ADVENTURES OF DON GUILLERMO BUENAPARTE.
During the months that I remained with Don Guillermo, I studied well
the character of mine host; and so generous were his sentiments,
and kind his heart, that each day my attachment for him increased.
His life had been a curious one; and as we sat by the table, one
morning, imbibing a _maté_, I urged him to give me some account of his
peregrinations since leaving his native land. Grasping my hand, with
tears visible in his eyes, he said, “My friend, if you will promise to
search out my relatives, when you return to North America, and give
them my history, I will willingly answer your request.” A _brasero_ of
coals having been placed beneath the table, around which the members of
the household were seated, Don Guillermo commenced his recital.
“At eighteen years of age, certain family troubles occurred, and
being a proud-spirited youth, I changed my quiet life on shore for an
adventurous one upon the ocean. From my own village I proceeded to
the great metropolis, New York, and was directed, after some inquiry,
to a shipping office, the proprietor of which informed me that he was
procuring a large crew for a vessel, owned, and then lying, at New
Bedford. The first question asked by this gentleman was, ‘Have you been
round the Horn?’ As this was to be my first trip upon salt water, I
informed him to that effect. ‘Well,’ continued he, ‘that’s bad enough.
Now, you see, I have already shipped all the green hands that are
wanted, and the old man sent word down from Bedford forbidding me to
take any others than such as have made one or two voyages. But don’t
get discouraged at trifles; we will settle that matter: follow me.’
“In the centre of the room was a post or pillar, upon which was a cow’s
horn; and round this he walked twice, I following close upon his heels.
‘Now,’ said the shipping master, ‘if any man, sailor or monkey, says
that you haven’t been round the Horn, just give him the lie. You can
sign these articles, and go up to Bedford to-morrow morning, with a
dozen likely young men, who are going to sea for their health, and they
will enjoy themselves, I don’t doubt, as there are several gentlemen’s
sons among the crew.’ I was amused at this comical way of weathering
the Horn, and asked him if it would not be advisable to inform our
captain of the quick passage I had made; but the old fellow silenced me
by stating that he had shipped hundreds of sailors (?) in the same way,
and they had all given satisfaction.
“I left New Bedford, a few days later, in the Golconda, and, after a
good run round the Horn, we touched at several places on the coast
of Chili, at one of which I left the vessel, and secretly joined a
pearl and whale ship that was bound to the Galápagos Islands, with the
intention of procuring supplies of wood and tortoises, the latter
being a good remedy for scurvy. The first land made after leaving the
coast of Chili was the _rock_ of Dunda, which rises some hundreds of
feet above the level of the sea. Here the boats were lowered to catch
a species of fish that weighed about six pounds, and found in large
schools close in to the rock. With pieces of pork and white rags
greased, we caught in a few hours several barrels full, which were
taken on board the ship and salted down. While fishing, the mate caught
on his hook a large serpent, eight or nine feet in length, covered with
scales, and nearly as large as a man’s leg. It came into the boat with
severe struggles, during which it knocked the mate senseless, and two
Dutchmen, from fright, jumped into the sea. This rock is supposed to
have once belonged to the Galápagos, being in the same range, and, with
a fair wind, is but a few hours’ sail from the principal members of
that group.
“The ship, which had been lying off and on, was now put before the
wind, and we steered for an uninhabited island of the Galápagos, called
Terrapin Island, and, when near it, a party of picked men were lowered
in the boats, with orders to collect all the wood and tortoise that
could be procured. The three boats’ crews, upon landing, found the
island to be composed of pumice-stone, probably thrown from a volcano
in its centre. Next the beach was a narrow strip of land, covered with
a light growth of wood, which did not extend forty rods inland; and
though immediate search was made for water, not a drop could be found.
One of the crew asserted that inland grew a stunted prickly pear,
and dwarf camphor tree. We were full of fun, and each boasted that
he know where to hunt for the largest tortoise; and a party of four,
including myself set out together, each promising to return with a
gigantic one. As we journeyed inland, the surface of the island became
more irregular, and was filled with deep cracks or chasms, the bottoms
of which, in many instances, could not be discerned. These fissures
descended far below the level of the sea; and, hoping to discover
fresh water, we descended into several, but they were all dry and warm
as ovens. The rocks around us were porous, and therefore must have
absorbed the water that fell when it rained, which, in these parts of
the world, is a rare occurrence. Among the rocks abounded a sort of
lizards, with long tails, called iguanas.
“After wandering several miles and not meeting with tortoises, a
portion of the party concluded to ‘’bout ship’ and return, when a
dispute arose regarding the true direction to the bay where the ship
lay, and we parted, I following the course that appeared to be the
true one, while my three companions set out upon an entirely different
one. I continued on until the shades of evening enveloped the island,
and made the volcano look like a grim giant. Here I should have rested
until morning, as much suffering would have been prevented; but,
feeling confident that my course was right, I travelled on in the dark,
and, as I afterwards learned, passed the bay without being aware of its
proximity. At last, exhausted with walking, I lay down to sleep upon
the pumice-stone; but the heat was so great, that I was obliged to turn
from side to side with the torture it inflicted; for the sun’s heat
had been absorbed during the day by these rocks, and it was now given
off with an intensity that was truly astonishing. I lighted my pipe
and tried to forget my troubles; but, almost dying with thirst, and
scorched with the slow fire beneath me, the night wore heavily away.
