PAGE.
Preface 3
List of Illustrations 8
MOUNTAINS.
The Andes 9
Chimborazo 12
Cotopaxi 13
Pichincha 14
Mount Etna 15
Mount Vesuvius 21
Mount Hecla 28
The Geysers 32
The Sulphur Mountain (Iceland) 36
Mont Blanc 37
The Glaciers, or Ice Masses 51
The =Mer de Glace= 51
View from the Buet 55
Montserrat 57
The Peak of Teneriffe 59
The Souffriere Mountain, (St. Vincent, W. I.) 69
Peter Botte’s Mountain, (Mauritius) 73
Kilauea, (Sandwich Islands) 74
The Peak of Derbyshire 82
Mountains of Great Britain 97
Stromboli 101
Lipari 103
Vulcano 104
The Himalaya Mountains 105
Asiatic Volcanoes 115
Islands which have risen from the Sea 119
SUBTERRANEAN WONDERS.
The Grotta del Cane 131
The Grotto of Antiparos 136
Caverns in Hungary and Germany, containing Fossil Bones 139
The Mammoth Cave 141
The Great Cavern of Guacharo 157
Fingal’s Cave, or Grand Staffa Cavern 161
Other Grottos and Caverns 164
MINES, METALS, GEMS, &C.
Introductory 168
Diamond Mines 169
Gold and Silver Mines 178
Quicksilver Mines 193
Iron Mines 195
Copper Mines 204
Tin Mines 209
Lead Mines 211
Coal Mines 212
Salt Mines 223
PHENOMENA OF THE OCEAN.
Introductory 230
Saltness of the Sea 231
Congelation of Sea-Water 234
Ice-Islands 235
Icebergs 244
Luminous Points in the Sea 245
Tides and Currents 246
CATARACTS AND CASCADES.
Introductory 252
Falls of Niagara 253
Falls of the Montmorenci 270
The Tuccoa Fall 272
Falls of the Missouri 272
Catskill Falls 274
Trenton Falls 275
Waterfall of South Africa 275
Cataracts of the Nile 276
Cataract of the Mender 276
Other Cataracts 277
SPRINGS AND WELLS.
St. Winifred’s Well 280
Wigan Well 282
Dropping Well at Knaresborough 283
Broseley Spring 284
Hot Springs of St. Michael 284
Hot Springs of the Troad 285
Other Springs 286
BITUMINOUS AND OTHER LAKES.
Pitch Lake of Trinidad 290
Mud Lake of Java 291
Salt Lake of Utah 292
ATMOSPHERICAL PHENOMENA.
Meteors 294
Aerolites 307
Aurora Borealis and Aurora Australis 312
Lumen Boreale, or Streaming Lights 314
Luminous Arches 316
Ignes Fatui, or Mock Fires 317
Specter of the Brocken 319
The Mirage 322
Fata Morgana 323
Atmospherical Refraction 324
Parhelia, or Mock Suns 328
Lunar Rainbow 330
Concentric Rainbows 330
Thunder and Lightning 331
Remarkable Thunder-Storms 334
Hail-Storms 338
Hurricanes 339
The Monsoons 341
Whirlwinds and Waterspouts 342
Sounds and Echoes 348
BURIED CITIES.
The Yanar, or Perpetual Fire 350
Pompeii 351
The Museum at Naples 360
Herculaneum 362
Pompeii 365
The Museum 375
Herculaneum 379
EARTHQUAKES.
Introductory 384
Earthquakes of Ancient Times 389
Earthquake in Calabria 389
The Great Earthquake of 1755 391
Earthquake in Sicily and in the Two Calabrias 401
Earthquakes in Peru 409
Earthquake in Jamaica, 1692 411
Earthquake in Venezuela, 1812 412
CONNECTION OF EARTHQUAKES WITH VOLCANOES.
Island of Java 413
BASALTIC AND ROCKY WONDERS.
The Giant’s Causeway 417
Basaltic Columns 422
NATURAL BRIDGES.
Natural Bridges of Icononzo 424
Natural Bridge in Virginia 427
PRECIPICES AND PROMONTORIES.
Besseley Ghaut 432
The Cape of the Winds 433
The North Cape 435
Precipices of San Antonia 436
GEOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE EARTH.
Introductory 438
Extraneous Fossils 446
Fossil Crocodiles 448
Large Fossil Animal of Maestricht 449
Fossil Remains of Ruminantia 450
Fossil Remains of Elephants 451
Fossil Remains of the Mastodon 453
Fossil Remains of the Rhinoceros 454
Fossil Remains of the Siberian Mammoth 455
Fossil Shells 457
Subterranean Forests 458
Moors, Mosses and Bogs 460
Coral Reefs and Islands 465
WIDE AND INHOSPITABLE DESERTS.
Asiatic Deserts 469
Arabian Deserts 470
African Deserts 470
Pilgrimage across the Deserts 474
Sands of the Desert 486
WONDERS OF ART.
