissatisfaction with, 94.

Chivalrous, 119.

Storms the great temple, 129.

Overpowered at the Mexican bridges, 143.

Acts at the evacuation of Mexico, 162.

Unhorsed, 171.

At the battle of Otumba, 200.

Accompanies Duero and Bermudez to Vera Cruz, 236.

Sandoval and, 297.

Reconnoitres Mexico, 304.

Conspiracy against, 357.

To command the point Tacuba, 367.

Enmity of Olid and, 373.

Demolishes the aqueduct, 374.

Operations of, iv. 18.

Protects breaches, 25.

Sandoval to join, 36.

His neglect to secure a retreat, 38.

Rebuked, 38.

His fortune at the assault, 47.

Cortés opinion of, 51.

Temple burnt by, 77.

Meeting of Cortés and, 79.

In the murderous assault, 89, 91.

To occupy the market-place, 96.

Detached to Oaxaca, 134.

Conquers Guatemala, 172.

Alvarado’s Leap, iii. 172, 173.

Amadis de Gaula, ii. 241, _note_.

Amaquemecan, Spaniards at, ii. 236.

Ambassadors, persons of, held sacred, i. 57.

Ammunition, iv. 62.

See _Gunpowder_.

Amnesty, granted by Nezahualcoyotl, i. 183.

Anaglyphs, i. 112, _note_.

Anahuac, i. 11.

Extent of, 13, _note_.

Meaning of the word, 14, _note_.

Forms of government in, 32.

Number of human sacrifices in, 94, _note_, 95.

See _Aztecs_ and _Mexico_.

Andrada, Don Juan, iii. 155, _note_.

Animals, artificial, i. 155, _note_, 193, _note_, ii. 16, 58, 217, 313.

Animals, of the New World and the Old, different, i. 225.

Origin of, in the New World, 227.

No useful domesticated, among the Aztecs, 270.

Collection of, ii. 295.

See _Draught-cattle_.

Antigua or Vera Cruz Vieja, ii. 48, _note_, iv. 156.

Antiquities, i. 199, 264.

Of Cozumel, 335, _note_.

Aqueducts, conducting to Tezcotzinco, i. 197.

At Iztapalapan, ii. 244.

From Chapoltepec, 264, 284, _note_, 292.

Destroyed, iii. 374.

Arabic manuscripts destroyed, i. 115, 116.

Architecture, refinement and, i. 196.

Of the Tezcucans, 199, 207.

Coincidences with Aztec, 256, 261.

Of Palenque, 261.

In Yucatan, 292.

Of Cozumel, 334.

At Cempoalla, ii. 38, 39.

Of Tlascala, 166.

Marine, at Ajotzinco, 236.

At Cuitlahauc, 240.

Of Iztapalapan, 243.

On the Tezcucan lake, 248.

At Mexico, 254.

Encouragement of, by Montezuma, 292.

After the Conquest, iv. 151.

Archives at Tezcuco, i. 187, 192.

Argensola, on the house of Cortés, i. 298, _note_.

On the detention of Cortés in Spain, 300, _note_.

Arithmetic among the Aztecs, i. 124.

Ark, coincidences with the, i. 233.

Armada, intrusted to Cortés, i. 311.

The fitting out of the, 313, 314.

Expense of it, 321, ii. 29.

Sails, i. 320.

Equipment of it, 320, 321, 322.

Joined by volunteers, 321.

Sails from Havana, 327.

Its strength, 328.

Chief pilot of the, 328.

Sails, 330, 339, 342.

Encounters a storm, 332.

At Cozumel, 332, 339.

At the Rio de Tabasco, 342.

Wounded sent back to the, 349.

Sails for Mexico, 358.

At San Juan de Ulua, Villa Rica, and Vera Cruz, 360, 365, ii. 21.

One vessel joins the, ii. 56.

One vessel of the, despatched to Spain, 63, 64.

Juan Diaz attempts to escape with one of the, 65.

Sunk, 68, 69, 70, _note_.

See _Brigantines_.

Armies, account of Aztec, i. 59.

Armor, tribute of, i. 51, 52, _note_.

Arms of Montezuma, ii. 264.

See _Arrows_.

Arrows, defence against, i. 324, 351.

Burnt, ii. 350.

Discharge of, at the assault in Mexico, iii. 109.

Art, few works of Aztec, found, i. 259.

Artillery.

See _Cannon_.

Artisans, Montezuma’s, ii. 305.

Astrology, i. 133, 136.

Origin of, 136.

Astronomy, Mexican, i. 137, 138.

Studied, 208, 216.

Atlantis of Plato, i. 226.

Audience, giving of, by Montezuma, ii. 304.

Auxiliaries.

See _Indian allies_.

Aviary, Aztec, ii. 244, 294, iv. 22, 151.

Avila, Alonso de, joins Cortés, i. 322.

Fights, 343, 346, 350.

Aids to seize Montezuma, ii. 342;

Narvaez, iii. 60.

Before Cortés, in behalf of the soldiers, iii. 76.

Tries to calm Cortés, 96.

In the retreat from Mexico, 162, 175.

At the battle of Otumba, 200.

Despatched to St. Domingo, 243, _note_;

to Spain, iv. 138.

Captured by the French, 138.

Axayacatl, Aztec sovereign, Tlascalans oppose, ii. 110.

His treasure, 333, iii. 7-10.

See _Treasure_.

Axayacatl’s palace, ii. 257, 258, iii. 107.

Spaniards quartered in, ii. 257, 258.

Chapel in, 333.

Montezuma’s confinement in, 347.

Return of Cortés to, iii. 85.

Spaniards besieged there, 92.

Assaulted by Aztecs, 108.

Fired, 111.

Commanded by the temple of the war-god, 127.

Destroyed, iv. 21.

Ayllon, the licentiate, sent to stay Velasquez’s expedition, iii. 31.

Joins the fleet, 31.

Seized and sent back, 35.

His report, 35.

Released, 355.

Azcapozalco, a slave-market, i. 162, 183, iii. 307, _note_.

Aztecs, or Mexicans, civilization of the, i. 1, 62, 218, 225, ii. 316.

Extent of their country, i. 4, iv. 112.

Quarter from which they came, i. 20, _note_.

Time of their arrival at Anahuac, 20, 22, _note_, iv. 112.

Their migratory habits, i. 20, 242.

Settlement of, at Mexico, 21.

Domestic feuds and secession among them, 22.

Extent of their territory just before the arrival of the Spaniards, 26.

Form of government among the, 33.

Election and installation of sovereigns, 35.

Legislative and judicial system among them, 41.

Great aim of their institutions, 56.

On calling them barbarians, 62, _note_.

Compared with Saxons of the time of Alfred, 62.

