OUT OF CHAOS
“Let us make new propellers,
Go past old spent stars
And find blue moons on a new star path.
“Let us make pioneer prayers.
Let working clothes be sacred.
Let us look on
And listen in
On God’s great workshop
Of stars ... and eggs ...”
+Carl Sandburg.+[14]
At the time of a recent presidential election, a straw vote was taken
by the faculty of a midwestern college, which included the straw vote
of thirty-five of the professors. Seven voted for Cox, twenty-five for
Harding, and three for Debs.
Shortly afterwards an agitated citizen met one of the vote tellers on
the street.
Said the citizen, “Is it so that three of the teachers voted for Debs?”
“Yes,” said the teller, “I counted the votes, and I know that three of
the teachers voted for Debs.”
“Are they going to let them stay?” asked the agitated citizen.
“Twenty-five voted for Harding,” came the reply, “and they are going to
let them stay.”
And with the years do not the implications, both ways, of that answer
seem to have increased rather than diminished?
Here is Billy Sunday denouncing, in some of the mildest of his phrases,
the radical,--in this particular case Eugene Victor Debs: “I’m dead
against the radical in whatever form he may appear. He’s the bird I’m
after. America, I call you back to God!”
And then this is the way Billy Sunday goes on to call America back
to God: “These radicals would turn the milk of human kindness into
limburger cheese and give a pole cat convulsions. If I were the
Lord for about five minutes, I’d smash the bunch so hard--” but the
remainder is too coarse to repeat.
So much for the generous and sensitive English of a reactionary Billy
Sunday!
Here is the Radical Debs speaking in condemnation of the Bolshevistic
use of power in the execution of the Czar and his family: “I recoil
with horror and shame that such savagery should be committed in the
name of Socialist justice that has for its aim and purpose the setting
up of the higher standards of human conduct. I can find no extenuating
circumstances that would allow me to take the life of my bitterest
enemy.... We shall not wrest any justice or kindness out of life by
emulating the practices of those whose barbaric method we now denounce.”
In one respect--possibly in several--society to-day is scientifically
in advance of that public which some four hundred years ago killed
Galileo because he performed a scientific experiment. And it does
not make torches out of Christians for festal reasons on our “Roman”
holidays.
But what happens when there is any attempt to perform a political
experiment? What happens when men seek to educate other men by means
of the soap box and literature in the possibilities of what they think
would be better ways and better forms of government? The unstated
reply to this question is the story of the end and the beginning at
Sacco-Vanzetti Defense Headquarters.
The future will see that this case was a free-speech case. The present
denies this. Are men to make progress in freedom of religious thought
and speech? Are men to make progress in scientific ways, go forward in
science, but in politics, in government, have no freedom? Who stood
over Pasteur to tell him what he should do with his microscope? And yet
over three hundred years ago men killed Galileo because he tried to
perform experiments with falling bodies.
Some two thousand years ago the Roman people said, “It is more
expedient that one man should die than the people should perish
through the corrupting influence of Jesus.”
A few hundred years earlier the multitude had put Socrates to
death because he had said he did not believe in the gods the city
believed in. In science, using scalpel and microscope, test tube and
spectroscope, men are permitted to go forward. In government, in
political science, is society to condemn all those men and women to
prison in whom the spirit of research lives?[15]
These are some of the questions being asked by intelligent minorities
everywhere. And it is not impossible that as the result of those
thirteen days in Boston intelligent minorities, whether liberal
or conservative, were strengthened in purpose and confirmed in
determination to see that at all costs should be tried the experiment
of a free people governing themselves by means of free assemblage,
free discussion, and legislation that should be just to all,--what Dr.
Holmes has described as “the new mobilizing of conscience for the work
ahead.”
“But,” the Popular Mind says, “the radical is dangerous.”
Is he? What, anyhow, is the Radical?
James Harvey Robinson writes in _The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology
and Scientific Methods_: “Some mysterious unconscious impulse appears
to be a concomitant of natural order. This impulse has always been
unsettling the existing conditions and pushing forward, groping after
something more elaborate and intricate than what already existed.
This vital impulse, _élan vital_, as Bergson calls it, represents
the inherent radicalism of nature herself. This power that makes for
salutary readjustment, or righteousness in the broadest sense of
the term, is no longer a conception confined to poets and dreamers,
but must be reckoned with by the most exacting historian and the
hardest-headed man of science.”
In art, at least, radicalism means that nuclear source from which
spring the emotional and social evolution of art. And, one suspects,
in the life of government its meaning is not so very different.
When those in control of government begin to use dead forms of past
experience--say, legal--because they are without sufficient force
or sufficient idealism to create new forms of use to life as men
must live it in the present, then follow injustice and tyranny and
death. It is inevitable that selfish men should fear the change from
one economic order to another. And when for over a hundred years
both the philosopher and the economist have buttressed the practical
individual in believing that in pursuing his own good he is benefiting
the community as a whole, it is small wonder that he insists on the
righteousness of his individualistic or capitalistic point of view. It
is unquestionably true, not alone in political ways but also in some
official “religious” ways, that the execution of Sacco and Vanzetti
had been greeted with exultation. John Hays Hammond’s letter of praise
to Governor Fuller will be remembered. Bishop Lawrence’s letter to
Governor Fuller will not be forgotten,--the congratulations of a
Bishop of Christ for the decision to kill two men. What light do those
“congratulations” throw on what many had believed to be the move for
investigation on the part of liberal opinion?
For the present the power lies in the hands of individualists and
reactionaries, and many social radicals--as, for example, Mooney and
Billings--are in prison, or they have died from the hardships of their
prison experience, or have been executed. The bogy of fear--since they
are not conscience free--possesses many who are in power, and they find
a thousand subtle ways to infect the public mind with fear of those
changes which they themselves dread.[16]
The execution at midnight on August twenty-second was no sudden and
hideous grimace of fate. The preparation for this act of injustice was
implicit in the history of over half a century. In an editorial in the
_New Leader_ for August 13, 1927, James Oneal wrote: “There comes a
time in the history of nations when various phases of their development
come to a focus and signify the need of change. The old order changeth
and the new order issues out of the old. The old faiths, old views,
old war cries that once served mankind no longer serve. They harden
into prejudice and become the handmaids of reaction and despotism. They
become imbedded in law, are sanctioned by courts, and become fetters
on human progress. Eventually the fetters are broken, we enter a new
epoch, mankind rejoices, progress continues until a new crisis is
brought because new faiths, views and war cries have again become old.”
In this connection it might be well not only to remember Douglas and
Dred Scott, John Brown and Abraham Lincoln, but also _not_ to forget
Mitchell Palmer and his relation to the so-called “Red Raids.” To give
only one example, the Rand School books and furniture were destroyed
by Palmer’s Cossacks of the law, and men and women thrown down stairs
and out of windows. It might still be well to do what the _Nation_
recommended as far back as 1921: “Turn the Light on Palmer.” The files
of the Department of Justice, opened on request for such a pitiable
psychotic type as the wife-murderer Remus, are still to be opened to
help in clearing the names of two innocent Radicals who have been put
to death.
It is well _not_ to forget that in 1920 Salsedo, the friend of Sacco
and Vanzetti, was found smashed to pieces on the pavement fourteen
stories below the offices of the Department of Justice on Park Row
where Salsedo had been held _incommunicado_. Was Salsedo tortured
till he went mad and sprang out of the window? Or was he thrown out?
It should be remembered that Sacco and Vanzetti were trying to get up
a meeting about what Alfred Baker Lewis has called Salsedo’s “highly
curious death” when they were arrested. It is well not to forget that
to-day out in the Colorado coal fields, in the interests of justice (!)
peaceful picketers, having not even a club as weapon, have been shot
down by mounted troopers, and that women are being lassoed by these
guardians of the law as steers are lassoed. It is well to remember that
men and women are thrown into prison without even the formality of a
warrant, as Flaming Milka was after she had been lassoed and her wrist
broken by the brutal snapping of handcuffs upon her.
Lincoln, facing the issue of the Dred Scott decision, said: “I believe
that government cannot endure half slave and half free.” This was said
at a time when the Supreme Court had decided that negroes could not be
considered as persons but only as property. That race issue now has but
passed a specious color line, is stalled on the political boundary,
and has gone forward--if it has!--only to rephrase itself economically
as to whether wage-earners are to be considered as persons or only as
property. It would seem that there has been an attempt to answer the
question in Colorado and Pennsylvania by the machine gun and state
police.
Dr. Cohn implies in “Some Questions and an Appeal” that the
consciousness of radicalism in this country has become synonymous
with the consciousness of guilt. It is possible to change the words
“has become” to the words “has been made.” It is well not to forget
the Lusk law whose issues, although some of them have been officially
“killed,” are by no manner of means dead issues. Despite the repeated
courage of expressed opinion and action on the part of Alfred Smith as
Governor of New York State, if the constitutional rights of Socialists
cannot be barred openly, they are still taken from them illegally at
the polls and elsewhere. If there is no legal process by means of which
teachers can be gagged by loyalty tests, other means as efficient, if
less open, are being found. The question of the political control of
all schools in the state by means of the Board of Regents may come
up again, and assuredly will, if now dominant and selfish interests
succeed in herding people into the war which looms so ominously on our
horizon,--and not less so under the influence of President Coolidge’s
1928 Armistice Day speech. And finally, the creation and maintenance of
a police for the suppression of all forms of radicalism is now a fact
and not a theory, however uncodified such action may be on any book
of statutes.... Back in 1923 the _Outlook_ said that Lusk’s proposal
attacked “the fundamental principle of free government--liberty of
speech and of the press.... His proposal enlists against great names
and great memories of the past--the learning of Milton, the piety of
Jeremy Taylor, the satire of Voltaire, the eloquence of Lord Erskine.
It denies the axiom of liberty, that error is dangerless so long as
truth is left free to combat it.”
To-day with a policy as consistent as it is fearless the _Outlook_ says
in the issue of November 14, 1928: “Because in the South Braintree
case, and in the Bridgewater case that preceded it, it was not only
Sacco and Vanzetti but also our administration of justice that was on
trial. If that has failed us then we should know it. We cannot afford
to regard any miscarriage of justice as a closed case. As we value
the future safety of society, our own safety and the safety of our
children, we must be ready to listen and learn.”[17] For these reasons
_The Outlook and Independent_ has reopened the case of Sacco and
Vanzetti first by checking up on the Bridgewater hold-up, and second
by checking up on the South Braintree crime. It is now at work on the
latter.
