Brazil

Brazilian Democratic Movement Party or PMDB [Federal Deputy

Michel TEMER]; Brazilian Labor Party or PTB [Federal Deputy Roberto

JEFFERSON]; Brazilian Social Democracy Party or PSDB [Senator

Eduardo AZAREDO]; Brazilian Socialist Party or PSB [Federal Deputy

Miguel ARRAES]; Communist Party of Brazil or PCdoB [Renato RABELO];

Democratic Labor Party or PDT [Carlos LUPI]; Green Party or PV [Jose

Luiz de Franca PENNA]; Liberal Front Party or PFL [Senator Jorge

BORNHAUSEN]; Liberal Party or PL [Federal Deputy Valdemar COSTA

Neto]; National Order Reconstruction Party or PRONA [Federal Deputy

Dr. Eneas CARNEIRO]; Popular Socialist Party or PPS [Federal Deputy

Roberto FREIRE]; Progressive Party or PP [Federal Deputy Pedro

CORREA]; Worker's Party or PT [Jose GENOINO]; Social Christian Party

or PSC [Vitor Jorge ABDALA NOSSEIS]

British Virgin Islands

Concerned Citizens Movement or CCM [Ethlyn

SMITH]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Orlando SMITH]; United

Party or UP [Gregory MADURO]; Virgin Islands Party or VIP [Ralph T.

O'NEAL]

Brunei

other parties include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in

1962) and Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965,

deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988)

Bulgaria

Bulgarian Agrarian National Union-People's Union or BANU

[Anastasia MOZER]; Bulgarian Socialist Party or BSP [Sergei

STANISHEV]; Coalition for Bulgaria or CfB (coalition of parties

dominated by BSP) [Sergei STANISHEV]; Democrats for a Strong

Bulgaria or DSB [Ivan KOSTOV]; Movement for Rights and Freedoms or

MRF [Ahmed DOGAN]; National Movement for Simeon II or NMS2 [Simeon

SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA]; New Time [Emil KOSHLUKOV]; Union of Democratic

Forces or UDF [Nadezhda MIKHAYLOVA]; Union of Free Democrats or UFD

[Stefan SOFIYANSKI]; United Democratic Forces or UtDF (a coalition

of center-right parties dominated by DSB)

Burkina Faso

African Democratic Rally-Alliance for Democracy and

Federation or RDA-ADF [Herman YAMEOGO]; Confederation for Federation

and Democracy or CFD [Amadou Diemdioda DICKO]; Congress for

Democracy and Progress or CDP [Roch Marc-Christian KABORE]; Movement

for Tolerance and Progress or MTP [Nayabtigungou Congo KABORE];

Party for African Independence or PAI [Philippe OUEDRAOGO]; Party

for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Joseph KI-ZERBO]; Union of Greens

for the Development of Burkina Faso or UVDB [Ram OVEDRAGO]

Burma

National League for Democracy or NLD [AUNG SHWE, chairman,

AUNG SAN SUU KYI, general secretary]; National Unity Party or NUP

(progovernment) [THA KYAW]; Shan Nationalities League for Democracy

or SNLD [KHUN HTUN OO]; and other smaller parties

Burundi

the two national, mainstream, governing parties are: Unity

for National Progress or UPRONA [Alphonse KADEGE, president];

Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Jean MINANI, president]

note: a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are:

Burundi African Alliance for the Salvation or ABASA [Terrence

NSANZE]; Rally for Democracy and Economic and Social Development or

RADDES [Joseph NZEYIMANA]; Party for National Redress or PARENA

[Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]; People's Reconciliation Party or PRP

[Mathias HITIMANA]

Cambodia

Cambodian Pracheachon Party (Cambodian People's Party) or

CPP [CHEA SIM]; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral,

Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [Prince NORODOM

Ranariddh]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP [SAM RANGSI]

Cameroon

Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou NDAM NJOYA];

Democratic Rally of the Cameroon People or RDCP [Paul BIYA];

Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA];

Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC

[leader Marcel YONDO]; Movement for the Youth of Cameroon or MYC

[Dieudonne TINA]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP

[Maigari BELLO BOUBA]; Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU

NDI]; Union of Cameroonian Populations or UPC [Augustin Frederic

KODOCK]

Canada

Bloc Quebecois [Gilles DUCEPPE]; Conservative Party of Canada

(a merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative

Party) [Stephen HARPER]; Liberal Party [Paul MARTIN]; New Democratic

Party [Jack LAYTON]

Cape Verde

African Party for Independence of Cape Verde or PAICV

[Jose Maria Pereira NEVES, chairman]; Democratic Alliance for Change

or ADM [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO] (a coalition of PCD, PTS, and UCID);

Democratic Christian Party or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES, chairman];

Democratic Renovation Party or PRD [Jacinto SANTOS, president];

Movement for Democracy or MPD [Agostinho LOPES, president]; Party

for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO, president];

Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Isaias RODRIGUES, president];

Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM, president]

Cayman Islands

no national teams (loose groupings of political

organizations) were formed for the 2000 elections; United Democratic

Party or UDP [leader McKeeva BUSH]; People's Progressive Movement or

PPM [leader Kurt TIBBETTS]

Central African Republic

Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP

[Jacques MBOLIEDAS]; Central African Democratic Assembly or RDC

[Andre KOLINGBA]; Civic Forum or FC [Gen. Timothee MALENDOMA];

Democratic Forum for Modernity or FODEM [Charles MASSI]; Liberal

Democratic Party or PLD [Nestor KOMBO-NAGUEMON]; Movement for

Democracy and Development or MDD [David DACKO]; Movement for the

Liberation of the Central African People or MLPC [the party of

deposed president, Ange-Felix PATASSE]; Patriotic Front for Progress

or FPP [Abel GOUMBA]; People's Union for the Republic or UPR [Pierre

Sammy MAKFOY]; National Unity Party or PUN [Jean-Paul NGOUPANDE];

Social Democratic Party or PSD [Enoch LAKOUE]

Chad

Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarlejy YORONGAR];

National Rally for Development and Progress or RNDP [Mamadou BISSO];

National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO];

Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat Saleh AHMAT, chairman]

(originally in opposition but now the party in power and the party

of the president); Rally for Democracy and Progress or RPD [leader

NA]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. Wadal Abdelkader

KAMOUGUE]; Viva Rally for Development and Progress or Viva RNDP

[Delwa Kassire COUMAKOYE]

Chile

Alliance for Chile ("Alianza") or APC - including RN and UDI;

Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Adolfo ZALDIVAR]; Coalition of

Parties for Democracy ("Concertacion") or CPD - including PDC, PS,

PPD, PRSD; Communist Party or PC [Gladys MARIN]; Independent

Democratic Union or UDI [Pablo LONGUEIRA]; National Renewal or RN

[Sebastian PINERA]; Party for Democracy or PPD [Victor BARRUETO];

Radical Social Democratic Party or PRSD [Orlando CANTUARIAS];

Socialist Party or PS [Gonzalo MARTNER]

China

Chinese Communist Party or CCP [HU Jintao, General Secretary

of the Central Committee]; eight registered small parties controlled

by CCP

Christmas Island

none

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

none

Colombia

Conservative Party or PSC [Carlos HOLGUIN Sardi]; Liberal

Party or PL [Camilo SANCHEZ]; Colombian Communist Party or PCC

[Jaime CAICEDO]; Democratic Pole or PDI [Antonio NAVARRO Wolff]

note: Colombia has about 60 formally recognized political parties,

most of which do not have a presence in either house of Congress

Comoros

Forces pour l'Action Republicaine or FAR [Col. Abdourazak

ABDULHAMID]; Forum pour la Redressement National or FRN (alliance of

12 parties); Front Democratique or FD [Moustoifa Said CHEIKH]; Front

National pour la Justice or FNJ (Islamic party in opposition) [Ahmed

RACHID]; Movement des Citoyens pour la Republique or MCR [Mahamoud

MRADABI]; Mouvement Populaire Anjouanais or MPA (Anjouan separatist

movement) [leader NA]; Mouvement pour la Democratie et le Progress

or MDP-NGDC [Abbas DJOUSSOUF]; Movement pour le Socialisme et la

Democratie or MSD (splinter group of FD) [Abdou SOEFOU]; Parti

Comorien pour la Democratie et le Progress or PCDP [Ali MROUDJAE];

Rassemblement National pour le Development or RND (party of the

government) [Omar TAMOU, Abdoulhamid AFFRAITANE]

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

Democratic Social Christian Party

or PDSC [Andre BO-BOLIKO]; Forces for Renovation for Union and

Solidarity or FONUS [Joseph OLENGHANKOY]; National Congolese

Lumumbist Movement or MNC [Francois LUMUMBA]; Popular Movement of

the Revolution or MPR (three factions: MPR-Fait Prive [Catherine

NZUZI wa Mbombo]; MPR/Vunduawe [Felix VUNDUAWE]; MPR/Mananga

[MANANGA Dintoka Mpholo]); Unified Lumumbast Party or PALU [Antoine

GIZENGA]; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Etienne

TSHISEKEDI wa Mulumba]; Union of Federalists and Independent

Republicans or UFERI (two factions: UFERI [Lokambo OMOKOKO];

UFERI/OR [Adolph Kishwe MAYA])

Congo, Republic of the

the most important of the many parties are

the Democratic and Patriotic Forces or FDP (an alliance of

Convention for Alternative Democracy, Congolese Labor Party or PCT,

Liberal Republican Party, National Union for Democracy and Progress,

Patriotic Union for the National Reconstruction, and Union for the

National Renewal) [Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO, president]; Congolese

Movement for Democracy and Integral Development or MCDDI [Michel

MAMPOUYA]; Pan-African Union for Social Development or UPADS [Martin

MBERI]; Rally for Democracy and Social Progress or RDPS [Jean-Pierre

Thystere TCHICAYA, president]; Rally for Democracy and the Republic

or RDR [Raymond Damasge NGOLLO]; Union for Democracy and Republic or

UDR [leader NA]; Union of Democratic Forces or UFD [Sebastian EBAO]

Cook Islands

Cook Islands People's Party or CIP [Geoffrey HENRY];

Democratic Alliance Party or DAP [Terepai MAOATE]; New Alliance

Party or NAP [Norman GEORGE]; Cook Islands National Party or CIN

[Teariki HEATHER]; Demo Party Tumu [Robert WOONTON]

Costa Rica

Authentic Member from Heredia [Jose SALAS]; Citizen

Action Party or PAC [Otton SOLIS]; Costa Rican Renovation Party or

PRC [Justo OROZCO]; Democratic Force Party or PFD [Juan Carlos

CHAVES Mora]; Democratic National Alliance [Emilia RODRIGUEZ];

General Union Party or PUGEN [Carlos Alberto FERNANDEZ Vega];

Homeland First [Juan Jose VARGAS]; Independent Worker Party or PIO

[Jose Alberto CUBERO Carmona]; Libertarian Movement Party or PML

[Otto GUEVARA Guth]; National Christian Alliance Party or ANC

[Victor GONZALEZ]; National Integration Party or PIN [Walter MUNOZ

Cespedes]; National Liberation Party or PLN [Francisco Antonio

PACHECO]; National Patriotic Party or PPN [Daniel Enrique REYNOLDS

Vargas]; National Rescue Party or PRN [Carlos VARGAS Solano];

Patriotic Union [Humberto ARCE]; Popular Vanguard [Trino BARRANTES

Araya]; Social Christian Unity Party or PUSC [Lorena VASQUEZ Badilla]

Cote d'Ivoire

Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire-African Democratic

Rally or PDCI-RDA [Aime Henri Konan BEDIE]; Ivorian Popular Front or

FPI [Laurent GBAGBO]; Ivorian Worker's Party or PIT [Francis WODIE];

Rally of the Republicans or RDR [Alassane OUATTARA]; Union for

Democracy and Peace or UDPCI [leader NA]; over 20 smaller parties

Croatia

Croatian Bloc or HB [Ivic PASALIC]; Croatian Christian

Democratic Union or HKDU [Anto KOVACEVIC]; Croatian Democratic Union

or HDZ [Ivo SANADER]; Croatian Party of Rights or HSP [Anto DJAPIC];

Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Zlatko TOMCIC]; Croatian Pensioner

Party or HSU [Vladimir JORDAN]; Croatian People's Party or HNS

[Vesna PUSIC]; Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Ivan CEHOK];

Croatian True Revival Party or HIP [Miroslav TUDJMAN]; Democratic

Centre or DC [Vesna SKARE-OZBOLT]; Independent Democratic Serb Party

or SDSS [Vojislav STRANIMIROVIC]; Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS

[Ivan JAKOVCIC]; Liberal Party or LS [Zlatko BENASIC]; Party of

Liberal Democrats or Libra [Jozo RADOS]; Social Democratic Party of

Croatia or SDP [Ivica RACAN]

Cuba

only party - Cuban Communist Party or PCC [Fidel CASTRO Ruz,

first secretary]

Cyprus

Republic of Cyprus: Democratic Party or DIKO [Tassos

PAPADOPOULOS]; Democratic Rally or DISY [Nikos ANASTASIADHIS];

Fighting Democratic Movement or ADIK [Dinos MIKHAILIDIS]; Green

Party of Cyprus [George PERDIKIS]; New Horizons [Nikolaus KOUTSOU];

Restorative Party of the Working People or AKEL (Communist Party)

[Dimitrios CHRISTOFIAS]; Social Democrats Movement or KISOS

(formerly United Democratic Union of Cyprus or EDEK) [Yiannakis

OMIROU]; United Democrats Movement or EDE [George VASSILIOU]; north

Cyprus: Democratic Party or DP [Serder DENKTASH]; National Birth

Party or UDP [Enver EMIN]; National Unity Party or UBP [Dervis

EROGLU]; Our Party or BP [Okyay SADIKOGLU]; Patriotic Unity Movement

or YBH [Alpay DURDURAN]; Peace and Democratic Movement [Mustafa

AKINCI]; Republican Turkish Party or CTP [Mehmet ALI TALAT]

Czech Republic

Christian and Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's

Party or KDU-CSL [Miroslav KALOUSEK, chairman]; Civic Democratic

Alliance or ODA [Jirina NOVAKOVA, chairman]; Civic Democratic Party

or ODS [Mirek TOPOLANEK, chairman]; Communist Party of Bohemia and

Moravia or KSCM [Miroslav GREBENICEK, chairman]; Communist Party of

Czechoslovakia or KSC [Miroslav STEPAN, chairman]; Czech National

Social Party of CSNS [Jaroslav ROVNY, chairman]; Czech Social

Democratic Party or CSSD [Stanislav GROSS, acting chairman];

European Democrats [Jan KASL]; Freedom Union-Democratic Union or

US-DEU [Pavel NEMEC, chairman]; Green Party; Open Democracy

Denmark

Center Democratic Party [Mimi JAKOBSEN]; Christian Democrats

(was Christian People's Party) [Marianne KARLSMOSE]; Conservative

Party (sometimes known as Conservative People's Party) [Bendt

BENDTSEN]; Danish People's Party [Pia KJAERSGAARD]; Liberal Party

[Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN]; Social Democratic Party [Mogens LYKKETOFT];

Social Liberal Party (sometimes called the Radical Left) [Marianne

JELVED, leader; Soren BALD, chairman]; Socialist People's Party

[Holger K. NIELSEN]; Red-Green Unity List (bloc includes Left

Socialist Party, Communist Party of Denmark, Socialist Workers'

Party) [collective leadership]

Djibouti

Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh];

Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; Djibouti

Development Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]; Front pour la

Restauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD];

People's Progress Assembly or RPP (governing party) [Ismail Omar

GUELLEH]; Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Moumin Bahdon

FARAH]; Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD [Ahmed Dini AHMED];

Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ [leader NA]

Dominica

Dominica Freedom Party or DFP [Charles SAVARIN]; Dominica

Labor Party or DLP [Roosevelt SKERRIT]; United Workers Party or UWP

[Edison JAMES]

Dominican Republic

Dominican Liberation Party or PLD [Leonel

FERNANDEZ Reyna]; Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [Vicente

Sanchez BARET]; Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC [Enrique

ATUN]