Comparison of modern Mexicans and, 62.

Their mythology, 70.

Cycles, 74, 127, _note_, 129, 232, 246.

Ideas of future life, 76.

Their claims to civilization, 98, iv. 112.

Compared with Europeans of the sixteenth century, i. 98.

Their law of honor, 99, _note_.

Their manuscripts, 114.

The Teoamoxtli, or divine book of the, 122, _note_.

Their literary culture, 123.

Measurement of time, 125.

Their cycle called an “old age,” 128, _note_.

Astrology, 136.

Astronomy, 137.

Their festival at the termination of the great cycle, 140.

Their agriculture, 148.

Acquaintance of, with plants, 153;

with minerals, 153;

with the mechanical arts, 155, 159.

Their domestic manners, 165.

Differ from North American Indians, 172, 254, _note_.

Character of the, original and unique, 173.

Nezahualcoyotl unites his forces with the, 182.

Beat and sacrifice Maxtla, 182.

Transfer of power to, from the Tezcucans, 217.

Essay on the origin of the civilization of the, 225.

Traditions respecting their origin, 251.

The first communication with them, 293-295.

Orders to Cortés respecting the treatment of them, 315.

Their condition, and disgust with Montezuma, at the time

of Cortés’ arrival, ii. 8.

Defeated by Tlascalans, 110.

Aid in a Cholulan conspiracy, 194, 197.

Number of, in the Mexican market, 317.

Enraged at the profanation of their temples, iii. 20.

Aid in building vessels at Vera Cruz, 21.

Insurrection by the, 92.

Their assaults on the Spanish quarters, 108, 119.

Sally against them, 115.

Addressed by Montezuma, 123.

Insult Montezuma, 124.

Their spirit at the storming of the great temple, 130.

Cortés’ address to, 134.

Their reply, 135.

Their combatant spirit, 141.

Assault the retreating Spaniards, 168.

Measures for rallying, 218.

Tlascalan alliance with, rejected, 221.

Guatemozin emperor of the, 249.

Proceeded against as rebels, 251.

Want of cohesion among them, 294.

Deride Cortés, 313.

Fights with, on the Sierra, 328.

At Xochimilco, 344.

Defend the aqueduct of Chapoltepec, 374.

At Iztapalapan, iv. 3.

Defeat of their flotilla, 5.

Fight on the causeways, 11.

Their exasperation, 23.

Their hatred of white men, 34, 74.

Their bravery at the general assault, 42.

Attack Alvarado and Sandoval, 47.

Their spirit and sufferings, 64, 70, 75, 85, 95.

Sortie of, 69.

Do not bury their dead, 73, 87.

Assault on, at the market-place, 93.

Effect of Guatemozin’s capture on, 101.

Evacuate the city, 107.

Remarks on the fall of their empire, 112.

See _Guatemozin_ and _Montezuma_.

B

Babel, coincidences of the tower of, and the temple of Cholula, i. 235.

Bachelors subject to penalties, iv. 157.

Badajoz, Gutierre de, storms the great _teocalli_, iv. 77.

Bahama Islands, i. 284. Expedition to, for slaves, 289.

Balboa, Nuñez de, i. 284, 306.

Transports brigantines, iii. 302, _note_.

Banana, i. 150.

The forbidden fruit, 150, _note_.

Bancroft, H. H., cited, i. 53, _note_, 72,

_note_, 192, _note_, 238, _note_, 289,

_note_, 323, _note_, ii. 301, _note_, 306,

_note_, iii. 373, _note_, iv. 152, _note_.

Bandelier, A., cited, i. 17, _note_, 32, _note_,

36, _note_, 72, _note_, 176, _note_, 238, _note_, 259, _note_, ii. 181,

_note_, 183, _note_, 186, _note_, 187, _note_,

191, _note_, 231, _note_.

Banner of Cortés, i. 324, ii. 148, _note_.

Lost and recovered, iv. 46.

See _Standard_.

Banners, River of, i. 293, 359.

Baptism, Aztec and pagan, i. 78, 240, 241.

Barante, on a disclosure in the reign of Louis the Eleventh, iii. 361.

Barba, Don Pedro, governor of Havana, ordered to seize Cortés, i. 326.

Barba, Pedro, killed, iv. 29.

Barbers, Aztec, ii. 167, 314.

Barca, Madame Calderon de la, on Mexican love of flowers, ii. 38, _note_.

On Tacuba, iii. 374, _note_.

On Cuernavaca, iv. 231, _note_.

Barks at Ajotzinco, ii. 237.

See _Canoes_.

Barracks built at Mexico, iv. 31.

Barrio de San Jago, iv. 81.

Barter, Grijalva’s, at the River of Banners, i. 293, 359.

Object of Cortés’ expedition, 315.

At Cozumel, 333.

With the Tabascans, 356.

See _Traffic_.

Basque language, i. 251, _note_.

Bas-reliefs destroyed, ii. 298.

Batanzos, Fray Domingo de, discusses the

repartimientos and probable fate of the Indians, iv. 207.

Baths of Montezuma, i. 198, ii. 299.

Battles, Aztecs avoided slaying their enemies in, i. 96.

Of Tabasco, 345, 348.

Of Ceutla, 351.

Between Aztecs and Tlascalans, ii. 110, 111;

Spaniards and Tlascalans, 116, 120-125, 135, 143;

Escalante and Quauhpopoca, ii. 339;

Cortés and Narvaez, iii. 65.

At the Aztec insurrection, 108-119.

At the great temple, 129.

On leaving Mexico, 141.

Of the Melancholy Night, 167.

Of Otumba, 197.

Of Quauhquechollan, 229.

Of Iztapalapan, iii. 286.

Near Chalco, 290.

At Xaltocan, 305.

At Tlacopan, 310.

Of Jacapichtla, 319.

On the rocks of the Sierra, 327.

At Cuernavaca, 336.

At Xochimilco, 338, 343.

At the aqueduct of Chapoltepec, 375.

Naval, with the Indian flotilla, iv. 5.

On the Mexican causeways, 11.

With Alderete’s division, 41.

With the Panuchese, 141.

Beetles, Cortés aided by, iii. 67.

Beggary, not tolerated, i. 206.

Bejar, Duke de, befriends Cortés, iv. 142, 221.

His reception of him, 218.

Belus, on the tower of, i. 256 _note_.

Benavente, Count of, i. 281, _note_.

Bermudez, Agustin, iii. 69.

Bernaldez on devils, i. 70, _note_.

Bilious fever. See _Vómito_.

Bird, Dr., on _mantas_, iii. 140, _note_.

Birds, artificial, i. 155, _note_, 193, ii. 16, 58, _note_, 217, 313.

