||Ga"rum (g"rm), n. [L., fr. Gr. ga`ros.] A sauce made of small fish.
||It was prized by the ancients.
Gar"vie (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The sprat; -- called also garvie herring, and
garvock. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Gas (gs), n.; pl. Gases (-z). [Invented by the chemist Van Helmont of
Brussels, who died in 1644.] 1. An aÎriform fluid; -- a term used at
first by chemists as synonymous with air, but since restricted to
fluids supposed to be permanently elastic, as oxygen, hydrogen, etc.,
in distinction from vapors, as steam, which become liquid on a
reduction of temperature. In present usage, since all of the supposed
permanent gases have been liquified by cold and pressure, the term has
resumed nearly its original signification, and is applied to any
substance in the elastic or aÎriform state.
2. (Popular Usage) (a) A complex mixture of gases, of which the most
important constituents are marsh gas, olefiant gas, and hydrogen,
artificially produced by the destructive distillation of gas coal, or
sometimes of peat, wood, oil, resin, etc. It gives a brilliant light
when burned, and is the common gas used for illuminating purposes. (b)
Laughing gas. (c) Any irrespirable aÎriform fluid.
Gas is often used adjectively or in combination; as, gas fitter or
gasfitter; gas meter or gas-meter, etc.
Air gas (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing air through some
volatile hydrocarbon, as the lighter petroleums. The air is so
saturated with combustible vapor as to be a convenient illuminating and
heating agent. -- Gas battery (Elec.), a form of voltaic battery, in
which gases, especially hydrogen and oxygen, are the active agents. --
Gas carbon, Gas coke, etc. See under Carbon, Coke, etc. -- Gas coal, a
bituminous or hydrogenous coal yielding a high percentage of volatile
matters, and therefore available for the manufacture of illuminating
gas. R. W. Raymond. -- Gas engine, an engine in which the motion of the
piston is produced by the combustion or sudden production or expansion
of gas; -- especially, an engine in which an explosive mixture of gas
and air is forced into the working cylinder and ignited there by a gas
flame or an electric spark. -- Gas fitter, one who lays pipes and puts
up fixtures for gas. -- Gas fitting. (a) The occupation of a gas
fitter. (b) pl. The appliances needed for the introduction of gas into
a building, as meters, pipes, burners, etc. -- Gas fixture, a device
for conveying illuminating or combustible gas from the pipe to the gas-
burner, consisting of an appendage of cast, wrought, or drawn metal,
with tubes upon which the burners, keys, etc., are adjusted. -- Gas
generator, an apparatus in which gas is evolved; as: (a) a retort in
which volatile hydrocarbons are evolved by heat; (b) a machine in which
air is saturated with the vapor of liquid hydrocarbon; a carburetor;
(c) a machine for the production of carbonic acid gas, for aÎrating
water, bread, etc. Knight. -- Gas jet, a flame of illuminating gas. --
Gas machine, an apparatus for carbureting air for use as illuminating
gas. -- Gas meter, an instrument for recording the quantity of gas
consumed in a given time, at a particular place. -- Gas retort, a
retort which contains the coal and other materials, and in which the
gas is generated, in the manufacture of gas. -- Gas stove, a stove for
cooking or other purposes, heated by gas. -- Gas tar, coal tar. -- Gas
trap, a drain trap; a sewer trap. See 4th Trap, 5. -- Gas washer (Gas
Works), an apparatus within which gas from the condenser is brought in
contact with a falling stream of water, to precipitate the tar
remaining in it. Knight. -- Gas water, water through which gas has been
passed for purification; -- called also gas liquor and ammoniacal
water, and used for the manufacture of sal ammoniac, carbonate of
ammonia, and Prussian blue. Tomlinson. -- Gas well, a deep boring, from
which natural gas is discharged. Raymond. -- Gas works, a manufactory
of gas, with all the machinery and appurtenances; a place where gas is
generated for lighting cities. -- Laughing gas. See under Laughing. --
Marsh gas (Chem.), a light, combustible, gaseous hydrocarbon, CH4,
produced artificially by the dry distillation of many organic
substances, and occurring as a natural product of decomposition in
stagnant pools, whence its name. It is an abundant ingredient of
ordinary illuminating gas, and is the first member of the paraffin
series. Called also methane, and in coal mines, fire damp. -- Natural
gas, gas obtained from wells, etc., in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and
elsewhere, and largely used for fuel and illuminating purposes. It is
chiefly derived from the Coal Measures. -- Olefiant gas (Chem.). See
Ethylene. -- Water gas (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing steam
over glowing coals, whereby there results a mixture of hydrogen and
carbon monoxide. This gives a gas of intense heating power, but
destitute of light-giving properties, and which is charged by passing
through some volatile hydrocarbon, as gasoline.
