in Louisville only to be drugged and robbed by some "flashlight" Negroes
who send him to Chicago. There he recovers his fortunes by giving to a
group of gamblers the correct "tip" on another race, and he makes his
way back to Louisville much richer by his visit. Throughout the story
emphasis is placed upon the superstitious element in the Negro race, an
element readily considered by men who believe in luck.
Of these ten stories, only five strike out with even the slightest
degree of independence. "Shadow" (in the _Century_) is not a powerful
piece of work, but it is written in tender and beautiful spirit. "The
Black Drop" is a bold handling of a strong situation. "The Race-Rioter"
also rings true, and in spite of the tragedy there is optimism in this
story of a man who is not afraid to do his duty. "Shadow" (in
_Everybody's_) awakens all sorts of discussion, but at least attempts to
deal honestly with a situation that might arise in any neighborhood at
any time. "A Hypothetical Case" is the most tense and independent story
in the list.
On the other hand, "Callum's Co'tin'" and "His Excellency the
Governor," bright comedy though they are, belong, after all, to the
school of Uncle Remus. "Jungle Blood" and "The Chalk Game" belong to the
class that always regards the Negro as an animal, a minor, a
plaything--but never as a man. "Abram's Freedom," exceedingly well
written for two-thirds of the way, falls down hopelessly at the end.
Many old Negroes after the Civil War preferred to remain with their
former masters; but certainly no young woman of the type of Emmeline
would sell her birthright for a mess of pottage.
Just there is the point. That the Negro is ever to be taken seriously is
incomprehensible to some people. It is the story of "The Man that
Laughs" over again. The more Gwynplaine protests, the more outlandish he
becomes to the House of Lords.
We are simply asking that those writers of fiction who deal with the
Negro shall be thoroughly honest with themselves, and not remain forever
content to embalm old types and work over outworn ideas. Rather should
they sift the present and forecast the future. But of course the editors
must be considered. The editors must give their readers what the readers
want; and when we consider the populace, of course we have to reckon
with the mob. And the mob does not find anything very attractive about a
Negro who is intelligent, cultured, manly, and who does not smile. It
will be observed that in no one of the ten stories above mentioned, not
even in one of the five remarked most favorably, is there a Negro of
this type. Yet he is obliged to come. America has yet to reckon with
him. The day of Uncle Remus as well as of Uncle Tom is over.
Even now, however, there are signs of better things. Such an artist as
Mr. Howells, for instance, has once or twice dealt with the problem in
excellent spirit. Then there is the work of the Negro writers
themselves. The numerous attempts in fiction made by them have most
frequently been open to the charge of crassness already considered; but
Paul Laurence Dunbar, Charles W. Chesnutt, and W. E. Burghardt DuBois
have risen above the crowd. Mr. Dunbar, of course, was better in poetry
than in prose. Such a short story as "Jimsella," however, exhibited
considerable technique. "The Uncalled" used a living topic treated with
only partial success. But for the most part, Mr. Dunbar's work looked
toward the past. Somewhat stronger in prose is Mr. Chesnutt. "The Marrow
of Tradition" is not much more than a political tract, and "The
Colonel's Dream" contains a good deal of preaching; but "The House
Behind the Cedars" is a real novel. Among his short stories, "The
Bouquet" may be remarked for technical excellence, and "The Wife of His
Youth" for a situation of unusual power. Dr. DuBois's "The Quest of the
Silver Fleece" contains at least one strong dramatic situation, that in
which Bles probes the heart of Zora; but the author is a sociologist and
essayist rather than a novelist. The grand epic of the race is yet to be
produced.
Some day we shall work out the problems of our great country. Some day
we shall not have a state government set at defiance, and the massacre
of Ludlow. Some day our little children will not slave in mines and
mills, but will have some chance at the glory of God's creation; and
some day the Negro will cease to be a problem and become a human being.
Then, in truth, we shall have the Promised Land. But until that day
comes let those who mold our ideals and set the standards of our art in
fiction at least be honest with themselves and independent. Ignorance we
may for a time forgive; but a man has only himself to blame if he
insists on not seeing the sunrise in the new day.