In the issue of October 31, 1928, were published the signed confession
of Frank Silva who states that he and three others attempted the
Bridgewater hold-up, and corroborative evidence signed by James Mede
who helped plan the crime although he did not take part in it. In
order to substantiate the story further, Silas Bent and Jack Callahan
took James Mede and Frank Silva to Boston where in an automobile they
rehearsed again the crime. After their evidence was complete, Silas
Bent took it to Boston to ask Mr. Thompson whether the attorneys for
the condemned men were ignorant of the facts brought out in the two
confessions, or whether knowing the story, they did not believe it.
In the issue of November 7, 1928, Silas Bent gives a long and valuable
interview with Mr. Thompson in which the latter tells of Mr. Moore’s
attempt to interest Governor Cox in James Mede’s story while James
Mede was in the state prison in 1922; of a meeting with James Mede
after his release from prison while Mr. Moore was still counsel; and of
a meeting with James Mede in July, 1927, when he begged James Mede to
make a clean breast of what he knew.
On July 12, 1927, James Mede made a complete disclosure to Governor
Fuller after he had been assured that his confession would not be
communicated to the state police as he feared the revocation of his
license for boxing matches. After it, Governor Fuller called in Captain
Blye of the state police, asking Mede to repeat his confession to
Captain Blye alone, but indicating “hostility to Mede by words, tone
and manner.” James Mede became terrified and refused not only to
talk with Captain Blye alone but to repeat his story to the advisory
committee, which had already indicated “unwillingness to consider the
Bridgewater case.”
In August James Mede was urged to make another attempt to save
Sacco and Vanzetti. He went to the office of Captain Blye with Dr.
Santosuosso, and offered to make a full confession but his information
was refused. Thus, according to _The Outlook and Independent_, for
five years officials in Massachusetts declined to investigate James
Mede’s story. Not only did Mr. Thompson and Mr. Ehrmann know the facts
regarding James Mede and Frank Silva but they urged the interview
with Governor Fuller and sent both to Governor Fuller and the advisory
committee a letter, dated June 15, 1927, in which was marshaled all
the available evidence bearing on the relation of these two men to
the Bridgewater crime. Mr. Thompson makes clear his belief that James
Mede told the truth, and he states that the conviction of Vanzetti
in the Bridgewater hold-up not only removed from everybody’s mind
the presumption of innocence but created a presumption of guilt both
against Vanzetti and his friend and associate, Sacco.
_The Outlook_ wrote, “We must be ready to listen and learn.” The men
are dead but the issue of justice--that placard repeated and repeated
on the walls of the Defense Committee’s offices, +JUSTICE IS THE
ISSUE+--is not dead. There are many who believe that even from the
technical legal point of view the case for Sacco and Vanzetti is not
closed. Still more know, as well as believe, that not only has this
issue of justice _not_ been killed with the two men but rather that the
idea of justice has been given a new increase of life.
This power of an idea was brilliantly illustrated in the October, 1927,
number of _The World To-morrow_ when under the caption of “Fathers and
Sons” without a line of comment, its editors set the following last
sentences side by side:
_Sacco’s Good-by to His Son_
“My son, do not cry. Be strong to comfort your mother. Take her for
walks in the quiet country, gathering wild flowers, resting beneath
shady trees, and visiting the streams and the gentle tranquillity of
the Mother Nature.
“Do not seek happiness just for yourself. Step down to help the weak
ones who cry for help. Help the persecuted, because they are your
better friends. They are your comrades who fight and fall, as your
father and Barto fought and fell, to conquer joy and freedom for all
the poor workers.”
_Gary’s Advice to His Heirs_
“I earnestly request my wife and my children and descendants that
they steadfastly decline to sign any bonds or obligations of any kind
as surety for any other person or persons: that they refuse to make
any loans except on the basis of first-class, well-known securities,
and that they invariably decline to invest in any untried or doubtful
securities or property or enterprise or business.”
The power of the ideal life has within these recent years found among
others a symbolic figure in Eugene Victor Debs. Upon our entrance into
the World War Debs, even as did Sacco and Vanzetti, upheld pacifism,
and in September, 1918, he was charged with violation of the Espionage
Act, and sent to prison.
Debs would have nothing to do with that type of Christian hypocrisy
which flourishes a Sermon on the Mount in one hand while it operates
a machine gun with the other. Because of his pacifism, this “radical”
Gene Debs, always so fair and so gentle as an opponent, hating no
one, incapable of petty hatreds, was sentenced to spend ten years in
Atlanta Penitentiary.
While he was in Atlanta, he heard of the negro, Sam Moore, shunned and
feared by all, and confined in the dungeon for a brutal murder. Debs
asked to be taken to him; and when he was, he went up to this man whom
no one dared approach and put his arm around him. Emerson has said,
“The only gift is a portion of thyself.” This gift Sam Moore received
from Debs, and it made a different man of that negro, changing him from
one who was shunned by all into one who was trusted. And it was that
same despised negro criminal who said, “Gene Debs is the only Jesus
Christ I ever knew.” Sam Moore is out now, leading an upright, working
life. Debs spent three years in Atlanta Penitentiary, trusted and
beloved. Then on Christmas Day, 1921, President Harding released him.
This is a brief record of the activities of the man who was five times
nominated for President of the United States, one of those times being
while he was in prison when he polled a vote of almost a million. This
is the man who addressed audiences numbering 25,000, and who led the
simple, loving life of a modern Christ; and who, after two years of
study, became at the age of forty-two a Socialist. For Debs socialism
did not mean the doing away with capitalism; it meant, rather, capital
socialized, the brutality, the devastating individualism taken from
it,--a system of living in which man’s sociality, his brotherhood,
would be furthered, in which there would be no bitter and separating
contrasts between rich and poor.
It was this Debs who said, “While there is a lower class, I am in it;
while there is a criminal element, I am of it; while there is a soul in
prison, I am not free.”
It was this man of simple and genuine American traditions, born in an
American family in an Indiana town, a Socialist, of whom the anarchist
Vanzetti said in that last public speech he was to make: “There is
the best man I ever cast my eyes upon since I lived, a man that will
last and will grow always more near to and more dear to the heart of
the people, so long as admiration for goodness, for virtues, and for
sacrifice will last. I mean Eugene Victor Debs.”
Vanzetti was not to hear Aldino Felicani saying of himself and Sacco,
“Ah, these are the very best men I must ever hope to know!”
It is a truism that what a man is, what he does, in his own lifetime
influences his fellow men. The miracle of influence does not lie in
that fact. The miracle of influence lies, rather, in the continued life
of influence after the death of the individual who has exerted it. In
this is found the dynamics of an idea,--directed energy released by
means of an idea which controls social and moral movements, hundreds
of years, thousands of years, after its release,--a poem thousands of
years old to which the heart and mind of man still answer; or a Messiah
whose gospel becomes more potent with the marching centuries. It is
because he possesses such influence, great in a lifetime, but in death
potentially greater than in life, that the idealist, whether he be
liberal or conservative or radical, is, and always will be, dangerous.
The lives of Sacco, Vanzetti, and Debs define, without words, the
significance, the character, and the service of the so-called
“radical.” In symbol the influence of these three, and the influence of
other idealists, will have more and more power as the years go on,--not
greatness gone or greatness vanished, but greatness growing, widening
out forever, their names already known to millions of human beings the
world over, inspiring symbols of courage and of loving-kindness. And in
such symbolism lies the miracle of human influence and its immortality.
In pursuit of the ideal such radicals as Debs, Sacco and Vanzetti
know no fear. For them in the achievement of ideal ends no cost is
too great, neither slander nor loneliness, the loss of the means
of subsistence or of life itself. There is only one loss which the
idealist, whether he be conservative or liberal or radical, can mourn,
and that is the lost opportunity to speak for those who suffer and
are wronged, as Sacco and Vanzetti did suffer and were wronged. That
is why, to use the words of Powers Hapgood, hundreds of thousands in
protest of one sort or another want to “stand up and be counted.”
And, too, as the years go on this is why as symbol in ever-widening
circles of influence the work of the Defense Committee, the courage of
brave friends, as well as the martyrdom of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo
Vanzetti, over seven long years, and the conflict and defeat of those
last thirteen days, will become greater and greater in men’s eyes.
Ralph Chaplin, who spent five years behind prison bars because he was
and is a man of peace, has in a poem expressed this courage of the
idealist:
“Mourn not the dead that in the cool earth lie--
Dust unto dust--
The calm, sweet earth that mothers all who die
As all men must;
Mourn not your captive comrades who must dwell--
Too strong to strive--
Each in his steel-bound coffin of a cell,
Buried alive;
But rather mourn the apathetic throng--
The cowed and the meek--
Who see the world’s great anguish and its wrong
And dare not speak!”
FOOTNOTES:
[14] “Good Morning, America,” by Carl Sandburg, p. 26.
[15] For brilliant discussion of political freedom _v._ “Some Problems
of Progress,” by Professor H. M. Dadourian of Trinity College in _The
Scientific Monthly_, edited by J. McKeen Cattell, October, 1922.
[16] As an illustration of terms to which such “fear” will stoop see
Appendix A and Appendix B.... These appendices discuss a few of the
recent notable forces working against freedom of speech.
[17] The series of articles bearing on the case which have been
published by the _Outlook and Independent_ so far is as follows:
“Fear,” by Edna St. Vincent Millay, November 9, 1927.
_The Outlook and Independent_, October 31, 1928.
“The Truth About the Bridgewater Hold-up,” p. 1053.
“Frank Silva’s Story,” p. 1055.
“How I Found Frank Silva,” by Jack Callahan, p. 1060.
“Checking Up the Confession,” by Silas Bent, p. 1071.
“The Bridgewater Trial,” p. 1076.
_The Outlook and Independent_, November 7, 1928.
“Checking Up the Vanzetti Story,” by Silas Bent, p. 1099.
_The Outlook and Independent_, November 14, 1928.
“Bridgewater and After,” p. 1163.
APPENDIX A
About the year 1920 to 1921 the “Blue Menace” began to use its three
arms of power: the secret service, a hired police, and signed and
unsigned propaganda against what the “Blue Menace” called the “Red
Menace.”
While Calvin Coolidge was vice president of the United States the
public had under Mr. Coolidge’s signature in the _Delineator_ for
June, 1921, the first of a series of three articles on “Enemies of the
Republic” with a sub-caption of “Are the Reds stalking our college
women?” This happened to be the third year of Debs’ term of ten years
in Atlanta Penitentiary.