When morning came, I examined my stock of matches, and found that three
remained, besides a little tobacco, and, carefully putting these in a
safe pocket, I directed my steps to the tall mountain, which appeared
to be but a few miles distant. By so doing, chance might favor me, as
the men had said, the previous day, that the prickly pear grew in the
interior; but my great object was to find water.
“When the sun had reached the meridian, a pair of new double-soled
shoes, which I had on, were worn or burned through; I had found no
water, and the mountain appeared farther off than it did when I saw it
the previous morning.
“Thanks to a good Providence, this misery was soon to be ended, at
least for a time; for while journeying along late in the afternoon,
with feet bleeding at every step, I espied a little green hill that
peeped above the rocks, and with renewed energy I pushed forward, and
sank fainting at its base.
“I soon recovered from the exhaustion caused by my sufferings, and as
darkness came on, sleep overpowered and wrapped me in its embrace. It
was after midnight (so I judged by the height of the Southern Cross)
when I woke with a curious feeling caused by suffocation. Recalling
my scattered senses, I beheld a huge pair of jaws and two horrid eyes
close to my face, while a clawed foot rested upon each shoulder. I
trembled in every limb, but did not lose my self-possession; and now
I laugh to think that the cause of my trepidation was nothing more
than a harmless iguana--a large species of lizard. A single movement
of my body caused him to slide from his place and drag his ugly form
away; but he did not choose to end his antics here; several hours
he continued the annoyance, and determined to make the best of his
affectionate ways. I threw a piece of pumice-stone at him, and Mr.
Iguana lay senseless among the rocks. Cutting the reptile’s throat and
catching the blood in the heel of my dilapidated shoe, I drank it as if
it had been a beverage of cool milk. With refreshed vigor I ascended
the hill. It was covered with grass, and little trees resembling the
American beech grew upon it. Flocks of birds were flying about, and
their songs revived my spirits.
“Commencing a search for water, I discovered a deep fissure, at the
bottom of which some shining substance attracted my attention, and
feeling certain that it was water, I descended into the chasm. Again
was I doomed to disappointment. A soft, damp mud covered the bottom, in
which hundreds of tiny tracks told me that birds had visited the spot,
and that the water which had fallen from the clouds had been drank
or absorbed by the soil. Had I been a student of natural history, an
hour could have been whiled away in the study of ornithichnites; but,
dropping all thoughts of science, I made balls of the mud and sucked
the moisture they contained, then climbed into the open air. The birds
were exceedingly tame, and suffered me to approach and knock them down
with a stick. In this I beheld the beneficence of Providence, for here
was food for many days. After killing several, I attempted to light a
fire with the three matches before mentioned. All three failed. I ate
two birds in a raw state, and went in search of an iguana to procure
more blood to quench my thirst. The sides of the hill were perforated
with the burrows of this animal, into which it crept, leaving the tail
outside. I caught hold of one lusty fellow’s appendage, but was too
weak to pull him out; he beat me from side to side, and I sat down upon
a rock in despair.
“The next day, when about to leave the hill, a singular fact attracted
my attention. The birds left in flocks, and winging their way towards
the big mountain, returned in twenty or thirty minutes.
“Following them for some time with my eyes, I concluded that it was
for water that they left the green hill; and carefully marking their
flight, I followed them; but, weak and exhausted, after travelling
nearly a mile across ridges that became more and more difficult to
surmount, it seemed advisable to return. An attempt to capture a young
iguana was successful, and this quenched my thirst, while a few birds’
legs kept starvation at a distance. Another night’s rest revived my
courage, and I determined, come what might, to make one more effort
to reach the sea-coast. Another day’s travel being over, I slept upon
the pumice-stone a few miles from the hill. One more day of suffering,
and when Night spread her mantle over the island, I knew too well that
mental derangement was coming; but still one idea had possession of my
mind--Onward, onward!
“I crossed a little ridge, and saw something white at its base; for
the moon had risen, and shed its light over the burning island of
pumice-stone. I lowered myself into a chasm, and examined it. My brain
became settled and attention fixed; and with horror I laid my hand upon
the skeleton of a man lying upon his face, with a large tortoise bound
to his back by a piece of ratlin. Poor fellow! he had, undoubtedly,
while making his way to his ship, missed his footing, and fallen in
such a way that he was wedged in and kept down by the great weight
upon his back: perhaps the fall itself killed him.” “But,” said I,
“why did not his captain send men to search for him?” “By asking such
a question, my friend,” begun Don Guillermo, “you show your ignorance
of the character of a captain of a whaler. Do you think, if the captain
wished to make sail, he would wait even _one_ day to seek for one of
his crew? If you wish to satisfy yourself on this point, try a voyage
in a New Bedford whaleship, and you will soon be assured that my
opinion is true.”
Don Guillermo continued his narrative.
“This affecting sight filled my mind with thoughts both joyful and
dismal--joyful, because I knew that the coast was at hand, for the
experience of the few days past had taught me that the tortoise does
not wander far inland--dismal, because it might be premonitive of
my own fate. With a giddy head I continued on my way. Of the events
which occurred from that time I have but a dim recollection. I faintly
remember wandering on for many hours, and sleeping upon the heated
rocks--the light of day coming again, when my journey was continued;
the sound of rushing waters--and then my vision became clearer. I
remember the white sandy beach that seemed covered with eggs, and the
ringing noise in my ears--the screaming of the sea-birds. All this
passed through my brain with the rapidity of lightning; then, rushing
frantically to the sea, I swallowed greedily large draughts of water.