East Timor

Associacao Social-Democrata Timorense or ASDT [Francisco

Xavier do AMARAL]; Christian Democratic Party of Timor or PDC

[Antonio XIMENES]; Christian Democratic Union of Timor or UDC

[Vicente da Silva GUTERRES]; Democratic Party or PD [Fernando de

ARAUJO]; Liberal Party or PL [leader NA]; Maubere Democratic Party

or PDM [leader NA]; People's Party of Timor or PPT [Jacob XAVIER];

Revolutionary Front of Independent East Timor or FRETILIN [Lu OLO];

Social Democrat Party of East Timor or PSD [Mario CARRASCALAO];

Socialist Party of Timor or PST [leader Avelino COELHO]; Sons of the

Mountain Warriors (also known as Association of Timorese Heroes) or

KOTA [Clementino dos Reis AMARAL]; Timor Democratic Union or UDT

[Joao CARRASCALAO]; Timor Labor Party or PTT [Paulo Freitas DA

SILVA]; Timorese Nationalist Party or PNT [Abilio ARAUJO]; Timorese

Popular Democratic Association or APODETI [Frederico Almeida-Santos

DA COSTA]

Ecuador

Concentration of Popular Forces or CFP [Averroes BUCARAM];

Democratic Left or ID [Guillermo LANDAZURI]; National Action

Institutional Renewal Party or PRIAN [Alvaro NOBOA]; Pachakutik

Movement [Gilberto TALAHUA]; Patriotic Society Party or PSP [Lucio

GUTIERREZ Borbua]; Popular Democracy or DP [Dr. Juan Manuel

FUERTES]; Popular Democratic Movement or MPD [Gustavo TERAN Acosta];

Radical Alfarista Front or FRA [Fabian ALARCON, director]; Roldosist

Party or PRE [Abdala BUCARAM Ortiz, director]; Social Christian

Party or PSC [Leon FEBRES CORDERO]; Socialist Party - Broad Front or

PS-FA [Victor GRANDA]

Egypt

Nasserist Arab Democratic Party or Nasserists [Dia' al-din

DAWUD]; National Democratic Party or NDP [President Mohammed Hosni

MUBARAK] - governing party; National Progressive Unionist Grouping

or Tagammu [Rifaat EL-SAID]; New Wafd Party or NWP [No'man GOMA];

Socialist Liberal Party or Al-Ahrar [Hilmi SALIM]; Tomorrow Party or

Al-Ghad [Ayman NOUR]

note: formation of political parties must be approved by the

government

El Salvador

Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Rodolfo PARKER];

United Democratic Center or CDU [Ruben ZAMORA, secretary general];

Democratic Party or PD [Jorge MELENDEZ]; Farabundo Marti National

Liberation Front or FMLN [Medardo GONZALEZ]; Liberal Democratic

Party or PLD [Kirio Waldo SALGADO, president]; National Action Party

or PAN [Gustavo Rogelio SALINAS, secretary general]; National

Conciliation Party or PCN [Ciro CRUZ ZEPEDA, president]; National

Republican Alliance or ARENA [Elias Antonio SACA]; Social Christian

Union or USC (formed by the merger of Christian Social Renewal Party

or PRSC and Unity Movement or MU) [Abraham RODRIGUEZ, president];

Social Democratic Party or PSD [Juan MEDRANO]

Equatorial Guinea

Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS

[Placido MIKO Abogo]; Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE

(ruling party) [Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO]; Party for Progress

of Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [Severo MOTO]; Popular Action of

Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Miguel Esono EMAN]; Popular Union or UP

[Andres Moises Bda ADA]; Progressive Democratic Alliance or ADP

[Victorino Bolekia BONAY]; Union of Independent Democrats of UDI

[Daniel OYONO]

Eritrea

People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ, the only

party recognized by the government [ISAIAS Afworki]; note - a

National Assembly committee drafted a law on political parties in

January 2001, but the full National Assembly has not yet debated or

voted on it

Estonia

Center Party of Estonia (Keskerakond) [Edgar SAVISAAR,

chairman]; Estonian People's Union (Rahvaliit) [Villu REILJAN,

chairman]; Estonian Reform Party (Reformierakond) [Andrus ANSIP];

Estonian United Russian People's Party or EUVRP [Yevgeniy TOMBERG,

chairman]; Pro Patria Union (Isamaaliit) [Tunne KELAM, chairman];

Res Publica [Juhan PARTS, chairman]; Social Democratic Party

(formerly People's Party Moodukad or Moderates) [Ivari PADAR,

chairman]; Social Liberals (group of 8 parliamentarians, former

Center Party members) [Peeter Kreitzberg]

Ethiopia

Afar National Democratic Party or ANDP [leader NA]; Amhara

National Democratic Movement or ANDM [ADDISU Legesse]; Bench Madji

People's Democratic Organization or BMPDO [leader NA]; Benishangul

Gumuz People's Democratic Unity Front or BGPDUF [leader NA];

Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front or EPRDF [MELES

Zenawi] (an alliance of ANDM, OPDO, SEPDF, and TPLF); Gedeyo

People's Revolutionary Democratic Front or GPRDF [leader NA]; Gurage

Nationalities' Democratic Movement or GNDM [leader NA]; Kafa Shaka

People's Democratic Organization or KSPDO [leader NA]; Kembata,

Alabaa and Tembaro or KAT [leader NA]; Oromo People's Democratic

Organization or OPDO [JUNEDI Sado]; Sidamo People's Democratic

Organization or SPDO [leader NA]; South Omo People's Democratic

Movement or SOPDM [leader NA]; Tigrayan People's Liberation Front or

TPLF [MELES Zenawi]; Walayta, Gamo, Gofa, Dawro, and Konta People's

Democratic Organization or WGGPDO [leader NA]; dozens of small

parties

European Union

Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for

Europe or ALDE [Graham R. WATSON]; Independence/Democracy Group or

IND/DEM [Jens-Peter BONDE and Nigel FARAGE]; Group of

Greens/European Free Alliance or Greens/EFA [Monica FRASSONI and

Daniel Marc COHN-BENDIT]; Socialist Group in the European Parliament

or PES [Martin SCHULZ]; Confederal Group of the European United

Left-Nordic Green Left or EUL/NGL [Francis WURTZ]; European People's

Party-European Democrats or EPP-ED [Hans-Gert POETTERING]; Union for

Europe of the Nations Group or UEN [Brian CROWLEY and Cristiana

MUSCARDINI]

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

none; all independents

Faroe Islands

Center Party [Jenis A. RANA]; Independence Party

[Helena Dam a NEYSTABO]; People's Party [Anfinn KALLSBERG];

Republican Party [Hogni HOYDAL]; Social Democratic Party [Joannes

EIDESGAARD]; Union Party [Lisbeth PETERSEN]

Fiji

Bai Kei Viti Party or BKV [Ratu Tevita MOMOEDONU]; Conservative

Alliance Party/Matanitu Vanua or MV [Ratu Rakuita VAKALALABURE];

Dodonu Ni Taukei Party or DNT [Fereti S. DEWA]; Fiji Democratic

Party or FDP [Felipe BOLE] (a merger of the Christian Democrat

Alliance or VLV [Poesci Waqalevu BUNE], Fijian Association Party or

FAP [Adi Kuini SPEED], Fijian Political Party or SVT (primarily

Fijian) [Felipe BOLE], and New Labor Unity Party or NLUP [Tupeni

BABA]); Fiji Labor Party or FLP [Mahendra CHAUDRHRY]; General Voters

Party or GVP [leader NA] (became part of United General Party);

Girmit Heritage Party or GHP [leader NA]; Justice and Freedom Party

or AIM [leader NA]; Lio 'On Famor Rotuma Party or LFR [leader NA];

National Federation Party or NFP (primarily Indian) [Pramond RAE];

Nationalist Vanua Takolavo Party or NVTLP [Saula TELAWA]; Party of

National Unity or PANU [Meli BOGILEKA]; Party of the Truth or POTT

[leader NA]; United Fiji Party/Sogosogo Duavata ni Lewenivanua or

SDL [Laisenia QARASE]; United General Party or UGP [Millis Mick

BEDDOES]

Finland

Center Party or Kesk [Matti VANHANEN]; Christian Democrats

or KD [Paivi RASANEN]; Green League or VIHR [Osmo SOININVAARA]; Left

Alliance or VAS composed of People's Democratic League and

Democratic Alternative [Suvi-Anne SIIMES]; National Coalition

(conservative) Party or Kok [Jyrki KATAINEN]; Social Democratic

Party or SDP [Paavo LIPPONEN]; Swedish People's Party or SFP

[Jan-Erik ENESTAM]

France

Citizen and Republican Movement or MCR [Jean Pierre

CHEVENEMENT]; Democratic and European Social Rally or RDSE (mainly

RAD. and PRG) [Jacques PELLETIER]; French Communist Party or PCF

[Marie-George BUFFET]; Left Radical Party or PRG (previously Radical

Socialist Party or PRS and the Left Radical Movement or MRG)

[Jean-Michel BAYLET]; Movement for France or MPF [Philippe DE

VILLIERS]; Rally for France or RPF [Charles PASQUA]; Socialist Party

or PS [Francois HOLLANDE]; Greens [Gilles LEMAIRE, Francine BAVAY,

Jean DESESSARD, Christophe PORQUIER, Maud LELIEVRE]; Union for

French Democracy or UDF [Francois BAYROU]; Union for a Popular

Movement or UMP (including RPR, DL, and a part of UDF) [Nicolas

SARKOZY]

French Guiana

Guyanese Democratic Action or ADG [Andre LECANTE];

Guyanese Socialist Party or PSG [Marie-Claude VERDAN]; Guyana

Democratic Forces or FDG [Georges OTHILY]; Popular National Guyanese

Party or PNPG [Jose DORCY]; Socialist Party or PS [Paul DEBRIETTE];

Union for a Popular Movement or UMP [Muriel ICARE]; Walwari

Committee (aligned with the PRG in France) [Christine

TAUBIRA-DELANON]

French Polynesia

Independent Front for the Liberation of Polynesia

(Tavini Huiraatira) [Oscar TEMARU]; New Fatherland Party (Ai'a Api)

[Emile VERNAUDON]; People's Rally for the Republic of Polynesia or

RPR (Tahoeraa Huiraatira) [Gaston FLOSSE]; The New Star (Te Fetia

Api) [Philippe SHYLE]; This Country is Yours (No Oe E Te Nunaa)

[Nicle BOUTEAU]; Union for Democracy or UPD [Oscar TEMARU]

Gabon

Circle of Liberal Reformers or CLR [General Jean Boniface

ASSELE]; Democratic and Republican Alliance or ADERE

[Divungui-di-Ndinge DIDJOB]; Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG,

former sole party [Simplice Nguedet MANZELA]; Gabonese Party for

Progress or PGP [Pierre-Louis AGONDJO-OKAWE,]; National Rally of

Woodcutters-Rally for Gabon or RNB-RPG (Bucherons) [Fr. Paul

M'BA-ABESSOLE]; People's Unity Party or PUP [Louis Gaston MAYILA];

Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Pierre EMBONI]; Social

Democratic Party or PSD [Pierre Claver MAGANGA-MOUSSAVOU]

Gambia, The

Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or

APRC [Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH]; Gambian People's Party-Progressive

People's Party-United Democratic Party or GPP-PPP-UDP Coalition

[Ousainou DARBOE]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sheriff DIBBA];

National Reconciliation Party or NRP [Hamat N. K. BAH]; People's

Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism or PDOIS

[Sidia JATTA]

note: in August 2001, an independent electoral commission allowed

the reregistration of the GPP, NCP, and PPP, three parties banned

since 1996

Georgia

Burjanadze-Democrats [Nino BURJANADZE]; Georgian People's

Front [Nodar NATADZE]; Georgian United Communist Party or UCPG

[Panteleimon GIORGADZE]; Greens [Giorgi GACHECHILADZE]; Industry

Will Save Georgia (Industrialists) or IWSG [Georgi TOPADZE]; Labor

Party [Shalva NATELASHVILI]; National Democratic Party or NDP

[Bachuki KARDAVA]; National Movement Democratic Front [Mikheil

SAAKASHVILI] bloc composed of National Movement and

Burjanadze-Democrats; National Movement [Mikheil SAAKASHVILI]; New

Right [Levaii GACHECHILADZE]; Republican Party [David

BERDZENISHVILI]; Rightist Opposition [Davit GAMKRELIDZE] bloc

composed of Industrialists and New Right Party; Socialist Party or

SPG [Irakli MINDELI]; Traditionalists [Akaki ASATIANI]; Union of

National Forces-Conservatives [Koba DAVITASHVILI and Zviad

DZIDZIGURI]

Germany

Alliance '90/Greens [Angelika BEER and Reinhard BUETIKOFER];

Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Angela MERKEL]; Christian Social

Union or CSU [Edmund STOIBER, chairman]; Free Democratic Party or

FDP [Guido WESTERWELLE, chairman]; Party of Democratic Socialism or

PDS [Lothar BISKY]; Social Democratic Party or SPD [Franz

MUENTEFERING]

Ghana

Convention People's Party or CPP [Nii Noi DOWUONA, general

secretary]; Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Owuraku AMOFA,

chairman]; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Dan LARTY];

National Convention Party or NCP [Sarpong KUMA-KUMA]; National

Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Huudu YAHAYA, general secretary];

New Patriotic Party or NPP [Samuel Arthur ODOI-SYKES]; People's

Convention Party or PCP [P. K. DONKOH-AYIFI, acting chairman];

People's Heritage Party or PHP [Emmanuel Alexander ERSKINE];

People's National Convention or PNC [Edward MAHAMA]; Reform Party

[Kyeretwie OPUKU, general secretary]

Gibraltar

Gibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar Social

Democrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or

GSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]

Greece

Coalition of the Left and Progress (Synaspismos) [Alekos

ALAVANOS]; Communist Party of Greece or KKE [Aleka PAPARIGA]; New

Democracy or ND (conservative) [Konstandinos KARAMANLIS];

Panhellenic Socialist Movement or PASOK [Yiorgos PAPANDREOU];

Popular Orthodox Rally [Yeoryios KARATZAFERIS]

Greenland

Atassut Party (Solidarity, a conservative party favoring

continuing close relations with Denmark) [Augusta SALLING];

Demokratiit [Per BERTHELSEN]; Inuit Ataqatigiit or IA (Eskimo

Brotherhood, a leftist party favoring complete independence from

Denmark rather than home rule) [Josef MOTZFELDT]; Issituup (Polar

Party) [Nicolai HEINRICH]; Kattusseqatigiit (Candidate List, an

independent right-of-center party with no official platform [leader

NA]; Siumut (Forward Party, a social democratic party advocating

more distinct Greenlandic identity and greater autonomy from

Denmark) [Hans ENOKSEN]

Grenada

Grenada United Labor Party or GULP [Herbert PREUDHOMME];

National Democratic Congress or NDC [leader vacant]; New National

Party or NNP [George McGUIRE]; People Labor Movement or PLM [leader

NA]

Guadeloupe

Communist Party of Guadeloupe or PCG [Mona CADOCE]; FGPS

[Dominique LARIFLA]; Left Radical Party or PRG [Flavien FERRANT];

Progressive Democratic Party or PPDG [Henri BANGOU]; Socialist Party

or PS [Marlene MELISSE and Favrot DAVRAIN]; Union for French

Democracy or UDF [Marcel ESDRAS]; Union for a Popular Movement or

UMP [Robert JOYEUX]

Guam

Democratic Party (controls the legislature) [speaker, Vicente

(Ben) PANGELINAN]; Republican Party (party of Governor CAMACHO)

[leader NA]

Guatemala

Authentic Integral Development or DIA [Eduardo SUGER];

Democratic Union or UD [Rodolfo PAIZ Andrade]; Grand National

Alliance or GANA [Oscar BERGER Perdomo]; Green Party or LOV [Rodolfo

ROSALES Garcis-Salaz]; Guatemalan Christian Democracy or DCG

[Vinicio CEREZO Arevalo]; Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity or

