In making history—the first artificial gas plant in Texas started at
Jefferson, the gas being made from rich pine and pine knots, which were
cut and placed in iron drums called “retorts.” These retorts were about
seven feet long, tapering off at one end like the mouth of a jug. The
bottom was opened with a door which securely fastened the pine inside.
The retorts were subject to intense heat; the steamlike substance which
exuded from the pine during the heating process escaped through an
opening in the top and into the iron mains or pipes, through which it
was conveyed over the business section of town—to ornamental hollow
posts, on top of which were large globes. These were lighted at night
and turned off in the mornings. Water often accumulated in the pipes and
a negro would remove it with a hand pump—this frequently took most of
the day.
The gas was forced through the mains by a large drum affair raised
during the day and at night gradually sinking, its weight forcing the
gas through the pipes. The large foundation upon which this drum rested
is still standing near the business part of town, and several of the
“retorts” may be seen in various parts of town. These “retorts” have
been donated for war purposes.
Mr. J. M. Thomas, known as “Gas House Thomas,” was sole owner and
operator.