See _Aviary_.

Births, consultation at, i. 136.

Bishop’s Pass, ii. 91.

Bison, domesticated, i. 270, _note_.

Blanc, Mont, height of, ii. 224, _note_.

Blasphemy, prohibited, iii. 255.

Blumenbach, on American skulls, i. 256, _note_.

Bodies of the Tlascalans painted, ii. 131, 132.

See _Dead_.

Bodleian Library, roll and Codex in the, i. 53, _note_, 118, _note_.

Body-guard of Montezuma, i. 38, _note_, ii. 300.

Of Cortés, iii. 362.

See _Quiñones_.

Booty, law on appropriating, iii. 256.

Little found in Mexico, iv. 109, 130.

See _Gold_ and _Treasure_.

Borunda, the Mexican Champollion, i. 121, _note_.

Botanical garden, ii. 243, _note_, 297.

See _Floating gardens_.

Botello urges night retreat, iii. 159.

Boturini, Benaduci, Chevalier, his writings and collection of manuscripts,

i. 14, _note_, 25, _note_, 26,

40, _note_, 114, _note_, 117, _note_, 121, _note_, 173, _note_, 174, 175,

188, _note_, 235, _note_, ii. 258, _note_, iii. 193.

Bradford’s American Antiquities, i. 223.

Branding of slaves, iii. 225, 299.

Brass substituted for iron, i. 154, _note_.

Brasseur de Bourbourg, Abbé, cited, i. 12, _note_, 70, _note_, 122, _note_.

His theory in regard to Mexican mythology, 226, _note_.

Brazil secured to Portugal, ii. 209, _note_.

Breaches in the causeways, made and filled, iv. 11, 38, 65, 77.

Neglected by Alderete, 39.

Measures for filling, 63.

Bread and wine, consecrated, i. 241, _note_.

Bridges, arched, at Tlascala, ii. 163.

At Mexico, ii. 250, 256, 284, 286, 336.

Removed, iii. 85, 98.

Demolished, 136, 141.

Restored, 143.

Leaped by Cortés, 145.

Portable, 163, 164, 166.

At Cuernavaca, iii. 334.

In the expedition to Honduras, iv. 179, 181, 194.

See _Breaches_ and _Canals_.

Brigantines, built on Lake Tezcuco, ii. 359.

Burnt, iii. 78.

Built and transported to Lake Tezcuco, 234,

245, 282, 297, 299, 322, 325, 362, 364.

Attempts to destroy, 325.

Canal for transporting, 362.

Launched, 363.

Remains of, preserved, 363, _note_, iv. 153.

Co-operate with the army, iv. 4-11, 37, 48, 99.

Decoyed and destroyed, 28.

Sail from Honduras to Truxillo, 196.

See _Fleet_.

Brinton, Dr. Daniel G., explanations of Mexican mythology

by, i. 14, _note_, 17, _note_, 72, _note_, 73, _note_,

122 _note_, 238, _note_, 243, _note_, 335, _note_, 339, _note_.

Budh, incarnation of, i. 71, _note_.

Buffalo ranges, i. 270.

Buffoons, Aztec, i. 171, _note_.

See _Jesters_.

Bullock, W., on Tezcuco, i. 194, _note_, ii. 367, _note_.

On a basin at Tezcotzinco, i. 198, _note_.

On antiquities at Tezcotzinco, 200, _note_.

On Puebla de los Angeles, ii. 188, _note_

On the pyramids of Teotihuacan, iii. 190, _note_, 192, _note_.

On a banner in the Hospital of Jesus, iv. 46, _note_.

Bulls for the Conquerors, iii. 324, iv. 213, _note_.

Burials, i. 78, _note_.

See _Dead_.

Bustamante, editor of Sahagun’s Universal History, i. 103, 110,

121, _note_, 145, iv. 81, _note_, 117, _note_, 125.

C

Cabot, Sebastian, i. 284.

Cacama, king of Tezcuco, rival for the crown, ii. 8, 367, iii. 272.

Favors a friendly reception of Cortés, ii. 14, 366.

Counsels Montezuma, 236, 366.

Mission of, to Cortés, 236, 238.

Accompanies Montezuma, 251.

His plan for liberating Montezuma, 368.

Negotiations with, 369, 370.

Seizure of, and of his confederates, 370.

Brought away from Mexico, iii. 162.

Fate of, 264.

Cacao, i. 150, 161, _note_.

A circulating medium, 191, ii. 318.

Cæsar, Julius, order by, i. 354, _note_.

Calderon, Señor de, iii. 155, _note_.

See _Barca_.

Calendar, Aztec, i. 127, 128, and _note_, 129.

Of the lunar reckoning, 132, 133.

Coincidences with the Asiatic, 247.

Calendar-stone, i. 137, 157, 158, _note_, ii. 292.

Calmecac school, i. 84.

Calpixqui, i. 35, _note_, 54, _note_.

Calpullac, i. 33, _note_, 34, _note_.

Calpulli, or tribes, distribution into, i. 52, _note_.

Camargo, Diego Muñoz, ii. 172, _note_.

Account of, and of his writings, iii. 102.

Cited, 148, _note_, 172, _note_, iv. 299.

Campeachy, Bay of, i. 342.

Canals, for irrigation, i. 150, 350, ii. 189, 240.

Instead of streets, 237.

In the gardens at Iztapalapan, 244.

In Mexico, 282, 286.

Filled up, 169, 282.

For transporting brigantines, iii. 362.

See _Breaches_ and _Bridges_.

Cannibalism, i. 93, 99, 170, 339.

Coincidences as to, 244.

During the siege, iv. 29, 66.

Of the allies, 33.

Spanish captives the victims of, 54.

Cannon, landed from the ships, i. 349.

Command of, given to Mesa, 349.

Effect of, at the battle of Ceutla, 351.

Mounted on the Vera Cruz hillocks, 365.

Effect of, on Aztec visitors, 370.

Sent to the fleet, ii. 34.

At Cempoalla, 40.

Effect of, on the Tlascalans, 124, 136, 137.

At Cholula, 202.

Effect of, at Mexico, 262, iii. 109, 115.

On board Narvaez’s fleet, 33.

At Cempoalla, 62, 65.

Turned against Narvaez, 66.

Effect of, at the retreat, 171.

All lost in the retreat, 181.

For attacking Mexico, 251.

In the fleet on Lake Tezcuco, 364.

Effects of, at the siege of Mexico, iv. 13, 46, 48.

Cast in Mexico, 153.

Cano, Don Thoan, iii. 89, _note_.

Married Montezuma’s daughter, 89, _note_, 126, _note_,

155, _note_, iv. 186, _note_.