URNG [Alba ESTELA Maldonado, secretary general]; Guatemalan

Republican Front or FRG [Efrain RIOS Montt]; Movement for Guatemalan

Unity or MGU [Jacobo ARBENZ Villanueva]; Movement for Principals and

Values or MPV [Francisco BIANCHI]; National Advancement Party or PAN

[Leonel LOPEZ Rodas, secretary general]; National Unity for Hope or

UNE [Alvarado COLOM Caballeros]; New Nation Alliance or ANN, formed

by an alliance of DIA, URNG, and several splinter groups most of

whom subsequently defected [led by three co-equal partners - Nineth

Varenca MONTENEGRO Cottom, Rodolfo BAUER Paiz, and Jorge Antonio

BALSELLS TUT]; Patriot Party or PP [retired General Otto PEREZ

Molina]; Progressive Liberator Party or PLP [Acisclo VALLADARES

Molina]; Reform Movement or MR [Alfredo SKINNER-KLEE, secretary

general]; Unionista Party [leader NA]

Guernsey

none; all independents

Guinea

Democratic Party of Guinea-African Democratic Rally or

PDG-RDA [El Hadj Ismael Mohamed Gassim GUSHEIN]; National Union for

Progress or UPN [Mamadou Bhoye BARRY]; Party for Unity and Progress

or PUP [Lansana CONTE] - the governing party; People's Party of

Guinea or PPG [Pascal TOLNO]; Rally for the Guinean People or RPG

[Alpha CONDE]; Union for Progress and Renewal or UPR [Siradiou

DIALLO]; Union for Progress of Guinea or UPG [Jean-Marie DORE,

secretary-general]; Union of Republican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE]

Guinea-Bissau

African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau

and Cape Verde or PAIGC [Carlos GOMES Junior]; Front for the

Liberation and Independence of Guinea or FLING [Francois MENDY];

Guinea-Bissau Resistance-Ba Fata Movement or RGB-MB [Helder Vaz

LOPES]; Guinean Civic Forum or FCG [Antonieta Rosa GOMES];

International League for Ecological Protection or LIPE [Alhaje

Bubacar DJALO, president]; National Union for Democracy and Progress

or UNDP [Abubacer BALDE, secretary general]; Party for Democratic

Convergence or PCD [Victor MANDINGA]; Social Renovation Party or PRS

[Kumba YALA]; Union for Change or UM [Jorge MANDINGA, president, Dr.

Anne SAAD, secretary general]; United Platform or UP [coalition

formed by PCD, FDS, FLING, and RGB-MB]; United Social Democratic

Party or PUSD [Francisco Jose FADUL]

Guyana

Alliance for Guyana or AFG (includes Guyana Labor Party or

GLP and Working People's Alliance or WPA) [Rupert ROOPNARAINE];

Guyana Action Party or GAP [Paul HARDY]; Guyana Labor Party or GLP

[leader NA]; People's National Congress or PNC/R [Robert Herman

Orlando CORBIN]; People's Progressive Party/Civic or PPP/C [Bharrat

JAGDEO]; Rise, Organize, and Rebuild or ROAR [Ravi DEV]; The United

Force or TUF [Manzoor NADIR]; Working People's Alliance or WPA

[Rupert ROOPNARAINE]

Haiti

Alliance for the Liberation and Advancement of Haiti or ALAH

[Reynold GEORGES]; Assembly of Progressive National Democrats or

RDNP [Leslie MANIGAT]; Convention for Democratic Unity or KID

[leader Evans PAUL]; Democratic Convergence (opposition coalition

composed of KID, KONAKOM, OPL, PANPRA, RNDP, MIDH, and MOCHRENA)

[Evans PAUL, Victor BENOIT, Edgard LEBLANC, Serge GILLES, Leslie

MANIGAT, Marc BAZIN, Luc MESADIEU]; Democratic Movement for the

Liberation of Haiti or MODELH [Francois LATORTUE]; Grand Center

Right Front coalition (composed of MDN, MRN, and PDCH) [Hubert de

RONCERAY, Jean BUTEAU, Osner FEVRY and Marie-Denise CLAUDE]; Haitian

Christian Democratic Party or PDCH [Osner FEVRY and Marie-Denise

CLAUDE]; Haitian Democratic Party or PADEMH [Clark PARENT]; Haitian

Democratic and Reform Movement or MODEREH [Dany TOUSSAINT and Pierre

Soncon PRINCE]; Heads Together [Dr. Gerard BLOT]; Lavalas Family or

FL [Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE]; Liberal Party of Haiti or PLH [Michael

MADSEN]; Mobilization for National Development or MDN [Hubert DE

RONCERAY]; Movement for National Reconstruction or MRN [Jean

BUTEAU]; Movement for the Installation of Democracy in Haiti or MIDH

[Marc BAZIN]; National Front for the Reconstruction of Haiti or FRON

[Guy PHILIPPE and Winter ETIENNE]; National Progressive Democratic

Party or PNDPH [Turneb DELPE]; New Christian Movement for a New

Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]; Popular Party for the Renewal of

Haiti, or Generation 2000 [Claude ROMAIN and Daniel SUPPLICE];

Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Edgard LEBLANC]

Holy See (Vatican City)

none

Honduras

Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Juan Ramon VELAZQUEZ

Nassar]; Democratic Unification Party or PUD [Matias FUNES]; Liberal

Party or PL [Roberto MICHELETTI Bain]; National Innovation and Unity

Party-Social Democratic Party or PINU-SD [Olban F. VALLADARES];

National Party of Honduras or PN [Jose Celin DISCUA Elvir]; United

Confederation of Honduran Workers or CUTH

Hong Kong

Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood or ADPL

[Frederick FUNG Kin-kee, chairman]; Citizens Party [Alex CHAN

Kai-chung]; Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong or

DAB [MA Lik, chairman]; Democratic Party [LEE Wing-tat, chairman];

Frontier Party [Emily LAU Wai-hing, chairwoman]; Liberal Party

[James TIEN Pei-chun, chairman]

note: political blocs include: pro-democracy - Association for

Democracy and People's Livelihood, Democratic Party, Frontier Party;

pro-Beijing - Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong,

Hong Kong Progressive Alliance, Liberal Party

Hungary

Alliance of Free Democrats or SzDSz [Gabor KUNCZE];

Hungarian Civic Alliance or Fidesz-MPP [Viktor ORBAN, chairman];

Hungarian Democratic Forum or MDF [Ibolya DAVID]; Hungarian

Democratic People's Party or MDNP [Erzsebet PUSZTAI, chairman];

Hungarian Socialist Party or MSzP [Istvan HILLER, chairman];

Hungarian Workers' Party or MMP [Gyula THURMER, chairman]

Iceland

Independence Party or IP [David ODDSSON]; Left-Green

Alliance or LGP [Steingrimur SIGFUSSON]; Liberal Party or LP [Gudjon

KRISTJANSSON]; Progressive Party or PP [Halldor ASGRIMSSON]; Social

Democratic Alliance (includes People's Alliance or PA, Social

Democratic Party or SDP, Women's List) or SDA [Ossur SKARPHEDINSSON]

India

All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or AIADMK [C.

Jayalalitha JAYARAM]; All India Forward Bloc or AIFB, [D. BISWAS,

general secretary]; Asom Gana Parishad [Brindaban GOSWAMI]; Bahujan

Samaj Party or BSP [MAYAWATI]; Bharatiya Janata Party or BJP

[Venkaiah NAIDU]; Biju Janata Dal or BJD [Naveen PATNAIK]; Communist

Party of India or CPI [Ardhendu Bhushan BARDHAN]; Communist Party of

India/Marxist-Leninist or CPI/ML [Dipankar BHATTACHARYA]; Congress

(I) Party [Sonia GANDHI]; Dravida Munnetra Kazagham or DMK (a

regional party in Tamil Nadu) [M. KARUNANIDHI]; Indian National

Congress or INC [leader NA]; Indian National League [Suliaman

SAITH]; Janata Dal (Secular) [H. D. Deve GOWDA]; Janata Dal (United)

or JDU [Sharad YADAV]; Jharkhand Mukti Morcha or JMM [leader NA];

Kerala Congress (Mani faction) [K. M. MANI]; Lok Jan Shakti Party or

LSP [leader NA]; Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or MDMK

[VAIKO]; Muslim League [G. M. BANATWALA]; Nationalist Congress Party

or NCP [Sharad PAWAR]; Pattali Makkal Katchi or PMK [leader NA];

Rashtriya Janata Dal or RJD [Laloo Prasad YADAV]; Revolutionary

Socialist Party or RSP [Abani ROY]; Samajwadi Party or SP [Mulayam

Singh YADAV]; Shiromani Akali Dal or SAD [G. S. TOHRA]; Shiv Sena or

SS [Bal THACKERAY]; Tamil Maanila Congress [G. K. VASAN]; Telangana

Rashtra Samithi or TRS [leader NA]; Telugu Desam Party or TDP

[Chandrababu NAIDU]; Trinamool Congress [Mamata BANERJEE]

Indonesia

Crescent Moon and Star Party or PBB [Yusril Ihza MAHENDRA,

chairman]; Democratic Party or PD [Subur BUDHISANTOSO, chairman];

Functional Groups Party or Golkar [Yusuf KALLA, chairman]; Indonesia

Democratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P [MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri,

chairperson]; National Awakening Party or PKB [Alwi SHIHAB,

chairman]; National Mandate Party or PAN [Amien RAIS, chairman];

Prosperous Justice Party or PKS [MAHFUD, acting chairman]; United

Development Party or PPP [Hamzah HAZ, chairman]

Iran

formal political parties are a relatively new phenomenon in the

Islamic Republic and most conservatives still prefer to work through

political pressure groups rather than parties; a loose pro-reform

coalition called the 2nd Khordad front, which includes political

parties as well as less formal pressure groups and organizations,

achieved considerable success at elections to the sixth Majles in

early 2000; groups in the coalition include: Islamic Iran

Participation Front (IIPF); Executives of Construction Party

(Kargozaran); Solidarity Party; Islamic Labor Party; Mardom Salari;

Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization (MIRO); and

Militant Clerics Society (Ruhaniyun); the coalition is expected to

participate in the seventh Majles elections in early 2004; a new

apparently conservative group, the Builders of Islamic Iran, took a

leading position in the new Majles afte winning a majority of the

seats in February 2004

Iraq

note - the Iraqi political parties included below reflect only

the major groups; new political parties continue to emerge,

indicative of a rapidly changing political landscape; Al-Sadr

Movement [Muqtada Al-SADR]; Da'wa Party [Ibrahim al-JA'FARI]; Iraqi

Hizballah [Karim Mahud al-MUHAMMADAWI]; Iraqi National Accord or INA

[Ayad ALLAWI]; Iraqi National Congress or INC [Ahmad CHALABI];

Jama'at al Fadilah or JAF [Ayatollah Muhammad ' Ali al-YAQUBI]; The

Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq or SCIRI [Abd

al-Aziz al-HAKIM]; Constitutional Monarchy Movement or CMM [Sharif

Ali Bin al-HUSAYN]; Independent Iraqi Alliance or IIA [Falah

al-NAQIB]; Iraqi Independent Democrats or IID [Adnan PACHACHI, Mahdi

al-HAFIZ]; Iraqi Islamic Party or IIP [Muhsin Abd al-HAMID, Hajim

al-HASSANI]; Iraqi National Unity Movement or INUM [Ahmad

al-KUBAYSI, chariman]; Muslim Ulama Council or MUC [Harith Sulayman

al-DARI, secretary general]; Kurdistan Democratic Party or KDP

[Masud BARZANI]; Patriotic Union of Kurdistan or PUK [Jalal TALABANI]

Ireland

Fianna Fail [Bertie AHERN]; Fine Gael [Enda KENNY]; Green

Party [Trevor SARGENT]; Labor Party [Pat RABITTE]; Progressive

Democrats [Mary HARNEY]; Sinn Fein [Gerry ADAMS]; Socialist Party

[Joe HIGGINS]; The Workers' Party [Sean GARLAND]

Israel

Democratic Front for Peace and Equality (Hadash) [Muhammad

BARAKA]; Green Leaf Party (no longer active) [Boaz WACHTEL and

Shlomi SANDAK]; Herut (no longer active) [Michael KLEINER]; Labor

Party [Shimon PERES]; Likud Party [Ariel SHARON]; Meretz (merged

with YAHAD) [Zahava GALON]; National Democratic Assembly (Balad)

[Azmi BISHARA]; National Religious Party [Ephraim "Efie" EITAM];

National Union (Haichud Haleumi) [Avigdor LIBERMAN] (includes Tekuma

Moledet and Yisra'el Beiteinu); One Nation [David TAL]; Shas

[Eliyahu YISHAI]; Shinui [Yosef "Tommy" LAPID]; United Arab List

[Abd al-Malik DAHAMSHAH]; United Torah Judaism [Yaakov LITZMAN];

YAHAD [Yossi BEILIN]; Yisra'el Ba'Aliya or YBA (merged with Likud)

[Natan SHARANSKY]

Italy

Center-Left Olive Tree Coalition [Francesco RUTELLI] -

Democrats of the Left, Daisy Alliance (including Italian Popular

Party, Italian Renewal, Union of Democrats for Europe, The

Democrats), Sunflower Alliance (including Green Federation, Italian

Democratic Socialists), Italian Communist Party; Center-Right

Freedom House Coalition [Silvio BERLUSCONI] (formerly House of

Liberties and Freedom Alliance) - Forza Italia, National Alliance,

The Whiteflower Alliance (includes Christian Democratic Center,

United Christian Democrats), Northern League; Democrats of the Left

or DS [Piero FASSINO]; Forza Italia or FI [Silvio BERLUSCONI]; Green

Federation [Alfonso Pecoraro SCANIO]; Italian Communist Party or

PdCI [Armando COSSUTTA]; Italian Renewal or RI [Lamberto DINI];

merged with PPI and I Democratici to form La Margherita (or The

Daisy Alliance); Italian Social Democrats or SDI [Enrico BOSELLI];

Lega Padana [Roberto BERNARDELLI]; National Alliance or AN

[Gianfranco FINI]; Northern League or NL [Umberto BOSSI]; Socialist

Movement-Tricolor Flame or MS-Fiamma [Luca ROMAGNOLI]; South Tyrol

People's Party or SVP (German speakers) [Elmar Pichler ROLLE];

Sunflower Alliance (includes Green Federation, Italian Social

Democrats); The Daisy Alliance (includes Italian Popular Party,

Italian Renewal, Union of Democrats for Europe, The Democrats)

[Francesco RUTELLI]; The Democrats [Arturo PARISI]; The Radicals

(formerly Pannella Reformers and Autonomous List) [Marco PANNELLA];

Union of Democrats for Europe or UDEUR [Clemente MASTELLA]; Union of

Christian and Center Democrats or UDC [Marco FOLLINI]

Jamaica

Jamaica Labor Party or JLP [Edward SEAGA]; National

Democratic Movement or NDM [Hyacinth BENNETT]; People's National

Party or PNP [Percival James PATTERSON]

Japan

Democratic Party of Japan or DPJ [Katsuya OKADA, leader;

Tatsuo KAWABATA, secretary general]; Japan Communist Party or JCP

[Kazuo SHII, chairman; Tadayoshi ICHIDA, secretary general]; Komeito

[Takenori KANZAKI, president; Tetsuzo FUYUSHIBA, secretary general];

Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Junichiro KOIZUMI, president;

Tsutomu TAKEBE, secretary general]; Social Democratic Party or SDP

[Mizuho FUKUSHIMA, chairperson; Seiji MATAICHI, secretary general]

Jersey

none; all independents

Jordan

Al-Ahed Party [Khaldoun al-NASSER, secretary general];