It would seem that Mr. Coolidge signed these articles on the Red
Menace but did not write them. Vassar, Barnard, Wellesley, Radcliffe,
and other women’s colleges were “hotbeds of Bolshevism,” etc. But
“Smith Seems Sane,” and Mount Holyoke and Bryn Mawr escaped slashing
by signature altogether. A “Miss Smith” of the Vassar faculty--too
apparently the entire Smith family could not claim sanity!--had
offended Coolidge democracy by being favorably impressed with the
liberalism of the Soviet ambassador in Washington. Naughty Miss Smith!
“Democracy” as defined by Mr. Coolidge is an over-lord who can do no
wrong. And on the terms of such a definition, in the third of these
articles he proposed this “Coolidgism”: “When a college professor
is disloyal to the government he is no longer a college professor.”
Query: What is he? This question the Poor Professor himself sometimes
alters nowadays to read: Where am I?
Studious, scholarly Dr. Harry Laidler of the League for Industrial
Democracy had, according to the Vice President, been raising the sort
of sulphurous dust in the women’s colleges to which perfect ladies
do not refer. A certain Vida Dalton (Dutton?) Scudder, professor
of English literature at Wellesley, had offended by suggesting in
the _Socialist Review_ in an article with the title “Socialism and
Character” (a vicious title because such a conjunction is impossible of
course!) that Christianity was being exploited for purposes not exactly
Christlike. It would seem that this is a thought that has occurred to
others, too. Freda Kirchwey had erred by showing a “Williams boy” that
Barnard women could define socialism. In addition to all this--_ab
urbe condita_ horror of horrors!--“a Mary Calkins, professor of
philosophy” (she is said to have voted for Debs for President at the
recent election) was guilty of “the creed of Internationalism.” Run in
on the same page (67) of that issue where the vice president stopped
was a short story, and a loitering eye stopped beside this phrase:
“‘Oh, little Eve,’ a sob caught in her own throat, ‘love never dies.’”
Usually the month they are born that kind of love and story do die. But
the kind of love at the heart of Internationalism seems to have spread
from its groups of brave pioneers, among whom was “a Mary Calkins,” and
become a world-wide movement.
In the next article for July the “Coolidgisms” continued. The first
article had been illustrated by a grandmotherly looking wolf,
spectacles on nose--the better to see you, my dears!--and some plump
little lambs among which all college women will recognize themselves
instantly. But this second article has the picture of a thoughtful
young man resting elbow on desk, and resting coiled upon his shoulder
is a hooded cobra. Behind the cobra is a phantom-like figure--evidently
in the minds of Mr. Coolidge and the illustrator intended to be a
menacing figure. It is, rather, for the phantom looks as if under one
interpretation of democracy he had had to stand too long on an American
bread-line.
In this issue Dr. Harry F. Ward of Union Theological Seminary and the
Rand School came in for special attention, one of the “Coolidgisms”
being that “the good is never self-existent.” An aspect of this
“Coolidgism” which has, perhaps, not occurred to Mr. Coolidge, is that
idealists--all too many for a “free” democracy--are having to prove
their devotion to the ideal all too often in prison. Some of the themes
of the same issue are “Red Pedagogy,” our public schools, and “Trotsky
_vs._ Washington.” And the article closes under the caption: “In Truth
our Freedom Lies.” This moral fiat will bear looking at twice, and
may cause amusement or discomfort to those who penetrate its sinister
inversions.
The third article in the August issue, also we understand “collected”
for Mr. Coolidge and then signed by him, has a heavy muscular young
woman seated on the prostrate back of a Russian bear whose tongue is
lolling out helplessly as she jabs a two-edged sword down through the
back of Brother Bear. Study of the young woman’s features, her figure
and her draperies, suggests that she has just stepped down from the
Statue of Liberty in order to take this firm seat. Whether the bear is
_de facto_ or not the Soviet government, there are some weak “radicals”
who may find both the young woman and the sword of “righteous
authority” a bit brutal, or at least lacking in Franciscan symbols of
Christianity.
“Righteous authority” is the pivot thought on which this third and
last article in the _Delineator_ by Calvin Coolidge is swung. During
many years now Mr. Coolidge has wielded supreme authority in the
United States, among other acts carrying on an unauthorized war
against Nicaragua, and lending his silence, if not his articles, to
an unauthorized man-hunt not only for Sandino outside the confines
of the United States, but also for brave liberals in the schools,
the colleges, the churches, and the labor organizations, who dare to
interpret the truth in the developing formulæ, political as well as
educational and religious, of a developing humanity.
APPENDIX B
There is one address comment upon which it would be my wish to omit
from any summary of forces working against freedom of speech. The man
who gave this address in Lawrence, Massachusetts, on June 30, 1927, to
the Kiwanis, is himself kind to little children. He has been thoughtful
of their welfare both in legislation and control; eager for the safety
of the road and for the reduction of needless human suffering. But the
author of this address, which appeared first in the _Boston Traveller_
for June 30th and of which afterward some seventy-five thousand copies
were printed for distribution, leaves the student of these issues no
honorable choice except to analyze the speciousness of his statements.
Frank A. Goodwin begins this address, which is said to have turned the
tide of public opinion--the tuning fork from which Governor Fuller
took his pitch--with an implied compliment on the Lawrence handling
of the strikes and the “Red murderers” who had been at that time in
action. Having established an association between the character of
what the Kiwanians had seen in Lawrence and Sacco and Vanzetti whom
they had not seen, Mr. Goodwin then took about one hundred and fifty
words out of the context of a speech by Edward H. James, the nephew
of William James, which had been given at Winter Garden in Lawrence
on May 27th. Mr. Goodwin refers to these words which, however bravely
meant, inevitably would be prejudicial in conservative eyes, as coming
from the “Socialist or Red.” Since when have Socialists and Soviets
been hand in glove? If they have been, then the altogether delightful
“glove” the Socialists have received in Russia has been wholesale
imprisonment! This is the first of those inaccuracies with which this
pamphlet teems, and on the basis of which public opinion was still
further influenced.
The Socialists have themselves been time and again “broken” by the
_status quo_. But in turn as a political party they have broken
nothing,--not even the driest twig of government, for their ways are
the slow constitutional ways of education and legislation. But now, as
far as Frank Goodwin’s audience was concerned, he had tied together
“Red murderers” in the Lawrence strike, a nephew of William James,
socialism, Soviet Russia, and two philosophic Anarchists. Breaking
all the speed laws of reasoning, Mr. Goodwin then established the
guilt as murderers of Sacco and Vanzetti, sideswiping, as he did so,
“pacifists and their college professor allies” in preventing murderers
“from getting their just deserts.” Stepping on the gas, and traveling
at the rate of a Studebaker “Sheriff,” Mr. Goodwin whizzes down on
Professor Felix Frankfurter, Anita Whitney, Mooney and Billings, the
American Civil Liberties Union, R-revolution (!), and a few other road
obstructions.
By this time Mr. Goodwin is getting his car so well in hand that it
will take almost any fence. He hurdles California, skids as he reaches
“some ministers of the Gospel,” rights himself, and lands squarely in
the midst of the “Lusk Investigating Committee” where he was really at
home. All might have been well, but pulling out the throttle, the then
Registrar of Motor Vehicles goes roaring forward onto a paragraph with
the caption of “WHOSE BRAINS GUIDE.” In this little paragraph, with
his careful use of words, he rolls James Maurer, tosses “the notorious
Elizabeth Gurley Flynn,” Dean Roscoe Pound, and a few tender little
Socialists like Morris Hillquit, Scott Nearing, Norman Hapgood, Upton
Sinclair, ricochets on Professor Frankfurter, and goes smash into Roger
Baldwin, William Z. Foster, and Lenin.
His Sheriff being provided with a wonder-working bumper, despite
collision on he goes, though in exactly the opposite direction.
Neither geography nor the direction in which Mr. Goodwin is now going
is any longer a matter of importance to him. He happens to be in the
Connecticut Valley but does not know it! For just ahead he has seen
a group which he calls “College Professors Reds,” and he is in full
flight. Mr. Goodwin shows his genuine Americanism by baiting the
college professor, the worm of our national wit. What is more the
“professors” here excoriated are in the leading colleges for women.
But it is a long worm that has no turning, and apparently these poor
down-trodden things have turned. It would seem they are making a direct
assault on the human family, for Mr. Goodwin writes:
“Another obstacle is the home and the family, and a widespread
assault is now being made on the sanctity of marriage and sacred
family relations, and it is being made with great success in
the leading colleges for women, and small wonder, for we find
the presidents and professors of most of them members of the
Baldwin-Foster committee, or its allied organizations.”
Exactly what is this Baldwin-Foster Committee to which Mr. Goodwin
refers with such precision? But no matter, and there you are, all tied
up again and together: the “promiscuity” of our women’s colleges and
college women in general, and Sacco and Vanzetti. Pulling out the
choke of his trick car Mr. Goodwin rushes up over the Amherst Notch,
screeching through Old Hadley, making a record run down upon the
Hankins questionnaire in Northampton. He wrenches a few of this college
instructor’s misguided questions altogether out of their context,
thereby subverting their sociologic intention. Waving these questions
indignantly, Mr. Goodwin honks out this paragraph:
“It may be interesting to note that almost 100% of the presidents and
teachers in these colleges for women have signed petitions for the
release of Sacco and Vanzetti. It might be well before long for the
various states to found and support colleges for women where decency
and morality will be taught.”
Those who have taken a prurient interest in the questions selected by
Mr. Goodwin would do well to read the entire questionnaire. However
much the keen scholar who is at the head of Smith, and Mr. Hankins
himself, and other college professors, and presidents, may have
regretted what seems a lack of judgment shown in a few of the questions
asked, those who read the questionnaire as a whole will get, not the
false perspective of Mr. Goodwin’s methods but a true perspective of
the whole sociologic enquiry. And in conclusion, what in the world is
the connection between a class questionnaire and the Sacco-Vanzetti
frame-up?
At the top of page 11 the Sheriff had grazed Dr. S. Parkes Cadman.
This was unfortunate, for now Mr. Goodwin, for reasons no one can
understand, Dr. Cadman least of all, is headed directly upon the
Garland Fund. He now charges Robert Morss Lovett, Lewis Gannett, Norman
Thomas, Roger Baldwin (of course!), the Fellowship of Reconciliation,
the Fellowship of Youth for Peace, and returns to the Federal Council
of Churches and Emma Goldman. This return must surprise many, including
Emma Goldman herself. Since when has her association with the Federal
Council of Churches been established as even the remotest possibility?