_2. STUDY OF BIBLIOGRAPHY_
The following bibliography, while aiming at a fair degree of
completeness for books and articles coming within the scope of this
volume, can not be finally complete, because so to make it would be to
cover very largely the great subject of the Negro Problem, only one
phase of which is here considered. The aim is constantly to restrict the
discussion to that of the literary and artistic life of the Negro; and
books primarily on economic, social, or theological themes, however
interesting within themselves, are generally not included. Booker T.
Washington may seem to be an exception to this; but the general
importance of the books of this author would seem to demand their
inclusion, especially as some of them touch directly on the subject of
present interest.
I
BOOKS BY SIX MOST PROMINENT AUTHORS
WHEATLEY, PHILLIS (Mrs. Peters).
Poem on the Death of the Reverend George Whitefield. Boston,
1770.
Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. London and
Boston, 1773.
Elegy Sacred to the Memory of Dr. Samuel Cooper. Boston, 1784.
Liberty and Peace. Boston, 1784.
Letters, edited by Charles Deane. Boston, 1864.
Note.--The bibliography of the work of Phillis Wheatley is now
a study within itself. Titles just enumerated are only for what
may be regarded as the most important original sources. The
important volume, that of 1773, is now very rare and valuable.
Numerous reprints have been made, among them the following:
Philadelphia, 1774; Philadelphia, 1786; Albany, 1793;
Philadelphia, 1801; Walpole, N. H., 1802; Hartford, 1804;
Halifax, 1813; "New England," 1816; Denver, 1887; Philadelphia,
1909 (the last being the accessible reprint by R. R. and C. C.
Wright, A. M. E. Book Concern). Note also Memoir of Phillis
Wheatley, by B. B. Thatcher, Boston, 1834; and Memoir and Poems
of Phillis Wheatley (memoir by Margaretta Matilda Odell),
Boston, 1834, 1835, and 1838, the three editions in rapid
succession being due to the anti-slavery agitation. Not the
least valuable part of Deane's 1864 edition of the Letters is
the sketch of Phillis Wheatley, by Nathaniel B. Shurtleff,
which it contains. This was first printed in the _Boston Daily
Advertiser_, Dec. 21, 1863. It is brief, but contains several
facts not to be found elsewhere. Duyckinck's Cyclopaedia of
American Literature (1855 and 1866) gave a good review and
reprinted from the _Pennsylvania Magazine_ the correspondence
with Washington, and the poem to Washington, also "Liberty and
Peace." Also important for reference is Oscar Wegelin's
Compilation of the Titles of Volumes of Verse--Early American
Poetry, New York, 1903. Note also The Life and Works of Phillis
Wheatley, by G. Herbert Renfro, edited by Leila Amos Pendleton,
Washington, 1916. The whole matter of bibliography has recently
been exhaustively studied in Heartman's Historical Series, in
beautiful books of limited editions, as follows: (1) Phillis
Wheatley: A Critical Attempt and a Bibliography of Her
Writings, by Charles Fred Heartman, New York, 1915; (2) Phillis
Wheatley: Poems and Letters. First Collected Edition. Edited by
Charles Fred Heartman, with an Appreciation by Arthur A.
Schomburg, New York, 1915; (3) Six Broadsides relating to
Phillis Wheatley, New York, 1915. These books are of the first
order of importance, and yet they awaken one or two questions.
One wonders why "To Maecenas," "On Virtue," and "On Being
Brought from Africa to America," all very early work, were
placed near the end of the poems in "Poems and Letters"; nor is
the relation between "To a Clergyman on the Death of His Lady,"
and "To the Rev. Mr. Pitkin on the Death of His Lady," made
clear, the two poems, evidently different versions of the same
subject, being placed pages apart. The great merit of the book,
however, is that it adds to "Poems on Various Subjects" the
four other poems not generally accessible: (1) To His
Excellency, George Washington; (2) On Major-General Lee; (3)
Liberty and Peace; (4) An Elegy Sacred to the Memory of Dr.