Cited, iii. 126, _note_, 179, 180, _note_, 207, _note_, iv. 438.

Canoes, ii. 237, 249, 287, iii. 375, iv. 4, 8.

Captives. See _Christians_ and _Prisoners_.

Caribbee Islands, i. 284.

Carli, Count, cited, i. 40, _note_, 139, _note_, 160, _notes_,

227, _note_, 241, _note_, 244, _note_, 271, _note_.

Carpets, cotton, at Vera Cruz, i. 365.

Carreri, Gemelli, chart of, i. 252, _note_.

Casa de Contratacion, i. 282, iii. 25.

Casa, Giovanni della, ii. 287, _note_.

Casas Grandes, ruins of, i. 253, _note_.

Castes in Mexico, i. 161.

Catalina. See _Xuarez_.

Catalogue of Mexican historians, i. 112, _note_.

Catapult, built, iv. 82.

Cathedrals, i. 157, ii. 281, 319, iv. 152.

Catherwood’s illustrations, i. 223.

Catholics, Protestants and, i. 358, ii. 56.

Views of, as to infidels, ii. 208.

Catoche, Cape, i. 290, 342.

Cattle, i. 309, _note_, iv. 231.

Causeways, dividing Chalco from Xochicalco, ii. 240, 247.

The three, at Mexico, 284.

Present state of the, iv. 155.

See _Cojohuacan_, _Iztapalapan_, _Tepejacac_, and _Tlacopan_.

Cavaliers, i. 322, 335.

Cavaliero, superintendent of marine, iii. 77.

Cavalry, i. 349, 352, 354.

Indian ideas respecting, 354.

In Narvaez’s armada, iii. 33, 68.

Effect of, at Mexico, 115, 171, 174, 185.

Loss of, 180.

At the battle of Otumba, 198.

For attacking Mexico, 251.

At Tlacopan, 309.

Ambuscade with, 315, 349.

At the siege and surrender of Mexico, iv. 18, 46.

See _Horses_.

Cavo, on Cortés’ bigotry, iv. 259, _note_.

Cempoalla, ii. 25, 34, 38, 39.

Reception of Cortés at, 39.

Cacique of, at Chiahuitztla, 43.

Cortés’ second visit to, 52.

Cacique of, aided by Cortés, 51.

Arrests there, 54.

Proceedings there, 83.

Narvaez at, iii. 40, 60.

Sick and wounded left at, 79.

Cempoallan allies, ii. 85, 86, _note_.

Perish from cold, 91.

Distrust Cholulans, 100.

Four, sent to the Tlascalans, 100, 119.

Fight Tlascalans, 123.

Enter Cholula, 190.

Detect a conspiracy, 192.

Withdraw, 219.

At Mexico

with Cortés, 247, _note_, iii. 95, _note_.

Centaurs, Spaniards thought to be, i. 354.

Central America, its ancient civilization distinct from

that of Mexico, i. 16, _note_.

See _Chiapa_, _Mitla_, and _Palenque_.

Ceremonies, religious, i. 88.

Ceutla, battle of, i. 351, 354.

Chaac Mol, i. 158, _note_.

Chalcas, i. 195, _note_.

Chalchuites, resembling emeralds, ii. 21.

Chalco, iii. 289.

Sandoval’s expeditions to, 37, 317.

Cortés’ expedition in favor of, 325.

Indian levies join Spaniards at, 366.

Chalco, lake of, i. 158, ii. 237, 324.

Challenges, iv. 71.

Champollion, i. 110, and _note_, 120, _note_.

Chapoltepec, carved stones at, destroyed, i. 138, _note_.

Residence of Mexican monarchs, ii. 230, 298.

Aqueduct from, 264, 284, _note_, iii. 373, 374.

Account of, ii. 298.

Views from, 298.

Charles V., Spain under, i. 280.

Erroneous statements regarding, 281, _note_.

Discovery by the beginning of his reign, 283.

Title of, ii. 28, _note_.

Cortés’ First Letter to, 59.

Discussion before, on the civilization of Indians, 74.

Montezuma’s gifts to, iii. 6-10.

His first visit to Spain after his accession, 25.

His treatment of envoys from Cortés, 27.

Second Letter to, by Cortés, iii. 241, 354.

Grant by, to Cortés, for capturing Guatemozin, iv. 102, _note_.

Third Letter to, from Cortés and one from the army, 136, 138.

In Spain, 143.

Board selected by, respecting Cortés, 143.

Powers given by, to Cortés, 146.

Fifth Letter to, 178, _note_, 331.

Appoints a _juez de residencia_, 204.

Writes to Cortés, 205; orders him to return to Spain, 210.

Gives audience to him, 218.

Confides in Cortés, 219.

Visits him, 219.

Honors and rewards Cortés, 220.

Goes to Italy, 224.

Absence of, 238.

Applications to, by Cortés, and the result, 240.

Last Letter to, by Cortés, 241, 337.

Charnay, cited, i. 17, _note_, 259, _note_, 265, _note_.

Chase, Montezuma’s fondness for the, ii. 364, 365.

Chastity, injunctions as to, iv. 270.

Chess, ii. 17, _note_.

Chiahuitztla, visit to, ii. 43.

Chiapa, Bishop of, ii. 77.

See _Las Casas_.

Chiapa, resemblances to architecture in, i. 258, 261.

Chichemecatl, a Tlascalan chief, iii. 300, 366, iv. 57.

Chichimecs, i. 16, 18, 19, _note_, 253.

Chicxulub, Chronicle of, i. 122, _note_, 339, _note_.

Chief of Men, i. 25, _note_.

Chilan Balam, i. 122, _note_.

Children, baptizing and naming of, i. 78, 240.

Education and discipline of, 83, 166.

Sacrificed, ii. 193.

Cortés’ treatment of, 205.

Stew of, for Montezuma, 301, _note_.

Chimalpopoca, sacrificed, i. 99, _note_.

China, i. 56, _note_, 71, _note_, 161, _note_.

See _Chinese_.

Chinantla, lances from, iii. 44, 52.

Chinantlan allies aid Cortés, iii. 44, 74.

Chinese, i. 147.

Their language and the Othomi, 251.

Iron among the, 271, _note_.

See _China_.

Chivalry, spirit of, in the troops, iii. 340, iv. 71.

Chocolate, i. 52, _note_, 150, 170, ii. 302.

Cholula, traditions connected with Quetzalcoatl at, i. 72,

ii. 10, 182, iii. 6.

Coincidences of the tower of Babel and the temple of, i. 235.

Account of, ii. 3, 180, 182, 185.

Pilgrims to, 187.

Entered by the Spaniards, 190.

Massacre, 213, _note_.

Junction of Cortés and Velasquez de Leon at, iii. 44, 49.