<! p. 614 !>
Gas`a*lier" (?), n. [Formed from gas, in imitation of chandelier.] A
chandelier arranged to burn gas.
Gas"-burn`er (?), n. The jet piece of a gas fixture where the gas is
burned as it escapes from one or more minute orifices.
Gas"coines (?), n. pl. See Gaskins, 1. Lyly.
Gas"con (?; F. ?), a. [F.] Of or pertaining to Gascony, in France, or
to the Gascons; also, braggart; swaggering. -- n. A native of Gascony;
a boaster; a bully. See Gasconade.
Gas`con*ade" (?), n. [F. gasconnade, from Gascon an inhabitant of
Gascony, the people of which were noted for boasting.] A boast or
boasting; a vaunt; a bravado; a bragging; braggodocio. Swift.
Gas`con*ade", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gasconaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gasconading.] To boast; to brag; to bluster.
Gas`con*ad"er (?), n. A great boaster; a blusterer.
Gas"coynes (?), n. pl. Gaskins. Beau. & Fl.
Gas*e"i*ty (? or ?), n. State of being gaseous. [R] Eng. Cyc.
Gas"e*ous (? or ?; 277), a. [From Gas. Cf. F. gazeux.] 1. In the form,
or of the nature, of gas, or of an aÎriform fluid.
2. Lacking substance or solidity; tenuous. "Unconnected, gaseous
information." Sir J. Stephen.
Gash (gsh), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gashed (gsht); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gashing.] [For older garth or garse, OF. garser to scarify, F. gercer
to chap, perh. from an assumed LL. carptiare, fr. L. carpere, carptum,
to pluck, separate into parts; cf. LL. carptare to wound. Cf. Carpet.]
To make a gash, or long, deep incision in; -- applied chiefly to
incisions in flesh.
Grievously gashed or gored to death.
Hayward.
Gash, n. A deep and long cut; an incision of considerable length and
depth, particularly in flesh.
Gash"ful (?), a. Full of gashes; hideous; frightful. [Obs.] "A gashful,
horrid, ugly shape." Gayton.
Gas`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [See Gasify.] The act or process of converting
into gas.
Gas"i*form, a. Having a form of gas; gaseous.
Gas"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gasified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gasifying.] [Gas + -fy.] To convert into gas, or an aÎriform fluid, as
by the application of heat, or by chemical processes.
Gas"i*fy (?), v. i. To become gas; to pass from a liquid to a gaseous
state. Scientific American.
Gas"ket (?), n. [Cf. F. garcette, It. gaschetta, Sp. cajeta caburn,
garceta reef point.] 1. (Naut.) A line or band used to lash a furled
sail securely. Sea gaskets are common lines; harbor gaskets are plaited
and decorated lines or bands. Called also casket.
2. (Mech.) (a) The plaited hemp used for packing a piston, as of the
steam engine and its pumps. (b) Any ring or washer of packing.
Gas"kins (?), n. pl. [Cf. Galligaskins.] 1. Loose hose or breeches;
galligaskins. [Obs.] Shak.