Samuel Cooper. The first of Heartman's three volumes gives a
list of books containing matter on Phillis Wheatley. To this
may now be added the following magazine articles, none of which
contain matter primarily original: (1) _Christian Examiner_,
Vol. XVI, p. 169 (Review by W. J. Snelling of the 1834 edition
of the poems); (2) _Knickerbocker_, Vol. IV, p. 85; (3) _North
American Review_, Vol. 68, p. 418 (by Mrs. E. F. Ellet); (4)
_London Athenaeum_ for 1835, p. 819 (by Rev. T. Flint); (5)
_Historical Magazine_ for 1858, p. 178; (6) _Catholic World_,
Vol. 39, p. 484, July, 1884; (7) _Chautauquan_, Vol. 18, p.
599, February, 1894 (by Pamela McArthur Cole).
DUNBAR, PAUL LAURENCE.
Life and Works, edited by Lida Keck Wiggins. J. L. Nichols &
Co., Naperville, Ill., 1907.
The following, with the exception of the sketch at the end, were
all published by Dodd, Mead & Co., New York.
_Poems:_
Lyrics of Lowly Life, 1896.
Lyrics of the Hearthside, 1899.
Lyrics of Love and Laughter, 1903.
Lyrics of Sunshine and Shadow, 1905.
Complete Poems, 1913.
_Specially Illustrated Volumes of Poems_:
Poems of Cabin and Field, 1899.
Candle-Lightin' Time, 1901.
When Malindy Sings, 1903.
Li'l' Gal, 1904.
Howdy, Honey, Howdy, 1905.
Joggin' Erlong, 1906.
Speakin' o' Christmas, 1914.
_Novels_:
The Uncalled, 1896.
The Love of Landry, 1900.
The Fanatics, 1901.
The Sport of the Gods, 1902.
_Stories and Sketches_:
Folks from Dixie, 1898.
The Strength of Gideon, and Other Stories, 1900.
In Old Plantation Days, 1903.
The Heart of Happy Hollow, 1904.
Uncle Eph's Christmas, a one-act musical sketch, Washington, 1900.
CHESNUTT, CHARLES WADDELL.
Frederick Douglass: A Biography. Small, Maynard & Co., Boston,
1899.
The Conjure Woman (stories). Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 1899.
The Wife of His Youth, and Other Stories of the Color-line.
Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 1899.
The House Behind the Cedars (novel). Houghton Mifflin Co.,
Boston, 1900.
The Marrow of Tradition (novel). Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston,
1901.
The Colonel's Dream (novel). Doubleday, Page & Co., New York,
1905.
DUBOIS, WILLIAM EDWARD BURGHARDT.
Suppression of the African Slave-Trade. Longmans, Green & Co.,
New York, 1896 (now handled through Harvard University Press,
Cambridge).
The Philadelphia Negro. University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, 1899.
The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches. A. C. McClurg &
Co., Chicago, 1903.
The Negro in the South (with Booker T. Washington). Geo. W.
Jacobs & Co., Philadelphia, 1907.
John Brown (in American Crisis Biographies). Geo. W. Jacobs &
Co., Philadelphia, 1909.
The Quest of the Silver Fleece (novel). A. C. McClurg & Co.,
Chicago, 1911.
The Negro (in Home University Library Series). Henry Holt & Co.,
New York, 1915.
BRAITHWAITE, WILLIAM STANLEY.
Lyrics of Life and Love. H. B. Turner & Co., Boston, 1904.
The House of Falling Leaves (poems). J. W. Luce & Co., Boston,
1908.
The Book of Elizabethan Verse (anthology). H. B. Turner & Co.,
Boston, 1906.
The Book of Georgian Verse (anthology). Brentano's, New York,
1908.
The Book of Restoration Verse (anthology). Brentano's, New York,
1909.
Anthology of Magazine Verse for 1913 (including the Magazines
and the Poets, a review). Cambridge, Mass., 1913.
