to be a man belonging to the Ábú-Shárib, and generally known merely
under the name of Fákih-el-bahr, who spent many years with Mohammed
Sáleh, when he was wandering homeless about; and probably on this
account was not put to death by the fierce king who has executed a
considerable number of learned men, and among others, the Sheikh-el-
Herán, a great doctor, belonging also to the more spirited tribe of the
Ábú-Shárib, on the pretext that he had betrayed him to his enemies the
Kodoyí; he likewise executed the great and learned Imám Mohammed Gírga.
_Food._—I shall conclude this notice of Wádáy with a few observations on
the food of its inhabitants. As in most parts of Sudán, it consists
principally of dukhn or pennisetum typhoïdeum; but they have also some
wheat and rice. The people of Wádáy have a plentiful supply of meat, and
are tolerably well provided with milk and butter, and are therefore not
obliged to have recourse every day to that insipid broth made of dried
and powdered fish, formed into a sort of loaf, and in this form called
“méndichék,” the dried fish, preserved in its natural form, being called
“fértené.” On the contrary, they have a tolerably good variety of
dishes, of which I shall give a short list, without, however, being able
to explain the exact preparation of each. But first I must observe, that
the people of Wádáy do not make any use of the funduk or kárru, the
large wooden mortar so exclusively used over other parts of Negroland,
but grind their dukhn on stones, their country being rather of a stony
character, while in many parts of Bórnu and Bagírmi not a single stone
is seen. As far as the dishes are prepared of dukhn, the following are
the principal ones: first the damírge, the common daily dish; then
masáffa, a very favourite dish in Wádáy; reshéfa, another dish of dukhn,
prepared with milk; takárin, prepared with the fat of oxen, instead of
milk; kíssere, denási, amkóshu, súri, kókor, ʿajíne amráfa, rotóto, and
subáy; another dish made of sesamum and called amkeleño. Then their
various sweetmeats, as the kíllikáb, prepared with corn and honey; the
matábba, made of rice and honey; the kák, made of corn, or rice, with
butter, honey, and dates; the ʿajíne zérka; and, finally, the fáworó,
made of dates boiled in milk and then left to cool. Of the dishes of
meat, the wéka, and the shaham el kebél are the most celebrated. As for
drinking, it is well known that almost all the people of Wádáy indulge
in an intoxicating beverage called merísa by the Arabs, of which there
are three species,—the bilbil or red, the ákebésh or white, and the
“hal.”
I cannot conclude this account of Wádáy without stating that the whole
of it was drawn up in Bagírmi in the year 1852. I did not see _Le Voyage
au Ouadáy_, published in 1851, by Jomard et Perron, till 1855, and have
not changed a word in it. The account of the Sheikh el Túnsí is
extremely valuable with regard to the private life of the people, but
full of exaggerations with regard to public affairs; for example, the
strength of the army, the tribute paid by Bagírmi, and so on.
[Footnote 109: Residing in Gálum Kúsha.]
[Footnote 110: Residing in Ám-Sidr, a zaraf, one day N.W. from Wára, and
about the same distance from Gálum Kúsha.]
APPENDIX IX.
COLLECTION OF ITINERARIES FOR FIXING THE TOPOGRAPHY OF WÁDÁY, AND THOSE
PARTS OF BAGÍRMI WHICH I DID NOT VISIT MYSELF.
1. ROADS FROM MÁS-EÑÁ TO WÁRA, E.N.E.
(_a._) _Route of Háj Bú-bakr Sadík of Bákadá, who performed this journey
three times. March, about six hours per diem._
1st day. Baláwu, a large Bagírmi place with a sheikh of its own; pass
Bídderi on the road,—the place mentioned repeatedly in my journey.
2nd. Dílfin, a Bagírmi place. The wells all about here are deep.
3rd. Kínji, the last place of Bagírmi Proper, already mixed with
Shúwa.[111]
4th. Wenése, a Shúwa place with cultivated fields.
5th. Bírka, a place of the Welád Músa, represented as the most warlike
tribe of Shúwa hereabouts.
6th. Túmsa, a place inhabited by Kúka, but belonging to Bagírmi.
7th. No village. Having arrived about noon, you start again in the
evening, and, after a short repose, reach in the morning
8th. Géla, the first place of Fittrí.
9th. Mélme, a considerable place with a great market held every Tuesday.