The Pyramids of Egypt 491
The Tombs at Sakkara 506
The Sphinx 509
Ruins and Pyramids of Meroë 511
Pyramids and Ruins of Merawe 516
Egyptian Temples and Monuments 520
Bathing in the East 526
Egyptian Temples, Monuments, &c. 527
Other Ruins in Egypt, &c. 554
The River Nile 562
The African Birds-nest 568
Ruins of Palmyra 569
Ruins of Balbec 570
Ruins of Babylon 572
Babylonian Bricks 579
Later Discoveries at Babylon 580
Ruins of Nineveh 582
The Ruins of Persepolis 587
Royal Palace of Ispahan 589
The Temple of Mecca 589
THE HOLY LAND.
Jacob’s Well 591
Bethlehem 592
Nazareth 594
The Holy Sepulcher at Jerusalem 594
Mount Tabor 596
The Mount of Olives 598
Other Revered Sites 599
Mount Carmel 599
Mount Ararat 600
WONDERS OF ART RESUMED.
The Mosque of Omar 601
Mosque of St. Sophia at Constantinople 602
Ruins of Carthage 603
The Plain of Troy 604
Athens 607
Temples of Elephants 610
Temples of Salsette 612
Mausoleum of Hyder Ali 614
The Taje Mahal 614
Great Wall of China 616
Porcelain Tower at Nankin 618
The Shoemadoo at Pegu 618
Colossal Figure of Jupiter Pluvius, or the Apennine Jupiter 621
The Leaning, or Hanging Tower of Pisa, in Tuscany 624
The Coliseum at Rome 627
The Pantheon 630
Roman Amphitheater at Nismes 632
Trajan’s Pillar 634
Column of Antonine 635
Naison Carré, at Nismes 635
The Pont du Gard 636
Ancient Aqueduct near Rome 637
The Roman Forum 638
St. Peter’s of Rome 642
The Soil of Rome 646
Eddystone Light-house 647
Bell Rock Light-house 649
Stonehenge 652
Rocking Stones 654
The Round Towers of Ireland 656
St. Paul’s Cathedral 657
First Church in England 661
Westminster Abbey 662
Cathedral of Notre Dame 665
Strasburg Cathedral 665
Cathedral of Cologne 669
Church of St. Mark, at Venice 669
The Cathedral of Milan 670
The Tower of London 671
The Bank of England 674
Monument of the Great Fire of 1666 in London 675
The Louvre 676
The British Museum 679
Madame Tusseau’s Museum 686
The Palace of Blenheim 689
The Palace of Versailles 691
The Palace of St. Cloud 693
The Crystal Palace in New York 697
The Crystal Palace in London 702
The Capitol at Washington 712
The Smithsonian Institute 714
The Washington Monument 715
The Column of Vendome, Paris 718
The Bunker Hill Monument 719
The Arc de Triomphe (Paris) 721
The Cooper Institute (New York) 723
Vergnais’s Improved Bridge over the Seine at Paris 725
Railroad Bridge at Portage, New York 726
The Britannia Tubular Bridge, over Menai Strait 728
The Suspension Bridge over the Menai Strait 730
Great Railway Suspension Bridge at Niagara Falls 731
Other Immense Bridges 732
The High Bridge at Harlem 733
The Boston Reservoir 734
Aqueduct at the Peat Forest Canal (England) 735
The Thames Tunnel 737
Railroad Tunnels 739
The Colossus at Rhodes 741
MISCELLANEOUS WONDERS.
Youle’s Shot-Tower 744
The Emperor Fountain 746
The United States Mint in Philadelphia 747
The Air Balloon 749
The Progress of Navigation 755
Steam Navigation 758
Chinese Junks 766
The Artesian Well of Grenelle 767
The Banyan-Tree 768
The Wedded Banyan-Tree 771
The Cocoa-Tree 771
The Reindeer Sledge 772
The Upas or Poison-Tree 773
The Prairie on Fire 775
The Mammoth Tree of California 776
Other Mammoth Trees in California 778
The Palm-Tree 778
The Bamboo-Tree 781
The Manna-Tree 783
Continental Money 783
The Milk-Tree 784
The Signal Telegraph 786
The Electro-Magnetic Telegraph 787
The Art of Printing 788
The India-Rubber Tree 793
The Round Tower at Newport 795
Diving Armor 796
Tree House in Caffraria 799
The Raining-Tree 800
The Traveler’s Friend 800
The Camphor-Tree 801
The Cinnamon Plant 802
The Tree Temple at Matibo in Piedmont 803
The Termites, or White Ants 804
Huts in Kamtschatka 806
The Whale 807
Landing of the Pilgrims 808
Plymouth Rock 809
A Wonder of Art 811
The Whale Killer 812
A Pile of Serpents 813
American Ruins 814
Insect Slavery 815
List of Illustrations.