Al-Ajyal [Muhammad KHALAYLEH, secretary general]; Ba'th Arab

Progressive Party [Mahmood MA'AYTEH, secretary general]; Al-Umma

(Nation) Party [Ahmad al-HANANDEH, secretary general]; Arab Land

Party [Dr. Muhammad al-'ORAN, secretary general]; Communist Party

[Munir HAMARINAH, secretary general]; Constitutional Front [Mahdi

al-TALL, secretary general]; Democratic Arab Islamic Movement [Yusuf

ABU BAKR, president]; Green Party [Muhammad BATAYNEH, secretary

general]; Jordanian Democratic Left Party [Musa MA'AYTEH, secretary]

general; Jordanian Democratic Popular Unity Party [Sa'id Dhiyab Ali

MUSTAFA, secretary general]; Jordanian Progressive Party [Fawwaz

al-ZUBI, secretary general]; Jordanian People's Democratic (Hashd)

Party [Salim al-NAHHAS, secretary general]; Islamic Action Front

[Hazma MANSOUR, secretary general]; Muslim Centrist Party [NA

leader]; National Action (Haqq) Party [Muhammad al-ZUBI, secretary

general]; National Constitutional Party [Abdul Hadi MAJALI,

secretary general]; (Arab) Socialist Ba'th Party [Taysir al-HIMSI,

secretary general]; Pan-Arab (Democratic) Movement [Mahmud

al-NUWAYHI, secretary general]

Kazakhstan

Agrarian Party [Romin MADINOV]; AIST (Agrarian

Party-Civic Party Bloc); Ak Zhol Party "Bright Path" [Bulat ABILOV,

Uraz ZHANDOSOV, Lyudmila ZHULANOVA, Alikhan BAYMENOV, Altynbek

SARSENBAYEV, co-chairs]; ASAR "All Together" [Dariga NAZARBAYEVA,

chairwoman]; AUL "Village" [Gani KALIYEV]; Civic Party [Azat

PERUASHEV, first secretary]; Communist Party or KPK [Serikbolsyn

ABDILDIN, first secretary]; Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan

[Vladislav KOSAREV]; Democratic Choice Party of Kazakhstan

[Galiymzhan ZHAKIYANOV]; Democratic Party of Kazakhstan [Maksut

NARIKBAEV]; Otan "Fatherland" [Nursultan NAZARBAYEV, chairman];

Patriots' Party [Gani KASYMOV]; Rukhaniyat [Altynshash JAGANOVA]

note: twelve parties in Kazakhstan were registered for the elections

in the fall of 2004

Kenya

Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-People or FORD-People

[Kimaniwa NYOIKE, chairman]; Kenya African National Union or KANU

[Uhuru KENYATTA]; National Rainbow Coalition or NARC [Mwai KIBAKI] -

the governing party

Kiribati

Boutokaan Te Koaua Party or BTK [Taberannang TIMEON];

Maneaban Te Mauri Party or MTM [Teburoro TITO]; Maurin Kiribati Pati

or MKP [leader NA]; National Progressive Party or NPP [Dr. Harry

TONG]

note: there is no tradition of formally organized political parties

in Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groups

because they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or party

structures

Korea, North

major party - Korean Workers' Party or KWP [KIM Jong

Il, general secretary]; minor parties - Chondoist Chongu Party [RYU

Mi Yong, chairwoman] (under KWP control); Social Democratic Party

[KIM Yong Dae, chairman] (under KWP control)

Korea, South

Democratic Labor Party or DLP [KIM Hye-kyung,

chairwoman]; Grand National Party or GNP [PARK Geun-hye,

chairwoman]; Millennium Democratic Party or MDP [HAHN Hwa-kap,

chairman]; United Liberal Democrats or ULD [KIM Hak-won, chairman];

Uri Party [LIM Chae-jung, interim chairman]

Kuwait

none; formation of political parties is illegal

Kyrgyzstan

Adilet (Justice) Party [Toychubek KASYMOV]; Agrarian

Labor Party of Kyrgyzstan [Uson SYDYKOV]; Agrarian Party of

Kyrgyzstan [Erkin ALIYEV]; Alga, Kyrgyzstan (Forward, Kyrgyzstan)

[Bolot BEGALIYEV]; Ar-Namys (Dignity) Party [Emil ALIYEV]; Asaba

(Banner National Revival Party) [Azimbek BEKNAZAROV]; Ata-Meken

(Fatherland) [Omurbek TEKEBAYEV]; Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan

[Klara ADZHIBEKOVA]; Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstan or DDK [Jypar

JEKSHEYEV]; Erkin Kyrgyzstan Progressive and Democratic Party

[Bektur ASANOV]; Erkindik (Freedom) Party [Topchubek TURGUNALIYEV];

Future of Kyrgyzstan [Balbak TULEBAYEV]; Jany Kyrgyzstan (New

Kyrgyzstan) [Dosbol NUR UULU]; Kairan El [Dooronbek SADYKOV]; Kyrgyz

National Party [Bakyt BESHIMOV]; Kyrgyzstan Kelechegi [Ruslan

CHYNYBAYEV]; Manas El (Party of Spiritual Restoration) [Chingiz

AITMATOV]; Moya Strana (My Country Party of Action) [Joomart

OTORBAYEV]; Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan or KCP [Bakytbek

BEKBOYEV]; Party of Justice and Progress [Muratbek IMANALIEV]; Party

of Peasants [Esengul ISAKOV]

Laos

Lao People's Revolutionary Party or LPRP [KHAMTAI Siphandon,

party president]; other parties proscribed

Latvia

Alliance of the Greens and Farmers Union or ZZS [Augusts

BRIGMANIS (Farmer's Union); Indulis EMSIS (Green Party)]; First

Party of Latvia [Ainars SLESERS]; For Human Rights in a United

Latvia or PCTVL [Jakovs PLINERS]; For Our Latvia or ML [Rihards

Jablokovs]; Latvian National Democratic Party or LNDP [Jevgenijs

Osiopovs]; Latvian National Front [Aivars GARDA]; Latvian

Social-Democratic Workers Party (Social Democrats) or LSDSP [Alfred

RUBIKS]; Latvia's Way Union or LC; Light of Latgale or LG; New Era

Party or JL [Einars REPSE]; New Politics Party or JP [Sergejs

DOLGOPOLOVS]; People's Harmony Party or TSP [Janis JURKANS];

People's Party or TP [Atis SLAKTERIS]; Social Democratic Union or

SDS [Egils BALDZENS]; Union for the Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK or

TB/LNNK [Janis STRAUME]; United Social Democratic Welfare Party or

SLP [Juris ZURAVLOVS]; United Republican Party of Latvia or LARP

Lebanon

political activity is organized along largely sectarian

lines; numerous political groupings exist, consisting of individual

political figures and followers motivated by religious, ethnic,

clan, and economic considerations

Lesotho

Basotho Congress Party or BCP [Tseliso MAKHAKHE]; Basotho

National Party or BNP [Maj. Gen. Justine Metsing LEKHANYA]; Lesotho

Congress for Democracy or LCD [Phebe MOTEBANO, chairwoman; Pakalitha

MOSISILI, leader] - the governing party; Lesotho People's Congress

or LPC [Kelebone MAOPE]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Charles

MOFELI]; Marematlou Freedom Party or MFP and Setlamo Alliance

[Vincent MALEBO]; Progressive National Party or PNP [Chief Peete

Nkoebe PEETE]; Sefate Democratic Party or SDP [Bofihla NKUEBE]

Liberia

Alliance of Political Parties (a coalition of LAP and LUP)

[leader NA]; All Liberia Coalition Party or ALCOP [Peter KERBAY];

Liberian Action Party or LAP [C. Gyude BRYANT]; Liberian People's

Party or LPP [Koffa NAGBE]; Liberia Unification Party or LUP [leader

NA]; National Patriotic Party or NPP [Cyril ALLEN] - governing

party; United People's Party or UPP [Wesley JOHNSON]; Unity Party or

UP [Charles CLARKE]

Libya

none

Liechtenstein

Patriotic Union (was Fatherland Union) or VU [Heinz

FROMMELT]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Johannes MATT]; The

Free List or FL [Dr. Pepo FRICK, Elisabeth TELLENBACH-FRICK, Adolf

RITTER]

Lithuania

Electoral Action of Lithuanian Poles [Valdemar

TOMASZEVSKI, chairman]; Homeland Union/Conservative Party or TS

[Andrius KUBILIUS, chairman]; Labor Party [Viktor USPASKICH,

chairman]; Liberal and Center Union [Arturas ZUOKAS, chairman];

Liberal Democratic Party [Valentinas MAZURONIS, chairman];

Lithuanian Christian Democrats or LKD [Valentinas STUNDYS,

chairman]; Lithuanian People's Union for a Fair Lithuania;

Lithuanian Social Democratic Coalition [Algirdas BRAZAUSKAS,

chairman] consists of the Lithuanian Democratic Labor Party or LDDP

and the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party or LSDP; New Democracy

and Farmer's Union or VNDPS [Kazimiera PRUNSKIENE, chairman]; Social

Liberals (New Union) [Arturas PAULAUSKAS, chairman]; Social Union of

Christian Conservatives [Gediminas VAGNORIUS, chairman]; Young

Lithuania and New Nationalists

Luxembourg

Action Committee for Democracy and Justice or ADR [Gast

GIBERYOEN]; Christian Social People's Party or CSV (known also as

Christian Social Party or PCS) [Francois BILTGEN]; Democratic Party

or DP [Claude MEISCH]; Green Party [Francois BAUSCH]; Luxembourg

Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Alex BODRY]; Marxist and Reformed

Communist Party DEI LENK (the Left) [no formal leadership]; other

minor parties

Macau

Some civic associations operate as de facto political parties:

Electoral Union; Pro-Macao and Flower of Friendship and Development

of Macao; Associacao para a Defesa dos Interesses de Macao; Centro

Democratico de Macao; Grupo Independente de Macao; Macau Economic

Promotion Association; Progress Promotion Union; Development Union

Macedonia

Democratic Alliance [Pavle TRAJANOV]; Democratic

Alternative or DA [Vasil TUPURKOVSKI, president]; Democratic League

of the Bosniaks [Rafet MUMINOVIC]; Democratic Party of Albanians or

PDSH/DPA [Arben XHAFERI, president]; Democratic Party of Serbs [Ivan

STOILJKOVIC]; Democratic Party of Turks [Kenan HASIPI]; Democratic

Republican Union of Macedonia or DRUM [Dosta DIMOVSKA]; Democratic

Union of Vlachs for Macedonia [leader NA]; Democratic Union for

Integration or BDI/DUI [Ali AHMETI]; Internal Macedonian

Revolutionary Organization-Agrarian Party or VMRO-Agrarian Party

[Marjan GJORCEV]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary

Organization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity or

VMRO-DPMNE (including VMRO and LDT) [Nikola GRUEVSKI]; Internal

Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-True Macedonian Option or

VMRO-Vistinska [Boris ZMEJKOVSKI]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary

Organization-Macedonian [Boris STOJMENOV]; Internal Macedonian

Revolutionary Organization-People's Party or VMRO-Narodna [Vesna

JANEVSKA]; League for Democracy [Gjorgi MARJANOVIC]; Liberal

Democratic Party or LDP [Risto PENOV]; Liberal Party [Stojan ANDOV];

National Democratic Party or PDK [Basri HALITI]; National Farmers'

Party [VejljoTANTAROV]; Party for Democratic Prosperity or PPD/PDP

[Abduljhadi VEJSELI]; Social Democratic Alliance of Macedonia or

SDSM [Vlado BUCKOVSKI, president]; Socialist Party of Macedonia or

SP [Ljubisav IVANOV, president]; Together for Macedonia coalition

(including the SDSM and LDP) [Vlado BUCKOVSI]; United Party for

Emancipation or OPE [Nezdet MUSTAFA]

Madagascar

Association for the Rebirth of Madagascar or AREMA

[Pierrot RAJAONARIVO]; Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action for

National Recovery or LEADER/Fanilo [Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO]; Fihaonana

Party or FP [Guy-Willy RAZANAMASY]; I Love Madagascar or TIM [Marc

RAVALOMANANA]; Renewal of the Social Democratic Party or RPSD

[Evariste MARSON]

Malawi

Alliance for Democracy or AFORD [Chakufwa CHIHANA]; Malawi

Congress Party or MCP [John TEMBO]; Malawi Democratic Party or MDP

[Kampelo KALUA]; Malawi Forum for Unity and Development or MAFUNDE

[George MNESA]; Mgwirizano Coalition or MC (coalition of MAFUNDE,

MDP, MGODE, NUP, PETRA, PPM, RP) [Gwandaguluwe Chakuamba]; Movement

for Genuine Democratic Change or MGODE [Sam Kandodo BANDA]; National

Democratic Alliance or NDA [Brown MPINGANJIRA]; National Unity Party

or NUP [Harry CHIUME]; New Congress for Democracy or NCD [Hetherwick

NTABA]; People's Progressive Movement or PPM [Aleke BANDA]; People's

Transformation Movement or PETRA [Kamuzu CHIBAMBO]; Republican Party

or RP [Gwandaguluwe Chakuamba]; United Democratic Front or UDF

[Bingu wa MUTHARIKA] - governing party

Malaysia

ruling-coalition National Front (Barisan Nasional) or BN,

consisting of the following parties: Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia Party

or PGRM [LIM Keng Yaik]; Liberal Democratic Party (Parti Liberal

Demokratik - Sabah) or LDP [CHONG Kah Kiat]; Malaysian Chinese

Association (Persatuan China Malaysia) or MCA [ONG Ka Ting];

Malaysian Indian Congress (Kongresi India Malaysia) or MIC [S. Samy

VELLU]; Parti Bersatu Pakyat Sabah or PBRS [Joseph KURUP]; Parti

Bersatu Sabah or PBS [Joseph PAIRIN Kitingan]; Parti Pesaka

Bumiputra Bersatu or PBB [Patinggi Haji Abdul TAIB Mahmud]; Parti

Rakyat Sarawak or PRS [James MASING]; Sabah Progressive Party (Parti

Progresif Sabah) or SAPP [YONG Teck Lee]; Sarawak United People's

Party (Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sarawak) or SUPP [George CHAN Hong Nam];

United Malays National Organization or UMNO [ABDULLAH Ahmad Badawi];

United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organization (Pertubuhan

Pasko Momogun Kadazan Dusun Bersatu) or UPKO [Bernard DOMPOK];

People's Progressive Party (Parti Progresif Penduduk Malaysia) or

PPP [M.Keyveas]; Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party or SPDP

[William MAWANI]; opposition parties: Democratic Action Party (Parti

Tindakan Demokratik) or DAP [KARPAL Singh]; Islamic Party of

Malaysia (Parti Islam se Malaysia) or PAS [Abdul HADI Awang];

People's Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat) or PKR [WAN AZIZAH

Wan Ismael]; Sarawak National Party or SNAP [Edwin DANDUNG];

opposition coalition Alternative Front (Barisan Alternatif) or BA

consists of PAS and PKR

Maldives

although political parties are not banned, none exist

Mali

Alliance for Democracy or ADEMA [Diounconda TRAORE, party

chairman]; Block of Alternative for the Renewal of Africa or BARA

[Yoro DIAKITE]; Democratic and Social Convention or CDS [Mamadou

Bakary SANGARE, chairman]; Hope 2002 [leader NA]; Movement for the

Independence, Renaissance and Integration of Africa or MIRIA

[Mohamed Lamine TRAORE, Mouhamedou DICKO]; National Congress for

Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL, chairman]; Party for

Democracy and Progress or PDP [Me Idrissa TRAORE]; Party for

National Renewal or PARENA [Yoro DIAKITE, chairman; Tiebile DRAME,

secretary general]; Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT [Ali

GNANGADO]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Almamy SYLLA,

chairman]; Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Bonbasor KEITA, chairman];

Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou Bamou

TOURE, secretary general]; Union of Democratic Forces for Progress

or UFDP [Youssouf TOURE, secretary general]; Union for Democracy and

Development or UDD [Moussa Balla COULIBALY]

Malta

Alternativa Demokratika/Alliance for Social Justice or AD

[Harry VASSALLO]; Malta Labor Party or MLP [Alfred SANT];