The cove was filled with other swimmers, that gnashed and gritted
their teeth, as if mocking my suffering. They were, in reality, seals;
but, almost a maniac, I jumped about among them (so others afterwards
informed me), cutting all kinds of pranks; at which the whole school
retreated with fear. All then became a blank to me.
“I was next aroused by the voices of people engaged in conversation,
together with the strong smell of liquors, and, opening my eyes, I
found myself in a comfortable berth in the cabin of a vessel, which,
by a perceptible motion, I knew to be under way. ‘He has come to,’
said a rough voice; ‘there’s nothing like an internal as well as
external application of brandy.’ Two or three persons came to the
berth, and questioned me regarding my ‘island excursion.’ Their various
applications had restored my system to a comparative degree of vigor;
and, assisted by the second officer, I went on deck to behold the
shores of Terrapin Island sinking below the horizon.
“The name of this vessel was Henry Astor; she was a Nantucket whaler,
and her captain, my deliverer from a melancholy fate, was Pinkham. I
would give his name in full, every letter of it, had not nearly sixteen
years of wandering obliterated it from my memory.
“A few days’ sail brought us to the Marquesas Islands, and by that
time the sea air and good living had perfectly restored me to health,
and I was eager for new adventures. Our captain proposed remaining
here a few days, in order to procure fresh provisions, and trade was
commenced with the natives by bartering hoop-iron, knives, beads, &c.,
in exchange for pigs, yams, cocoanuts, and other fruits. A small,
uninhabited island near by was resorted to by the islanders for
fishing, and our captain sent our boats to secure a supply for the men.
We met a party of natives with canoes on one side of the island, and we
became very friendly in our intercourse with them.
“The boat returned to the ship without me, but conveyed a message
to the effect that I should not return. The reason for so doing was
satisfactory to the sailors. Our second officer was a Portuguese, and
a vile fellow. He so exasperated his watch while on the passage from
Terrapin Island, that they were now ripe for mutiny; and having no
interest in their affairs, I did not wish to be one of their number
longer. The Henry Astor would not return to North America for two or
three years, and homeward-bound vessels (whalers) sometimes touched at
the Marquesas. Thus, if I remained with the natives, there was a chance
of my being taken off by a better-omened ship than the one I had just
left. The next day a _pearler_ hove in sight, and ran close in to land.
I raised a signal, and was soon taken on board. The vessel steered
for Hiva-oa,[4] sometimes called Dominica, and commenced business
in good earnest. The natives were employed to dive for us in four or
five fathoms of water. In this they were very expert, and some of them
could remain four minutes under water. They swam off to our boats every
morning, and worked all day, receiving in payment for their labor
pieces of red flannel and bright-colored calico.
“Strict orders were repeated to us every morning regarding our duties
for the day. We were forbidden to go within a certain distance of the
shore, as the natives were very treacherous, having captured and eaten
an English boat’s crew a short time before (1840 or ’41). Three days
passed very pleasantly, when, upon the fourth, word was given to be
diligent, as the vessel would sail for the coast of Japan with the
first fair wind. ‘What!’ exclaimed one of the boat’s crew to which I
belonged, ‘are we to leave without setting foot on Hiva-oa? Shiver my
timbers if I don’t go ashore to-morrow night, after work is done! and
the old man may send the whole ship’s company after me, if he likes.’
To this expression the other two agreed, and, not wishing to be behind
my comrades, I consented also; and before retiring to sleep we had made
arrangements for a visit to the dreaded cannibal islands.
“The next morning the boats’ crews commenced work as usual, and at
four bells in the afternoon returned to the ship. This was the time
agreed upon for carrying out our design. The natives, who were with us
during the day, had swam ashore, and disappeared among the cocoa-nut
groves, and the only living objects in sight were a party of women,
and two or three old men, the former engaged in various diversions,
and the latter sitting like statues near them. It was the custom of
these females to collect in groups near the sea-shore during the day,
and watch their husbands and lovers, who were hard at work diving
for the pearl-oyster; and taking advantage of this circumstance,
we came prepared for the party. Upon landing, we distributed from
our well-filled pockets various little presents, and were at once
treated with the greatest kindness. The looking-glass that we brought
filled them with astonishment, and Cram, a young Pennsylvanian,
was endeavoring to teach them the philosophy of it by all sorts of
gestures, when a low murmur caused us to look seaward; and lo! a long
line of men, the fathers, brothers, and lovers of the female party,
were advancing towards us, and as we hastily rose to depart, they
pointed towards the interior, and made signs for us to go inland.
“Too late we perceived our boyish error; the boat had been secured,
and there was no chance for retreat, and sullenly we marched on in
advance of the islanders. All the way Cram grumbled at the fate that
might be ours. He blessed his top-lights, then cursed them, the women,
who followed, laughing all the while at his curious physiognomy. As we
drew near the end of a beautiful valley, in which the natives dwelt,
Cram felt quite at home, and remarked that it was not ‘much of any
consequence where a person lived. These fellows,’ said he, ‘have plenty
to eat, and don’t have to turn to every morning while in port, or every
watch when at sea. If the king here will give me his daughter, I will
settle down on a farm after swallowing my sheet anchor;’ and putting
a quid of tobacco in his mouth, he squirted the juice right and left
among the crowd, who became wild with mirth.
