afterwards raised the standard of rebellion, it is said, with the hope
of obtaining possession of her. Be that as it may, the Emperor assembled
a large army, and accompanied by Yang Kuei-fei, went to meet him. On
arriving at a place called Ma-kuei in Sze-chuen, the Emperor’s troops
mutinied, declaring that Yang Kuei-fei was the cause of the rebellion,
and demanding her life, otherwise they would not fight. The Emperor,
having no alternative, was forced to comply. Some say he ordered her to
be strangled, and that this was done by the soldiers; others again, that
she strangled herself—the latter appears the correct version.
[21] For similar practices among the Romans, see Sumner, “Folkways”, page
445.
[22] See also pages 91 and 92.
[23] See Bibliography, book by Arène, for examples.
[24] See outline, page 105.
[25] About a year after the earthquake Tokio’s Imperial Theater was
reopened, and the Japanese honored Mei Lan-fang by engaging him for this
occasion.
[26] This popular figure, called also “big stomach” or “cloth sack”
Buddha, is laughing in anticipation of the happiness to come. His image
is found in practically all Buddhist temples and frequently among the
_bibelots_ collected by foreigners. In regard to the taste of collectors,
Baron de Staël-Holstein, a Russian scholar versed in Buddhist lore,
remarked to me one day, “The ugliest of all these figures is the one most
sought after by Westerners.”
[27] See page 83_ff._
[28] See Haigh, “The Tragic Drama of the Greeks”, Oxford University
Press; Murray, “Ancient Greek Literature”, Appleton, etc.—So far as I
know no scholar has suggested that the goat did the singing of the “goat
songs.”
[29] See “Sacred Books of the East”, vol. XXVIII, pp. 92-131.
[30] This has now come to an end. In October, 1924, the deposed emperor
was driven out of his palace by the “Christian” General Feng Yu-hsiang.
[31] Thorndyke, “Shakespeare’s Theater”, Macmillan Company, page 139.
[32] _Ib._, page 87.
[33] Page 76.
[34] _Op. cit._, page 394.
[35] See Taine’s description, Book II, chapter II, in his “History of
English Literature.”
[36] Page 261.—According to my friend Ferdinand Lessing, a German
sinologist, Giles has here made a mistake. In Lessing’s words, Chinese
plays contain “_faustdicke Zoten_.”
[37] “Shakespeare’s England,” II, 308_ff._
[38] Quoted from “Shakespeare’s England”, II, 246. See also Thorndyke’s
“Shakespeare’s Theater”, page 372.
[39] Goethe, “Frauenrollen auf dem römischen Theater von Männern
gespielt.”
[40] “Shakespeare’s England”, page 252_ff._
[41] “Shakespeare’s England”, II, 241.
[42] Thorndyke, page 138, refers to this article, but takes no stock in
Mr. Corbin’s arguments. He says that darkness was symbolized by lighted
candles, etc., which is precisely the thing done on the Chinese stage.
[43] “Shakespeare’s England”, II, 301.
[Illustration]
INDEX
[The names of Chinese dramas are printed in italics]
Albright, Victor, 201, 216, 217, 218
Amateurs, 109
Archer, William, 217, 219
_Autumn in the House of Han._ _See_ SORROWS OF HAN
Bakst, Leon, 214
Bazin, A. P. L., 4
_Beating the Heartless Husband_, 90
_Beating the Nephew and Worshiping at the Grave_, 87
_Blood-Stained Fan, The_, 70
Brodmeier, Professor, 217
_Burying the Flowers_, 80, 179
