fairly regular in shape, with the appearance of being thickly sanded
under the nacre.
SWEET-WATER PEARLS.—Pearls from fresh-water.
TRUE-PEARLS.—Pearls formed of nacre as distinguished from similar
formations which are not nacreous.
TWINNED-PEARLS.—Pearls enveloped together in one or more layers of
nacre.
WHITE-SHELL.—Pearl-oyster shells with nacre white to the edge.
YELLOW-SHELL.—Pearl-oyster shells with yellowish nacre.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
OF PEARLS AND SHELLS
FROM THE VARIOUS FISHERIES
ARABIAN SEA.—Pearls have fine orient, but the color inclines to
yellow.
Shells are larger than those of Ceylon but of little value for
mother-of-pearl: iridescent, black-edge m. of p.; known as Lingahs.
AROE.—Pearls usually good orient; many of irregular shape.
Shells are of medium size, black-edge and iridescent.
AUCKLAND.—Pearls white, but not remarkable for luster.
Shells, medium size, black-edge m. of p.
AUSTRALIA.—Pearls of Australia generally are of good color, but not as
lustrous as those of other sections.
Shells usually large and heavy and the nacre is white.
BANDAS.—Pearls good.
Shells are small but heavy and good; black to greenish edge nacre.
CEYLON.—Pearls average finest in the world for orient and color.
Shells, small and valueless for m. of p.
COSTA RICA.—Pearls good average.
Shells, medium size, greenish yellow edge.
EGYPTIAN (RED SEA).—Pearls good but run yellow.
Shells, medium size and nacre has greenish edge.
FIJI.—Practically the same as the Bandas.
GAMBIER.—Pearls good, many fancy colors.
Shells, large, fine nacre with very black edge.
HAITI.—Pearls fine, shells good.
MANILLA.—(Includes Batjan, Bima, Ceram, Salawatti, Sooloo, etc.)
Pearls, good color and orient.
Shells, large, good, yellow edge nacre.
MERGUIAN ARCHIPELAGO.—Pearls and shells similar to the Manillas.
MEXICO AND PANAMA.—Pearls fair; blacks, grays and fancy colors often
fine.
Shells, medium size: nacre has greenish edge.
SOUTH SEA ISLANDS.—Pearls usually fine.
Shells generally large, heavy and fine black edge m. of p.
VENEZUELA.—Pearls, good luster and color—many fine baroques.
Shells: small, beautifully iridescent, but valueless.
PEARLS.
Hardness, 3.5-4 Sp. Gr., 1.59-1.62
COMPOSITION.
Carbonate of Lime 91.72
Organic matter 5.94
Water 2.34
INDEX
A
Abalone, 92, 170, 199, 244.
Acapulco, 203.
Advance of price, 277.
Aelonians, 93.
Alexander, 50.
Ancient fisheries, 212.
Angel's tears, 315.
Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, 49.
Aquila Jewels, 85.
Arabian Sea, 49, 51, 201.
Aragonite, 167.
Aripo, 219.
Arkansas, discovery of pearls in, 259.
Aroo Islands, 199, 202.
Aryans, 64.
Atokha, Virgin of, 329.
Auris Marina, 246.
Aurora Shells, 246.
Australia, 201, 249.
Avicula fucata, 127.
squamulosa, 127, 239.
B
Bagdad, 213.
Bahamas, 95.
Bahrein, 212.
Ball pearl, 44.
Banda Islands, 202.
Baroques, 82, 91, 155, 161.
Base price, 276.
Baskets, 228.
Batjan, 200.
Bazaruto Islands, 200, 233.
Beira, 233.
Beresford Hope pearl, 324, 326.
Black-Shell, 144.
Blister, 92.
Blue-point, 268.
Bochart, 57.
Bones, pearls called, 50, 61.
Boss, 140.
Breastplate, Jewish High Priest's, 56, 61.
Breeding of pearls, 312.
Brown pearls, 329.
Bull-head, 266.
Butterfly, 268.
Byssus, 243.
C
Cacique, 76.
Calcospherules, 154.
Caligula, 52.
Campeche, Gulf of, 241.
Cape San Lucas, 242.
Cariaco, Gulf of, 238.
Castiglione necklace, 84.
Catifa, 326.
Celebrated Pearls, 324.
Ceram, 200.
Cestodes, 173.
Chank, 15, 98.
Charles V., 47.
Charlotte Bay, 249.
Cheval paar, 221.
Chilaw pearl banks, 219.
Chiriqui, 237.
Chunam, 231.
Clammers, 262, 282.
Clam pearls, 97.
Cleopatra's pearl, 52, 320, 326.
Clinch River, 260, 263.
Clione, 154.
Clodius, 52, 327.
Coatzacoalcos, 241.
Coche, 238.
Colombia, 236, 241.
Color of pearls, 101.
Columbus, 46.
Conch, 16, 94.
Conchiolin, 133.
Cortez, 46, 242.
Cracked pearls, 119, 301.
Crotalia, 53, 80.
Cubagua, 46, 238.
Culture pearls, 299.
D
Dahlak, 212.
Dasyus, 64.
Death of Pearls, 316.