Olid’s countermarch on, 228.

Cholulan allies, iii. 228, iv. 56.

Cholulans, ii. 100.

Distrust of, 100, 176, 178.

Summons to the, 177, 178.

Embassy from the, 178.

Their reception of the Spaniards, ii. 190.

Conspiracy of the, 194.

To aid Cortés, 197.

Massacred, 201.

Efforts to convert, 216.

Christianity, ideas, rites, and usages not unlike to, among

the Mexicans, i. 69, 78, 82, ii. 333.

Measures for conversion to, i. 286, 356, 357, ii. 55, 90,

96, 97, 170, iv. 190, 192.

Similarity of Quetzalcoatl’s teachings to, ii. 182, _note_.

On conquest for conversion to, 209.

Duty to convert to, 209.

Attempts to convert Montezuma to, 261, 265, 364, iii. 14.

Maxixca, 235;

his son, and Xicotencatl, 244.

After the Conquest, iv. 152, 165.

Rapid spread of, 166.

See _Cortés_.

Christians, in captivity, i. 315, 333, 339.

See _Christianity_.

Chronology, i. 126, 129.

Churches, iii. 184, iv. 78, 152.

Cihuaca, cacique, killed, iii. 200.

Cihuacoatl, title of Mexican magistrate, i. 42, _note_.

See _Cioacoatl_.

Cimatlan, phonetic sign for, i. 111.

Cioacoatl, Eve and, i. 236.

Circulating medium, i. 161, ii. 318.

Cities, division of, i. 82.

See _Towns_.

Civilization, Mexican claim to, i. 97.

Of the Tezcucans over the rest of Anahuac, 219.

Essay on the origin of Mexican, 225;

similarity and dissimilarity of, in the two continents, 232;

two general conclusions respecting it, 272.

In Yucatan, 290, 292.

In Cozumel, 334.

At Tabasco, 350.

Of Tlascala, ii. 107, 109.

As shown in Indian manuscripts, 63, _note_.

Of Indians, discussed, 74.

At Iztapalapan, 242-245.

In Mexico, 271.

See _Refinement_.

Clavigero, i. 4, _note_, 14, _note_.

On Boturini’s authorities, 14, _note_.

Dates from, 22, _note_.

Notices of, and of his Storia antica del Messico, 26, 64.

On the high-priest, 81, _note_.

On the number of human sacrifices, 94, _note_.

Catalogue of Mexican historians by, 112, _note_.

On Aztec fairs, 126, _note_.

On Mexican dialects, 249, _note_.

On the population of Tlascala, ii. 121, _note_.

Clemencin, on coins, ii. 18, _note_.

Clement VII., pope, iv. 213, _note_.

Cloths, Mexican, i. 58, 159, ii. 181.

See _Cotton_, _Feather-work_, and _Mantles_.

Coanaco, made cacique of Tezcuco, iii. 264.

Joins the Aztecs, 264.

Puts Spaniards to death, 264.

Destroys his brother, 265.

Escapes from Tezcuco, 268.

Captured, iv. 100.

Coatepec, town of, iii. 263.

Coatzacualco, ii. 372, iii. 77, iv. 177.

Cochineal, i. 159, ii. 87, 314, _note_.

Cocotlan, ii. 93.

Code, military, iii. 254, iv. 324.

See _Laws_.

Codex Telleriano-Remensis, i. 95, _note_, 120, _note_.

Cofre de Perote, a volcano, ii. 91.

Cogolludo on ruins in America, i. 267, _note_.

Cojohuacan, iii. 347, 367, 375, iv. 105.

Cortés’ residence at, iv. 134, 209.

Provisions respecting, in Cortés’ will, 243.

Cojohuacan causeway, iii. 348, 375, iv. 6.

Colhuacan, hospital at, ii. 6.

Colhuans, i. 20, _note_.

Coliman founded, iv. 155.

Colonial administration of Spain, under Charles V., i. 282.

Colonization, progress of, by the beginning of the reign

of Charles V., i. 285.

Not attempted

by Grijaiva, 294.

Velasquez obtains authority for, 316, _note_.

Plan of, at Vera Cruz, ii. 29.

At Coatzacualco, 372.

Color of Mexican hierogyphics, i. 109.

Columbus, Christopher, i. 287.

Columbus, Diego, i. 287.

Columbus, Ferdinand, i. 296, _note_.

Commission. See _Hieronymite commission_.

Communion, Aztec and pagan, i. 239, 241.

“Companions,” the, i. 133, _note_.

Compurgators, i. 46, _note_.

Concubines of Tezcucan princes, i. 200.

Confession, Aztec, i. 82.

Among Tartars, 244, _note_.

Conquests, not always partitioned, i. 54, _note_.

On the right of, ii. 208, 209, 354.

Conspiracy, ii. 65, 194, iii. 356.

Constant, Benjamin, i. 134, _note_.

Continency of Aguilar, i. 340.

Convent, of St. Francis, ii. 89, _note_, iv. 202.

Cortés and Columbus at La Rabida in Spain, iv. 213.

Conversion, Las Casas on forced, i. 338, _note_, iv. 290, 291.

Object of the Spaniards, iii. 244.

See _Christianity_.

Cook, James, Captain, i. 229, _note_.

Copal, tribute of, i. 53, _note_.

Copan, city of, iv. 194.

Copper, tools of, i. 260.

Weapons headed with, ii. 134.

Cora language, i. 253, _note_.

Cordillera mountains, i. 8.

Cordova, Gonsalvo de, iv. 250.

Cordova, Hernandez de, i. 289.

Corn. See _Indian corn_.

Coronation of Montezuma, ii. 4.

Corral, ensign, iii. 328, iv. 45.

Cortés, Hernando, expedition of, to Honduras, i. 267,

_note_, iv. 175, 203, _note_.

Velasquez selects him for an expedition, 297-313.

Birth and genealogy of, 297.

His early years, 298.

In Hispaniola, 302.

In Cuba, 303.

Marriage of, with Catalina Xuarez, 304, 308, 310.

His difficulties with Velasquez, 304, 311.

Put in irons, 305.

Escapes twice, 306, 307.

The Armada intrusted to him as Captain-General, 311, 316, 321.

Applies all his money to fitting out the fleet, 314, 321, ii. 29.

Instructions to, by Velasquez, i. 315, iv. 284.

His clandestine embarkation, i. 319.

His measures for equipment, 319, 321, 322.

Described, 324.

Strength of his armament, 328.

His address to his soldiers, 329.

At Cozumel, 332.

Endeavors to liberate captive Christians, 333.

His zeal to convert the natives, 335, 356, ii. 22,

41, 52, 90, 96, 216, 325, 327, iii. 245, 254, 350,

iv. 162, 244.