_Butchering the Pig_, 168
_Chalk Circle, The_, 32
Ch’ang An, 3, 15, 48, 50, 74
Chang Chien, Mr., 113
_Ch’ang-O’s Flight to the Moon_, 104 _ff._, 159
_Ch’ang-O Pin Yüeh._ _See_ CH’ANG-O’S FLIGHT TO THE MOON
Ch’ang Shan Tien. _See_ PALACE OF ETERNAL LIFE
Chang Yao-shang, actor, 15
Chang Ziang-ling, 142
_Chao Chia Ku-er._ _See_ ORPHAN OF THE CHAO FAMILY
_Chao Mei Hsiang._ _See_ INTRIGUES OF A LADY’S MAID
Chao Tsung, Emperor, 15
Character Types, 25, 112, 149, 151, 152, 153, 175
Chen Kwang Theater, 181
_Ch’i San Hui._ _See_ THREE STRANGE MEETINGS
Ch’ien Lung, Emperor, 69
_Ch’ing Shang Lao Shüeh._ _See_ SLAVE GIRL PLAYS TRICKS ON THE OLD
SCHOOLMASTER
Ch’ing Shih Shan, 194
_Chu Fang Tsao._ _See_ BUTCHERING THE PIG
_Chu Sha Chü._ _See_ CINNABAR SPOT, A
Chu Su-yün, actor, 83, 86
_Chü T’eng Kuan Hua._ _See_ TRIAL OF STRENGTH AND VIEWING THE
ANCESTRAL PORTRAITS
Chu Yuan-chang. _See_ HUNG WU
_Ch’un Yin Hui._ _See_ MEETING OF MANY HEROES
_Cinnabar Spot, A_, 88
Civil Plays, 10, 146
Classical Language. _See_ WEN LI
Clowns, 23, 25, 153, 207. _Cf._ COURT FOOLS
Commedia dell’ Arte, 16
Confucius, 10, 17, 25, 28, 49
Corbin, John, 215
Coryat, Thomas, 208
Court Fool, Yu Meng, 12
Yu Sze, 12
Court Fools, 11, 12, 15, 16. _Cf._ CLOWNS
Craig, Gordon, 214
_Crossing the Milky Way_, 159, 194
Dances, Dramatic, 6
Dottore. _See_ COMMEDIA DELL’ ARTE
Dream of the Red Chamber, The, 80, 93, 188
_Drunkard_, 13
Duke Lan Lu, 13
Dwarfs, 11, 13. _Cf._ COURT FOOLS
Elizabethan Theater, 25, 133, 194 _ff._
Empress Dowager, 188
Fan Kuai, 15
Feng Yu-hsiang, General, 195
Fools, Court. _See_ COURT FOOLS
Gamble, Sidney, 133, 144
Giles, Herbert, 18, 59, 80, 180, 207
Goodrich, Mrs., 104
_Greatest Event in Life, The_, 119 _ff._
Greek Theater, 10, 192 _ff._
Grube, Wilhelm, 80
Han Hsi-ch’ang, actor, 140
_Han Kung Tsu._ _See_ SORROWS OF HAN
Han Lin Academy, 4, 43
Harlequin. _See_ COMMEDIA DELL’ ARTE
_Ho Lan-chi._ _See_ CHALK CIRCLE, THE
_Ho Lang Tan._ _See_ SINGING GIRL, THE
Ho Yi, Emperor, 105
_Hsi Hsiang Chi._ _See_ WESTERN CHAMBER, THE
Hsien, 7, 11
_Hsü Mu Ma Tsao._ _See_ HSÜ’S MOTHER CURSES TSAO TSAO
_Hsü’s Mother Curses Tsao Tsao_, 81
Hu Shih, 11, 21, 22, 74, 78, 117, 198
Hung Lou Meng. _See_ DREAM OF THE RED CHAMBER, THE
Hung Sen, author, 70
Hung Wu, Emperor, 43
Intrigue of a Lady’s Maid, 26
I-Yin, 7
Jade Palace, 3
Jen Tsung, Emperor, 43
Jesters. _See_ COURT FOOLS
Jung Tu-shan, 113, 115
_K’an Tsien Wu._ _See_ MISER, THE
K’ang Hsi, Emperor, 69, 182
Kuan Han-ching, dramatist, 23
Kuan Yin, 99
Kublai Khan, 19
_Kung Chuan Chi._ _See_ RUSE OF THE EMPTY CITY
Kung Shang-jen, author, 70
Lao Tze, 28
Laufer, Berthold, 10, 11, 99
Lessing, Ferdinand, 207
Li Fang-yün, 137
Li Shou-shan, actor, 83
Li Yuan Tzu-ti, 3
Liao Chai. _See_ STRANGE STORIES FROM A CHINESE STUDIO
Literary Language. _See_ WEN LI
Liu Ming-ju, 135
Liu Yen Ming, 96
Marco Polo, 23, 41
_Mask, The_, 13, 14
_Meeting of Many Heroes, The_, 82
Mei Lan-fang, Chapter VIII; 80, 83, 84, 86, 98, 104, 105, 110, 118,
138, 142, 143, 145, 150, 151, 152, 155, 157, 159, 206, 211
Mencius, 17, 28
Military Plays, 10, 13, 77, 79, 146
Ming Huang (Yuen Tsung), Emperor, 3, 70, 135, 181
_Miser, The_, 35 _ff._
_Mu Lan_, 185, 201, 212
Music, Types of, 142, 147, 191 _ff._
Musical Instruments, 148 _ff._, 192
_New Mayor, The_, 115