“Thanks to our previous kind treatment to the islanders, upon arriving
at their village they gave us to understand that we should receive no
harm. We did not go through any trial, or appear before any council;
but by gestures they made known to us that each of our number could
choose a place of residence from among the two or three hundred
habitations in the valley. I fancied that of an old man, who must have
been, in his younger days, a great warrior, as his body was covered
with scars, and one longitudinal one, that, commencing upon his
forehead, and ending with the chin, excited my amazement, for the skull
had evidently been split by some weapon, from the effects of which he
sometimes labored under temporary insanity. At Cram’s suggestion, we
christened him ‘Old Split Head.’ The three other sailors were quartered
in habitations near my own, and for a few days we lived contentedly
enough, every wish being anticipated and satisfied by these kind people.
“One morning, about a week after our capture, while talking together,
the conversation was suddenly interrupted by the booming of cannon, and
we arose to go down to the beach, but were prevented by our captors.
Report after report followed, and echoed among the hills that divided
the island into separate parts. I was convinced by these sounds that
our ship had got under way, and was exercising her two or three rusty
guns for our benefit. But what seemed stranger than all was, that
these reports came from the opposite side of the island, and from an
entirely different direction from her former anchorage. Cram laughed
at my opinions, and harangued the other two after this fashion: ‘He
says that it’s our craft that’s making all that noise. I’ll sell myself
for a sea-cook if it isn’t one of those parlez-vous French men-o’-war
that’s come along, and heard that we are among this confounded set.
Now, shipmates, what say you? Here we have been loafing about like a
set of lobster marines, doing nothing, nor serving mankind, and it’s
a certain fact that we have got to be laid up here until we get away.
Now, I, for one, am heartily tired of this wasting of energies; and
as for living here listening to these cocoa-nut eaters, who expect to
tattoo us into Davy Jones’s locker, I won’t; so come along. We can make
a straight course across those big hills yonder, and then hurrah for
Johnny Crapo’s boats. If you will all start, I’ll agree to steer my
trick to-night, if it _is_ aboard a French man-o’-war. The two sailors
were overpowered by Cram’s eloquence, and swore roundly that they would
follow him, if he set out instantly.
“Now, all the while the natives had been watching us, and when
the orator, during his speech, pointed to the hills, they at once
comprehended their prisoners’ intentions, and, coming forward, an old
man, better dressed than the others, gave us to understand, through
signs, that upon the other side of the mountain dwelt other savages,
who were their enemies. Nothing daunted, Cram and his associates set
out for the mountain, followed by a party of islanders, who continued
expostulating with them until they reached its base.
“The old man, whom I now took to be the chief, in an authoritative
manner, despatched a second party but Cram and the other two showed
fight, and, rolling down large stones upon the chiefs men, prevented
them from advancing. As the three reckless fellows neared the summit
of the mountain, they were watched with intense interest by the people
below. A few minutes more, and they had disappeared on the other side,
where they met the savages of whom they had been warned, who drove them
back, fighting with great fury. The men in our village ran for their
arms, and a loud shout resounded throughout the valley. Twice I started
to join in the affray; but those near me prevented my departure. The
fight lasted about fifteen minutes, and was ended by the death of the
white men, my companions. The captors retired to their own territory,
while I wept for the first time since leaving my native land. I was
but just nineteen years of age, and was, perhaps, a prisoner for life,
destined to live apart from my countrymen. I had been nurtured in
refinement, and trained under the holy influence of a mother’s prayers;
and now a most miserable life was before me, indolence and barbarity.
“The fate of my friends was a cruel one. The natives around the base
of the mountain saw them fight bravely until overpowered by superior
numbers, when one by one the three sailors were felled to the earth.
Cram was seen struggling with an islander until another native, with
his spear, broke the poor fellow’s jaw, and he was obliged to surrender.
“About noon the next day came a deputation from the people of the
territory behind the mountains to make peace with our ‘Tehoke’
(principal chief), which caused a great palaver among our natives. To
appease our chief, a gift was presented him by the committee. It was
rolled up in cocoa-nut leaves, the first layer of which was green,
as if just gathered from the trees. While they slowly unrolled the
present, the natives clustered around it, and as wrapper after wrapper
fell to the ground, a sight was disclosed that caused me to shudder.
It was a fitting present from cannibals, the leg of poor Cram, browned
from the effects of fire. I identified the limb by means of a tattooed
ring upon the calf, that still retained the original color. But this
gift, instead of soothing the ire of the haughty ‘Tehoke,’ produced
an entirely different effect; for he called a council, and, after
a palaver, the cannibal committee were dismissed, and war formally
declared. The islanders were wild with excitement, and I was made to
sing, in the midst of the rabble, a grand _hoolo-hoolo_, and to dance,
which I did to the music of a drum, made by stretching human skin
across the ends of a short, hollow log.
“At dawn on the following day, an army of nearly three hundred men
ascended the mountain, and disappeared over the summit.