Mr. Goodwin is now going at a record-breaking pace. Two-thirds down the
page, his car fairly leaps into the air, and the one-time Registrar of
Motor Vehicles is heard speaking these words:
... “The time has come to stop treating this thing as a joke. An
organized minority, bent on evil, cannot be ignored, when led
by desperate, unscrupulous, able men, with unlimited money, and
particularly when aided, regardless of their motives, by those who
control our colleges, and the Federal Council of Churches.”
Mr. Goodwin, now being profoundly stirred, is at his best in such
penetrating remarks as this: “An organized minority, bent on evil.”
Will some of the members of the Federal Council of Churches, Dr. Cadman
and Bishop McConnell, for example, please step forward and explain why
they are so naughty! And after they have been heard, will a judicious
selection from the Presidents of the demoralized colleges for women,
President Neilson, President Woolley, President MacCracken, please
explain to an anxious public why, despite the fact that no one of them
is even that mildest of all “Reds,” a constitutional Socialist, they
are always called “Red”? Is the _Manchester Guardian Weekly_ right
when it says: “There are, perhaps, too many societies of one sort or
another in the world already, but there seems to be a real need for
one addition--a Society for the Protection of Good Americans from the
Publicity which is Awarded to the Others.” Surely, no matter what
Mr. Goodwin and some thousands among other notable groups such as the
Daughters of the American Revolution owe them, by way of apology, the
college presidents must understand that they owe the public a pleasant
explanation for the reasons why Mr. Goodwin and others should be
allowed to slander them.
But the Registrar of Motor Vehicles and his Sheriff are growing tired.
Despite the fact that up and down several pages he has been scooping
the Connecticut Valley, Mr. Goodwin failed to refer to Waldo Cook and
the _Springfield Republican_, and none have done more valiant service
for freedom of speech and justice than these two. With weariness there
comes upon Mr. Goodwin the meditative spirit. He is slowing down; he is
going to shut off his motor; and one of the boldest drives to demolish
truth ever undertaken is almost over,--certainly since the Mitchell
Palmer, Lusk and _Delineator_-Coolidge days. As he dreams, peaceful
voices are heard, and he invokes the American Legion, Veterans of
Foreign Wars, Spanish War Veterans, and other such non-militant (!)
organizations. Reaching the last page all are found joining hands with
the Daughters of the American Revolution. It is a pretty picture of
accord, except for the fact that one is left wondering whether even the
genial Daughters would have quite enough hands to go around....
In her series of “Blue Menace” articles which appeared in the
_Springfield Republican_ from March 19 to 27, 1928,[18] Elizabeth
McCausland has given clearly the factors which lie behind the
so-called “blacklists” and the final outbursts of the D.A.R.: the
activities of the Palmer deportation raids, the Lusk legislative
committee, the Key Men of America, the Industrial Defense Association
with Headquarters at Boston, the Massachusetts Public Interests League,
together with the activities of many other reactionary organizations,
whose use of data was often as inaccurate as it was reactionary.
Is it on the basis of such carefully compiled data as these by Mr.
Goodwin that the public is to draw its conclusions with regard to the
value of the service of our educational and religious organizations,
and with regard to the guilt or innocence of Sacco and Vanzetti? In
such material as that cited is the level of a primitive mentality, the
taboos and spooks, specters and witch doctors of savages,--in short a
reversion to physical levels down to which graft and greed, selfishness
and sensuality, are fast taking the American public. Is it this
senescence of the reasoning power that is to convince people at large
that idealists--sneered at by the business interests of the country--in
education and religion and government are murderers and criminals?
FOOTNOTES:
[18] Now compiled in pamphlet form under title of “The Blue Menace,”
and published by the _Springfield Republican_. Price 10 cents.
APPENDIX C
This list represents the first five hundred protestants who replied by
wire or letter to letters or telegrams sent out by Paul U. Kellogg,
editor of _The Survey_. The letters and telegrams which went out to
the large list bore the following signatures: Jane Addams, Frederic
Almy, Charles A. Beard, Bruce Bliven, Charles C. Burlingham, Waldo
Cook, John Dewey, John Lovejoy Elliott, Haven Emerson, Ernest Freund,
Alice Hamilton, Norman Hapgood, Paul U. Kellogg, Dora Lewis, Margaret
Homer Shurtleff, Henry R. Seager, Mary E. Woolley. In many cases
replies were received from summer homes and resorts. This list is here
given alphabetically, but, except where the names occur in the text of
“Thirteen Days,” these names are not listed again in the Index.
Abbott, Miriam Worcester, Massachusetts
Abby, M. J. Colorado Springs, Colorado
Adams, Lida S. Whitefield, New Hampshire
Addams, Jane Chicago
Allen, Mary L. Cambridge, Massachusetts
Almy, Frederick Buffalo
Amberson, Wm. R. University of Pennsylvania
Amidon, Beulah New York City
Amidon, Charles F. Fargo, North Dakota
Andrews, Esther New York City
Antin, Mary Great Barrington, Massachusetts
April, Reba Chicago
Arms, Katharine Fuller Greenfield, Massachusetts
Arthur, Katharine Philadelphia
Arthur, Mary Philadelphia
Aub, T. Huntington, New York
Bailey, Forrest New York City
Baker, Edith M. Northampton, New Hampshire
Baldwin, Ruth Standish Gloucester, Massachusetts
Ball, Steadman Topeka, Kansas
Barasch, William Brooklyn, New York
Barbour, Elizabeth Poughkeepsie, New York
Barbour, Violet Poughkeepsie, New York
Barnard, Anne New York City
Barry, Grace Ashland, New Hampshire
Bass, Basil N. New York City
Beard, Charles A. New Milford, Connecticut
Beard, Charles R. New York City
Bearse, Mary New York City
Beck, Dr. and Mrs. F. Asbury Park, New Jersey
Beck, Isabel, Dr. Asbury Park, New Jersey
Belson, Heinrich Brighton, Massachusetts
Bemis, Evelyn New York City
Bergmann, Henry H. Washington, D. C.
Bernstein, Sadie Chicago
Bigelow, Francis Hill Cambridge, Massachusetts
Binger, Dr. Carl A. L. New York City
Binger, Clarinda G. New York City
Bingham, G. W. Boston
Birchard, C. C. New York City
Birtwell, Frances M. Cambridge, Massachusetts
Bliven, Bruce New York City
Blumberg, Dorothy Brooklyn, New York
Blumberg, Philip Brooklyn, New York
Bockius, Elizabeth G. Whitefield, New Hampshire
Bockius, Frances G. Whitefield, New Hampshire
Bollman, Mary Woodstock, New York
Bontecou, Eleanor Cambridge, Massachusetts
Boretz, Mary E. New York City
Bradford, Esther Philadelphia
Bradford, Robert Philadelphia
Brenk, Deltev W. Swarthmore, Pennsylvania
Bronfenbrenner, Jacques Rockefeller Institute
Brown, Geoffrey C. East Orange, New Jersey
Brown, William T. Cleveland Park, D. C.
Brubaker, Howard South Norwalk, Connecticut
Bucek, Mary L. Medford, Massachusetts
Burlingham, Charles C. New York City
Byrns, Elinor St. George, New York
Calkins, Charlotte W. Newton, Massachusetts
Calkins, Mary Newton, Massachusetts
Canfield, H. L. Woodstock, Vermont
Caplan, Frances R. Bridgton, Maine
Capon, Ruth J. Framingham, Massachusetts
Carner, Lucy Ogunquit, Maine
Case, Mary S. Dorset, Vermont
Cattell, J. McKeen Garrison-on-Hudson, New York
Cattell, McKeen Cornell Medical School
Chamberlain, J. E. Boston
Chambers, Robert Cornell Medical School
Chappell, A. W. New York City
Chase, Robert S. Boston
Chase, Mrs. Robert F. Boston
Clark, Sue Ainslee Walpole, Massachusetts
Clement, Sumner Boston
Clumberg, Edith Brooklyn, New York
Codman, John S. Boston
Codman, Margaret Ashland, New Hampshire
Coit, Eleanor New York City
Coleman, Mrs. George W. Boston
Collettireina, Ignacius, M.D. New York City
Collettireina, Marie, M.D. New York City
Collington, D. Philadelphia
Collington, F. Philadelphia
Commons, John R. Madison, Wisconsin
Conant, M. P. Boston
Connell, Dinah Chicago
Converse, Florence Wellesley, Massachusetts
Cook, Waldo Springfield, Massachusetts
Cooperman, Abe Chicago
Cowan, Sarah New York City
Cowing, Agnes New York City
Crouch, F. M. Rye, New York
Cunningham, Helen New York City
Curtis, Isabelle Ashland, New Hampshire
Curtis, W. C. University of Missouri
Cushman, Joan New York City
Darr, John W. Northampton, Massachusetts
Davidson, C. Colorado Springs, Colorado
Davies, Anna Philadelphia
Davis, Anna N. Boston
Davis, Grace D. Hyannis, Massachusetts
Davis, Helen M. Hyannis, Massachusetts
Davis, Janet Magog, Quebec