Deer-horn, 267.
De Soto, 46, 47, 76.
Devadatta, 98.
Dew-drop origin of P., 311.
Diamonds, 44, 56, 70.
Diving, Dress, 178, 188, 192.
Naked, 178.
Dredging, 282.
Dress, 189.
Dudley pearls, 329.
Dutch Indies, 200, 232.
E
Ear of Venus, 93.
Ear-shell, 93, 245.
Ecuador, 203, 237.
Edward VII., 82.
Elenchi, 80.
Elizabeth, Queen, 48.
El Tirano, 237.
Exmouth Gulf, 249.
F
Facts and Fancies, 311.
Farsan, 212.
Fiji Islands, 202.
File-fish, 174.
Fisheries, Arabian Sea, 212.
Ancient, 201, 255.
Australian, 194, 202, 249.
Fisheries, British, 255.
Campeche, gulf of, 241.
Ceylon, 201, 215, 289.
Colombia, 237, 241.
Dutch Indies, 232.
Ecuador, 237.
English, 242.
German East Africa, 234.
Haiti, 248.
Indian, 214.
Irish, 255.
La Paz, 242.
Lower California, 242.
Madras, 215.
Merguian archipelago, 201, 234.
Mexican, 242.
New Caledonia, 234.
Nicaragua, 236.
Omagh, 256.
Panama, 237.
Persian Gulf, 212.
Philippines, 248.
Portuguese East Africa, 233.
Red Sea, 211.
Scotch, 256.
So. African, 257.
Venezuela, 237, 239.
Fishing, Ceylon gov't notification, 221.
Depth of, 225, 232.
Mexican, Season of, 243.
U. S. mussel, 258.
Polynesian, 183.
primitive method, 179.
time under water, 225.
Tongarewa Islands, 186.
with dress, 188.
prices realized, 227, 289.
Flodden Field, 320.
Fluter mussel, 260.
Francis I., 48.
Fresh-water pearls, 90.
G
Gambier, 199, 203, 328.
Genesis of Pearls, 127.
Gilbert, Bishop of Limerick, 49
Goajira, 239.
Government Notification, 221.
Gresham, Sir Thomas, 48, 321.
Guatemala, 242.
Guayaquil, 237, 287.
Gulf of California, 203.
Campeche, 204, 241.
Gwaai River, 257.
H
Habitat of oysters and mussels, 199.
Haiti, 205, 248.
Haliotis, 16, 93, 206, 244.
cracherodii, 247.
iris, 246.
mida, 246.
rufescens, 247.
splendens, 247.
tuberculata, 245.
Heel-splitter, 268.
I
Ichiaha, 76.
Illinois, discovery of pearls, 259.
Imitation pearls, 295.
Imperfections, 111.
Incas, 44, 46, 76.
Inhambane, 200.
Interference, 130.
Iridescence, 130.
J
Jamboneau, 235.
James IV., 320.
Japan, 202.
Jolo, 248.
Julius Cæsar, 52, 81, 256, 327.
K
Kalanchu, 231.
Katar, 212.
Kshattriya, 27, 64.
L
Lampsilis anodontoides, 267.
fallaciosus, 267.
ligamentinus, 267.
rectus, 267.
La Pellegrina, 324, 326.
La Paz, 242.
La Peregrina, 324, 327.
Largest Pearl, 326.
Lesbos, 50.
Lingah, 201, 212.
Lohia, 211.
Lollia Pollena, 52.
Loreto, 242.
Louis XIII., 49.
Lower California, 242.
M
Macanao, 238.
Macassar, 233.
Madura, 215.
Mafia, 206, 234.
Malabar, 63, 179.
Manaar, 216.
Manchadi, 231.
Manduck, 179.
Mantle, 132.
Maracaibo, 239.
Margarita, 238.
Maria Theresa, 49.
Marichchikaddi, 221.
Mary Queen of Scots, 48.
Massawa, 211.
Mathilde, Princess, 84.
Maturity of Pearl Oysters, 205.
Mazatlan, 242.
Meleagrina, 90, 127.
Merguian Archipelago, 200, 234.
Methods of Fishing, 177.
Mindanao, 248.
Montezuma, 46.
Moros, 182.
Mother-paar, 219.
Mounds, Indian, 40, 45, 76, 257.
Mucket, 266.
Mud-blisters, 92.
Multiple, 276.
Mussel, 90, 257.
Mussel-egg, 43, 116.
Mussel Anodonta herculea, 297.
blue-point, 268.
bull-head, 266.
butterfly, 268.
deer-horn, 267.
fluter, 260.
Hatchet-back, 268.
heel-splitter, 268.
Lake, 260.
margaritifera, 255.
mucket, 266.
nigger-head, 266.
painter's, 255.
pearl, 255.
red, 234.
swollen-river, 255.
sand-shell, 267.
warty-back, 266.
wash-board, 260.
Mutton-fish, 245.
Mytilene, 50.
N
Nassau pearls, 96.
Nautillus, 16.
New Caledonia, 172, 202, 234.
New Guinea, 202.
Nicaragua, 204.
Nigger-head, 136, 266.