“The day of battle was one of nature’s loveliest. The rays of the sun,
with trembling light, pierced the dense foliage of the groves around
the absent warriors’ homes, and sparkled upon the cool streams of water
meandering along the valley, and falling in little cascades among the
rocks. It would seem a time and place for quiet thoughts and pious
meditation. But my mind was not in a fit state to appreciate the beauty
that reposed around me. I wandered through the valley, thinking of my
curious situation, of the strange beings who were my companions, and
my isolation from civilization. I thought of the happy American home
that I had left, and my memory went back to a beautiful Sabbath morning
(the day prior to my departure from home), when, taking the hand of my
sister, I led her to a little wood behind the house, and there she sang
to me a song, the words of which have since rung in my ears, through
all my wanderings, over sea and land, and have kept me from the errors
that have caused the downfall of thousands.
“Perched upon the top of a coca-nut tree, Old Split Head kept on
the lookout for news. Beyond him another dark head peeped above the
foliage, and still nearer the mountain another and another native could
be seen. This was a telegraphic line of communication.
“Soon after the natives had disappeared over the mountain, the reports
of a few muskets, obtained from the English boat’s crew that was
captured some months before, together with distant shouts, told me that
the game was up. After this, a long silence caused me to doubt as to
who were the victors, for I believed that if our party were successful,
they would return quickly with what booty could be obtained.
“About four o’clock in the afternoon, a courier appeared on the brow
of the mountain, and a telegraphic message came quickly to Old Split
Head, who was beside me at the door. Now, as my guardian attempted to
communicate the intelligence to me, he became so excited that he could
do nothing more than jump high in the air, roll over and over upon the
ground and shake his long spear at a tree. He then caught me by the
arm, and led me to the beach, where the army arrived, an hour after, in
six large war-canoes, each holding about fifty rowers. These canoes,
together with three men, and many pigs and weapons, had been captured
during the engagement. The three captive warriors lay bound in the
bottom of the boat, and were unable to move hand or foot.
“Now commenced a great hoolo-hoolo, during which I was embraced by the
Tehoke in presence of the multitude. The three prisoners were removed
to a little square formed by a wall of stones, and left under a guard
for the night, and I was informed that upon the next day I should
receive a high _taboo_. This is a mark of distinction and privilege,
differing according to the grade or class of the taboo--some causing
the person tabooed to stand above those who have a low mark upon them.
This favor is only given to men; the women do not receive it, and are,
therefore, in one sense, slaves to their husbands. The next morning
the Tehoke performed the process of tabooing, by passing over my head
a piece of _tappa_ (native cloth), and pronouncing several words not
comprehended by me. After this the Tehoke presented me with two wives,
one of whom was his own daughter, and Split Head, with two ingenious
fellows, built in the course of the day a new habitation, in which I
was to dwell.
“Now came the hour in which the prisoners taken during the battle were
to meet their doom. They were seized by a party of natives, and each
one placed erect, with his back against a cocoa-nut tree. Around the
neck of the victim, and trunk of the tree, was wound a short piece of
native rope, and a stick being placed in the bight, it was turned
around several times, until the tongue protruded from the mouth, and
the prisoner was dead. Deep holes were dug and lined with stones, upon
which a large fire was kindled, and allowed to continue burning until
the stones were very hot. The ashes and sticks were raked out, and the
bodies of the prisoners, which had been previously wrapped in many
layers of cocoa-nut leaves, were laid in the cavities, and hot stones
placed upon them. There was no chance of straying from the spot, as I
sat close by the Tehoke; but I sickened and my head grew dizzy at the
horrid sight. The horrors of a cannibal feast I will not describe.
Suffice it to say that the natives became in my eyes as wild animals
devouring prey.
“I now led a more agreeable life than I had formerly enjoyed, that
is to say, if enjoyment consists in having a mind free from care or
trouble. Before the taboo had been placed upon me, there were times
when some of the natives attempted great freedom with my person, and
were a source of trouble to me. Now I lived as the chief’s son-in-law,
and as a person of distinction, as I possessed a high taboo. I was
ingenious, and by repairing the old flint-lock muskets of the chief,
took a new stand as a man of superior endowment. As month after month
passed away, I became more accustomed to my situation, and felt, at
times, almost contented with my lot. I began to acquire the language,
and took part in the councils of the chiefs, where my word was valued.
During all this time I passed but one ordeal, that of _tattooing_. I
was taken by force from my dwelling, and, being laid upon my back,
underwent an operation, the effects of which I shall carry with me to
the grave.”
So saying, Don Guillermo divested himself of his shirt, and there were
visible upon his breast two curious specimens of Marquesian tattooing.
“This figure, on my left side,” said he, “is intended to represent the
moon, while the one on the right is the sun.” Upon his thighs and arms
were other figures equally curious as those upon his breast. He then
continued: “Once I was dragged out to be ornamented upon the face; but
I struggled and begged so hard to escape from the hands of the artists,
that Old Split Head, whose influence was considerable, interceded
with the islanders, and I was permitted to go free. Having acquired
the dialect, the natives placed more confidence in me than they had
previously done, and I walked along the sea-coast two or three times a
week with the hope of seeing a vessel. Once or twice I descried ships
in the distance, but was doomed again and again to disappointment, as
they did not approach the island; and for eleven long, weary months,
did I remain a prisoner among the cannibals of Hiva-oa.