Anthology of Magazine Verse for 1914. Cambridge, Mass., 1914.
Anthology of Magazine Verse for 1915. Gomme & Marshall, New
York, 1915.
Anthology of Magazine Verse for 1916. Laurence J. Gomme, New
York, 1916.
The Poetic Year (for 1916): A Critical Anthology. Small, Maynard
& Co., Boston, 1917.
Anthology of Magazine Verse for 1917. Small, Maynard & Co.,
Boston.
Edwin Arlington Robinson, in "Contemporary American Poets
Series," announced for early publication by the Poetry Review
Co., Cambridge, Mass.
WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO.
The Future of the American Negro. Small, Maynard & Co., Boston,
1899.
The Story of My Life and Work. Nichols & Co., Naperville, Ill.,
1900.
Up from Slavery: An Autobiography. Doubleday, Page & Co., New
York, 1901.
Character Building. Doubleday, Page & Co., New York, 1902.
Working With the Hands. Doubleday, Page & Co., New York, 1904.
Putting the Most Into Life. Crowell & Co., New York, 1906.
Frederick Douglass (in American Crisis Biographies). Geo. W.
Jacobs & Co., Philadelphia, 1906.
The Negro in the South (with W. E. B. DuBois). Geo. W. Jacobs &
Co., Philadelphia, 1907.
The Negro in Business. Hertel, Jenkins & Co., Chicago, 1907.
The Story of the Negro. Doubleday, Page & Co., New York, 1909.
My Larger Education. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y.,
1911.
The Man Farthest Down (with Robert Emory Park). Doubleday, Page
& Co., Garden City, N. Y., 1912.
II
ORIGINAL WORKS BY OTHER AUTHORS
BROWN, WILLIAM WELLS:
Clotelle: A Tale of the Southern States. Redpath, Boston, 1864
(first printed London, 1853).
CARMICHAEL, WAVERLEY TURNER:
From the Heart of a Folk, and Other Poems. The Cornhill Co.,
Boston, 1917.
DOUGLASS, FREDERICK:
Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. Park Publishing Co.,
Hartford, Conn., 1881 (note also "Narrative of Life," Boston,
1846; and "My Bondage and My Freedom," Miller, New York, 1855).
DUNBAR, ALICE MOORE (Mrs. Nelson):
The Goodness of St. Rocque, and Other Stories. Dodd, Mead & Co.,
New York, 1899. Masterpieces of Negro Eloquence (edited). The
Bookery Publishing Co., New York, 1914.
HARPER, FRANCES ELLEN WATKINS:
Poems on Miscellaneous Subjects. Boston, 1854, 1856; also
Merrihew & Son, Philadelphia, 1857, 1866 (second series), 1871.
Moses: A Story of the Nile. Merrihew & Son, Philadelphia, 1869.
Sketches of Southern life. Merrihew & Son, Philadelphia, 1872.
HORTON, GEORGE MOSES:
The Hope of Liberty. Gales & Son, Raleigh, N. C., 1829 (note
also "Poems by a Slave," bound with Poems of Phillis Wheatley,
Boston, 1838).
JOHNSON, GEORGIA DOUGLAS:
The Heart of a Woman, and Other Poems. The Cornhill Co., Boston,
1917.
JOHNSON, FENTON:
A Little Dreaming. Peterson Linotyping Co., Chicago, 1913.
Visions of the Dusk. Trachlenburg Co., New York, 1915.
Songs of the Soil. Trachlenburg Co., New York, 1916.
JOHNSON, JAMES W.:
Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man (published anonymously).
Sherman, French & Co., Boston, 1912.
Fifty Years and Other Poems, with an Introduction by Brander
Matthews. The Cornhill Co., Boston, 1917.
MARGETSON, GEORGE REGINALD:
The Fledgling Bard and the Poetry Society. R. G. Badger, Boston,
1916.
MCGIRT, JAMES E.:
For Your Sweet Sake. John C. Winston Co., Philadelphia, 1909.