Nomenclature, 56.
Notch Brook pearl, 258, 330.
Nuclei of pearls, 153, 174, 272.
O
Oahu, 206.
Ohio pearls, 258.
Old Testament reference, 56.
Omagh, 49, 256.
Oriental pearls, 89.
Origin of pearls (fables), 311.
Ormer, 93, 246.
P
Painter's mussel, 255.
Panama, 203.
Paraguana, 239.
Parasites, 174.
Pearls, Abalone, 92, 156.
assortment of, 228.
baroque, 155, 161, 279.
black, 97, 105.
blister, 92.
blue, 104, 278.
Bombay, 213.
button, 155, 160.
clam, 97, 156.
colors of, 101.
conch, 94, 156.
cracked, 119.
culture, 298.
fancy, 105, 202.
free, 154.
fresh-water, 89, 90, 279.
hammered, 120.
hinge, 91.
imitation, 295.
Japan, 298.
Madras, 102, 215, 277.
Nassau, 96.
oriental, 89.
Panama, 104, 204.
pear-shape, 80, 161.
rose, 91.
seed, 231.
Shah of Persia, 326.
slugs, 280.
soft, 116.
strawberry, 91.
true, 89.
twinned, 159.
wing, 91, 280.
Pearl-Oysters, 199.
Pearlers, 262, 282.
Peelers, 115, 248, 302.
Peeling pearls, 115, 302.
Periya paar, 220.
Persian Gulf, 50, 201.
Perthshire Tay pearls, 256.
Peru, 46, 204.
Philip II., 241.
Pinna, 16, 206, 235.
Plagiola securis, 268.
Pleurobena aesopus, 266.
Pliny, 52, 54, 66.
Polynesians, 183.
Pope Leo X. pearl, 328.
Price of pearls, 275.
Punta de Santa Cristoval, 243.
Q
Quadrula ebena, 266.
pustulosa, 266.
undulata, 268.
Queen pearl, 330.
R
Rana of Dholpur, 78.
Ravaillac, 320.
Red Current, 253.
Red Sea, 51, 200.
Rhodesia, Southern, 206.
Rio, Hacha, 237.
Roman fashions, 80, 342.
Rose pearls, 91, 266.
S
Sandalchin, 57.
Sandaztros, 57.
Sand-shells, 267.
San Juan del Norte, 236.
Season for mussel fishing, 270.
Seed pearls, 231.
Shankar, 15, 31.
Shangani River, 257.
Shankhásura, 98.
Sharks Bay, 249.
Shark-charmer, 224.
Shell Australian, 145, 202.
black, 144, 199, 202.
bullock, 204, 236.
distorted, 172, 252.
Egyptian, 200.
grayish, 145, 200.
greenish, 145, 211.
Lingah, 212.
Shell Mexican, 204.
Panama, 204, 236.
Port Darwin, 249.
price of, 235, 251, 270, 290.
red-ears, 206.
Sydney, 249.
Tuamotu, 170, 200.
Unio, 136, 200, 211.
Venezuelan, 200.
West Australian, 249.
white, 145, 171.
yellow, 145, 200.
young, 205.
Shoulder of mutton, 235.
Sir Thomas Gresham, 48, 328.
Sleeping Lion, 328.
Slugs, 280.
Soliman Pearl, 328.
Sophie, Queen, 84.
Southern Rhodesia, 206, 257.
Spat, 169.
Spawning time, 271.
Spice Islands, 202.
Spiritu Santo, 46.
Spruce, John, 284.
Strawberry-pearls, 91, 266.
Strombus gigas, 94, 206.
Sugar River, 264.
Sulu Islands, 202, 248.
Superstitions, 181, 311.
Suran, 253.
Sweet-water pearls, 90, 279.
Swollen River mussel, 255.
Symphynota complanata, 268.
T
Tahiti, 203.
Tampa Bay, 46.
Targum, 57.
Tavernier, 49, 325.
Tiburon, 242.
Tinnevalli, 215.
Tongarewa Islands, 186.
Travancore, 25, 98.
Tremellius, 57.
Tritigonia verrucosa, 267.
True pearls, 89.
Tuamotu Archipelago, 200, 203.
Turbinella Scolymus, 98.
Turtle-backs, 92.
Tuticorin, 215.
U
Umbo, 139.
Unio, 90, 127, 136, 206.
Unit of weight, 276.
V
Variation in weight of P., 241.
Varieties, 89.
Venezuela, 96, 237.
Venus ear-shell, 16, 93, 245.
Venus Genetrix, 81.
Veragua, 237.
Vishnu, 15, 98.
W
Warty-back, 266.
Weight of mussel shells, 269.
meat, 269.
Westphalia Queen necklace, 84.
White bones, 50, 61.
White shell, 145, 199.
Wisconsin pearls, 259.
X
X Rays, 231.
Y
Yellow shells, 200.
Z
Zanzibar, 200, 234.
Transcriber's Notes
Page 113: changed pear-shape to pear-shaped (pear-shaped pearls)
Page 322: changed aquaintance to acquaintance
Page 341: changed villany to villainy
Page 349: changed Throgh to Through