The direction, having hitherto been nearly north, now turns east.
10th. Yʿawó, the capital of Fittrí, on the north side of the Bat-há, and
not far from its junction with the (lake) Fittrí, a large but open place
(built by the Bulála, before whose arrival and settlement in the
country, Kúdu was the capital of Fittrí), the residence of Juráb ben Ábú
Sekín, the present ruler of the Bulála. The country abounds in rich
pasture-grounds. The road from Mélme to Yʿawó forms an angle, first
east, further on south.
11th. Séta, a place of the Bulála.
12th. Hafír, encampment without a village, still within the territory of
the Fittrí.
13th. Jeddáda, no inhabited place; encampment in the sandy valley of the
meandering Bat-há, which in the dry season forms only stagnant pools of
water.
14th. Surra, a locality only temporarily inhabited by the Arab tribe of
the Jʿaátena, who frequent it during the rainy season. The territory
belongs to Wádáy.
15th. Dífda, a place of the Arab tribe of the Khozám.
16th. Néjme, a place of the Arab tribe of the Hémedát.
17th. Kunjur, a village of the tribe of the Kúka.
18th. Dermáma, a place of the tribe of the Kúka. From Dermáma to Ábú
Telfán, a great mountain inhabited by pagans of the tribe of the Dájo,
one day, a little south from east.
19th. Birket Fátima, an extensive basin filled by the water of the Bat-
há beyond the north limit of the wádí, with a place of the Arab tribe of
the Masmája, frequented likewise by the Erzegát.
20th. Ráhet el Khalla, another large pond of water, with a hamlet
inhabited by the Dájó, a tribe of negroes under the rule of Wádáy, with
a language of their own.
21st. Ojób, a place of the Másalít, negroes with a peculiar speech
(ertána).
22nd. Foróli, a place of the Siyáda, a division of the Másalít.
23rd. ʿAín Hajar, a place of the Másalít.
24th. Jemést (Juméz) el bédha, a place of the Másalít, on a bend of the
Bat-há, which here comes from the south, and which you now leave behind.
25th. Bórorít, a large village in Wádáy Proper. You turn now from east
to N.E.
26th. Ám-sháraríb, a large village, Wádáy.
27th. Máshek, a large place.
28th. Nimró, a place of the Jellába, with clay houses. The well is three
fathoms deep. South of Nimró lies Tolfú, a place situated on a mountain.
29th. Wára, the capital of Wádáy, inclosed on all sides by sandhills,
leaving only, both on the south and the north sides, a single passage
for access to the town. By the south entrance (the Lingak Embélkena),
you enter the town, leaving the hamlet Búrtay on one side. With the
exception of the palace, all the dwellings consist of reed. The Fásher,
or council-place, is nothing but a spacious open square, planted with
trees (of the kind called here sayál). The wells within the town are
nine fathoms deep; those outside are of less depth. The palace lies on a
range of hills on the east side. The western range of hills is called
Tiré, contains several huts, and has a military guard. W.N.W. from Wára
lies Toná, and at a short distance south lies Gándigin. Nimró from Wára
is about eight miles.
(_b._) _Route of Fáki Íbrahím, from the Ábú Shárib Ménagón, from Bórorít
to Más-eñá. West somewhat south._
1st day. Hillet e’ Sheikh, a large village inhabited by the slaves of
the sultan, by the Zoyúd Arabs, and by the Bulála. You pass in the
morning several small hamlets, and stop during the heat of the day (from
ten to three or four o’clock) at Angúrma Táwemát, a place of the Dár-
Zoyúd, at some distance north of the Bat-há, which has received the
Betéhá at Malám.
2nd. Ám-debáng, a large place inhabited by Kúka, situated in sandy soil
(góz), about one day and a half north of the Bat-há. The heat of the day
is passed at the village of Módu on the ráhet Sáribé, a pond with a
clayey soil, fed by the water coming from the north.
3rd. A large place of the Zoyúd, name not known. Stop during the heat at
Dókeát, a place of the same tribe of the Zoyúd. Within Dár Wádáy the
villages of the Arabs consist of huts of reed; beyond the boundaries of
the country, of portable huts of matting, called “véri” by the Wádáy
people.
4th. Sheg el hájilíj, a place of the Kúka and Bulála, under Agíd
Fadalallah, at some distance from the Bat-há. Stop during the heat of
the day at another village, whose name my informant has forgotten.