“In conversing with the islanders, they had often spoken of a
foreigner, who, by some accident, had been a resident among them. They
called him Oorie, and though I questioned them regarding his escape,
they would not give me any clew by means of which I could ascertain the
method he used to obtain his freedom. I afterwards comforted myself by
believing that as _one_ person had been taken off the island, another
might meet with the same good fortune; and from the time I received the
above information, my eyes were always gazing over the surface of the
ocean for a glimpse of a distant sail.
“As the eleventh month of my life among the cannibals drew to its
close, a whaler from North America dropped anchor in the little bay,
and almost in the same spot where, nearly a year before, I had gazed
with admiration upon the tropical scenery of my new island home, the
prison-ground that debarred me from civilization. The rare event of
a ship visiting Hiva-oa threw its inhabitants into a state of great
excitement, some of whom were for having me closely guarded, while
others, too much occupied in getting ready their fruits for a market,
only laughed and shouted to increase the confusion that everywhere
prevailed. During the hubbub and clamor of voices, I conversed with
some of the females, whose ideas of a ship and the uses to which one is
applied, were of the most primitive kind. ‘Where does the great monster
live, and from what country does it travel?’ they asked, gazing at the
same time eagerly into my face, as if expecting to receive an incorrect
reply. ‘It comes from my own country, which is a long way off’, I
answered. To this one young girl gravely responded, ‘Then your home is
in the clouds, for this thing (the ship) rains down; we have seen the
same before two or three times.’
“The men swam off to the vessel, and, while absent, I endeavored to
persuade some of the chiefs to allow me to go upon the same errand the
next day; but in this I was unsuccessful. They sternly objected to my
appeals, and, urged to desperation, I projected an escape, but was
twice foiled in the attempt.
“The second night after the whaler arrived, I left the hut before the
islanders arose from their slumbers, and, though my movements had been
watched, I reached a branch of the valley stream, and, wading along
its course up to my chin in water, soon entered the sea, and boldly
struck out for the vessel that lay at her anchorage.
“The man who had the anchor watch saw the gleam of light in my wake,
caused by the displacement of the water, for the moon was high in
the heavens, and the smallest object could be easily distinguished.
Thinking I was a savage on a predatory excursion, he called the mate,
who in turn aroused the captain. A rope was thrown to me, and half
an hour after leaving my hut of canes and cocoa-nut boughs, I was
surrounded by a half-naked group of down-east greenhorns, who kindly
presented me with a suit of clothes, in place of my island one of tappa.
“The next morning, the master of the whaler, Captain Brown, thinking
that my escape might exasperate the natives, mast-headed the topsail
yards, and heaved short our cable, to be in readiness to leave in the
afternoon, at the moment the heavens gave indications of a breeze.
While these preparations were under way, Old Split Head came down the
beach, and loudly shouted my name. To prove his affection for me, I did
not answer his call; whereupon he danced about for some time, clutching
his hair, and then rolling upon the sand, appearing to be in hysterics.
“Towards three o’clock came the wished-for breeze, and with it the
order to ‘fill away the topsails.’ Springing to the sheets, a party
of us hauled them home, while others heaved up the anchor, and as we
slowly stretched away from Hiva-oa, I breathed a prayer of thanks for
my safe deliverance. The long line of natives upon the beach, at sight
of our departure, could restrain themselves no longer, for above forty
threw themselves into the sea, and followed after us like a school of
porpoises. I threw out a rope for Old Split Head, and the rapidity with
which he ascended the ship’s side drew many remarks of admiration from
the sailors, who declared that ‘no salt could have done it better.’
The instant he touched the deck he embraced me, and, refusing to be
comforted, pointed over the ship’s side at one of my wives, who was
_treading water_, and softly uttered her name many times--‘Cuahoo!
Cuahoo!’ Captain Brown gave the old fellow several pieces of red
flannel, and a few pounds of tobacco, and, rolling the latter in the
cloth, he lashed the bundle to his head, and with a long, tearful
embrace, we parted.
“This was the last time I saw Old Split Head, who was the truest and
best friend I ever had; and many times since we parted, when amid
trials and sufferings, my thoughts have turned to our little hut
beneath the cocoa-nut grove, where so many hours had been passed in
his company, savage though he was; and I have regretted leaving that
romantic island. Then reason and the voice of duty have said, ‘You
were born among civilized people, and it is your duty to act manfully
against vicissitudes; but to live a life of ease and pleasure,
surrounded by things that injure rather than strengthen the noble
faculties of the soul, is sinful, and is not in accordance with the
principles of truth and of the Bible.’
“From Hiva-oa a breeze wafted us into Talcahuano, the port of
Concepcion, Chili, where I remained for some months, working at
different trades, in nearly all of which I was able to compete with
the native workmen. I could relate to you many interesting stories
of the Araucanian Indians, who occupy the south of Chili, and often
come to Concepcion to barter their ponchos, mantas, &c., for English
articles; but having occupied much of your time, I shall draw my
narrative to a close as soon as possible.
“While residing in Chili, I made the acquaintance of two young men,
who, having visited Juan Fernandez, spoke encouragingly of the chances
that existed for making money upon that island. And they proposed that
we should purchase a boat and repair to the island, where thousands of
goats run wild, and there pass a few months in securing the skins of
these animals, after which we were to sail to Masafuero, an adjacent
island, where there were a large number of seals.