Davis, Lucy Hyannis, Massachusetts
Davis, Martha M. Hyannis, Massachusetts
Davis, Michael M., Jr. Magog, Quebec
Day, Elizabeth R. Cambridge, Massachusetts
Day, Hilbert F., M.D. Boston
Deardorff, Neva R. New York City
Devine, Edward T. New York City
Dewey, Boris New York City
Dewey, John New York City
Dexter, Smith O. Westport, Massachusetts
Dorsch, Anna Wakefield, Rhode Island
Drake, E. H. Brooklyn, New York
Drew, Medora New York City
Drown, Rev. Edward S. Cambridge, Massachusetts
Drown, Mrs. Edward S. Cambridge, Massachusetts
Dun, Rev. Angus Cambridge, Massachusetts
Dunn, O. New Brunswick, New Jersey
Dutcher, Carolene New York City
Dutcher, Elizabeth Brooklyn, New York
Eddy, Sarah J. Portsmouth, Rhode Island
Edsall, Pendleton Kennedy Boyce, Virginia
Elder, E. D. Baltimore, Maryland
Elliott, James W. Duxbury, Massachusetts
Elliott, John Lovejoy New York City
Elliott, Martha H. Duxbury, Massachusetts
Ellis, Mabel Brown New York City
Emerson, Haven, M.D. New York City
Emmons, M. D. Jamestown, Rhode Island
Estabrook, Emma F. Brookline, Massachusetts
Estabrook, Harold K. Brookline, Massachusetts
Farnam, Henry W. New Haven, Connecticut
Farnam, Mrs. Henry W. New Haven, Connecticut
Farnam, Louise, M.D. New Haven, Connecticut
Farr, Albert Madison, New Jersey
Feder, Leah New York City
Feigus, L. Brooklyn, New York
Fenningston, Sylvia New York City
Ferrari, F. New Haven, Connecticut
Field, Mrs. H. H. Cambridge, Massachusetts
Fishelman, B. Brooklyn, New York
Fitch, John A. New York City
Forbes, Howard C. Cambridge, Massachusetts
Forbes, Mr. and Mrs. J. Yonkers, New York
Forbes, J., Jr. Yonkers, New York
Forbes, Mrs. J. Malcolm Boston
Frank, Virginia Chicago
Franklin, Adele Kingston, New York
Freund, Ernst Chicago
Fried, Fanny New York City
Friedman, H. M. New York City
Fuller, Anne C. Greenfield, Massachusetts
Fuller, Elizabeth Greenfield, Massachusetts
Fuller, Mary W. Greenfield, Massachusetts
Fuller, Raymond G. White Plains, New York
Gallagher, Rachel West Lebanon, New York
Gannett, Lewis S. New York City
Gans, Mrs. Howard S. New York City
Garside, M. Poughkeepsie, New York
Gasponi, M. Pittsburgh
Gemberling, Adelaide Princeton, New Jersey
Gibbs, Howard A., M.D. Boston
Gilbert, Dorothea New York City
Gilley, Dr. Southwest Harbor, Maine
Gilman, Dr. J. Brooklyn, New York
Gilson, Mary B. Woodstock, New York
Glusker, Albert Chicago
Gold, Archibald Asbury Park, New Jersey
Goldthwaite, Anne New York City
Goldthwaite, Lucille A. New York City
Goldthwaite, Lucy New York City
Goldwater, Clara A. Huntington, New York
Goldwater, S. S. Huntington, New York
Goodenough, Carolyn North Rochester, Massachusetts
Grady, Alice H. Boston
Grain, V. Brooklyn, New York
Grave, B. H. Wabash College
Green, Ada E. Bridgton, Maine
Gretsch, Laura Asbury Park, New Jersey
Gretsch, Vera Asbury Park, New Jersey
Gruening, Mrs. Dorothy Smith Portland, Maine
Gunterman, B. L. New York City
Guy, Alma I. New York City
Guy, David New Haven, Connecticut
Guy, Florence New Haven, Connecticut
Guy, Seabury New Haven, Connecticut
Hamilton, Alice, M.D. Boston
Hamilton, Edith New York City
Hamilton, Maud M. New York City
Hanson, Eleanor Pittsburgh
Hapgood, Hutchins New York City
Hapgood, Norman New York City
Hardy, May Caroline, Jr. Boston
Hart, Henriette White Plains, New York
Hartshorn, Cora Shorthills, New York
Hawkes, Abigail T. New York City
Hays, Arthur Garfield New York City
Hechtman, Eva Chicago
Heinzen, R. Prang Rockport, Massachusetts
Henken, M. Brooklyn, New York
Hentel, Celia Bridgton, Maine
Herring, Hubert C. Boston
Herwig, Rammett New York City
Herzog, Adrien Blanchard Lenox, Massachusetts
Hicks, Mary Bainbridge, Georgia
Hicks, Mildred Bainbridge, Georgia
Himwish, A. A. New York City
Hirsch, Elizabeth Chicago
Hocking, W. E. Cambridge, Massachusetts
Hodder, J. A. New York City
Hodder, Thelma D. New York City
Hodge, H. H. Wyoming, Pennsylvania
Hoffman, Daniel Asbury Park, New Jersey
Hoffman, Daniel, Jr. Asbury Park, New Jersey
Hoffman, Frances Asbury Park, New Jersey
Hohman, Martha New York City
Hollsmith, Elise Danbury, New Hampshire
Holmes, Hector Boston
Holton, James C. Brooklyn, New York
Hooker, George E. Chicago
Hoover, Ellison New York City
Hopson, Elizabeth Fuller Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
Hosmer, Katharine East Hartford, Connecticut
Hotson, J. Leslie Cambridge, Massachusetts
Hotson, Mary May Cambridge, Massachusetts
House, Florence New York City
Howland, Harold Greenfield, Massachusetts
Hume, Edward H. New York City
Hunt, Elizabeth P. Haverford, Pennsylvania
Hunt, Irwin Wyoming, Pennsylvania
Hunt, Lydia Wyoming, Pennsylvania
Ingraham, Aimee W. Boston
Ingram, Frances Louisville, Kentucky
Jablonower, Joseph New York City
Johnson, Mrs. Edward J. Winchester, Massachusetts
Johnson, Lillian Springfield, Massachusetts
Johnston, Alice A. New York City
Johnston, Dorothy R. Boston
Just, E. E. Howard University, Washington,
D. C.
Kahn, Dr. Jerome L. New York City
Kahn, Mrs. Jerome L. New York City
Kaufman, Anna New York City
Kelley, Nicholas New York City
Kellogg, Paul U. New York City
Kelsey, Paul H. Brookline, Massachusetts
Kennedy, Luna E. Philadelphia
Kennedy, Marie E. Woodstock, New York
King, Anna Woodstock, New York
Kirshaw, J. E. Cambridge, Massachusetts
Kirshaw, S. S. Cambridge, Massachusetts
Klahr, Emma Whitefield, New Hampshire
Kneeland, Hilda Spofford, New Hampshire
Koenig, Caroline Brooklyn, New York
Koenig, Herman Brooklyn, New York
Kohn, C. Marion Philadelphia
Kohn, Estelle Rumbold New York City
Kraus, Louise H. New York City
Ladd, Ailslie T. Lancaster, New Hampshire
Ladd, Mary E. Lancaster, New Hampshire
Lakeman, Mary R. Swampscott, Massachusetts
Lamonte, C. B. Byefield, Massachusetts
Lancefield, D. E. Columbia University
Lancefield, R. C. Rockefeller Institute
Lane, Lenore Hampton, New Hampshire
Lane, Sarah Hampton, New Hampshire
Lane, Wheaton Hampton, New Hampshire
Lathrop, John Howland, D. D. New York City
Lazar, B. Brooklyn, New York
Lazareff, B. G. Chicago
Lazareff, Elizabeth Chicago
Lazareff, Luba Chicago
Lazzari, Elizabeth Paine New York City
Lee, H. H. Auburndale, Massachusetts
Leonard, Edith North Rochester, Massachusetts
Leroyer, J. Boston
Levy, Clara D. Bridgton, Maine
Levy, David Bridgton, Maine
Lewis, Mrs. Dora Philadelphia
Lockett, Elizabeth Provincetown, Massachusetts
Lofting, Hugh Lyme, Connecticut
Logan, M. A. New York City
Loomis, Miriam M. Boston
Lopas, Gene North Wilmington, Massachusetts
Lopas, Grace North Wilmington, Massachusetts
Lord, Mrs. J. A. Danvers, Massachusetts
Lozinski, M. Brooklyn, New York
MacKaye, Benton Shirley, Massachusetts
MacKaye, Hazel Shirley, Massachusetts
Mackenzie, Jean Kenyon, New York City
McConnell, Elizabeth New York City
McDowell, Mary E. Chicago
McDowell, Pauline Ocean Point, Maine
McLean, F. H. Summit, New Jersey
McLeish, I. Colorado Springs, Colorado
McLeish, Mrs. M. H. Colorado Springs, Colorado
Maher, Amy West Lebanon, New York
Makens, Adelaide New York City
Manship, Grace New York City
Marcus, Grace F. New York City
Marelli, A. Hampton, New Hampshire
Marelli, Maria Hampton, New Hampshire
Marks, Jeannette South Hadley, Massachusetts
Marming, J. E. New York City
Marshall, Charles C. New York City
Matchett, Clara Allston, Massachusetts
Mead, Mrs. George H. Chicago
Melish, Rev. John Howard Brooklyn, New York
Mendel, Philip Cambridge, Massachusetts
Merk, Frederick Cambridge, Massachusetts
Meserole, Darwin J. Brooklyn, New York
Meyer, Dr. Bernard New York City
Miller, Agnes Kingfield, Maine
Miller, Mr. and Mrs. C. S. Westfield, New York
Miller, Jean W. Kingfield, Maine
Millman, Bessie Chicago
Mitchell, Broadus Sweet Briar, Virginia
Moak, Harry New York City
Moak, Rose New York City
Moffet, Edna V. Whitefield, New Hampshire
Montague, William Pepperell New York City
Moore, Edward H. Pequannock, New Jersey
Moore, Madeline N. New York City
Moulton, Phyllis New York City
Mullan, J. M. Philadelphia
Mussey, Mabel Barrows Wellesley, Massachusetts
Mussey, Henry R. Wellesley, Massachusetts
Neill, J. G. New York City
Nolen, John Cambridge, Massachusetts
Norman, C. A. Columbus, Ohio
Norris, S. B. Colorado Springs, Colorado
Noyes, William Leonia, New Jersey
Oleson, Lena New York City
O’Neil, Irene Thomas New York City
O’Neill, Neville New York City
Ormsby, Kathleen White Plains, New York
Otey, Mrs. Dexter Lynchburg, Virginia
Ottman, F. Brooklyn, New York
Packard, Fanny Cambridge, Massachusetts
Paine, Isabelle S. Boston
Parsons, Louis B. New York City
Passage, W. W. Brooklyn, New York
Peabody, Anna May Cambridge, Massachusetts
Peabody, Helen Cambridge, Massachusetts
Peaslee, E. Isabel Medford, Massachusetts
Peaslee, Rachel A. Medford, Massachusetts
Peck, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph A. Middlebury, Vermont