5th. Encamp in the open air on néga, sterile land, without an inhabited
place and without water, talha being the only vegetation. Stop during
the heat at Ám-birke, a small place.
6th. Ám-jumézi, a place adorned by sycamores, “juméz”; stop during the
heat at a place of the Bulála.
7th. Khatít, a village of the Bulála. Íbrahím, remaining the whole
morning at Ám-jumézi, started at ʿaser; consequently Khatít is only
distant from the former a few miles.
8th. A small hamlet. Stop during the heat of the day at a place
inhabited by Bórnu people.
9th. Ngarruwendi, a considerable place of the Missiríye; stop during the
heat at Ám-Sheráy, a Pullo or Felláta place, with numerous cattle.
10th. Árda, a village of the Kúka and Bulála on the Bat-há; stop during
the heat at Shebína, a considerable place of the Kúka, who formerly
possessed there much power, situated on the Bat-há. On the banks of the
Bat-há the deléb-palm at present has entirely disappeared, all the trees
having been cut down during the great famine which prevailed seventeen
years ago, in order to feed on the nourishing pith or core.
11th. Ám-aláwi, a considerable place, inhabited by Wádáy and the
Jʿaátena Arabs, at some distance from the Bat-há, which here turns
southward. As far as Ám-aláwi, where Íbrahím stopped two days, the whole
district belongs to Dár Mába, or Wádáy Proper. Stop in the morning at a
small hamlet. From Árda you turn a little N. by W.
12th. Encamp in the sandy bed of the Bat-há without an inhabited place.
Surra is left to the right in the north bend of the wádí. My informant
did not stop for the heat during these days, but travelled on from
morning till noon.
13th. Kharúb, in the bed of the Bat-há, no inhabited place.
14th. Jeddáda, open encampment in the Bat-há.
15th. Séta, a village of the Bulála in their district of Fittrí.
16th. Gámsa, a place of the Bulála on the south bank.
17th. Yʿawa or Yʿawó, capital of the Bulála, close to the north bank of
the Bat-há. Míddogó is from here about twelve hours E.S.E.
18th. Mélme, a considerable market-place, consisting of three hamlets,
close to the north bank of the (lake) Fittrí. Between Yʿawó and Mélme,
the road describes an angle.
19th. Encamp in a forest at midnight, having stopped during the heat at
a well, and started thence at dhohor. Up to this well the road follows a
westerly direction; from here to Más-eñá it keeps south.[112]
20th. Moító, the first place in Bagírmi, which, however, has to pay a
separate tribute of 400 shirts to the agíd el bahr. Moító comprises five
villages, three of which lie in a line on the southern foot of a rocky
eminence, and two at the eastern foot of another. The road to Fittrí
runs between the two rocky ridges, which are of considerable elevation,
and the eastern one of which extends to a great length. At the
easternmost village of the western group, a market is held twice a week,
every Tuesday and Thursday, but is much less important than that of
Mélme. Moító is the residence of a khalífa of the sultan of
Bagírmi.[113] Stop during the heat in the morning in hillelát (small
villages) of the Kúka, and start at dhohor; arrive late in Moító.
21st. Hillet ʿArab, which you reach in the morning, having started in
the evening and slept on the “néga.”
22nd. Garra, in the morning, having started in the evening, and slept at
a place belonging to some Arabs.
23rd. Jilás, having started in the morning, and passed the heat at a
place of the Kúka.
24th. Ábú-Gher, a place of some importance on account of its Saturday
market, and comprising two villages separated from each other by the
market-place. The place is of Púllo or Felláta origin; and the southern
village is entirely inhabited by Fúlbe, whilst the northern one is
occupied by small tradespeople. The name, as far as I know, has nothing
to do with the ábú kern or rhinoceros.
25th. Sobiyó, a village of the mʿallem Sáleh Tynjuráwi, a very learned
fáki. Arrive early in the morning, having started in the evening and
slept on the road.
26th. Más-eñá, the capital of Bagírmi, after a short march. From Ábú
Gher, direction S.S.E.
(_c._) _Route of the Fáki ʿAlí Malánga from Más-eñá to Wára._
1st day. Ábú-Gher.
2nd. Yelás, the Bagírmi place above-mentioned.
3rd. Ábú Gérra.