MILLER, KELLY:
Race Adjustment. The Neale Publishing Co., New York and
Washington, 1908.
Out of the House of Bondage. The Neale Publishing Co., New York
and Washington, 1914.
WHITMAN, ALBERY A.:
Not a Man and Yet a Man. Springfield, Ohio, 1877.
Twasinta's Seminoles, or The Rape of Florida. Nixon-Jones
Printing Co., St. Louis, Mo., 1884.
Drifted Leaves. Nixon-Jones Printing Co., St. Louis, 1890 (this
being a collection of two former works with miscellanies).
An Idyl of the South, an epic poem in two parts (Part I, The
Octoroon; Part II, The Southland's Charms and Freedom's
Magnitude). The Metaphysical Publishing Co., New York, 1901.
III
BOOKS DEALING IN SOME MEASURE WITH THE LITERARY AND ARTISTIC LIFE OF THE
NEGRO
BROWN, WILLIAM WELLS:
The Black Man, His Antecedents, His Genius, and His
Achievements. Hamilton, New York, 1863.
CHILD, LYDIA MARIA:
The Freedman's Book. Ticknor & Fields, Boston, 1865.
CROMWELL, JOHN W.:
The Negro in American History. The American Negro Academy,
Washington, 1914.
CULP, D. W.:
Twentieth Century Negro Literature. J. L. Nichols & Co.,
Naperville, Ill., 1902.
ELLIS, GEORGE W.:
Negro Culture in West Africa. The Neale Publishing Co., New
York, 1914.
FENNER, THOMAS P.:
Religious Folk-Songs of the Negro (new edition). The Institute
Press, Hampton, Va., 1909.
GREGORY, JAMES M.:
Frederick Douglass the Orator. Willey & Son, Springfield, Mass.,
1893 (note also "In Memoriam: Frederick Douglass," John C.
Yorston & Co., Philadelphia, 1897).
HATCHER, WILLIAM E.:
John Jasper. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1908.
HOLLAND, FREDERIC MAY:
Frederick Douglass, the Colored Orator. Funk & Wagnalls, New
York, 1891 (rev. 1895).
HUBBARD, ELBERT:
Booker Washington in "Little Journeys to the Homes of Great
Teachers." The Roycrofters, East Aurora, N. Y., 1908.
KREHBIEL, HENRY E.:
Afro-American Folk-Songs. G. Schirmer, New York & London, 1914.
PIKE, G. D.:
The Jubilee Singers. Lee & Shepard, Boston, 1873.
RILEY, BENJAMIN F.:
The Life and Times of Booker T. Washington. Fleming H. Revell
Co., New York, 1916.
SAYERS, W. C. BERWICK:
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor: Musician; His Life and Letters. Cassell
& Co., London and New York, 1915.
SCHOMBURG, ARTHUR A.:
A Bibliographical Checklist of American Negro Poetry. New York,
1916.
SCOTT, EMMETT J., and STOWE, LYMAN BEECHER:
Booker T. Washington, Builder of a Civilization. Doubleday, Page
& Co., Garden City, N. Y. 1916 (note also Memorial Addresses of
Dr. Booker T. Washington in Occasional Papers of the John F.
Slater Fund, 1916).
SIMMONS, WILLIAM J.:
Men of Mark. Geo. M. Rewell & Co., Cleveland, Ohio, 1887.
TROTTER, JAMES M.:
Music and Some Highly Musical People. Boston, 1878.
WILLIAMS, GEORGE W.:
History of the Negro Race in America from 1619 to 1880. 2 vols.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. New York and London, 1915.
IV
SELECT LIST OF THIRTY-SIX MAGAZINE ARTICLES
(The arrangement is chronological, and articles of unusual scholarship
or interest are marked *.)
* Negro Spirituals, by Thomas Wentworth Higginson. _Atlantic_,
Vol. 19, p. 685 (June, 1867).
Plantation Music, by Joel Chandler Harris. _Critic_, Vol. 3, p.
505 (December 15, 1883).