Pholbrook, Alice Hampton, New Hampshire
Plunkett, C. R. New York University
Pohl, Dorothy Chicago
Pollitzer, Anita Charleston, South Carolina
Powell, Mary Lee Cambridge, Massachusetts
Powell, Thomas Reed Cambridge, Massachusetts
Prang, Mrs. Louis Rockport, Massachusetts
Preston, Evelyn Red Bank, New Jersey
Preston, Stuart D. New York City
Price, Ida Wilcox Scarborough, New York
Price, W. T. R. Scarborough, New York
Putnam, Dr. C. R. L. New York City
Raisman, Aaron Brooklyn, New York
Raisman, Emma Brooklyn, New York
Raisman, Victor Brooklyn, New York
Ratner, Joseph Columbia University
Raushenbush, Winifred New York City
Read, Doris Baltimore, Maryland
Read, Edith Baltimore, Maryland
Read, Professor H. F. Baltimore, Maryland
Renbox, Lisa New York City
Robinson, Edith A. Northport, New York
Robinson, Helen New Haven, Connecticut
Rockheimer, Rita Bridgton, Maine
Roewer, George E., Jr. Boston
Rogers, Arthur K. New Haven, Connecticut
Rogers, Helen W. New Haven, Connecticut
Roghe, Hedwig Brooklyn, New York
Roller, Anne New York City
Rondinell, Annina C. Whitefield, New Hampshire
Rosen, David New York City
Ross, Mary New York City
Rudenberg, R. Brooklyn, New York
Saftel, Helen Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
Salinger, Dorothy Boston
Sanford, Mary R. Bennington, Vermont
Scheiber, Mr. and Mrs. I. B. Peekskill, New York
Schenk, William New York City
Schlesinger, Arthur M. Cambridge, Massachusetts
Schrader, Franz Bryn Mawr College
Schrader, Sallie H. Bryn Mawr College
Schrufro, Mary Bridgton, Maine
Schrufro, Samuel Bridgton, Maine
Schultze, Mrs. Martin Chicago
Scripture, Bertha Lincoln, Massachusetts
Senken, B. Brooklyn, New York
Sessions, Juliette Williamstown, Massachusetts
Shearman, Margaret Hilles South Byfield, Massachusetts
Shurtleff, Margaret Homer Boston
Simkhovitch, Mary Kingsbury New York City
Skillings, Franklin Peak’s Island, Maine
Smith, Carl E. Hampton, New Hampshire
Smith, Eloise L. Hampton, New Hampshire
Smith, Holmes St. Louis, Missouri
Smith, Mary H. Elizabethtown, New York
Smith, P. Philadelphia
Smith, T. Max Elizabethtown, New York
Solomon, Walter Leo New York City
Sonneck, O. G. New York City
Sosbroke, Hughell Westport, Connecticut
Spencer, Niles Provincetown, Massachusetts
Squier, Mrs. J. E. Boston
Starr, Ellen Gates Chicopee, Massachusetts
Stephens, Louise New York City
Stern, Frances Boston
Stevens, James G. Canandaigua Depot, New York
Stites, S. H. Wyoming, Pennsylvania
Stokes, I. N. Phelps Greenwich, Connecticut
Straub, Mrs. Otto T. Cambridge, Massachusetts
Sturtevant, A. H. Carnegie Institution, Washington,
D. C.
Swensen, Edgar New York City
Talbot, Ellen B. South Hadley, Massachusetts
Tannenbaum, Dora Chicago
Tapley, Alice P. Williamstown, Massachusetts
Tarbell, Ida M. Trumbull, Connecticut
Tarbell, Sarah A. Trumbull, Connecticut
Tarbell, W. W. Trumbull, Connecticut
Tarbell, Mrs. W. W. Trumbull, Connecticut
Tauber, Frederick Melrose Highlands, Massachusetts
Taylor, Graham Chicago
Taylor, Lea D. Chicago
Taylor, Lily R. Bryn Mawr College
Teller, Sidney Pittsburgh
Thomas, Francisca Woodstock, Vermont
Thompson, Catharine Boston
Thompson, Christina Princeton, New Jersey
Thompson, Maud Ocean Point, Maine
Thompson, Mr. and Mrs. W. O. New York City
Thurston, Henry W. New York City
Tillinghast, S. M. Wyoming, Pennsylvania
Tine, Maria Chicago
Tolman, Mrs. Henry Salem, Massachusetts
Training School for Jewish Social Work New York City
Trimble, J. K. Philadelphia
Tucker, Mrs. G. Burr Trumbull, Connecticut
Vance, John T., Jr. Washington, D. C.
Vangerbig, Geraldine Red Bank, New Jersey
Van Loon, Hendrik New York City
Van Tuyl, Alverda New York City
Villard, Oswald Garrison New York City
Voce, P. Pittsburgh
Wadsworth, Mary K. Wakefield, Rhode Island
Waechter, Lee New York City
Wales, Marguerite A. New York City
Walser, Igan M. Westport, Connecticut
Walsh, Margaret M. Brooklyn, New York
Walsh, Mary G. Brooklyn, New York
Walther, Elise K. Chicago
Walton, Elizabeth New York City
Walton, Perry Boston
Washington, William M. Detroit, Michigan
Weiss, Rose Ocean Point, Maine
Wells, Frank C. Brooklyn, New York
Wemrebe, Joseph, M. D. Boston
Wentworth, Lydia G. Brookline, Massachusetts
West, Eloise Flushing, New York
West, Walter Flushing, New York
Weyl, Mrs. Walter Woodstock, New York
Wheeler, Elizabeth Ashland, New Hampshire
Whipple, Katharine W. New York City
Whipple, Leon R. New York City
Whitcomb, Camilla G. Worcester, Massachusetts
Whiting, Edith Baltimore, Maryland
Whitmarsh, Alida Edgartown, Massachusetts
Whitney, Professor Marian Parker Poughkeepsie, New York
Wight, Alexander E. Wellesley, Massachusetts
Wilson, Angeline Boston
Wilson, Arthur Boston
Wilson, Dorothy Boston
Windsor, Anna G. Wakefield, Rhode Island
Wingert, Christina Princeton, New Jersey
Wingert, Gustav Princeton, New Jersey
Winson, Ellen Haverford, Pennsylvania
Wise, Helen G. Seal Harbor, Maine
Wittler, Milton Boston
Wolcott, G. S. New York City
Woodhull, William Princeton, New Jersey
Woodman, F. C. New York City
Woods, Amy Duxbury, Massachusetts
Woodward, Helen New York City
Woodward, W. E. New York City
Woolley, Mary E. South Hadley, Massachusetts
Worthington, Louise New York City
Wright, Rowe Woodstock, New York
Wyatt, Edith Franklin Chicago
Zagler, Henrietta Chicago
Zucker, Theodore F. Columbia University
BIBLIOGRAPHIC NOTE
The uncertainty in the minds of multitudes of men and women here and
abroad as to the exercise of our American institutions of justice will
make many of the fair-minded, whether conservative or liberal, eager to
read or page through some of the outstanding reports, books, articles
and editorials on the subject.
Among these should be listed: The Lowell and Fuller reports;[19] Felix
Frankfurter’s, “The Case of Sacco and Vanzetti”; Eugene Lyon’s, “The
Life and Death of Sacco and Vanzetti”; John Dos Passos’s, “Facing
the Electric Chair”; “The Letters of Sacco and Vanzetti,” edited by
Marion Denman Frankfurter and Gardner Jackson; “America Arraigned,”
an anthology of poems by some fifty American poets, edited by Ralph
Cheyney and Lucia Trent;[20] in the _New Yorker Volkszeitung_ from
April to the end of August, 1927, will be found in German some unusual
poems on Sacco and Vanzetti by Israel Kassvan; “There is Justice,” by
William Floyd; “Boston” by Upton Sinclair; “The Sacco-Vanzetti Case,”
Transcript of Records of the Case, Henry Holt and Company; and articles
and editorials published in the Defense Committee’s _Bulletins_, in
the _Arbitrator_, _Atlantic Monthly_, _Nation_, _New Leader_, _New
Republic_, _Outlook_, _The Relay_, _Springfield Republican_, and _The
Survey_.
Finally when the Defense Committee has finished its editing of the
compiled Sacco and Vanzetti papers, students of these issues will
have an authoritative body of documents irreplaceable in the Defense
literature. In the meantime both the _Decision of Gov. Alvan T. Fuller_
and _The Lowell Committee Report_ have been reprinted together and
without comment by the Sacco-Vanzetti Defense Committee. This important
reprint, or any one of the books listed in this note, may be obtained
either from the Sacco-Vanzetti Defense Committee, P. O. Box 93, Hanover
Street Station, Boston, Mass.; or from the Sacco-Vanzetti National
League.
FOOTNOTES:
[19] Reprints of these reports, also reprints of Sacco-Vanzetti
articles by John Dewey, Arthur Warner, William Thompson and Alexander
Meiklejohn, may be obtained from the +Sacco-Vanzetti National League+,
Room 2008, 104 Fifth Avenue, New York City. +The Sacco-Vanzetti
National League+ is the permanent name of an association which was
hastily formed in August, 1927, through the efforts of Mrs. Jessica
Henderson, and others, to secure from the Department of Justice access
to the files for material bearing on the case of the two men under
sentence. The organization was not successful in this effort, but,
under the chairmanship of Dr. Robert Morss Lovett, it continues to
exist to keep the public informed of developments in the case, which it
does not regard as closed. It has in hand now the preparation of a book
on the Lowell Report, under the editorship of Professor Karl Llewellyn.
[20] The following are the names of the fifty poets included in this
volume:
John Haynes Holmes, David P. Berenberg, Ralph Cheyney, Mary Carolyn
Davies, S. A. DeWitt, W. Wilson Manross, Martin Feinstein, John Gould
Fletcher, Louis Ginsberg, Carolyn Leonard Goodenough, Ernest Hartsock,
Nicholas Moskowitz, Benjamin Musser, Lola Ridge, E. Merrill Root,
Blanche Waltrip Rose, Mary Siegrist, Edith Lombard Squires, Lucia
Trent, Robert Whitaker, Gremin Zorn, W. P. Trent, Seymore Michael
Blankfort, Witter Bynner, Countee Cullen, Babette Deutsch, William
Closson Emory, Harry Alan Potamkin, Ettore Rella, James Rorty, Clement
Wood, Vincent G. Burns, Harold D. Carew, Miriam Allen DeFord, Arthur
Davison Ficke, S. Ralph Harlow, Mary Plowden Kernan, Alfred Kreymborg,
A. B. Magil, Jeannette Marks, Kathleen Millay, Edna St. Vincent Millay,
William Ellery Leonard, Miriam E. Oatman, John Dos Passos, Alice N.
Spicer, Laura Simmons, Max Press, Joseph T. Shipley, Henry Reich, Jr.,
Edwin Seaver, Josiah Titzell, Bethuel Matthew Webster, Jr., Alice Riggs
Hunt.