Nationalist Party or PN [Lawrence GONZI]

Man, Isle of

Man Labor Party [leader NA]; Alliance for Progressive

Government [leader NA]; Man Nationalist Party [leader NA]

note: most members sit as independents

Marshall Islands

traditionally there have been no formally organized

political parties; what has existed more closely resembles factions

or interest groups because they do not have party headquarters,

formal platforms, or party structures; the following two "groupings"

have competed in legislative balloting in recent years - Kabua Party

[Imata KABUA] and United Democratic Party or UDP [Litokwa TOMEING]

Martinique

Martinique Communist Party or PCM [Georges ERICHOT];

Martinique Independence Movement or MIM [Alfred MARIE-JEANNE];

Martinique Progressive Party or PPM [Pierre SUEDILE]; Martinique

Socialist Party or PMS [Ernest WAN-AJOUHU]; Movement of Democrats

and Ecologists for a Sovereign Martinique or Modemas [Garcin MALSA];

Rally for the Republic or RPR [Michel CHARLONE]; Socialist

Revolution Group or GRS [Philippe PIERRE-CHARLES]; Union for French

Democracy or UDF [Jean MAREN]

Mauritania

Action for Change or AC [Messoud Ould BOULKHEIR];

Alliance for Justice and Democracy or AJD [Kebe ABDOULAYE];

Democratic and Social Republican Party or PRDS (ruling party)

[President Maaouya Ould Sid Ahmed TAYA]; Mauritanian Party for

Renewal and Concorde or PMRC [Molaye El Hassen Ould JIYID]; National

Union for Democracy and Development or UNDD [Tidjane KOITA]; Party

for Liberty, Equality and Justice or PLEJ [Daouda M'BAGNIGA];

Popular Front or FP [Ch'bih Ould CHEIKH MALAININE]; Popular Progress

Alliance or APP [Messoud Ould BOULKHEIR]; Popular Social and

Democratic Union or UPSD [Mohamed Mahmoud Ould MAH]; Progress Force

Union or UFP [Mohamed Ould MAOULOUD]; Rally of Democratic Forces or

RFD [Ahmed Ould DADDAH]; Rally for Democracy and Unity or RDU [Ahmed

Ould SIDI BABA]; Union for Democracy and Progress or UDP [Naha Mint

MOUKNASS]

note: the Action for Change party was banned in January 2002

although its members were permitted to keep their seats in the

National Assembly; parties legalized by constitution ratified 12

July 1991, however, politics continue to be tribally based

Mauritius

Hizbullah [Cehl Mohamed FAKEEMEEAH]; Mauritian Labor Party

or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian Militant Movement or MMM

[Paul BERENGER] - in coalition with MSM; Mauritian Social Democrat

Party or PMSD [Charles Xavier-Luc DUVAL]; Militant Socialist

Movement or MSM [Pravind JUGNAUTH] - governing party; Rodrigues

Movement or MR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]; Rodrigues Peoples

Organization or OPR [Serge CLAIR]

Mayotte

Democratic Front or FD [Youssouf MOUSSA]; Mahoran Popular

Movement or MPM [Ahmed MADI]; Federation of Mahorans or RPR [Mansour

KAMARDINE]; Movement for Department Status Mayotte or MDM [Mouhoutar

SALIM]; Socialist Party or PS (local branch of French Parti

Socialiste) [Ibrahim ABUBACAR]; Union for French Democracy or UDF

[Henri JEAN-BAPTISTE]

Mexico

Convergence for Democracy or CD [Dante DELGADO Ranauro];

Institutional Revolutionary Party or PRI [Roberto MADRAZO Pintado];

Mexican Green Ecological Party or PVEM [Jorge Emilio GONZALEZ

Martinez]; National Action Party or PAN [Luis Felipe BRAVO Mena];

Party of the Democratic Revolution or PRD [Leonel GODOY]; Workers

Party or PT [Alberto ANAYA Gutierrez]

Micronesia, Federated States of

no formal parties

Moldova

Democratic Modova Bloc [Serafim URECHEANU] includes:

Democratic Party [Dumitru DIACOV], Our Moldova Alliance [Dumitru

BRAGHIS, Serafim URECHEANU], Social Liberal Party [Oleg SEREBRIAN];

Communist Party of the Republic of Moldova or PCRM [Vladimir

VORONIN, first chairman]; Popular Christian Democratic Party or PPCD

[Iurie ROSCA]

Monaco

National and Democratic Union or UND [Jean-Louis CAMPORA];

Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of

Monaco or UNAM [leader NA]

Mongolia

Citizens' Will Republican Party or CWRP (also called Civil

Courage Republican Party or CCRP) [Sanjaasurengiin OYUN]; Democratic

Party or DP [R. GONCHIKDORJ]; Motherland-Mongolian New Socialist

Democratic Party or M-MNSDP [B. ERDENEBAT]; Mongolian People's

Revolutionary Party or MPRP [Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR]; Mongolian

Republican Party or MRP [B. JARGALSAIKHAN]

note: DP and M-MNSDP formed Motherland-Democracy Coalition (MDC) in

2003 and with CWRP contested June 2004 elections as single party;

MDC's leadership dissolved coalition in December 2004

Montserrat

National Progressive Party or NPP [Reuben T. MEADE]; New

People's Liberation Movement or NPLM [John A. OSBORNE]

Morocco

Action Party or PA [Muhammad EL IDRISSI]; Alliance of

Liberties or ADL [Ali BELHAJ]; Annahj Addimocrati or Annahj

[Abdellah EL HARIF]; Avant Garde Social Democratic Party or PADS

[Ahmed BENJELLOUN]; Citizen Forces or FC [Abderrahman LAHJOUJI];

Citizen's Initiatives for Development [Mohamed BENHAMOU];

Constitutional Union or UC [Mohamed ABIED (interim)]; Democratic and

Independence Party or PDI [Abdelwahed MAACH]; Democratic and Social

Movement or MDS [Mahmoud ARCHANE]; Democratic Socialist Party or PSD

[Aissa OUARDIGHI]; Democratic Union or UD [Bouazza IKKEN];

Environment and Development Party or PED [Ahmed EL ALAMI]; Front of

Democratic Forces or FFD [Thami EL KHYARI]; Istiqlal Party

(Independence Party) or PI [Abbas El FASSI]; Justice and Development

Party or PJD [Saad Eddine OTHMANI]; Moroccan Liberal Party or PML

[Mohamed ZIANE]; National Democratic Party or PND [Abdallah KADIRI];

National Ittihadi Congress Party or CNI [Abdelmajid BOUZOUBAA];

National Popular Movement or MNP [Mahjoubi AHERDANE]; National Rally

of Independents or RNI [Ahmed OSMAN]; National Union of Popular

Forces or UNFP [Abdellah IBRAHIM]; Parti Al Ahd or Al Ahd [Najib EL

OUAZZANI, chairman]; Party of Progress and Socialism or PPS [Ismail

ALAOUI]; Party of Renewal and Equity or PRE [Chakir ACHABAR]; Party

of the Unified Socialist Left or GSU [Mohamed Ben Said AIT IDDER];

Popular Movement or MP [Mohamed LAENSER]; Reform and Development

Party or PRD [Abderrahmane EL KOUHEN]; Social Center Party or PSC

[Lahcen MADIH]; Socialist Union of Popular Forces or USFP [Mohammed

El-YAZGHI]

Mozambique

Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de

Liberatacao de Mocambique) or Frelimo [Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO,

president]; Mozambique National Resistance-Electoral Union

(Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana-Uniao Eleitoral) or Renamo-UE

[Afonso DHLAKAMA, president]

Namibia

Congress of Democrats or COD [Ben ULENGA]; Democratic

Turnhalle Alliance of Namibia or DTA [Katuutire KAURA, president];

Monitor Action Group or MAG [Kosie PRETORIUS]; South West Africa

People's Organization or SWAPO [Sam Shafishuna NUJOMA]; United

Democratic Front or UDF [Justus GAROEB]

Nauru

loose multiparty system; Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG];

Nauru Party (informal) [leader NA]; Naoero Amo (Nauru First) Party

[leader NA]

Nepal

Communist Party of Nepal/United Marxist-Leninist or CPN/UML

[Madhav Kumar NEPAL, general secretary]; National Democratic Party

or NDP (also called Rastriya Prajantra Party or RPP) [Surya Bahadur

THAPA, chairman]; People's Front Nepal (Rastriya Jana Morcha)

[Chitra BAHADUR, chairman]; Nepal Sadbhavana (Goodwill) Party or NSP

[Bhadri Prasad MANDAL, acting party president]; Nepal Workers and

Peasants Party or NWPP [Narayan Man BIJUKCHHE, party chairman];

Nepali Congress or NC [Girija Prasad KOIRALA, party president;

Sushil KOIRALA, general secretary]; Nepali Congress-Democratic [Sher

Bahadur DEUBA, president]; Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal [NA leader]

Netherlands

Christian Democratic Appeal or CDA [Maxime Jacques

Marcel VERHAGEN]; Christian Union Party [Andre ROUVOET]; Democrats

66 or D66 [Boris DITTRICH]; Green Party [Femke HALSEMA]; Labor Party

or PvdA [Wouter BOS]; List Pim Fortuyn [Gerard van AS]; People's

Party for Freedom and Democracy (Liberal) or VVD [Jozias VAN

AARTSEN]; Socialist Party [Jan MARIJNISSEN]; plus a few minor parties

Netherlands Antilles

Antillean Restructuring Party or PAR [Etienne

YS]; C 93 [Stanley BROWN]; Democratic Party of Bonaire or PDB [Jopi

ABRAHAM]; Democratic Party of Curacao or DP [Errol HERNANDEZ];

Democratic Party of Sint Eustatius or DP-St. E [Julian WOODLEY];

Democratic Party of Sint Maarten or DP-St. M [Sarah

WESCOTT-WILLIAMS]; Foundation Energetic Management Anti-Narcotics or

FAME [Eric LODEWIJKS]; Labor Party People's Crusade or PLKP [Errol

COVA]; National Alliance [William MARLIN]; National People's Party

or PNP [Susanne F. C. CAMELIA-ROMER]; New Antilles Movement or MAN

[Kenneth GIJSBERTHA]; Patriotic Union of Bonaire or UPB [Ramonsito

BOOI]; Patriotic Movement of Sint Maarten or SPA [Vance JAMES, Jr.];

People's Party or PAPU [Richard HODI]; Pro Curacao Party or PPK

[Winston LOURENS]; Saba Democratic Labor Movement [Steve HASSELL];

Saba Unity Party [Carmen SIMMONDS]; St. Eustatius Alliance or SEA

[Kenneth VAN PUTTEN]; Serious Alternative People's Party or Sapp

[Julian ROLLOCKS]; Social Action Cause or KAS [Benny DEMEI];

Windward Islands People's Movement or WIPM [Will JOHNSTON]; Workers'

Liberation Front or FOL [Anthony GODETT, Rignald LAK, Editha WRIGHT]

note: political parties are indigenous to each island

New Caledonia

Alliance pour la Caledonie or APLC [Didier LE ROUX];

Caleonian Union or UC [leader NA]; Federation des Comites de

Coordination des Independantistes or FCCI [Francois BURCK]; Front

National or FN [Guy GEORGE]; Front Uni de Liberation Kanak or FULK

[Ernest UNE]; Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS

[leader NA] (includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM); Parti de Liberation

Kanak or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE and Elie POIGOUNE]; Rally for

Caledonia in the Republic (anti independent) or RPCR-UMP [Jacques

LAFLEUR]; The Future Together or AE [Harold MARTIN]; Union Nationale

pour l'Independance or UNI [Paul NEAOUTYINE]; note - may no longer

exist, but Paul NEAOUTYINE has since become a president of Parti de

Liberation Kanak or PALIKA; Union Progressiste Melanesienne or UPM

[Victor TUTUGORO]

New Zealand

ACT New Zealand [Richard PREBBLE]; Green Party [Jeanette

FITZSIMONS and Rod DONALD]; National Party or NP [Don BRASH]; New

Zealand First Party or NZFP [Winston PETERS]; New Zealand Labor

Party or NZLP [Helen CLARK]; Progressive Coalition [James (Jim)

ANDERTON]; United Future or UF [Peter DUNNE]

Nicaragua

Conservative Party of Nicaragua or PCN [Mario

RAPPACCIOLI]; Independent Liberal Party or PLI [Anibal MARTINEZ

Nunez, Pedro REYES Vallejos]; Nicaraguan Party of the Christian Path

or PCCN [Guillermo OSORNO Molina]; Nicaraguan Resistance Party or

PRN [Salvador TALAVERA]; Sandinista National Liberation Front or

FSLN [Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra]; Sandinista Renovation Movement or MRS

[leader NA]; Unity Alliance or AU [leader NA]; Liberal

Constitutional Party or PLC [Jorge CASTILLO Quant]; Alliance for the

Republic or APRE [Miguel LOPEZ Baldizon, Oscar WENDOLYN Vargas,

Karla WHITE]; Liberal Salvation Movement or MSL [Eliseo NUNEZ

Hernandez]; Christian Alternative Party or AC [Orlando TARDENCILLA

Espinoza]

Niger

Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ANDP [leader NA];

Democratic Rally of the People-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a [Hamid ALGABID];

Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or CDS-Rahama [Mahamane

OUSMANE]; National Movement for a Developing Society-Nassara or

MNSD-Nassara [Mamadou TANDJA, chairman]; Nigerien Alliance for

Democracy and Social Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDPS-Zaman Lahiya

[Moumouni Adamou DJERMAKOYE]; Nigerien Party for Democracy and

Socialism-Tarayya or PNDS-Tarayya [Mahamadou ISSOUFOU]; Party for

Socialism and Democracy in Niger [leader NA]; Rally for Democracy

and Progress or RDP [leader NA]; Union of Democratic Patriots and

Progressives-Chamoua or UPDP-Chamoua [Professor Andre' SALIFOU,

chairman]

Nigeria

Alliance for Democracy or AD [Alhaji Adamu ABDULKADIR]; All

Nigeria Peoples' Party or ANPP [Don ETIEBET]; All Progressives Grand

Alliance or APGA [Chekwas OKORIE]; National Democratic Party or NDP

[Aliyu Habu FARI]; Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Audu OGBEH];

Peoples Redemption Party or PRP [Abdulkadir Balarabe MUSA]; Peoples

Salvation Party or PSP [Lawal MAITURARE]; United Nigeria Peoples

Party or UNPP [Saleh JAMBO]

Niue

Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance of

Independents or AI [leader NA]

Norfolk Island

none

Northern Mariana Islands

Democratic Party [Dr. Carlos S. CAMACHO];

Republican Party [NA]; Covenant Party [Benigno R. FITIAL]

Norway

Center Party [Aslaug Marie HAGA]; Christian People's Party

[Dagfinn HOYBRATEN]; Coastal Party [Steinar BASTESEN]; Conservative

Party [Erna SOLBERG]; Labor Party [Jens STOLTENBERG]; Liberal Party

[Lars SPONHEIM]; Progress Party [Carl I. HAGEN]; Socialist Left

Party [Kristin HALVORSEN]

Oman

none

Pakistan

Awami National Party or ANP [Wali KHAN]; Balochistan

National Movement/Hayee Group or BNM/H [Dr. Hayee BALUCH]; Baluch

National Party-Mengal or BNP/M [Sardar Ataullah MENGAL]; Baluch

National Party/Awami or BNP/Awami [Moheem Khan BALOCH]; Jamhoori

Watan Party or JWP [Akbar Khan BUGTI]; Jamiat-al-Hadith or JAH

[Sajid MIR]; Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Fazlur Rehman faction or JUI/F

[Fazlur REHMAN]; Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Sami ul-HAQ faction or JUI/S

[Sami ul-HAQ]; Jamiat-i-Islami or JI [Qazi Hussain AHMED]; Jamiat

Ulema-i-Pakistan or JUP [Shah Faridul HAQ]]; Millat Party or MP

[Farooq LEGHARI]; Muttahida Qaumi Movement, Altaf faction or MQM/A

[Altaf HUSSAIN]; Muttahida Quami Movement, Haqiqi faction or MQM/H

[Afaq AHMAD]; Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal Pakistan or MMA [Qazi Hussain