* The Negro on the Stage, by Laurence Hutton. _Harper's_, Vol.
79, p. 131 (June, 1889).
Old Plantation Hymns, Hymns of the Slave and the Freedman,
Recent Negro Melodies: a series of three articles by William E.
Barton. _New England Magazine_, Vol. 19, pp. 443, 609, 707
(December, 1898, January and February, 1899).
Mr. Charles W. Chesnutt's Stories, by W. D. Howells, _Atlantic_,
Vol. 85, p. 70 (May, 1900).
The American Negro at Paris, by W. E. Burghardt DuBois. _Review
of Reviews_, Vol. 22, p. 575 (November, 1900).
Sojourner Truth, by Lillie Chace Wyman. _New England Magazine_,
Vol. 24, p. 59 (March, 1901).
A New Element in Fiction, by Elizabeth L. Cary. _Book Buyer_,
Vol. 23, p. 26 (August, 1901).
The True Negro Music and its Decline, by Jeannette Robinson
Murphy. _Independent_, Vol. 55, p. 1723 (July 23, 1903).
Biographia--Africana, by Daniel Murray. _Voice of the Negro_,
Vol. 1, p. 186 (May, 1904).
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, by William V. Tunnell. _Colored
American Magazine_ (New York), Vol. 8, p. 43 (January, 1905).
The Negro of To-Day in Music, by James W. Johnson. _Charities_,
Vol. 15, p. 58 (October 7, 1905).
William A. Harper, by Florence L. Bentley. _Voice of the Negro_,
Vol. 3, p. 117 (February, 1906).
Paul Laurence Dunbar, by Mary Church Terrell. _Voice of the
Negro_, Vol. 3, p. 271 (April, 1906).
Dunbar's Best Book. _Bookman_, Vol. 23, p. 122 (April, 1906).
Tribute by W. D. Howells in same issue, p. 185.
Chief Singer of the Negro Race. _Current Literature_, Vol. 40,
p. 400 (April, 1906).
Meta Warrick, Sculptor of Horrors, by William Francis O'Donnell.
_World To-Day_, Vol. 13, p. 1139 (November, 1907). See also
_Current Literature_, Vol. 44, p. 55 (January, 1908).
Afro-American Painter Who Has Become Famous in Paris. _Current
Literature_, Vol. 45, p. 404 (October, 1908).
* The Story of an Artist's Life, by H. O. Tanner. _World's
Work_, Vol. 18, pp. 11661, 11769 (June and July, 1909).
Indian and Negro in Music. _Literary Digest_, Vol. 44, p. 1346
(June 29, 1912).
The Higher Music of Negroes (mainly on Coleridge-Taylor).
_Literary Digest_, Vol. 45, p. 565 (October 5, 1912).
* The Negro's Contribution to the Music of America, by Natalie
Curtis. _Craftsman_, Vol. 23, p. 660 (March, 1913).
Legitimizing the Music of the Negro. _Current Opinion_, Vol. 54,
p. 384 (May, 1913).
The Soul of the Black (Herbert Ward's Bronzes). _Independent_,
Vol. 74, p. 994 (May 1, 1913).
A Poet Painter of Palestine (H. O. Tanner), by Clara T.
MacChesney. _International Studio_ (July, 1913).
The Negro in Literature and Art, by W. E. Burghardt DuBois.
_Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social
Science_, Vol. 49, p. 233 (September, 1913).
Afro-American Folksongs (review of book by Henry Edward
Krehbiel). _Nation_, Vol. 98, p. 311 (March 19, 1914).
Negro Music in the Land of Freedom, and The Promise of Negro
Music. _Outlook_, Vol. 106, p. 611 (March 21, 1914).
Beginnings of a Negro Drama. _Literary Digest_, Vol. 48, p. 1114
(May 9, 1914).
George Moses Horton: Slave Poet, by Stephen B. Weeks. _Southern
Workman_, Vol. 43, p. 571 (October, 1914).
The Rise and Fall of Negro Minstrelsy, by Brander Matthews.