At Tabasco, i. 342, 350.

His first interview with Mexicans, 364.

His presents and demands to see Montezuma, 368.

Embassy returns to, with presents from Montezuma, ii. 16. (See _Montezuma_.)

His second message to Montezuma, 19.

The reply, 21, 22.

First made acquainted with the condition of Mexico, 25, 42.

His resignation and reappointment, 30, 31, iii. 55.

His policy with the Totonacs and Montezuma, ii. 45.

Another Aztec embassy to, 49.

Aids the cacique of Cempoalla, 51.

Hangs up Morla, 51.

Reconciles Totonacs, 52.

His despatches to Spain, 57, 59, 60, _note_, 61.

Condemns conspirators, 66.

Destroys his ships, 68, 70, 71, _note_. (See _Armada_.)

His embassy to Tlascala, 100.

His vigilance, 101, 118, 143, 169, 198, 222, 237, _note_, 259, iii. 22.

His march to Tlascala, ii. 102, 147, 162.

Ill of a fever, 147, 161.

Standards borne by, 148, _note_.

Malecontents expostulate with, 150.

Mutilates Tlascalan spies, 154.

Montezuma discourages his visit to Mexico, 159.

Called Malinche, 175, iii. 134.

Invited to Mexico, ii. 175.

Massacre by, at Cholula, 201-206.

Prohibition of wanton injuries by, 205, 212.

Encourages the disaffection of the Aztecs, 233.

His entrance into Mexico, 246.

Visited by Montezuma, 251.

His quarters, 257.

His visit to Montezuma, 263.

Descendants of, now in Mexico, 263. (See _Monteleone_.)

Visits the market, 311;

the great temple, 319, 322;

its sanctuaries, 325.

Chapel granted to, 332.

Discovers hidden treasures, 333.

His seizure of Montezuma, 342;

fetters him, 351;

unfetters him, 352.

Seizes Cacama, 370.

Willing to relinquish his share of Montezuma’s gift, iii. 13.

On profaning Mexican temples, 18.

Learns Narvaez’s arrival, 37.

His treatment of envoy prisoners, 38.

His letter to Narvaez, 39;

marches against him, 43.

His parting with Montezuma, 46.

His strength, 52.

Met by Guevara and Duero, as envoys, 53, 56.

Summons Narvaez, 56;

assaults and defeats him, 62-69;

his treatment of him, 69;

of the captives and his own troops, 75.

His return to Mexico, 79.

His forces, 80, 95.

In ill-humor, 95.

Releases Cuitlahua, 96.

Rehorses Duero, 118.

Wounded, 120, 128, 145, 187, 199, 209, 339, iv. 43.

Leads in storming the great temple, iii. 128.

Addresses the Aztecs through Marina, 134.

Builds a _manta_, 140.

Deceived and releases priests, 143.

Exposures and hardihood of, 144.

Montezuma’s last conversation with, 149.

His respect for Montezuma’s memory, 157.

His retreat from Mexico, 163.

At Popotla, 174.

Loss of his Diary, 180.

Kills Cihuaca at the battle of Otumba, 200.

At Tlascala, 208.

Remonstrance with, by the troops, 212.

His expedition against the Tepeacans, 225;

against Quauhquechollan, 228.

At Itzocan, 231.

Increase of his authority, 232.

His plans for recovering Mexico, 233, 245, 251, 259, 365, 366.

His Second Letter to the emperor, 239.

His despatches to St. Domingo, 243.

Triumphal return of, to Tlascala, 243.

His forces, 251.

Enters Tezcuco, 266.

His mission to Guatemozin, 283.

Reconciles Indian allies, 293.

His reception of brigantines from Tlascala, 301.

Reconnoitres the capital, 304, 314, 325.

Seized and rescued, 339.

At Xochimilco, 342.

At Cojohuacan, 347.

Orders of, respecting his bones, 348, _note_, iv. 243.

Dejected, iii. 350.

Proceedings in Spain in regard to, 355.

Conspiracy against, in the camp, 356.

His body-guard, 362.

His forces, 364.

Makes three divisions, 367, _note_.

At Iztapalapan, iv. 4.

Takes post at Xoloc, 7.

His movements on the causeway, 10.

Levels buildings, 21, 63, 72.

His proffers to Guatemozin, 34, 89, 97.

Assaults the city, 38.

Reconnoitres Alderete’s route, 39.

Seized and rescued, 43.

Anxiety respecting, 47.

Gives the command to Sandoval, 50.

His entries into the _tianguez_, 79.

Murderous assault by, 93.

His last assault, 97.

His reception of Guatemozin, 103;

permits him to be tortured, 130.

Sends detachments to the Pacific Ocean, 133.

Rebuilding of Mexico by, 135, 145, 151.

His Third Letter, and one from the army, 136, 138.

Sends costly presents to Spain, 137, _note_.

Complaints against, in Spain, 139.

Board appointed respecting, 144.

The charges against, and the replies, 144, 204, 226.

Commission and powers given to, 147.

Founds settlements, 155.

Joined by his wife, 158.

The ordinances made by, 158, _note_.

His scruples about slavery, 159, 162, 243.

Suppresses the royal instructions annulling _repartimientos_, 161, _note_.

His desire of religious teachers, 162.

His regulations respecting agriculture, 168.

Voyages and expeditions of, 170.

His instructions for expeditions, 172.

Looks into the resources of the country, 172, 176, 197.

His Fifth Letter, 178, _note_, 210, 331.

At Truxillo, 196.

Further plans of conquest by, 196.

Embarks and returns, 200.

Sick and despondent, 201.

Driven to Cuba, 201.

At San Juan de Ulua and Medellin, 201.

Triumphal return of, to Mexico, 202.

Superseded by a _juez de residencia_, 204.

Further faction against, in Spain, 204.

Urged to assert his authority, 208.

Ordered to leave Mexico, 208.

Ordered to Spain, 210.

Arrival of, in Spain, 213.

Meets Pizarro, 213.

At Guadaloupe, 216.

His reception, 217.

His interview with the emperor, 218.

Marquis of Oaxaca, 220.

Gift of land to, 220.

Not reinstated in government, 221.

Captain-General of New Spain, 222.

Second marriage of, 223.

Embarks for New Spain, 225.

An investigation of his conduct by the Royal Audience, 226.

Accused of murdering his first wife, 226.

To keep ten leagues from Mexico, 229.

Welcome to, at Tezcuco, 229.

Retires to Cuernavaca, 230.

Expeditions of, for discovery, 232, 235.

His final return to Castile, 238.

His attendance on the Council of the Indies, 238.

Joins an expedition against Algiers, 239.