INDEX
Addams, Jane, 22, 108
Almy, Frederick, 108
_America Arraigned_, 1, 18, 34, 36, 44, 64, 121-122
American Civil Liberties Union, 75, 102
American Legion, 106
Amidon, Judge, 22
Anarchists, hang the, 9, 51;
literature, 51;
Italian, 62;
Chicago, 75;
two philosophic, 102
Anarchy, 41
_Arbitrator_, 122
_Atlantic Monthly_, Attorney Thompson in, 71, 122
Aurelius, Marcus, 74
Austin, Mary, 22
Baldwin, Roger, 103, 104
Barnard College, 97, 98
Barry, John, 13
Beacon Hill, 6, 16, 52
Beale, Fred, 34
Beard, Charles A., 108
Bellevue, 22, 25
Bent, Silas, 88
Berenberg, David P., poem, 1
Berlin, 46
Bernheimer, Louis, 30, 31
Blackwell, Alice Stone, 29
Bliven, Bruce, 108
Bloor, Mother, arrested, 33-35
“Blue Menace,” 97, 106
Blye, Captain, 89
Boissevin, Eugene, 29
Bombs, 4, 11, 19
Boston, 1, 2, 3, 7, 12, 18, 19, 20;
Regnant, 26, 43, 52, 55, 56, 58, 68, 75, 81
Boston Common, 16, 26, 52, 56, 57
Braintree, 65
Brandeis, Judge, 19-20
Bridgewater, 65
_Brooklyn Eagle_, 13
Broun, Heywood, 5, 8;
in _Nation_, 69
Brown, Don, 45
Brown, John, 18, 43
Brubaker, Howard, 22
Bryn Mawr College, 97
Buenos Aires, sympathetic strike, 46
Bunker Hill Monument, 26, 34-35
Burlingham, Charles C., 108
Cadman, Dr. S. Parkes, 104-105
California, 33, 102
Calkins, Mary, 98
Callahan, Jack, 88
Cattell, J. McKeen, 22, 81
Chaplin, Ralph, _Mourn Not the Dead_, 95
Charlestown Prison, 6, 13, 36, 40, 47
Cheswick, Pennsylvania, 45
Cheyney, Ralph, Editor with Lucia Trent of _America Arraigned_, 1,
18, 34, 36, 44, 64, 121-122
Christ, Jesus, 41, 81, 92, 94, 98
Citizens’ National Committee, 22
Clayton anti-trust act, 72
Codman, John S., 22
Cohn, Dr., _Some Questions and an Appeal_, 86
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, inward prostration of the soul, 68
Colorado, 45, 75, 85-86
Commons, John R., 22
Communist, 9
Conservative, 71, 81, 94, 101
Cook, Waldo, 22, 23, 25, 106, 108
Coolidge, Calvin, 87;
on _Enemies of the Republic_, 97-100, 106
“Coolidgisms,” 97-99
Cox, Governor, 88
Cox and Harding, vote for, 78
Cremation Chamber, 61
Crowley, Chief of Police, 26, 77
Dadourian, Professor H. M., in _Scientific Monthly_, 81
Dana, H. W. L., Vanzetti’s letter to, 48, 49
Darrow, Clarence, 65
Daughters of the American Revolution, 106, 107
Death House, 6, 13;
back in, 21;
immortality, 24;
farewell in, 31;
_Two in the Death House_, _vide_ Ridge, 33-34;
heard him calling, 41
Debs, Eugene Victor, last money order, 40;
Vanzetti’s tribute to, 65;
straw vote for, 78;
the radical, 79-80;
symbolic figure of, 81-93, 94, 97
Defense Headquarters, 3-8, 10-16, 20, 24-25, 30-32, 35-43, 44, 46-48,
53-54
_Delineator_, article by Calvin Coolidge in, 97-100, 106
Dewey, John, 22;
_Psychology and Justice_ in the _New Republic_, 66-68, 108
Donovan, Mary, 4, 6, 10;
State Factory Inspector, 11-12, 14-16, 20;
standing by her “people,” 28, 29, 30, 31;
Mother Bloor bailed by, 35;
and Powers Hapgood, 37-38, 39;
cry from, 41, 42;
pallor of, 49;
nerves at breaking point, 50-51;
to the thought of, 54;
reading the funeral address, 61-63;
letter, 70-71
Ehrmann, Mr., 89
Elliott, John Lovejoy, 108
Elliott, Mrs., 25
Emerson, Dr. Haven, 22, 108
Emerson Ralph Waldo, 2, 16, 18
Espionage Act, 91
Evans, Mrs. Glendower, 3, 25, 28
Execution, after midnight, the tenth, 2;
official executioner, 13;
at midnight, 83
Farnam, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Walcott, 22
Fascism, fleeing, 42
Federal Council of Churches, 105
Felicani, Aldino, 4, 6, 11, 15-17;
spent figure, 24, 31-32;
it is the ideal, 40, 49, 53, 93
Fellowship of Reconciliation, 105
Fellowship of Youth for Peace, 105
Fiske, John, 2
Flaming Milka (Milka Sablich), lassoed, 85
Floyd, William, _There Is Justice_, 122
Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley, 103
Forbes, Mrs. J. Malcolm, 22
Forest Hills Cemetery, 52, 56, 58-59, 60-63
Foster, William Z., 103
Frame-up, 75-76
Frankfurter, Felix, 13, 24, 102, 103;
_The Case of Sacco and Vanzetti_, 121
Frankfurter, Marian Denman, Editor with Gardner Jackson of _The
Letters of Sacco and Vanzetti_, 42, 48, 121
Free speech and free assemblage, 26, 27, 72, 80, 81, 97
Freund, Ernest, 108
Fuller, Governor, Governor’s Council, 10;
Governor’s Secretary, 14, 15, 23;
cast-iron executive, 31;
plead with, 35;
“Twice the Governor said,” 38;
Secretary’s office, 39;
had assured a woman of wealth, 50;
letter from John Hays Hammond and from Bishop Lawrence, 83, 89;
tuning fork from which he took his pitch, 101
Fuller, Margaret, 2;
kernel of nobleness, 16
Funeral address, 61-63
Galileo, experiment with falling bodies, 80
Gannett, Lewis, 104
Garland Fund, 104
Garrison, William Lloyd, 52
Gary, Judge, advice to his heirs, 91
German, 35
Goldman, Emma, 105
Goodwin, Frank A., address to the Kiwanis, 101-107
Grant, Judge, 2
Hale, Ruth, 8, 26, 32-35;
Bunker Hill Monument, 35
Haley, Lilian, 14;
the friend’s house, 17, 38;
faithful, fearless, 39
Halliday, Paula, 29
Hamilton, Dr. Alice, 23, 25, 108
Hammond, John Hays, letter to Governor Fuller, 83
Hankins questionnaire, 104
Hanover Street, 3, 20, 34, 47, 53, 56, 58
Hapgood, Norman, 22, 103, 108
Hapgood, Powers, testing free speech, 26;
gone, 30;
psychiatric hospital, 31;
account of, 37-38;
defends Mary Donovan, 51;
want to stand up and be counted, 95
Harriman, Mrs. J. Borden, 35
Harding, President, 78, 92
Harvard University, 23, 25
Hayes, Professor Ellen, taken to patrol wagon, 28;
at Forest Hills Cemetery, 60
Hays, Arthur Garfield, 22, 28
Henderson, Mrs. Jessica, Vanzetti thanking, 48, 121
Hendry, Warden, 13;
kindness, 41, 77
_Herald_, Boston, 72-73
Higginson, Colonel T. W., 2
Hill, Attorney Arthur D., 10;
arrow-flight of, 24
Hill, Creighton, 13
Hillquit, Morris, 103
Hocking, William Ernest, 22
Hod Carriers’ Union, 33, 34, 36
Holmes, Dr. John Haynes, 81
Holmes, Chief Justice, 19
Holt, Henry & Co., _The Sacco-Vanzetti Case_, 122
Industrial Defense Association, 107
Italian, 2;
Italian painting, 5;
fruit stand, 10;
can’t speak, 12;
Italian marriage, Margaret Fuller Ossoli, 16;
paper, 31;
restaurant, 32;
“wops,” 38;
editor, Signor Longerini, 31, 42;
that Italian case, 43;
martyrs, 50;
by birth, 52;
anarchists, 62;
Vanzetti suffered because, 66;
reference to in _New Republic_, 66-67;
hatred for poor Italians, 74;
radical, 74;
idealists, 75
Jackson, Dr. Edith, 31, 38
Jackson, Gardner, 4, 7, 12;
sacrificing future, 14, 20;
on way to State House, 31;
came in, 38;
more and more quiet, 39, 41;
Editor with Marian Denman Frankfurter of _The Letters of Sacco and
Vanzetti_, 42, 48, 121;
undiminished strength, 49;
defends Mary Donovan, 51;
funeral address written by, 61
James, Edward Holton, 8, 101-102
James, William, nephew of, 101-102
Johannesburg, South Africa, 46
Joy Street Police Station, 28-30
Justice, 2;
_Justice Is the Issue_, 3;
education for, 8, 16-17;
issue of, 26;
“desire for,” 33;
another Brotherhood struggling for, 43;
American Tragedy of Injustice, 52;
Justice Crucified, 53, 55;
spectacle of American, 68;
constitutional, 69;
issue of, 72;
Department of, 75, 84-85
Kassvan, Israel, 122
Kellogg, Paul, 22, 23, 25, 26, 108
Key Men of America, 107
Keynes, John Maynard, 72
Kirchwey, Freda, 98
Laidler, Dr. Harry, 98
Lake Champlain, 1, 43
Langone’s Funeral Chapel, 47, 50-51, 53
Lawrence, Bishop, letter to Governor Fuller, 83
Lawson, John Howard, 22, 33
League for Industrial Democracy, 98
Leipzig, 46
Lenin, Nicolai, 103
Levine, Isaac Don, 8
Lewis, Alfred Baker, 8, 9;
out of police station, 28, 54;
under leadership of, 59;
Salsedo’s highly curious death, 85
Lewis, Dora, 108
Liberal, 71, 81, 94, 97, 100
Lincoln, Abraham, 84-85
Llewellyn, Karl, 121
Lombroso, criminal type, 4
London, protest meeting, 45
Lovett, Dr. Robert Morss, 104, 121
Lowell, A. Lawrence, 2, 77, 121
Lusk law, 86-87;
investigating committee, 102;
days, 107
Lyon, Eugene, _The Life and Death of Sacco and Vanzetti_, 121
McCausland, Elizabeth, _The Blue Menace_, 97, 106-107
MacCracken, President, 105
MacDonald, Herman, _vide_ Fuller, Governor
McConnell, Bishop, 105
McDowell, Mary E., 22
Madeiros, gone, 41
_Manchester Guardian Weekly_, 105
March of Sorrow, 44-63
Massachusetts, 8, 12, 13, 18, 62, 101;
Public Interests League, 107
Maurer, James, 103
Mazzini, grave in Campo Santo, Genoa, 52-53
Mede, James, 88-90
Meiklejohn, A., 121
Michelson, Clarina, 29, 30