AHMED]; National People's Party or NPP [Ghulam Mustapha JATOI];

Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party or PkMAP [Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI];

Pakhtun Quami Party or PQP [Mohammed Afzal KHAN]; Pakistan Awami

Tehrik or PAT [Tahir ul QADRI]; Pakistan Democratic Party or PDP

[Mehbooba Mufti SAYEED]; Pakistan Muslim League, Functional Group or

PML/F [Pir PAGARO]; Pakistan Muslim League, Nawaz Sharif faction or

PML/N [Nawaz SHARIF]; Pakistan Muslim League or PML [Chaudhry

Shujaat HUSSAIN]; note - as of May 2004, the PML/Q changed its name

to PML and absorbed the PML/J, PML/Z, and NA; Pakistan National

Party or PNP [Hasil BIZENJO]; Pakistan People's Party or PPP [Aftab

Ahmed Khan SHERPAO]; Pakistan People's Party Parliamentarians or

PPPP [Benazir BHUTTO]; Pakistan Tehrik-e-Insaaf or PTI [Imran KHAN];

Tehrik-i-Islami [Allama Sajid NAQVI]

note: political alliances in Pakistan can shift frequently

Palau

none

Panama

Democratic Change or CD [Ricardo MARTINELLI]; Democratic

Revolutionary Party or PRD [Martin TORRIJOS]; National Liberal Party

or PLN [Anibal GALINDO]; Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement or

MOLIRENA [Jesus ROSAS]; Panamenista Party or PA (formerly the

Arnulfista Party) [Mireya Elisa MOSCOSO Rodriguez]; Popular Party or

PP (formerly Christian Democratic Party or PDC) [Ruben AROSEMENA];

Solidarity Party or PS [Jose Raul MULINO]

Papua New Guinea

Christian Democratic Party [Dr.Banare BUN, party

leader]; Melanesian Alliance Party or MAP [Sir Moi AVEL, party

leader]; National Alliance Party or NA [Michael SOMARE, party

leader; George MANOA, party president]; National Party [Melchior

PEP, party leader]; Papua and Niugini Union Party or PANGU [Chris

HAIVETA, party leader]; Papua New Guinea First Party [Cecilking

DORUBA, party leader]; Papua New Guinea Labor Party [Bob DANAYA,

party leader]; Papua New Guinea Party [Sir Mekere MORAUTA, party

leader]; People's Action Party or PAP [Moses MALADINA, party

leader]; People's Labor Party or PLP [Ekis ROPENU, party leader];

People's National Congress or PNC [Peter O'NEILL, party leader];

People's Progressive Party or PPP [Andrew BAING, party leader];

Pipol First Party [Luther WENGE, party leader]; Rural People's Party

[Peter NAMUS, party leader]; United Party [Bire KIMASOPA, party

leader]; United Resources Party or URP [Tim NEVILLE, party leader]

(2004)

Paraguay

Asociacion Nacional Republicana - Colorado Party or ANR

[Herminio CACERES, interim president]; Patria Querida (Beloved

Fatherland Party) or PQ [Pedro Nicolas Maraa FADUL Niella];

Movimiento Union Nacional de Ciudadanos Eticos or UNACE [Enrique

GONZALEZ Quintana, acting chairman]; Partido Encuentro Nacional or

PEN [Luis TORALES Kenney]; Partido Liberal Radical Autentico or PLRA

[Julio Cesar FRANCO]; Partido Pais Solidario or PPS [Carlos Alberto

FILIZZOLA Pallares]; note - Nicanor DUARTE Frutos on leave as party

leader of the Colorado Party or ANR while serving as President of

Paraguay; Lino Cesar OVIEDO Silva, leader of UNACE, is currently

serving a ten-year prison term

Peru

Peruvian Aprista Party or PAP (also referred to by its original

name Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana or APRA) [Alan

GARCIA]; Independent Moralizing Front or FIM [Fernando OLIVERA

Vega]; National Unity (Unidad Nacional) or UN [Lourdes FLORES Nano];

Peru Posible or PP [David WAISMAN]; Popular Action or AP [Javier

DIAZ Orihuela]; Solucion Popular [Carlos BOLANA]; Somos Peru or SP

[Alberto ANDRADE]; Union for Peru or UPP [Roger GUERRA Garcia]

Philippines

Laban Ng Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle of Filipino

Democrats) or LDP [Edgardo ANGARA, president]; Lakas Ng Edsa

(National Union of Christian Democrats) or Lakas [Jose DE VENECIA,

president; Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, chairperson]; Liberal Party or

LP [Franklin DRILON, president; Jose ATIENZA, JR., chairman];

National People's Coalition or NPC [Eduardo COJUANGCO, chairman

emeritus; Frisco SAN JUAN, president]; PDP-Laban [Aquilino PIMENTEL,

president]; Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (Party of the Philippine

Masses) or PMP [Joseph ESTRADA, president; Juan Ponce ENRILE,

chairman]; Aksyon Demokratiko Party [Raul ROCO, president]; Reporma

[Renato DE VILLA, chairman]; PROMDI [Emilio OSMENA, president];

Nacionalista [Manuel VILLAR, president]; People's Reform Party

[Miriam Defensor SANTIAGO, president}

Pitcairn Islands

none

Poland

Catholic-National Movement or RKN [Antoni MACIEREWICZ];

Citizens Platform or PO [Donald TUSK]; Coalition Electoral Action

Solidarity of the Right or AWSP; Conservative Peasants Party or

SKL-RNP [Artur BALAZS]; Democratic Left Alliance or SLD [Krzysztof

JANIK]; Freedom Union or UW [Wladyslaw FRASYNIUK]; German Minority

of Lower Silesia or MNSO [Henryk KROLL]; Law and Justice or PiS

[Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI]; League of Polish Families or LPR [Marek

KOTLINOWSKI]; Movement for the Reconstruction of Poland or ROP [Jan

OLSZEWSKI]; Peasant-Democratic Party or PLD [Roman JAGIELINSKI];

Polish Accord or PP [Jan LOPUSZANSKI]; Polish Peasant Bloc or PBL

[Wojciech MOJZESOWICZ]; Polish Peasant Party or PSL [Janusz

WOJCIECHOWSKI]; Polish Raison d'Etat or PRS [Piotr MUSIAL];

Samoobrona or SO [Andrzej LEPPER]; Social Democratic Party of Poland

or SDPL [Marek BOROWSKI]; Social Movement or RS [Krzysztof

PIESIEWICZ]; Union of Labor or UP [Izabela JARUAGA-NOWACKA]

Portugal

Green Ecologist Party or PEV [Heloisa APOLONIA]; Popular

Party or PP [Paulo PORTAS]; Portuguese Communist Party or PCP

[Jeronimo de SOUSA]; Portuguese Socialist Party or PS [Jose SOCRATES

Carvalho Pinto de Sousa]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Pedro

Miguel SANTANA LOPES]; The Left Bloc or BE [Franciso Anacleto LOUCA]

Puerto Rico

National Democratic Party [Celeste BENITEZ]; National

Republican Party of Puerto Rico [Luis FERRE]; New Progressive Party

or PNP (pro-US statehood) [Pedro ROSSELLO]; Popular Democratic Party

or PPD (pro-commonwealth) [Anibal ACEVEDO-VILA]; Puerto Rican

Independence Party or PIP (pro-independence) [Ruben BERRIOS Martinez]

Qatar

none

Reunion

Communist Party of Reunion or PCR [Paul VERGES]; Rally for

the Republic or RPR [Andre Maurice PIHOUEE]; Socialist Party or PS

[Jean-Claude FRUTEAU]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Gilbert

GERARD]; Union for a Popular Movement or UMP [leader NA]

Romania

Democratic Party or PD [Emil BOC]; Democratic Union of

Hungarians in Romania or UDMR [Bela MARKO]; Humanist Party or PUR

[Dan VOICULESCU]; National Liberal Party or PNL [Calin Popescu

TARICEANU]; Romania Mare Party (Greater Romanian Party) or PRM

[Corneliu Vadim TUDOR]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Adrian

NASTASE], formerly known as the Party of Social Democracy in Romania

or PDSR

Russia

Communist Party of the Russian Federation or CPRF [Gennadiy

Andreyevich ZYUGANOV]; Liberal Democratic Party of Russia or LDPR

[Vladimir Volfovich ZHIRINOVSKIY]; Motherland Bloc (Rodina) [Dmitriy

ROGOZIN]; People's Party [Gennadiy RAYKOV]; Union of Rightist Forces

or SPS [Anatoliy Borisovich CHUBAYS, Yegor Timurovich GAYDAR, Irina

Mutsuovna KHAKAMADA, Boris Yefimovich NEMTSOV]; United Russia [Boris

Vyacheslavovich GRYZLOV]; Yabloko Party [Grigoriy Alekseyevich

YAVLINSKIY]

Rwanda

Centrist Democratic Party or PDC [Alfred MUKEZAMFURA]; Social

Democratic Party or PSD [Vincent BIRUTA]; Democratic Popular Union

of Rwanda or UDPR [Adrien RANGIRA ]; Democratic Republican Movement

or MDR (officially banned) [Celestin KABANDA]; Islamic Democratic

Party or PDI [Andre BUMAYA]; Liberal Party or PL [Prosper HIGIRO];

Party for Democratic Renewal (officially banned) [Pasteur BIZIMUNGU

and Charles NTAKARUTINKA]; Rwandan Patriotic Front or RPF [Paul

KAGAME]

Saint Helena

none

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Concerned Citizens Movement or CCM [Vance

AMORY]; Nevis Reformation Party or NRP [Joseph PARRY]; People's

Action Movement or PAM [Lindsey GRANT]; Saint Kitts and Nevis Labor

Party or SKNLP [Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS]

Saint Lucia

National Alliance or NA [George ODLUM]; Saint Lucia

Freedom Party or SFP [Martinus FRANCOIS]; Saint Lucia Labor Party or

SLP [Kenneth ANTHONY]; Sou Tout Apwe Fete Fini or STAFF [Christopher

HUNTE]; United Workers Party or UWP [Dr. Morella JOSEPH]

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

PRG [leader NA]; Rassemblement pour la

Republique or RPR (now UMP) [leader NA]; Socialist Party or PS

[leader NA]; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF [leader NA]

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

National Reform Party or NRP [Joel

MIGUEL]; New Democratic Party or NDP [Arnhim EUSTACE]; People's

Progressive Movement or PPM [Ken BOYEA]; Progressive Labor Party or

PLP [leader NA]; United People's Movement or UPM [Adrian SAUNDERS];

Unity Labor Party or ULP [Ralph GONSALVES] (formed by the coalition

of Saint Vincent Labor Party or SVLP and the Movement for National

Unity or MNU)

Samoa

Christian Democratic Party [leader NA]; Human Rights

Protection Party or HRPP [Sailele Malielegaoi TUILA'EPA, chairman];

Samoa All People's Party or SAPP [Matatumua MAIMOANA]; Samoan

National Development Party or SNDP [LE MAMEA Ropati, chairman]

(opposition); Samoa National Party [FETU Tiatia, party secretary];

Samoan Progressive Conservative Party [LEOTA Ituau Ale]; Samoan

United Independents Party or SUIP [Dr. Saleimoa VAAI]

San Marino

Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in

Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN [leader

NA]; Party of Democrats or PD [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Christian

Democratic Party or PDCS [Giovanni LONFERNINI]; San Marino Popular

Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San Marino

Socialist Party or PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI]; Socialists for Reform or

SR [Renzo GIARDI]

Sao Tome and Principe

Democratic Renovation Party [Armindo GRACA];

Force for Change Democratic Movement [leader NA]; Independent

Democratic Action or ADI [Carlos NEVES]; Movement for the Liberation

of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD

[Manuel Pinto Da COSTA]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD

[Aldo BANDEIRA]; Ue-Kedadji coalition [leader NA]; other small

parties

Saudi Arabia

none

Senegal

African Party for Democracy and Socialism or And Jef (also

known as PADS/AJ) [Landing SAVANE, secretary general]; African Party

of Independence [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance of Forces of Progress or

AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]; Democratic and Patriotic Convention or CDP

(also known as Garab-Gi) [Dr. Iba Der THIAM]; Democratic

League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front

for Socialism and Democracy or FSD [Cheikh Abdoulaye DIEYE]; Gainde

Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]; Independence and Labor Party

or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; National Democratic Rally or RND [Madier

DIOUF]; Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE];

Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]; SOPI Coalition (a

coalition led by the PDS) [Abdoulaye WADE]; Union for Democratic

Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]; other small parties

Serbia and Montenegro

Democratic Party or DS [Boris TADIC];

Democratic Party of Serbia or DSS [Vojislav KOSTUNICA]; Democratic

Party of Socialists of Montenegro or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC];

Democratic Serbian Party of Montenegro or DSS [Bozidar BOJOVIC]; G17

Plus [Miroljub LABUS]; New Serbia or NS [Velimir ILIC]; Liberal

Party of Montenegro or LSCG [Miodrag ZIVKOVIC]; People's Party of

Montenegro or NS [Dragan SOC]; Power of Serbia Movement or PSS

[Bogoljub KARIC]; Serbian Radical Party or SRS [Tomislav NIKOLIC];

Serbian Renewal Movement or SPO [Vuk DRASKOVIC]; Serbian Socialist

Party or SPS (former Communist Party and party of Slobodan

MILOSEVIC) [Ivica DACIC, president of Main Board]; Social Democratic

Party of Montenegro or SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC]; Socialist People's

Party of Montenegro or SNP [Predrag BULATOVIC]

note: the following political parties participate in elections and

institutions only in Kosovo, which has been governed by the UN under

UNSCR 1244 since 1999: Albanian Christian Democratic Party or PSHDK

[Mark KRASNIQI]; Alliance for the Future of Kosovo or AAK [Ramush

HARADINAJ]; Citizens' Initiative of Serbia or GIS [Slavisa

PETKOVIC]; Democratic Ashkali Party of Kosovo or PDAK [Sabit

RRAHMANI]; Democratic League of Kosovo or LDK [Ibrahim RUGOVA];

Democratic Party of Kosovo or PDK [Hashim THACI]; Justice Party of

PD [Sylejman CERKEZI]; Kosovo Democratic Turkish Party of KDTP

[Mahir YAGCILAR]; Liberal Party of Kosovo or PLK [Gjergj DEDAJ]; Ora

[Veton SURROI]; New Democratic Initiative of Kosovo or IRDK [Bislim

HOTI]; Party of Democratic Action or SDA [Numan BALIC]; Popular

Movement of Kosovo or LPK [Emrush XHEMAJLI]; Prizren-Dragas

Initiative or PDI [Ismajl KARADOLAMI]; Serb List for Kosovo and

Metohija or SLKM [Oliver IVANOVIC]; United Roma Party of Kosovo or

PREBK [Haxhi Zylfi MERXHA]; Vakat [leader NA]

Seychelles

Democratic Party or DP [James MANCHAM, Daniel BELLE];

Mouvement Seychellois pour la Democratie [Jacques HODOUL];

Seychelles National Party or SNP (formerly the United Opposition or

UO) [Wavel RAMKALAWAN]; Seychelles People's Progressive Front or

SPPF [France Albert RENE, James MICHEL] - the governing party

Sierra Leone

All People's Congress or APC [Ben KANU]; Peace and

Liberation Party or PLP [Darlington MORRISON, interim chairman];

Sierra Leone People's Party or SLPP [Sama BANYA]; numerous others

Singapore

governing party: People's Action Party or PAP [LEE Hsien

Loong]; opposition parties: Democratic Progressive Party or DPP

[LING How Dong]; National Solidarity Party or NSP [vacant] (SDA

group); Singapore Democratic Alliance or SDA [CHIAM See Tong]