_Scribner's_, Vol. 57, p. 754 (June, 1915).
The Negro in the Southern Short Story, by H. E. Rollins.
_Sewanee Review_, Vol. 24, p. 42 (January, 1916).
H. T. Burleigh: Composer by Divine Right, and the American
Coleridge-Taylor. _Musical America_, Vol. 23, No. 26 (April 29,
1916). (Note also An American Negro Whose Music Stirs the Blood
of Warring Italy. _Current Opinion_, August, 1916, p. 100.)
The Drama Among Black Folk, by W. E. B. DuBois. _Crisis_, Vol.
12, p. 169 (August, 1916).
Afro-American Folk-Song Contribution, by Maud Cuney Hare.
_Musical Observer_, Vol. 15. No. 2, p. 13 (February, 1917).
After the Play (criticism of recent plays by Ridgely Torrence),
by "F. H." _New Republic_, Vol. 10, p. 325 (April 14, 1917).
THE END
INDEX
A
Aldridge, Ira, 98.
Anderson, Marian, 153.
B
Bannister, E. M., 103.
Batson, Flora, 137.
Bethune, Thomas, 135-136.
Braithwaite, William Stanley, 56-64, 143, 144.
Brawley, E. M., 70.
Brown, Anita Patti, 138.
Brown, Richard L., 104.
Brown, William Wells, 66, 69, 70, 72.
Browne, R. T., 147.
Burleigh, Harry T., 80, 130-131, 138, 151.
Burrill, Mary, 146.
Bush, William Herbert, 134.
Byron, Mayme Calloway, 138-139.
C
Charlton, Melville, 134, 151.
Chesnutt, Charles W., 45-49, 89, 178.
Childers, Lulu Vere, 140.
Clough, Inez, 101.
Cohen, Octavus Roy, 148.
Cole, Bob, 99.
Coleridge-Taylor, Samuel, 125-129.
Collins, Cleota J., 153.
Cook, Will Marion, 131.
Cooper, Opal, 100.
Cotter, Joseph S., Jr., 145.
Cromwell, J. W., 71.
Crummell, Alexander, 66.
D
Dede, Edmund, 129-130.
Dett, R. Nathaniel, 132, 151.
Diton, Carl, 132, 152.
Douglass, Frederick, 4, 34, 68, 86, 88-91, 95-96.
Douglass, Joseph, 135.
Du Bois, W. E. Burghardt, 4, 50-55, 65, 68, 70, 143, 178.
Dunbar, Alice Ruth Moore (Mrs. Nelson), 36, 71, 86, 146.
Dunbar, Paul Laurence, 4, 33-44, 79, 101, 128, 178.
E
Elliott, Robert B., 85.
Ellis, George W., 67.
F
Ferris, William H., 67.
Freeman, H. Laurence, 153.
Fuller, Meta Warrick, 4, 112-124, 150.
G
Garnes, Antoinette Smythe, 153.
Garnet, Henry H., 66.
Gilpin, Charles S., 149, 156-162.
Greenfield, Elizabeth Taylor, 136-137.
Grimke, Angelina W., 146.
Grimke, Archibald H., 66, 67.
H
Hackley, E. Azalia, 140.
Hagan, Helen, 134.
Hare, Maud Cuney, 69, 141, 147, 152.
Harleston, Edwin A., 104.
Harper, Frances E. W., 75-76.
Harper, William A., 103-104.
Harreld, Kemper, 135.
Harrison, Hazel, 133.
Hayes, W. Roland, 138, 153.
Henson, Josiah, 68.
Henson, Matthew, 69.
Hill, Leslie Pickney, 146.
Hogan, Ernest, 99.
Horton, George M., 73-75.
Hyers, Anna and Emma, 137.
J
Jackson, May Howard, 113, 150.
Jamison, Roscoe C., 145.
Jasper, John, 84-85.
Jenkins, Edmund T., 132-133.
Johnson, Charles B., 145.
Johnson, Mrs. Georgia Douglas, 146.
Johnson, James W., 79-82, 130.