4th. Moító, a group of villages skirting some rocky eminences. Seven
hours north from Moító lies the village of Aúni, likewise on a rocky
eminence[114]; one day N.W. Gosús, also on a hill; Ángora, a place of
the Kúka, two days N.E.
5th. Kalkálle, a Bagírmi place. A long march.
6th. Mélme, a large place, with small hamlets lying in the
neighbourhood.
7th. Séta, a large place north of the Bat-há. Yʿawó is left on the
right.
8th. Surra, encampment without any inhabited place.
9th. Jeddáda, encampment only.
10th. Geltsa, encampment.
11th. Difdé, a village of the Sálamát and Kúka, who use the water of the
Bat-há, which here makes a bend towards the north.
12th. Ám-aláwi, a place of the Malánga, distant from the Bat-há. A short
march. The Menázel Sultán extends from Wára as far as this place.
13th. Ngaruwendi, a place of the Welád Hasén, distant from the Bat-há,
which has turned towards the south.
14th. Esheráya, a hamlet of the Fúlbe or Felláta.
15th. Tawíle, a place of the Jellába, with clay dwellings and reed huts,
distant from the Bat-há.
16th. Bírre, a place of the mʿallem Mohájar, the agíd of the Sébbadé.
Birket Fátima, the great place of the Siyáde Masmáje and residence of
their agíd, with clay and reed huts, is six hours south from here.
17th. Abú Gérra, a large place of the Welád Bú Sʿaíd.
18th. Beréga, a place of the Malánga. A good march.
19th. Mégerá, a place of the Týnjur and Jellába on the wádí Elmá, which
extends towards the north into the gizán.
20th. Dókeát, a considerable place of the nás (people of) Gírri, on a
wádí abounding with lions and rhinoceroses.
21st. Dúggulí, a place of the Ráshid Arabs, Fókara zuwáye, close to Ám-
debáng.
22nd. Ám-batéta, a place of the Missiríye Arabs in the néga, no wádí.
23rd. Támmedál Húmmelán with Missiríye Arabs.
24th. Bír Sunta, an opulent place of Bórnu tradesmen.
25th. Bíri Yóyo, a place of the Mágena Makhmúdi.
26th. Ám-Zét, a place of the Fókara of the Missiríye, with a small
zaraf.
27th. Ám-shéreríb, a place of the Térjem, near three eminences
consisting of a red-coloured rock.
28th. Ám-dekík, a place of the nás Gírri, founded by Sabún, and called
by the people Karnak Wádáy.
29th. Fírsha, a place of the nás Mánga.
30th. Káltegge, a place of the Mánga.
31st. Nimró, a Jellába place, with the great fáki Góni Merés.
32nd. Wára.
2. ROUTES IN THE INTERIOR OF WÁDÁY.
(_a._) _Fáki Íbrahím’s Route from Wára to Sheníni. South._
1st day. Abéshr, formerly a small place of the Kélingen, but, three
years ago having become the residence of Sultán Sheríf, more densely
inhabited, and containing also some clay huts. Arrive about dhohor,
having in the morning passed Tára, Menzel Sultán (where Yúsuf Kharifáyín
died, and which was formerly a large place); further on, Kay-wána, a
considerable village; then Gañánga, Nyaláng (a place of the Jellába),
Jikúb, and finally Útuló. From Abéshr to Nimró is a long march.
2nd. Kélingen Kíri, a hilly place belonging to the sultan (whose mother
is a native of it), and the residence of the kamkolák Rákeb. Dílebát has
been passed on the way.
3rd. Kínji Mínrak, a place of the Kajánga, who inhabit about forty
villages in this hilly region, on the north bank of the Betéhá. Stop
during the heat in Errin-manga in a level tract of country.
4th. Deñam, a village of the Ábú Shárib, having passed in the morning
Ám-dírdi, a place of the Kajánga, Fárrel and Gándigin situated at the
western foot of a rocky eminence. Stop during the heat at Bedíne, pass
Gúngerúm,—all places of the Kajánga,—then Kórdufál, and finally Gélebé,
the native place of my informant Fáki Íbrahím.