Wrecked, 239.

His applications to the emperor, 240.

His last letter to him, 241, 337.

Prepares to return to Mexico, 243.

Sick, 243.

His will, 243.

Dies, 246.

Obsequies of, 247, 342.

His children and descendants, 249-250.

His character, 251.

Ascendency over his soldiers, 254.

Compared to Hannibal, 255.

As a conqueror, 256.

Not cruel, 257.

In private life, 258.

His bigotry, 259.

His dress and appearance, 261.

His education, 262.

See _Spaniards_.

Cortés, Don Luis, iv. 250.

Cortés, Don Martin, iii. 25.

Exertions of, for his son, iv. 142.

Death of, 212.

Cortés, Don Martin, son of Cortés by his second marriage, iv. 238.

Wrecked, 239.

Provision for, 242.

Present at his father’s death, 246.

Persecuted, 249.

Cortés, Don Martin, son of Marina, i. 362, iv. 192, 250.

Cosmogony, Humboldt on, i. 75, _note_.

Cotton dresses, i. 52, ii. 217, 261.

Cotton mail, or escaupil, or jackets quilted with

cotton, i. 58, 324, 351, ii. 134, 135.

Cottons, given to Cortés, i. 368, ii. 17, 50.

Council, of finance, i. 184.

Of justice, 184.

Of state, 184.

Of war, 184.

Of music, 185.

Council of the Indies, i. 282.

Ordinances by the, iii. 355, iv. 140.

Reception of Cortés by the, iv. 238.

Couriers, i. 55, _note_, 141.

Courts, Aztec, i. 43-47.

Merchants allowed to have, 164.

At the Mexican market, ii. 318.

Coxcox, survived the Deluge, i. 233.

Cozumel, i. 292, 332-339.

Cozumel Cross, i. 238, 239, _note_.

Crimes, punishments for, i. 48.

Cross, the, a common symbol of worship, i. 335, _note_.

See _Crosses_.

Crosses of stone, at Palenque, i. 239.

Cozumel, 239, _note_.

Frequency of, 239, ii. 90, and _note_.

Antiquity and generality of, among pagans, 241.

In Yucatan, 292.

In Cozumel, 334.

At Naulinco, ii. 90.

On raising, at Tlatlanquitepec, or Cocotlan, 96.

At Tlascala, 173, 174.

Upon Quetzalcoatl’s temple at Cholula, 217.

At Mexico, 328, iii. 16.

Pulled down, iii. 132.

Cruz del Marques, 336.

Crowning of Aztec sovereigns, i. 37.

Cruz del Marques, mountain, iii. 336.

Cuba, i. 287.

Expeditions from, to Yucatan, 289-295.

Cortés in, 303-307.

Propositions in the army to return to, ii. 20, 25, 27.

Cortés’ emissaries land at, 64.

Las Casas’ labors in, 73.

Cortés’ apprehensions from, 220.

Sailing of Narvaez’s fleet from, iii. 33.

Desire of troops to return to, 212, 357.

Return of some to, 236.

Cortés driven to, iv. 201.

See _St. Jago de Cuba_, and _Velasquez_.

Cuernavaca, or Quauhnahuac, capture of, iii. 332-336.

Asks aid, iv. 61.

Cortés’ residence at, 230.

Remarks on, 230.

Cuicuitzca, made cacique of Tezcuco, ii. 371, _note_, iii. 264.

Put to death, iii. 265.

Cuitlahua, lord of Iztapalapan, ii. 236.

Interview of, with Cortés, 242.

Accompanies Montezuma, 251.

Released, iii. 96, 218.

Supplies Montezuma’s place, 97, 121, _note_.

Arouses the Aztecs for the battle of Otumba, 195, 218.

Notice of, 217.

Dies of smallpox, 235, 246.

Succeeded by Guatemozin, 249.

Cuitlahuac, Spaniards at, ii. 241.

Culinary science, Aztec, ii. 301.

Currency, Mexican, i. 161, ii. 318.

Cycles, Aztec, i. 74, 127, _note_, 129.

Persian, 127, _note_.

Etruscan 128, _note_.

Wheels of, 132, _note_.

Of the lunar reckoning by the priests, 132, _note_.

Analogies respecting, in the Old and the New World, 232, 246.

Cypress, Cortés’, ii. 98.

Size of, 298.

D

Dancing, Mexican, i. 171, and _note_.

Darien, Isthmus of, crossed, i. 284.

Colony there, 285, 340.

Oviedo there, iii. 98.

Dates, on Mexican, i. 129.

Daughters, counsels to, i. 166, iv. 267.

Days, Aztec arrangement of, i. 127, 128.

Division of civil, 138, _note_.

Coincidences as to the signs of, 246.

Dead, burnt, i. 78, 218, _note_.

Buried, 78, _note_.

Coincidences as to the obsequies of the, 244, 245.

Carried off in battle, ii. 124, 125.

Spanish, buried, 139.

Unburied during the siege, iv. 73, 87, 105.

Buried, 108.

See _Funeral ceremonies_.

Death, a penalty, i. 42.

Judges punished with, 45.

For crimes, 45.

Inflicted on soldiers, 60.

Two sons put to, by a Tezcucan prince, 60.

Defaulters, liable to slavery, i. 54.

Deities, Mexican, i. 69-73.

Days and festivals appropriated to, 69, 88.

On unity and plurality of, 69, _note_.

Huitzilopochtli, the Mexican Mars, 70.

Quetzalcoatl, the god of the air, 71.

Penates, 75, 140.

Tezcatlipoca, 89, ii. 326.

See _Huitzilopochtli_, _Idols_, _Quetzalcoatl_, and _Tezcatlipoca_.

Delafield’s Antiquities, map in, i. 252, _note_.

Deluge, coincidences as to the, in the Old and the New World, i. 233.

Denon, on an Egyptian temple, i. 106, _note_.

De Roo, P., cited, i. 237, _note_, 238, _note_.

Devil, Mexican, i. 70, _note_, 95, _note_.

His delusion of the Aztecs, 242, _note_, 243.

Cortés possessed with the, ii. 33, _note_.

Diary of Cortés, lost, iii. 180.

Diaz, Bernal, errors of, ii. 175, _note_.

His way of life, iii. 22, _note_.

His share of spoil, 75, _note_.

Letter not signed by, 242, _note_.

Account of, and of his writings, 274-277.

Ravine crossed by, 335, _note_.

Leaves his farm to accompany Cortés to Honduras, iv. 177, _note_.

On the Christianity of Guatemozin and the prince of Tacuba, 185, _note_.

On Cortés at Honduras, 201.

His character of Cortés, 261-263.

Diaz, Juan, the licentiate, efforts of, to convert natives, i. 337, ii. 364.