Mill, John Stuart, essay _On Liberty_, 27
Millay, Edna St. Vincent, 29
Miners, protest meeting, 45;
Colorado, 45
Mooney and Billings, 83, 102
Moore, Fred, 89
Moore, Sam, on Debs, 92
Moors, John F., 23
Mores, 11
Moro, Joseph, 13, 20;
watchfulness of, 49
Mount Holyoke College, 97
Murphy, Carline, 37
Musmanno, Michael Angelo, 31;
as interpreter, 39
Mussey, Mr. and Mrs. Henry R., 22
_Nation_, Heywood Broun in, 69;
“Turn the Light on Palmer,” 84, 122
Nearing, Scott, 103
Neilson, President, 105
New England, 19
New Hampshire, 18, 21
New Jersey, 75
_New Leader_, 59, 83-84, 122
_New Republic_, 8;
miners’ protest, 45;
Dr. Dewey in, 66-67, 122
New York City, 7, 12
_New York World_, 5
Nicaragua and Sandino, 100
North End Park, 53
Oneal, James, drift to Empire, 76-77;
preparation for injustice, 83-84
Oporto, Portugal, 46
_Outlook_, on the fundamental principle of free government, 87;
_Outlook and Independent_, 89-90, 122
Pacifist, 91, 102
Palmer, Mitchell, “Red Raids,” 84, 105
Paris, protest meeting, 45-46
Parker, Dorothy, 9
Passos, John Dos, 8;
cheerful, charming, 25, 28, 34, 35;
_Facing the Electric Chair_, 121
Pasteur, his microscope, 80
Peabody, Helen, arrested, 40
Pearse, Padraic, poem _To Death_, 43
Pennsylvania, 45, 86
Pesotta, Rose, 44, 46;
under leadership of, 59
Philadelphia, 7
Phillips, Wendell, 52
Picketing, 8, 9
Pittsburgh, 45
Police, 2, 3;
rough handling, 9;
bluecoats, 10;
charges trumped up by, 12;
down Joy Street, 28;
to get Mother Bloor, 33-35;
at Charlestown, 36, 40;
and the protestants, 45-46;
Sergeant of, 51;
Mounted State, 54;
at first neutral, 54;
salute to, 55;
control of, 56;
maintain order, 58;
effort to incite to violence, 59-60;
in Cremation Chamber, 61-63, 76
Pound, Dean Roscoe, 103
Prince, Dr. Morton, 66
Professors, 1;
disloyal, 97-98;
Vida D. Scudder, Mary Calkins, 98;
Felix Frankfurter, 102, 103;
Hankins questionnaire, 104
Public opinion, 6;
education of, 16-17
Rabinowitz, Louis, 57
Radcliffe College, 97
Radical, 9, 66, 71, 74-75, 79, 81-82, 84, 86-87, 94, 99
Rand School, 84, 99
Red Menace, 97
_Relay, The_, 60, 122
_Republican, Springfield_, 5, 23, 24, 25, 106, 122
Ridge, Lola, 8, 29, 30;
over in Salem Street, 33;
Charlestown Prison, 36-37
Robinson, James Harvey, on inherent radicalism, 81-82
Roewer, George E., Jr., 22
Roman holiday, 64-77, 80
Romualdi, Serafino, 31, 42
Root, E. Merrill, poem by, 36
Rosario, Argentine, 46
Rotenberg Estate, 47
Sacco, Dante, letter to, 49;
car containing, 53
Sacco, Nicola, 2;
claim the body of, 15;
respite of twelve days, 15;
and Vanzetti, the very best men, 17;
a symbol, 22-24;
lost sight of, 27;
“Save Sacco and Vanzetti,” 29;
justice for, 33;
summons to chair, 36;
“wops,” 38;
in the name of, 39;
walls that held, 40;
Brotherhood of Christ, 41;
letters of, 42, 48, 121;
protest meeting, 45;
bodies of, 47, 55;
farewell, 47;
letter to son, 49;
peace of death, 50;
dead kings, 54;
last deference to, 59;
cremation chamber, 61;
address by, 64;
and Vanzetti are dead, 67, 87-89, 93;
pursuit of ideal, 94;
martyrdom of, 95;
in _Red Menace_, 102
Sacco, Rosa, description of, 5, 6, 7;
waiting for decision, 10-16;
return from Scenic Auditorium meeting, 21;
grief, 24-25;
final appeal to governor, 31, 38;
again waiting, 39;
beauty of, 50;
funeral procession, 53
Sacco-Vanzetti Defense Committee, 1, 7, 13, 15, 16, 19;
fighting on to the end, 21;
bribe, 23;
defeat, 22-24;
when sentence pronounced, 64;
mental courage of Sacco and Vanzetti, 71, 122-123
Sacco-Vanzetti National League, 123
Saint Paul’s Cathedral, Boston, 52, 56
Salem Street, 33
Salsedo, death of, 85
Sandburg, Carl, 78
Santosuosso, Dr., 89
Scenic Auditorium, 21
Schreiner, Olive, 46
Scollay Square, 20, 54, 55
Scott, Dred, 84, 85
Scudder, Vida D., 98
Seager, Henry R., 108
Shields, Art, 8
Shipley, Joseph T., poem, 64
Shurtleff, Margaret Homer, 108
Silva, Frank, 88-90
Simmons, Laura, 30;
sonnet, 44
Sinclair, Upton, 103;
_Boston_, 122
Smith, Alfred, 86
Smith College, 97, 104
Smith, Miss (Winifred?), 97
Socialists and socialism, 7, 8, 9, 11, 51, 86, 92, 93, 98, 101-103,
105
Soviets, ambassador, 97;
government, 99;
Russia, 102
Spanish War Veterans, 106
State House, 6, 14, 16, 31
Status quo, 32, 74, 102
Stratton, President, 2
Sunday, Billy, denouncing the radical, 79
_Survey_, 22, 23, 26, 122
Sydney, Australia, 46
Taylor, Graham, 22
Teeple, Mr., 9
Telephone, calls, 4;
“banks,” State House, 6;
Headquarters, 8;
whistled or faded, 6;
battle, 8;
calling Mr. Thompson, 15, 25, 31;
the ringing voice of Attorney Thompson, 38;
Gardner Jackson, 39, 41;
Mary Donovan, 42;
buzz of, 46
Thayer, Judge Webster, 3;
words spoken by, 50-51;
anarchistic, 51;
Sacco’s reference to, 64;
Vanzetti in courteous apology to, 66;
at Dartmouth reunion, 69, 77
Thirteen days, 26, 50, 68, 71, 81, 95
Thomas, Norman, 104
Thompson, Attorney, 15;
belief in innocence of Sacco and Vanzetti, 38;
reference to in _New Republic_, 66-68;
record in _Atlantic Monthly_, 71, 88-90, 121
Todd, Helen, 30
_Traveller_, Boston, _Red Menace_ published in, 101
Trent, Lucia, poem, 18, _v._ also Cheyney, Ralph
Trotzky, Leon, 99
Union Theological Seminary, 99
Vance, John T., 22
Vanzetti, Bartolomeo, 2;
claim the body of, 15;
respite of 12 days, 15;
and Sacco, the very best men, 17;
a symbol, 22-24;
lost sight of, 27;
“Save Sacco and Vanzetti,” 29;
justice for, 33;
summons to chair, 36;
“wops,” 38;
in the name of, 39;
walls that held, 40;
Brotherhood of Christ, 41;
thanking Warden Hendry, 41;
letters of, 42, 48, 121;
protest meeting, 45;
bodies of, 47, 55;
farewell, 47;
peace of death, 50;
dead kings, 54;
last deference to, 59;
cremation chamber, 61;
speech, 65-66;
Attorney Thompson on Vanzetti in _Atlantic Monthly_, 71, 88-90, 93;
pursuit of ideal, 94;
martyrdom of, 95;
in _Red Menace_, 97
Vanzetti, Signorina Luigia, 20, 31-32, 38, 39, 53
Vassar College, 97
Vermont, 18, 21
Veterans of Foreign Wars, 106
Villard, Oswald Garrison, 22
Ward, Harry F., 99
Warner, Arthur, 121
Watson, Blanche, in _New Leader_, 59
Wellesley College, 28, 60, 97
Wheeler, Senator, 75
Whitney, Anita, 102
Whitney, Marian Parker, 22
Woman’s City Club, 25
Woods, Amy, 23, 28
Woolley, Mary E., 22, 105, 108
_World To-morrow, The_, 90-91
Transcriber’s Notes
Possible printer’s errors, including spelling, hyphenation, and
punctuation, were retained, except for changes listed below.
_Italics_, +Small Caps+ and +ALL SMALL CAPS+ have been converted as so.
Footnotes have been renumbered and moved to the end of their respective
chapters.
On page 21, “justice’” was standardized to “justice’s”.
In the footnote on page 22, “V.” was italicized for standardization. It
means vide, or see.
On page 33, there is a poem with ellipsed text represented by a thought
break. Thought breaks other than this are normal.
On page 67, “mind ...” was changed to “mind....” for consistency.
In the footnote on page 81, “v.” was italicized for standardization.
On page 83, “vew” was changed to “view”.
On pages 88 and 90, “holdup” was standardized to “hold-up”.
On page 89, “Santosuossa” was changed to “Santosuosso” to match other
sources from the period.
On page 91, “felt” was changed to “fell” to match the passage on page
49.
On page 102, “Gospel.” was changed to “Gospel,” since the text is in
the middle of a list.
In the footnote on page 121, “Arthur Warner;” was changed to “Arthur
Warner,” to match the respective list formatting.
In Appendix C, the line breaks and indentation of the list were
standardized.
On page 122, 2 erroneous colons in the list of works were replaced by
semi-colons.
In the Index, the following changes were made:
On page 126, a comma was added after “Professor H. M.” for consistency.
On page 127, a comma was added after “(Milka Sablich)” for consistency.
On page 128, “arrow flight” was standardized to “arrow-flight” to match
the reference in the text.
On page 128, a comma was added after “nephew of” for consistency.
On page 129, “Lusk, Law,” was standardized to “Lusk law,” for
consistency and to match the reference in the text.
On page 130, “Holiday” was standardized to “holiday” to match the
reference in the text.
On page 131, “Santosoussa” was changed to “Santosuosso” to match the
occurrence on page 89.
On page 132, a semi-colon was added to “lost sight of, 27” for
consistency.