New World, 132, 143
_Ngoh Chia Chuan._ _See_ NGOH FAMILY VILLAGE
_Ngoh Family Village_, 87
Orphan of the Chao Family, The, 37, 94
_Pai Hua_, 21, 22
Palace of Eternal Life, 4, 70
_Pang Ta Poo Ching Lang._ _See_ BEATING THE HEARTLESS HUSBAND
Pantalone. _See_ COMMEDIA DELL’ ARTE
Pantomimes, 6
_Pavilion of the Royal Monument_, 184
Pear Garden, 3, 18, 135
_Pi Pa Chi._ _See_ STORY OF A LUTE
P’iao Yu. _See_ AMATEURS
Plays, Types of, 146 _ff._, 197
_Po She Chuan._ _See_ WHITE AND BLACK SNAKES, THE
Porter, Lucius, 11, 14
Precious Hairpin, The, 93
Reinhardt, Max, 214
Ridgeway, Professor William, 9, 10
_Ruse of the Empty City, The_, 80
_Ruse of the Nail, The_, 157
San Kuo Chi. _See_ THREE KINGDOMS, THE
_San Yao Hui._ _See_ SHAKING DICE
Scapino. _See_ COMMEDIA DELL’ ARTE
Seasonal Plays, 104 _ff._, 159, 194
_Seeing the Ancestral Portraits._ _See_ TRIAL OF STRENGTH
_Shaking Dice_, 98
_Sha Tze Pao._ _See_ SLAYING THE SON
_Shang Ting Chi._ _See_ RUSE OF THE NAIL
Shih Hu. _See_ HU SHIH
Shih Wang-ti, Emperor, 12
Shui Hu Chuan. _See_ STORY OF A RIVER BANK
_Singing Girl, The_, 29
_Slave Girl Plays Tricks on the Old Schoolmaster, The_, 183
_Slaying of the Son_, 158
Smith, Doctor Arthur H., 66, 68
_Snow in June._ _See_ SUFFERINGS OF TOU-E
Soong Tsung-faung, author, 12, 117, 118
Sophists. _See_ COURT FOOLS
_Sorrowful Korean, The_, 114
_Sorrows of Han_, 37
Spring Willow Dramatic Society, 112
_Ssu Pao-pi._ _See_ DRUNKARD, THE
Stäel Holstein, Baron de, 179
Stanton, William, 4, 159
Stent, George Carter, 71
Stephenson, Professor H. T., 214, 215
_Story of a Lute._ _See_ CHAPTER III
Story of the River Bank, 79
Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, 80
Suen Lo Ngao, 12
_Sufferings of Tou-E_, 23, 39, 142
_Ta Chih Shang Wen._ _See_ BEATING THE NEPHEW
_Ta Yin Ho._ _See_ CROSSING THE MILKY WAY
_Tai Yü Chuan Hua._ _See_ BURYING THE FLOWERS
Taine, H., 205
T’an Shen-pei, actor, 149, 188
T’an Shoo-shan, actor, 150
_T’ao Hua Shan._ _See_ BLOOD-STAINED FAN, THE
Taoism, 34
Teh Hing, actor, 152
Theater. _See_ ELIZABETHAN THEATER; GREEK THEATER
Thorndyke, Professor A. H., 198, 203, 208
Three Kingdoms, The, 78, 79, 80
_Three Pulls._ _See_ THREE STRANGE MEETINGS
_Three Strange Meetings_, 83, 180
_Tiger, The_, 14
T’ing Hua, critic, 154
_Tou-E._ _See_ SUFFERINGS OF TOU-E
_Transmigration of You Hsin_, 33
_Trial of Strength and Viewing the Ancestral Portraits_, 94, 183
Tsai Yuan-pei, 58
Tung Lo Yuan, 140
Types of Character. _See_ CHARACTER TYPES
Types of Music. _See_ MUSIC, TYPES OF
Types of Plays. _See_ PLAYS, TYPES OF
Vernacular. _See_ PAI HUA
Wang Kuo-wei, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 23
Wen Li, 20, 21
_Western Chamber, The_, 24
_White and Black Snakes, The_, 100
Wu, 7, 11
Wu Lien-teh, Mrs., 71
Wu Wang, Empress, 7
Yang Kuei-fei, 4, 70, 71, 72 _ff._, 159, 181 _ff._
_Yang Kuei-fei on a Spree_, 157, 181
_Yang Kuei-fei Tsui Chou._ _See_ YANG KUEI-FEI ON A SPREE
Yang Shiao-lo, actor, 138, 151, 155
_Yellow Jacket, The_, 170, 200, 216
_Yi Tsai Hua_, 111
Yo Fei, 91, 92, 134
_Young Nun Seeks Love, A_, 178
_Yü Chan Chih._ _See_ PRECIOUS HAIRPIN, A
Yu Meng, Court Fool, 12
_Yü Pei T’ing._ _See_ PAVILION OF THE ROYAL MONUMENT
Yü San-yen, actor, 150
Yü Sze, Court Fool, 12
Yuen Tsung. _See_ MING HUANG
Yung Lo, Emperor, 47