5th. Sheníni, a place of the Ábú Shárib Ménagón and Márarít, who are,
however, mixed with the Bíli, the Kodoyí, the Mími, the Gañánga, the
Bulála, and the Khozám Arabs. Pass in the morning Ám-búrtunú, a place of
the Dájó at the northern foot of a rocky eminence, at the western foot
of which lies a place of the Jellába, and to the east of which lies a
place of the Missiríye. Having turned west round the hill, you pass the
wádí el Hamra, a wide valley which, in its upper course near the
villages Kóriyó, Gúndur, &c., is overgrown with deléb-palms, date-palms,
and ʿardéb—here, however, producing corn. The valley towards the S.W.,
near Sunkútu Malám, joins that of the Bat-há. Further on you traverse a
“néga,” or “élan,” a plain overgrown with talha, and reach, ultimately,
Habíle, a place of the Ábú Shárib, with Mʿallem Zakharíye, where you
stop during the heat. Then you pass Áblubán, where the wádí Habíle joins
the wádí el Hamra, and reach Sheníni, having passed the deep and
expansive wádí Dirrengék, which runs towards the wádí el Hamra.
(_b._) _From Sheníni to Bórorít, by way of Ógrogó, according to the Fáki
Íbrahím._
1st day. Abkar ʿAbd el Khálik, a village of the district of Abkar,
which, besides this, comprises the following villages: Abkar Jembóng,
one of the largest villages in Wádáy, with about 600 huts, A. Mótotóng,
A. Béndaláng, A. Táwalibé, A. Ámjedáge, A. Hejéllijóng, A. Hejérbasán
(called by the Arabs “Hajar Ábú Hassan”), A. Gógnotáng, A. Dillit, A.
Jemíl e’ Síd. Having in the morning first turned west, you cross the w.
el Hamra, and pass the village of Mustakhéde, then turn N.W., and cross
the w. Wárringék, which is close on the right, and pass the village
Rógrogó; stop, during the heat, at Méri, a place of the Ogodóngde and
Gámara; having then crossed the w. Wárringék, which, between Rógrogó
towards the west, and Áblubán east, joins the w. el Hamra, you pass
Seríra, Magállemék, all on the west bank of the w. Wárringék, and,
lastly, A. Hejéllijóng, close before you reach A. ʿAbd el Khálik.
2nd. Namwúrren, a place of the Kajánga, passing in the morning Hámiyen,
the only place in Wádáy possessing warm springs of fresh water, in a
district distinguished by some small rocky hills, and close to the wádí
Wárringék. The water is so warm that you cannot put your hand into it;
but it soon cools in the air. In Hámiyen resides Fáki Jʿabúr, of the Ábú
Shárib. Passing then Sakháli, a place of the Bándalá, you halt, during
the heat, at Karángalák. In the afternoon you cross once more the w.
Wárringék, which, in its upper course, comes from N.W. from Morró, a
place of the Kajánga, from whence it proceeds to the néga Ajáje, thence
to Marfa, and thence east to Kulbú, distant three hours W.N.W. from
Hámiyen. From Karángalák you come to Kiréngel, a place of the Bándalá,
situated on the west and north side of the wádí Karéngelnák, which, by
way of Nyára, where it is joined by the w. Kórkotó, runs south towards
the wádí Wárringék. The country, “góz” (sand) and “tín” (clay),
stretches to Himéda, and thence to Namwúrren.
3rd. Jómbo Fókarán, on the w. Ngónjobók, a large wádí, where onions are
extensively grown, and which, coming from the north, joins the Betéhá,
which is not far from this place. Having in the morning passed Fáringáng
a place of the Kajánga, Kúñigi, and further on Fútela nyammúk gwána
(“pour in the butter,” butter being here very plentiful), then
Fírti,—all places of the Kajánga,—you cross the Betéhá, which supplies
the inhabitants of Fírti with water, and stop, during the heat, at
Nyemér Hejilíje, a place of the Kajánga, but under the authority of the
agíd of the Jʿaátena, N.W. of the Betéhá, which here comes from the
north. Proceeding then to Nyemér Tergeménge, still on the Betéhá, which
now is left on the east side, you reach Jombó.