“I had earned by this time a sufficient sum of money to accept of
their offer, and they being supplied with like amounts, we purchased a
large whale boat, a stock of provisions, and three dogs, besides guns,
ammunition, and all the accessories necessary to insure success to our
enterprise. We bargained with the captain of a vessel that was about
leaving Talcahuano for a sperm whale cruise, to leave us to ourselves
when the ship hove in sight of Juan Fernandez, near which his course
lay. One thing more was yet to be done; we had no person to do the
drudgery of preparing and cooking our food. Our choice, therefore,
fell upon a stout negro, called Pedro, who was fluent in the use of
the English and Spanish languages, and for a low sum we secured his
services.
“The ship put to sea with a gentle breeze one fine morning, and early
on the fourth day the rough peaks of the island were seen above the
horizon.
“Preparations commenced immediately for disembarkation. Our little
craft was launched, the masts stepped, her cargo carefully adjusted,
and quickly tumbling in our dogs and Pedro, we bade adieu to the whaler.
“Though the breeze blew fresh at the time we left the ship, and our
party spread every stitch of canvas, it was not until night set in
that our boat grounded amid the surf upon the white sandy beach of the
romantic Robinson Crusoe island, and we all crawled on shore drenched
with spray to the skin.
“A few days after, a hut was completed, and our party commenced
business in good earnest; and while the three whites were occupied
in capturing the goats, the black, Pedro, officiated as cook and
housekeeper in our little dwelling. Among the cliffs the goats
scampered about singly and in little parties. It was our object to
concentrate all stragglers, and driving them into some little nook or
valley, from which there was no escape, we shot them down, or, when
practicable, captured them with the lasso. In collecting the stray
goats into parties, we were greatly assisted by our dogs, which had
been trained for the purpose.
“When the animals abounded in places where the valleys were large
and did not afford opportunities for capturing them, we built stone
enclosures, and in them intrapped large numbers. To capture and skin
thirty goats was considered no more than a good day’s labor for each
man. Thus our pile of skins towered higher each day, and promised us a
little fortune when we should dispose of them on the continent.
“While enjoying this success, a distant sail was distinguished one
afternoon by Pedro, who ran out of his domicile to inform us of the
welcome fact. The following day our hut was honored by the presence of
one of South America’s best and greatest children, the patriotic and
learned Don Domingo F. Sarmiento, who, having been sent abroad, by the
government of Chili, to visit different portions of the world, to gain
information of superior customs, with the intention of introducing such
as were practicable to that republic on his return, had first called at
this island, which belongs to that government.
“Though sent upon such a commission, Sarmiento was not a Chileno by
birth, but had resided in Chili some years, having been exiled from his
native country, the Argentine Republic, by the tyrannical Rosas, who
was ever uneasy when a philanthropist or scholar was within the land
over which he stretched his arm of iron and bathed his hands in the
blood of her people. It is unnecessary for me to give you an account
of the stay of this great man upon the island; suffice it to say, we
became very intimate, he sleeping nine successive nights upon my bed
of goat-skins; and when I visited him in Chili, after his return from
Europe and North America, he presented me with a copy of his travels,
‘_Viages de Sarmiento_,’ in which you will find the particulars of
the visit. Before General Rosas was driven out of office and country,
Sarmiento himself had crossed the Cordillera and Pampas, and was
fighting against the army of the tyrant; and while on a visit to him,
he said, handing me a trusty sword, ‘Don Guillermo, your ingenuity is
remarkable. I have not been able to clean this instrument. Will you
oblige me by removing from it all traces of rust?’ He then reached his
hand above an _escritorio_, and as he held out another weapon, a smile
playing upon his noble features, he said, ‘My friend, this sword you
need not clean; I shall keep it as a memorial; for upon its surface
are blood-stains from the heart of a tyrant, who would have been like
Rosas, had not I, while in the engagement, sought him out and thrust
my trusty steel through his heart. Now I can go back to the Argentine
Republic and to freedom, for the tyrant and his _Masorca_[5] have been
driven from their stronghold, and their dread influence is at an end.’
“After remaining some few months on Juan Fernandez and the neighboring
Masafuero, a whaler arrived and took off our company with their
property. Before the ship left the island, according to a promise I had
made to Sarmiento, I cut his name deep in a ledge of rock, where it can
be seen at the present day.
“Welcome was the first sight of the main land after months spent upon
a small island. When we reached Valparaiso, to our dismay the price of
goat-skins and furs had fallen, and in place of receiving the expected
several thousand dollars in return for my goods, I quietly pocketed
six hundred dollars, and swallowed my disappointment. The goat-skins
brought one real (12¹⁄₂ cents), and in some cases two reals each, while
the seals commanded from three to six reals.
“Not caring to follow a roving life any longer, I proceeded to the
capital of Chili, the beautiful Santiago, and for a time found
entertainment in pursuing various trades. About this time I made the
acquaintance of a young artist from North America. Troubles had driven
him, like myself, from a good home, and, being often together, our
attachment became such that it was spoken of by every one. One evening,
as we walked arm in arm along the Tauamar, and near Fort Santa Lucia,
he pointed in the direction of a nunnery, and said, ‘Within those walls
is a young lady that I would have married long ago, but her parents,
despising one they were pleased to call a _gringo_, placed her in that
building, fearing that she might elope with her lover to some other
part of the country. Once or twice I have received letters from her,
and, like myself, she does not care to live longer, and unless we can
be united soon, nothing but the death of the suicide is left to me.’