His conspiracy, ii. 65.

Performs mass in the great temple, 334, iii. 17.

Dikes opened upon the Spaniards at Iztapalapan, iii. 287.

See _Causeways_ and _Breaches_.

Discovery, progress of, by the beginning of the reign of Charles V., i. 284.

Catholic and Protestant views as to, ii. 209, 210, _note_.

Progress of, under Cortés, iv. 134, 155, 170, 232, 235.

Dishes of Montezuma, ii. 300.

Divine book, or Teoamoxtli, i. 122, _note_.

Domestic manners of the Aztecs, i. 165.

Dominican friars, i. 285, ii. 75-77.

Dove, coincidences with Noah’s, i. 233, 234.

On the topmast, 301.

Drain of Huehuetoca, ii. 283.

Draught-cattle, want of, i. 158, 270, iii. 223.

Draw-bridges, Mexican, ii. 250, 286, 336, iii. 98.

Dresden Codex, i. 118, and _note_, 119, _note_, 263.

Dresses, of Aztec warriors, i. 58.

Owls embroidered on, 70, _note_.

Of Cholulans, ii. 190.

Of Aztec chiefs, 249.

Of Montezuma, 252, 300, iii. 122.

Of Mexicans, 311.

Of Indian allies, iii. 115, 253.

Drought at Tezcuco, ii. 275.

Drum, the Tlascalan, ii. 121.

The huge Mexican, 323, iii. 165.

Of the war-god, sounded for the sacrifice of Spaniards, iv. 52.

Ducat, value of the, ii. 18, _note_.

Duero, Andres de, i. 311, 318.

In Narvaez’s armada, iii. 40.

Envoy to Cortés, 53, 56.

To share in the profits, 56.

At Cempoalla, 69.

Unhorsed and rehorsed, 118.

Remonstrates, 213.

Returns to Cuba, 236.

In Spain, sustaining Velasquez, 236.

Dupaix, i. 137, _note_, 224, 258, _note_.

On Mexican tools, 260, _note_.

On antedeluvian buildings, 265, _note_.

Du Ponceau, P. S., i. 249, _note_.

On the synthetic structure of the Indian dialects, 249, _note_.

Dyes, and dye-woods, Mexican, i. 159, 285.

E

Eagle, on a standard, ii. 132, iii. 366.

Earthen-ware, Aztec, i. 159.

Earthquake, i. 110.

Ebeling, collection of maps by, iv. 179, _note_.

Eclipses, Aztec knowledge as to, i. 137.

Education, Aztec, i. 83, 166, ii. 330.

For the profession of hieroglyphical painting, i. 113.

The council of music virtually a board of, 185.

Of the Tezcucan royal household, 195.

Egyptians, temples of, i. 106, _note_.

Hieroglyphics of, 108, 109.

Sothic period of, 133, _note_.

Sophocles on the, 149, _note_.

Addresses to their kings by priests, 195.

Their representations of the human frame, 262.

Elphinstone, W., on mythology, i. 68, _note_.

Emeralds, Mexican use of, i. 155.

One of the, sent to Spain, iv. 137.

Genuineness of, disputed

by Alaman, 137, _note_.

Given by Cortés to his second wife, 223, and _note_.

Emperor, i. 37, ii. 28, _note_.

Encomiendas. See _Repartimientos_.

Entertainments, style of Mexican, i. 167.

Era, the Mexican, i. 129.

Ercilla, cited, iii. 185, _note_, 199, _note_.

Escalante, Juan de, ii. 83, 84.

Forces intrusted to, 86, 339.

Instructions to, from Cholula, 220.

Treachery towards, 339.

Mortally wounded, 339.

Escobar, ii. 32, iii. 126.

Escudero, Juan, i. 307.

Executed, ii. 66.

Estates, held by Aztec nobles, i. 39.

Estrada, _juez de residencia_, iv. 207-211.

Estrada, María de, a heroine, iii. 168.

Estrella’s manuscript, cited, i. 288, _note_, 301,

_note_, 303, _note_, 308, _note_, 309, _note_, 318, _note_.

Account of it, 331, _note_.

Etruscans, cycles of the, i. 128, _note_.

Eucharist, rite analogous to the, i. 239.

Euripides on purification, i. 241, _note_.

Eve, Aztec coincidences as to, i. 236.

Everett, Edward, i. 269, _note_.

F

Fairs, days for, i. 126, 161, ii. 317.

Traffic at, i. 161.

For the sale of slaves, 162.

At Tlascala, ii. 167.

See _Market_.

Falsehood, a capital offence, i. 185.

Famine, in Mexico, iv. 29, 35, 59, 66, 73, 74, 86.

At Honduras, 195.

Fans given by Montezuma, ii. 59, _note_.

Farfan grapples with Narvaez, iii. 66.

Feather-work, mantles of, for tribute, i. 52, and _note_.

Worn by warriors, 58.

Manufacture of, 160.

Made by the royal household of Tezcuco, 195.

Given to Cortés, 368, ii. 16, 50, 58, _note_, 159, 234.

Worn by Tlascalans, 132.

Beauty and warmth of, 311.

Female snake, i. 34, _note_.

Females. See _Women_.

Ferdinand and Isabella, state of Spain at the close of the reign of, i. 277.

Festivals, for deities, i. 69, 88.

At the termination of the great cycle, 140.

Festivities, style of, i. 167.

Feudal system, in Anahuac, i. 40, _note_, ii. 106.

Fever. See _Vómito_.

Fiefs, origin of, in Anahuac, i. 39, _note_.

Figurative writing, i. 107.

See _Hieroglyphics_.

Fire-arms, i. 351, ii. 140.

All lost in the retreat from Mexico, iii. 181.

Supply of, 238.

Fires always burning, i. 87, ii. 186, 323, 328.

First-fruits for the priests, i. 85.

Fish, reservoirs of, ii. 244.

Tanks of, 297.

Fleet fitted out by Velasquez against Cortés, ii. 65, iii. 32.

Narvaez commander of the, iii. 33.

Its strength, 33.

At San Juan de Ulua, 33.

Dismantled, 77.

See _Armada_, _Brigantines_, _Flotilla_, and _Ships_.

Fleets for discovering a strait, iv. 133, 170.

Ruined by the Royal Audience, 233.

Flemings in Spain, i. 280, ii. 73.

Floating gardens, or chinampas, ii. 240, 249, 283.

See _Gardens_.

Florida, i. 284, iv. 170.

Flotilla, Indian, destroyed, iv. 5.

Flowers, fondness for, ii. 37, 38, 191, 230, 316.

In the Iztapalapan gardens, 243.

Fohi, incarnation of the, i. 71, _note_.