4th. Ógrogó was reached by Íbrahím about káíla, he having passed Jómbo
Lársherí on the Betéhá, J. Swébe and J. Dángal, all places inhabited by
Wádáy people. From Ógrogó he intended to proceed to the Máhamíd in the
wádí ʿOrádha, for the purpose of pursuing his studies among this most
opulent Arab tribe. The Kodoyí being, however, at that time at war with
the sultan, and the road running between the Kélingen and the Kodoyí
being unsafe, he resolved to go to Bagírmi, and consequently changed his
direction west, and then N.W., towards Bórorít. He started the same day,
and slept at Kinji-Mínrak, a large village of the Kajánga, consisting of
500 huts, and the native place of Sáleh Dérret, having passed Jómbo
Sárkalé and Gúndogín, a village of the Kajánga, consisting of three
hamlets. West a little south.
5th. Óshena, a place of the Kashémeré, south of the Betéhá. Having
passed in the morning Gósmin, in a sandy tract, then Tongóng, a small
hamlet of Shékoma, the mother of Mohammed the eldest son of the sheríf,
inhabited by Kajánga, then Jerád, also a Kajánga place, on the Betéhá,
and Ofúlek, a village inhabited by Moslemín of the tribe of the Dájó, he
stayed, during the heat, at Birén, a considerable place with a mixed
population consisting of nás Koróngo, Gardáy, Kólotáng, and Júngoráng,
south of the Betéhá, and sixteen to seventeen hours south of Wára.
Passing then Birén Kénga, a place of the Wádáy, and Kashémeré on the
Betéhá, he arrived at Óshena.
6th. Ám-kharúba, a large place of the Kashémeré, formerly belonging to
Ábú Horra, the brother of the sheríf, who fell in the battle of
Tórbigen. Of all the inhabitants of Wádáy, the Kashémeré prepare their
meals in the richest and most palatable manner. Pass in the morning
Kélti, a considerable place of the Kashémeré, and the village Bútere,
both south of the Betéhá, and stay, during the heat, in Fúnduk, another
place of the Kashémeré, quite close to Ám-kharúba.
7th. Káure, a place north of the Betéhá, where you stop for the night,
on account of the good edibles, the Káure people being, next to the
Kashémeré, the most excellent cooks in Wáday, while next to them in this
respect rank the Ábú Godám and the Marfa. Crossing in the morning the
Betéhá, leaving Nyángalá, a place of the Jellába north of the Betéhá, on
your right hand, and bending a little north from west, you pass
Híjjerát, a place of the people of the shiúkh (eunuchs) of the hábbabát
(concubines of the sultan), at some distance from the Betéhá, and stay
during the heat in Hijjér, not very far from the Betéhá, formerly a
place of Fátima, the sheríf’s favourite daughter, who died at Tórbigen;
at present the village is transferred to a daughter of Shékoma. From
this place, Káure is a little south from west.
The Betéhá bends from Káure S.W. to Malám, so called on account of this
watercourse joining here the Bat-há (“the confluence”), a place
inhabited by a clan of the Táma, ten or twelve hours south a little west
from Káure.
8th. Bórorít, a large place, “Menzel Sultán,” inhabited by Kashémeré,
Wádáy, Arabs, and Welád Hushta (domestics of the former sultans),
consisting of about twenty hamlets, the largest of which is called
Bórorít Hajar. Pass in the morning several small hamlets, in one of
which you stop during the heat of the day.
(_c._) _From Wára to Dumta, the first Place in Dár Fúr, according to Háj
Sadík._ [About 10 miles per diem.]
1st day. Gáttakarák, a place of the Wádáy.
2nd. Gáttakarák, a place of the Kélingen.
3rd. Wáweledá, a place of the Wádáy.
4th. Kélmedí, a large place of the Sungóri with a considerable market-
place (“tarf e’ dár”), the last place in Wádáy. East from this place are
some rocky hills which occasionally serve as hiding-places to the Táma
highway robbers.
5th. Tumtubáya, a well in the khalla or wilderness.
6th. Asúnga, a wádí overgrown with deléb-palms, and with running water
in the rainy season. (Wádí Asúnga, according to all appearance, is
identical with W. Kíya.)
7th. Dumta, the first place in Dár-Fúr.
Dumta, according to Háj Sadík, is eight days’ journey from Kebkabíye:—
1st day. Bír Degíg, a place with a separate ertána (jargon).
2nd. Óra, }
}
3rd. Ám-dúkhen, } villages.
}
4th. Kulkuláya, }
5th. Kónge, with a great mosque.
6th. Wádí Báre, a densely inhabited valley, stretching S.S.E.
7th. Sultán ʿOmár, a large place on the Báre, at the foot of a rocky
eminence.