(includes SPP, PKMS, NSP, SJP); Singapore Democratic Party or SDP

[CHEE Soon Juan]; Singapore Justice Party or SJP [Desmond LIM] (SDA

group); Singapore National Malay Organization or PKMS [Malik ISMAIL]

(SDA group); Singapore People's Party or SPP [CHIAM See Tong] (SDA

group); Workers' Party or WP [Sylvia Lim Swee LIAN]

Slovakia

Christian Democratic Movement or KDH [Pavol HRUSOVSKY];

Direction (Smer) [Robert FICO]; Free Forum [Zuzana MARTINAKOVA];

Movement for Democracy or HZD [Jozef GRAPA]; Movement for a

Democratic Slovakia-People's Party or HZDS-LS [Vladimir MECIAR]; New

Citizens Alliance or ANO [Pavol RUSKO]; Party of the Hungarian

Coalition or SMK [Bela BUGAR]; People's Union or LU [Gustav KRAJCI];

Slovak Communist Party or KSS [Jozef SEVC]; Slovak Democratic and

Christian Union or SDKU [Mikulas DZURINDA]; Slovak National Party or

SNS [Peter SULOVSKY]

Slovenia

Democratic Party of Retired (Persons) of Slovenia or DeSUS

[Anton ROUS]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDS [Anton ROP]; New

Slovenia or NSi [Andrej BAJUK]; Slovene Democratic Party or SDS

[Janez Jansa]; Slovene National Party or SNS [Zmago JELINCIC];

Slovene People's Party or SLS [Janez PODOBNIK]; Slovene Youth Party

or SMS [Darko KRANJC]; United List of Social Democrats or ZLSD

[Borut PAHOR]

Solomon Islands

Association of Independents [Snyder RINI]; People's

Alliance Party or PAP [Allan KEMAKEZA]; People's Progressive Party

or PPP [Mannaseh Damukana SOGAVARE]; Solomon Islands Alliance for

Change Coalition or SIACC [Bartholomew ULUFA'ALU]; Solomon Islands

Labor Party or SILP [Joses TUHANUKU]

note: in general, Solomon Islands politics is characterized by fluid

coalitions

Somalia

none

South Africa

African Christian Democratic Party or ACDP [Kenneth

MESHOE, president]; African National Congress or ANC [Thabo MBEKI,

president]; Democratic Alliance or DA (formed from the merger of the

Democratic Party or DP and the Freedom Alliance or FA) [Anthony

LEON]; Inkatha Freedom Party or IFP [Mangosuthu BUTHELEZI,

president]; New National Party or NNP [Marthinus VAN SCHALKWYK];

Pan-Africanist Congress or PAC [Stanley MOGOBA, president]; United

Democratic Movement or UDM [Bantu HOLOMISA]

Spain

Basque Nationalist Party or PNV [Josu Jon IMAZ]; Canarian

Coalition or CC (a coalition of five parties) [Paulino RIVERO

Baute]; Convergence and Union or CiU [Artur MAS i Gavarro] (a

coalition of the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia or CDC [Artur

MAS i Gavarro] and the Democratic Union of Catalonia or UDC [Josep

Antoni DURAN y LLEIDA]); Entesa Catalonia de Progress (a Senate

coalition grouping four Catalan parties - PSC, ERC, ICV, EUA)

[leader NA]; Galician Nationalist Bloc or BNG [Anxo Manuel

QUINTANA]; Party of Independents from Lanzarote or PIL [Dimas MARTIN

Martin]; Popular Party or PP [Mariano RAJOY]; Republican Left of

Catalonia or ERC [Josep-Lluis CAROD-ROVIRA]; Spanish Socialist

Workers Party or PSOE [Jose Luis RODRIGUEZ ZAPATERO]; United Left or

IU (a coalition of parties including the PCE and other small

parties) [Gaspar LLAMAZARES]

Sri Lanka

All Ceylon Tamil Congress or ACTC [KUMARGURUPARAM]; Ceylon

Workers Congress or CWC [Arumugam THONDAMAN]; Communist Party or CP

[D. GUNASEKERA]; Democratic United National (Lalith) Front or DUNLF

[Shrimani ATULATHMUDALI]; Eelam People's Democratic Party or EPDP

[Douglas DEVANANDA]; Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front

or EPRLF [Suresh PREMACHANDRAN]; Janatha Vimukthi Perumuna or JVP

[Tilvan SILVA]; National Unity Alliance or NUA [Ferial ASHRAFF];

National Heritage Party or JHU [Tilak KARUNARATNE]; People's

Liberation Organization of Tamil Eelam or PLOTE [leader NA]; Sihala

Urumaya or SU [leader NA]; Sri Lanka Freedom Party or SLFP

[Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA]; Sri Lanka Muslim Congress or

SLMC [Rauff HAKEEM]; Sri Lanka Progressive Front or SLPF [P. Nelson

PERERA]; Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization or TELO [SABARATNAM];

Tamil National Alliance or TNA [R.SAMPANTHAN]; Tamil United

Liberation Front or TULF [V. ANANDASANGAREE]; United National Party

or UNP [Ranil WICKREMASINGHE]; Up-country People's Front or UPF [P.

CHANDRASEKARAN]; several ethnic Tamil and Muslim parties,

represented in either Parliament or provincial councils

Sudan

the government allows political "associations" under a 1998

law revised in 2000; to obtain government approval parties must

accept the constitution and refrain from advocating or using

violence against the regime; approved parties include the National

Congress Party or NCP [Ibrahim Ahmed UMAR], Popular National

Congress or PNC [Hassan al-TURABI], and over 20 minor,

pro-government parties

Suriname

Democratic Alternative '91 or DA '91 (a coalition of the

Alternative Forum or AF and Party for Brotherhood and Unity in

Politics or BEP, formed in January 1991) [Winston JESSURUN];

Democratic National Platform 2000 or DNP 2000 (coalition of two

parties, Democratic Party and Democrats of the 21st Century) [Jules

WIJDENBOSCH]; Independent Progressive Democratic Alternative or OPDA

[Joginder RAMKHILAWAN]; Millennium Combination or MC (a coalition of

three parties, Democratic Alternative, Party for National Unity and

Solidarity, and National Democratic Party) [leader NA]; National

Democratic Party or NDP [Desire BOUTERSE]; Naya Kadam or NK [leader

NA]; Party for Renewal and Democracy or BVD [Tjan GOBARDHAN]; Party

of National Unity and Solidarity or KTPI [Willy SOEMITA]; Pertjaja

Luhur [Paul SOMOHARDJO]; Progressive Workers' and Farm Laborers'

Union or PALU [Ir Iwan KROLIS]; The New Front or NF (a coalition of

four parties Suriname National Party or NPS, Progressive Reform

Party or VHP, Suriname Labor Party or SPA, and Pertjaja Luhur)

[Runaldo Ronald VENETIAAN]; The Progressive Development Alliance (a

combination of three parties, Renewed Progressive Party or HPP,

Party of the Federation of Land Workers or PVF, and Suriname

Progressive People's Party or PSV) [Harry KISOENSINGH]

Swaziland

political parties are banned by the constitution - the

following are considered political associations; Imbokodvo National

Movement or INM [leader NA]; Ngwane National Liberatory Congress or

NNLC [Obed DLAMINI, president]; People's United Democratic Movement

or PUDEMO [Mario MASUKU, president]; Swaziland National Front or

SWANAFRO [Elmond SHONGWE, president]

Sweden

Center Party [Maud OLOFSSON]; Christian Democratic Party

[Goran HAGGLUND]; Green Party [no formal leader but party

spokespersons are Maria WETTERSTRAND and Peter ERIKSSON]; Left Party

or V (formerly Communist) [Lars OHLY]; Liberal People's Party [Lars

LEIJONBORG]; Moderate Party (conservative) [Fredrik REINFELDT];

Social Democratic Party [Goran PERSSON]

Switzerland

Green Party (Grune Partei der Schweiz or Grune, Parti

Ecologiste Suisse or Les Verts, Partito Ecologista Svizzero or I

Verdi, Partida Ecologica Svizra or La Verda) [Ruth GENNER];

Christian Democratic People's Party (Christichdemokratische

Volkspartei der Schweiz or CVP, Parti Democrate-Chretien Suisse or

PDC, Partito Democratico-Cristiano Popolare Svizzero or PDC, Partida

Cristiandemocratica dalla Svizra or PCD) [Doris LEUTHARD,

president]; Radical Free Democratic Party (Freisinnig-Demokratische

Partei der Schweiz or FDP, Parti Radical-Democratique Suisse or PRD,

Partitio Liberal-Radicale Svizzero or PLR) [Marianne

KLEINER-SCHLAEPFER, president]; Social Democratic Party

(Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz or SPS, Parti Socialist

Suisse or PSS, Partito Socialista Svizzero or PSS, Partida

Socialdemocratica de la Svizra or PSS) [Hans-Juerg FEHR, president];

Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, Union

Democratique du Centre or UDC, Unione Democratica de Centro or UDC,

Uniun Democratica dal Center or UDC) [Ueli MAURER, president]; and

other minor parties

Syria

National Progressive Front or NPF (includes Arab Socialist

Renaissance (Ba'th) Party; the governing party) [President Bashar

al-ASAD, secretary general]; Socialist Unionist Democratic Party

[Fadlallal Nasr Al-DIN]; Syrian Communist Party (two branches)

[Wissal Farha BAKDASH, Yuusuf Rashid FAYSAL]; Unionist Socialist

Party [Fayez ISMAIL]; Arab Socialist Unionist Movement [Ahmed

al-AHMED]; Syrian Arab Socialist Party or ASP [Safwan QUDSI]);

Syrian Social National Party [Jubran URAYJI]

Taiwan

Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [SU Tseng-chang,

chairman]; Kuomintang or KMT (Nationalist Party) [LIEN Chan,

chairman]; People First Party or PFP [James SOONG (SOONG Chu-yu),

chairman]; Taiwan Solidarity Union or TSU [SU Chin-chiang,

chairman]; other minor parties including the Chinese New Party or CNP

Tajikistan

Democratic Party or DPT [Mahmadruzi ISKANDAROV]; Islamic

Revival Party [Said Abdullo NURI]; People's Democratic Party of

Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMONOV]; Social Democratic Party or

SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOIROV]; Socialist Party or SPT [Mirhuseyn

NAZRIYEV]; Tajik Communist Party or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV]

Tanzania

Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Party of Democracy and

Development) or CHADEMA [Bob MAKANI]; Chama Cha Mapinduzi or CCM

(Revolutionary Party) [Benjamin William MKAPA]; Civic United Front

or CUF [Ibrahim LIPUMBA]; Democratic Party (unregistered)

[Christopher MTIKLA]; Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Augustine

Lyatonga MREMA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [John CHEYO]

Thailand

Democrat Party or DP (Prachathipat Party) [BANYAT

Bantadtan]; People's Party or PP (Mahachon Party) [ANEK

Laothamatas]; Thai Nation Party or TNP (Chat Thai Party) [BARNHARN

SILPA-ARCHA]; Thai Rak Thai Party or TRT [THAKSIN Chinnawat]

Togo

Juvento [Monsilia DJATO]; Movement of the Believers of Peace

and Equality or MOCEP [leader NA]; Rally for the Support for

Development and Democracy or RSDD [Harryy OLYMPIO]; Rally of the

Togolese People or RPT [President Gnassingbe EYADEMA]; Union for

Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Gagou KOKOU]

note: Rally of the Togolese People or RPT, led by President EYADEMA,

was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was

legalized 12 April 1991

Tokelau

none

Tonga

there are no political parties

Trinidad and Tobago

National Alliance for Reconstruction or NAR

[Lennox SANKERSINGH]; People's National Movement or PNM [Patrick

MANNING]; Team Unity or TU [Ramesh MAHARAJ]; United National

Congress or UNC [Basdeo PANDAY]; Democratic Action Committee or DAC

[Hochoy CHARLES], note - only active in Tobago

Tunisia

Al-Tajdid Movement [Ali HALOUANI]; Constitutional Democratic

Rally Party (Rassemblement Constitutionnel Democratique) or RCD

[President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI (official ruling party)]; Liberal

Social Party or PSL [Mounir BEJI]; Movement of Socialist Democrats

or MDS [Ismail BOULAHYA]; Popular Unity Party or PUP [Mohamed

BOUCHIHA]; Progressive Democratic Party [Nejib CHEBBI]; Unionist

Democratic Union or UDU [Abderrahmane TLILI]

Turkey

Democratic Left Party or DSP [Mehmet Zeki SEZER]; Democratic

People's Party or DEHAP [Tuncer BAKIRHAN]; Justice and Development

Party or AKP [Recep Tayip ERDOGAN]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP

[Emin SIRIN]; Motherland Party or ANAP [leader NA]; Nationalist

Action Party or MHP [Devlet BAHCELI]; Republican People's Party or

CHP (includes the New Turkey Party) [Deniz BAYKAL]; Felicity Party

(sometimes translated as Contentment Party) or SP [Necmettin

ERBEKAN]; Social Democratic People's Party or SHP [Murat

KARAYALCIN]; True Path Party (sometimes translated as Correct Way

Party) or DYP [Mehmet AGAR]

note: the parties listed above are some of the more significant of

the 49 parties that Turkey had on 1 December 2004

Turkmenistan

Democratic Party of Turkmenistan or DPT [Saparmurat

NIYAZOV]

note: formal opposition parties are outlawed; unofficial, small

opposition movements exist underground or in foreign countries; the

two most prominent opposition groups-in-exile have been Gundogar and

Erkin; Gundogar was led by former Foreign Minister Boris

SHIKHMURADOV until his arrest and imprisonment in the wake of the 25

November 2002 assassination attempt on President NIYAZOV; Erkin is

led by former Foreign Minister Abdy KULIEV and is based out of

Moscow; the Union of Democratic Forces, a coalition of

opposition-in-exile groups, is based in Europe

Turks and Caicos Islands

People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Derek

H. TAYLOR]; Progressive National Party or PNP [Michael Eugene

MISICK]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Wendal SWANN]

Tuvalu

there are no political parties but members of Parliament

usually align themselves in informal groupings

Uganda

only one political organization, the Movement (formerly the

NRM)[President MUSEVENI, chairman] is allowed to operate unfettered;

note - the president maintains that the Movement is not a political

party, but a mass organization, which claims the loyalty of all

Ugandans

note: the constitution requires the suspension of political parties

while the Movement organization is in governance; of the political

parties that exist but are prohibited from sponsoring candidates,

the most important are the Ugandan People's Congress or UPC [Milton

OBOTE]; Democratic Party or DP [Paul SSEMOGERERE]; Conservative

Party or CP [Ken LUKYAMUZI]; Justice Forum [Muhammad Kibirige

MAYANJA]; and National Democrats Forum [Chapaa KARUHANGA]

Ukraine

Agrarian Party [Volodymyr LYTVYN]; Communist Party of

Ukraine or CPU [Petro SYMONENKO]; Democratic Initiatives [Stepan

HAVRYSH]; Industrialists and Entrepreneurs [Anatoliy KINAKH]; Our

Ukraine bloc (comprised of several parties the most prominent of

which are Rukh, the Ukrainian People's Party, Reforms and Order, and

Solidarity) [Viktor YUSHCHENKO]; People's Democratic Party or PDP

[Valeriy PUSTOVOYTENKO]; Regions of Ukraine [Viktor YANUKOVYCH];

Socialist Party of Ukraine or SPU [Oleksandr MOROZ, chairman];

United Social Democratic Party [Viktor MEDVEDCHUK]; Working Ukraine

[Serhiy TYHYPKO]; Yuliya Tymoshenko Bloc [Yuliya TYMOSHENKO]

note: as well as numerous smaller parties; United Ukraine and Center

Group are not actual political parties, but rather deputy groups

(factions not based on a party)

United Arab Emirates

none

United Kingdom

Conservative and Unionist Party [Michael HOWARD];

Democratic Unionist Party (Northern Ireland) [Rev. Ian PAISLEY];