I was greatly affected at this disclosure, which only served to bind
our friendship still stronger. I was not the only friend from whom the
young artist could draw sympathy. A daring North American, armed with
a Colt’s revolver and a fine key-hole saw, repaired one dark night to
the nunnery, scaled its walls, and tearing off the tiles, cut a hole
through the porous wood-roof, and took from the praying-room the young
betrothed, who had made a vow to her conjuror to resort to that place
each night to pray until her prayers were answered, but in a very
different manner than the priest would have wished, had he known the
blessing asked for.
“The next day the lovers were united, and bade me farewell forever.
Before the _vigilantes_ were summoned to retake the couple or arrest
the perpetrator of the deed, against whom injured Catholicism raised a
loud cry, the bride and bridegroom, mounted on fleet horses, were on
their way to Bolivia, where they are now probably residing.
“It was proved that, at the time of the rescue, our countryman, the
artist, was in some other place; and being his friend, and known to be
ingenious, I was pointed out as the culprit. People became excited,
and while the _vigilantes_ were about, a trusty friend brought me two
horses, and volunteering to become my travelling companion, we set out
for the Argentine Republic, that lay on the eastern side of the Andes.
The Uspallata and Portillo passes were watched, and nothing remained
but to follow down the valley of Tupungato to the Planchon Pass.
Without sustenance for our animals, and but a small supply of food,
we commenced a journey that the old _arrieros_ themselves would have
turned back from. The lofty sides of the mountains hemmed us in, and we
followed on, day after day, until our horses died, and we were on the
point of starvation. At last we reached the Planchon, which is close
upon Patagonia, and crossing this flat mountain, which is composed
of light gravel, resembling snuff in color and fineness of grain, we
came upon a little fort, from which a few soldiers ran on seeing us,
shouting, ‘The Indians! the Indians!’ We left them after quieting their
fears and receiving a little food.
“The next day two Indians approached, and uttered repeatedly the word
‘_amite_’ (friend). They kindly undertook to guide us to Mendoza, a
town that lay one hundred and eighty leagues to the north. These two
savages captured with their _boliadores_ several ostriches and one
or two guanacos, upon the flesh of which we feasted. When within two
days of the town, our guides pointed out the true direction for us to
follow, and, shaking hands with them, we parted.
“Upon arriving in Mendoza I found employment for a while, but, not
liking the place, went north to San Juan, while my friend returned to
Chili. And here I have lived for nine years, having been married for
the last six or seven to the daughter of Don ----, an old soldier, who
has fought in the battles of the revolutions which spring up every few
years in this province.”
Alter returning to North America, I wrote many letters of inquiry for
the benefit of Don Guillermo. Several of these letters were answered.
Others, probably, never reached the destinations for which they were
intended.
I found that a portion of my friend’s family were still living, and
their heartfelt letters to me amply repaid the exertions I had made to
discover their residences. The history of Don Guillermo has a touch of
romance about it. One person wrote as follows: “F. D----g (the father
of Don G.) was a younger son of the high chamberlain to the King of
Saxony, and as his elder brother took the office and title of his
father, he, F., took to the army, as is usual in that country, and,
just before the close of our revolutionary war, came to New York as
major of a regiment of Hessians. After peace was declared, he remained,
and married a wealthy lady,” &c., &c.
Thus much regarding his parentage. The cause that drove him from the
land that he even now adores, remains a secret with the few in whose
breasts it will be sure of a safe keeping.
From another quarter I received the following lines, which were
written by the cooper of the Henry Astor, who took charge of the ship
on her homeward passage: “In looking over my journal of notes of that
voyage, I have not mentioned the coming on board of the young man (Don
Guillermo) at Galápagos Islands; but on the 7th of October, 1842, I
have merely mentioned that we lost, by desertion, while at Dominica
(one of the Marquesas Islands), a boy. The particulars of which I
recorded in the ship’s log book.
“The particulars of his coming on board, or of his leaving, have passed
from me, and I could wish that many other occurrences of that eventful
voyage might. H. C.”
Letters from Nantucket inform me that the log-book of the Henry
Astor was lost in the great fire of 1846. The captain’s private
journal, brought home by Mr. C., the cooper of the ship, contains
the information desired. “A Scotch boy, by the name of James Walker
(assumed name), deserted the ship at the Isle of Dominica, one of the
Marquesas, on the 8th day of October, 1842; and they had good reason to
believe that he was enticed away from the ship.”
Not having seen the captain’s journal, I cannot learn anything
relative to the men who accompanied Don Guillermo when he left the
vessel. I have added these few facts, thinking that they might be
interesting to the relatives of Don Guillermo, who are now able to
carry on a correspondence with him.
FOOTNOTES:
[4] Hiva-oa is about seventy miles south-west of Nukuheva, the island
upon which Mr. Herman Melville, the author of “Typee,” passed four
months among the islanders.
[5] The Masorca was a club of three hundred men, organized by Rosas to
cut the throats of his political foes and defenseless citizens, who
would not succumb to his tyrannical sway.