Labor Party [Anthony (Tony) BLAIR]; Liberal Democrats [Charles

KENNEDY]; Party of Wales (Plaid Cymru) [Dafydd IWAN]; Scottish

National Party or SNP [Alex SALMOND]; Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland)

[Gerry ADAMS]; Social Democratic and Labor Party or SDLP (Northern

Ireland) [Mark DURKAN]; Ulster Unionist Party (Northern Ireland)

[David TRIMBLE]

United States

Democratic Party [Terence McAULIFFE]; Green Party

[leader NA]; Libertarian Party [Steve DASBACH]; Republican Party

[Edward GILLESPIE]

Uruguay

Colorado Party [Jorge BATLLE Ibanez]; National Party or

Blanco [Luis Alberto LACALLE Herrera]; New Sector/Space Coalition or

Nuevo Espacio [Rafael MICHELINI]; Progressive Encounter/Broad Front

Coalition or Encuentro Progresista/Frente Amplio [Tabare VAZQUEZ]

Uzbekistan

Adolat (Justice) Social Democratic Party [Dilorom

TOSHMUHAMMADOVA, chairman]; Democratic National Rebirth Party (Milly

Tiklanish) or MTP [Xurshid DOSTMUHAMMADOV, chief]; Liberal

Democratic Party of Uzbekistan or LDPU [Adham SHODMONOV, chairman];

People's Democratic Party or NDP (formerly Communist Party)

[Asliddin RUSTAMOV, first secretary]; Self-Sacrificers Party or

Fidokorlar National Democratic Party [Ahtam TURSUNOV, chief]; note -

Fatherland Progress Party merged with Self-Sacrificers Party

Vanuatu

Jon Frum Movement [Song KEASPAI]; Melanesian Progressive

Party or MPP [Barak SOPE]; National United Party or NUP [NA]; Union

of Moderate Parties or UMP [Serge VOHOR]; Vanua'aku Pati (Our Land

Party) or VP [Edward NATAPEI]; Vanuatu Republican Party or VRP

[Maxime Carlot KORMAN]; Greens (Vanuatu) [Moana CARCASSES]

Venezuela

Democratic Action or AD [Henry RAMOS Allup]; Fifth

Republic Movement or MVR [Hugo CHAVEZ]; Homeland for All or PPT

[Jose ALBORNOZ]; Justice First [Julio BORGES]; Movement Toward

Socialism or MAS [Hector MUJICA]; National Convergence or

Convergencia [Juan Jose CALDERA]; Radical Cause or La Causa R

[Andres VELASQUEZ]; Social Christian Party or COPEI [Eduardo

FERNANDEZ]; Venezuela Project or PV [Henrique SALAS Romer]

Vietnam

only party - Communist Party of Vietnam or CPV [Nong Duc

Manh, general secretary]

Virgin Islands

Democratic Party [Arturo WATLINGTON]; Independent

Citizens' Movement or ICM [Usie RICHARDS]; Republican Party [Gary

SPRAUVE]

Wallis and Futuna

Lua Kae Tahi (Giscardians) [leader NA]; Mouvement

des Radicaux de Gauche or MRG [leader NA]; Rally for the Republic or

RPR [Clovis LOGOLOGOFOLAU]; Taumu'a Lelei [Soane Muni UHILA]; Union

Populaire Locale or UPL [Falakiko GATA]; Union Pour la Democratie

Francaise or UDF [leader NA]

Yemen

there are more than 12 political parties active in Yemen, some

of the more prominent are: General People's Congress or GPC

[President Ali Abdallah SALIH]; Islamic Reform Grouping or Islah

[Shaykh Abdallah bin Husayn al-AHMAR]; National Arab Socialist Ba'th

Party [Dr. Qassim SALAAM]; Nasserite Unionist Party [Abdel Malik

al-MAKHLAFI]; Yemeni Socialist Party or YSP [Ali Salih MUQBIL]

note: President SALIH's General People's Congress or GPC won a

landslide victory in the April 1997 legislative election and no

longer governs in coalition with Shaykh Abdallah bin Husayn

al-AHMAR's Islamic Reform Grouping or Islah - the two parties had

been in coalition since the end of the civil war in 1994; the YSP, a

loyal opposition party, represents the remnants of the former South

Yemeni leadership; leaders of the 1994 secessionist movement have

been pardoned by President SALIH and some are now returning to Yemen

from exile

Zambia

Agenda for Zambia or AZ [Inonge MBIKUSITA-LEWANIKA]; Forum

for Democracy and Development or FDD [Christon TEMBO]; Heritage

Party or HP [Godfrey MIYANDA]; Liberal Progressive Front or LPF

[Roger CHONGWE, president]; Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD

[Levy MWANAWASA, acting president]; National Leadership for

Development or NLD [Yobert SHAMAPANDE]; National Party or NP [Dr.

Sam CHIPUNGU]; Patriotic Front or PF [Michael SATA]; Zambian

Republican Party or ZRP [Benjamin MWILA]; Social Democratic Party or

SDP [Gwendoline KONIE]; United National Independence Party or UNIP

[Francis NKHOMA, president]; United Party for National Development

or UPND [Anderson MAZOKA]

Zimbabwe

Movement for Democratic Change or MDC [Morgan TSVANGIRAI];

National Alliance for Good Governance or NAGG [Shakespeare MAYA];

United Parties [Abel MUZOREWA]; Zimbabwe African National

Union-Ndonga or ZANU-Ndonga [Wilson KUMBULA]; Zimbabwe African

National Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF [Robert Gabriel MUGABE];

Zimbabwe African Peoples Union or ZAPU [Agrippa MADLELA]

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

======================================================================

@2119 Population

Afghanistan

28,513,677 (July 2004 est.)

Akrotiri

no indigenous inhabitants

note: approximately 1,300 military personnel are on the base; note -

there are another 5,000 British citizens who are families of

military personnel or civilian staff on both Akrotiri and Dhekelia;

Cyprus citizens work on the base, but do not live there

Albania

3,544,808 (July 2004 est.)

Algeria

32,129,324 (July 2004 est.)

American Samoa

57,902 (July 2004 est.)

Andorra

69,865 (July 2004 est.)

Angola

10,978,552 (July 2004 est.)

Anguilla

13,008 (July 2004 est.)

Antarctica

no indigenous inhabitants, but there are both permanent

and summer-only staffed research stations

note: 26 nations, all signatory to the Antarctic Treaty, operate

seasonal (summer) and year-round research stations on the continent

and in its surrounding oceans; the population of persons doing and

supporting science on the continent and its nearby islands south of

60 degrees south latitude (the region covered by the Antarctic

Treaty) varies from approximately 4,000 in summer to 1,000 in

winter; in addition, approximately 1,000 personnel including ship's

crew and scientists doing onboard research are present in the waters

of the treaty region; summer (January) population - 3,687 total;

Argentina 302, Australia 201, Belgium 13, Brazil 80, Bulgaria 16,

Chile 352, China 70, Finland 11, France 100, Germany 51, India 60,

Italy 106, Japan 136, South Korea 14, Netherlands 10, NZ 60, Norway

40, Peru 28, Poland 70, Russia 254, South Africa 80, Spain 43,

Sweden 20, UK 192, US 1,378 (1998-99); winter (July) population -

964 total; Argentina 165, Australia 75, Brazil 12, Chile 129, China

33, France 33, Germany 9, India 25, Japan 40, South Korea 14, NZ 10,

Poland 20, Russia 102, South Africa 10, UK 39, US 248 (1998-99);

research stations operated within the Antarctic Treaty area (south

of 60 degrees south) by members of the Council of Managers of

National Antarctic Programs (COMNAP): year-round stations - 37

total; Argentina 6, Australia 3, Brazil 1, Chile 4, China 2, France

1, Germany 1, India 1, Japan 1, South Korea 1, NZ 1, Poland 1,

Russia 6, South Africa 1, Ukraine 1, UK 2, US 3, Uruguay 1 (2004);

summer-only stations - 36 total; Argentina 8, Australia 2, Bulgaria

1, Chile 5, Ecuador 1, Finland 1, Germany 1, India 1, Italy 1, Japan

3, Norway 2, Peru 1, Russia 2, South Africa 1, Spain 2, Sweden 2, UK

1, Italy and France jointly 1 (2003-2004); in addition, during the

austral summer some nations have numerous occupied locations such as

tent camps, summer-long temporary facilities, and mobile traverses

in support of research

Antigua and Barbuda

68,320 (July 2004 est.)

Argentina

39,144,753 (July 2004 est.)

Armenia

2,991,360

note: Armenia's first census since independence was conducted in

October 2001 (July 2004 est.)

Aruba

71,218 (July 2004 est.)

Ashmore and Cartier Islands

no indigenous inhabitants

note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and

fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island (July 2004 est.)

Australia

19,913,144 (July 2004 est.)

Austria

8,174,762 (July 2004 est.)

Azerbaijan

7,868,385 (July 2004 est.)

Bahamas, The

299,697

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Bahrain

677,886

note: includes 235,108 non-nationals (July 2004 est.)

Baker Island

uninhabited

note: American civilians evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air and

naval attacks during World War II; occupied by US military during

World War II, but abandoned after the war; public entry is by

special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only and

generally restricted to scientists and educators; a cemetery and

remnants of structures from early settlement are located near the

middle of the west coast; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife

Service (2004 est.)

Bangladesh

141,340,476 (July 2004 est.)

Barbados

278,289 (July 2004 est.)

Bassas da India

uninhabited (July 2004 est.)

Belarus

10,310,520 (July 2004 est.)

Belgium

10,348,276 (July 2004 est.)

Belize

272,945 (July 2004 est.)

Benin

7,250,033

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Bermuda

64,935 (July 2004 est.)

Bhutan

2,185,569

note: other estimates range as low as 810,000 (July 2004 est.)

Bolivia

8,724,156 (July 2004 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

4,007,608 (July 2004 est.)

Botswana

1,561,973

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Bouvet Island

uninhabited (July 2004 est.)

Brazil

184,101,109

note: Brazil took a count in August 2000, which reported a

population of 169,799,170; that figure was about 3.3% lower than

projections by the US Census Bureau, and is close to the implied

underenumeration of 4.6% for the 1991 census; estimates for this

country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality

due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant

mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and

changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would

otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)

British Indian Ocean Territory

no indigenous inhabitants

note: approximately 1,200 former agricultural workers resident in

the Chagos Archipelago, often referred to as Chagossians or Ilois,

were relocated to Mauritius and the Seychelles in the 1960s and

1970s, in November 2000 they were granted the right of return by a

British High Court ruling, though no timetable has been set; in

2001, there were approximately 1,500 UK and US military personnel

and 2,000 civilian contractors living on the island of Diego Garcia

(July 2004 est.)

British Virgin Islands

22,187 (July 2004 est.)

Brunei

365,251 (July 2004 est.)

Bulgaria

7,517,973 (July 2004 est.)

Burkina Faso

13,574,820

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Burma

42,720,196

note: estimates for this country take into account the effects of

excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life

expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Burundi

6,231,221

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Cambodia

13,363,421

note: estimates for this country take into account the effects of

excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life

expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Cameroon

16,063,678

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Canada

32,507,874 (July 2004 est.)

Cape Verde

415,294 (July 2004 est.)

Cayman Islands

43,103 (July 2004 est.)

Central African Republic

3,742,482

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Chad

9,538,544 (July 2004 est.)

Chile

15,823,957 (July 2004 est.)

China

1,298,847,624 (July 2004 est.)

Christmas Island

396 (July 2004 est.)

Clipperton Island

uninhabited (July 2004 est.)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

629 (July 2004 est.)

Colombia

42,310,775 (July 2004 est.)

Comoros

651,901 (July 2004 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

58,317,930

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Congo, Republic of the

2,998,040

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Cook Islands

21,200 (July 2004 est.)

Coral Sea Islands

no indigenous inhabitants

note: there is a staff of three to four at the meteorological

station (2004 est.)

Costa Rica

3,956,507 (July 2004 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire

17,327,724

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Croatia

4,496,869 (July 2004 est.)

Cuba

11,308,764 (July 2004 est.)

Cyprus

775,927 (July 2004 est.)

Czech Republic

10,246,178 (July 2004 est.)

Denmark

5,413,392 (July 2004 est.)

Dhekelia

no indigenous personnel

note: approximately 2,200 military personnel are on the base; there

are another 5,000 British citizens who are families of military

personnel or civilian staff on both the bases of Akrotiri and

Dhekelia; Cyprus citizens work on the base, but do not live there

Djibouti

466,900 (July 2004 est.)

Dominica

69,278 (July 2004 est.)

Dominican Republic

8,833,634 (July 2004 est.)

East Timor

1,019,252

note: other estimates range as low as 800,000 (July 2004 est.)

Ecuador

13,212,742 (July 2004 est.)

Egypt

76,117,421 (July 2004 est.)

El Salvador

6,587,541 (July 2004 est.)

Equatorial Guinea

523,051 (July 2004 est.)

Eritrea

4,447,307 (July 2004 est.)

Estonia

1,341,664 (July 2004 est.)

Ethiopia

67,851,281

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Europa Island

no indigenous inhabitants

note: there is a small French military garrison and a few

meteorologists; visited by scientists (July 2004 est.)

European Union

456,285,839 (July 2004 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

2,967 (July 2004 est.)

Faroe Islands

46,662 (July 2004 est.)

Fiji

880,874 (July 2004 est.)

Finland

5,214,512 (July 2004 est.)

France

60,424,213 (July 2004 est.)

French Guiana

191,309 (July 2004 est.)

French Polynesia

266,339 (July 2004 est.)

French Southern and Antarctic Lands

no indigenous inhabitants (July

2002 est.)

note: in 2002, there were 145 researchers whose numbers vary from

winter (July) to summer (January) (July 2004 est.)

Gabon

1,355,246

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Gambia, The

1,546,848 (July 2004 est.)

Gaza Strip

1,324,991

note: in addition, there are more than 5,000 Israeli settlers in the

Gaza Strip (July 2004 est.)

Georgia

4,693,892 (July 2004 est.)

Germany

82,424,609 (July 2004 est.)

Ghana

20,757,032

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Gibraltar

27,833 (July 2004 est.)

Glorioso Islands

no indigenous inhabitants

note: there is a small French military garrison along with a few

meteorologists; visited by scientists (July 2004 est.)

Greece

10,647,529 (July 2004 est.)

Greenland

56,384 (July 2004 est.)

Grenada

89,357 (July 2004 est.)

Guadeloupe

444,515 (July 2004 est.)

Guam

166,090 (July 2004 est.)

Guatemala

14,280,596 (July 2004 est.)

Guernsey

65,031 (July 2004 est.)

Guinea

9,246,462 (July 2004 est.)

Guinea-Bissau

1,388,363 (July 2004 est.)

Guyana

705,803

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Haiti

7,656,166

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Heard Island and McDonald Islands

uninhabited (July 2004 est.)

Holy See (Vatican City)

921 (July 2004 est.)

Honduras

6,823,568

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Hong Kong

6,855,125 (July 2004 est.)

Howland Island

uninhabited

note: American civilians evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air and

naval attacks during World War II; occupied by US military during

World War II, but abandoned after the war; public entry is by

special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only and

generally restricted to scientists and educators; visited annually

by US Fish and Wildlife Service (July 2004 est.)

Hungary

10,032,375 (July 2004 est.)

Iceland

293,966 (July 2004 est.)

India

1,065,070,607 (July 2004 est.)

Indonesia

238,452,952 (July 2004 est.)

Iran

69,018,924 (July 2004 est.)

Iraq

25,374,691 (July 2004 est.)

Ireland

3,969,558 (July 2004 est.)

Israel

6,199,008

note: includes about 187,000 Israeli settlers in the West Bank,

about 20,000 in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, more than 5,000

in the Gaza Strip, and fewer than 177,000 in East Jerusalem (July

2004 est.)

Italy

58,057,477 (July 2004 est.)

Jamaica

2,713,130 (July 2004 est.)

Jan Mayen

no indigenous inhabitants

note: personnel operate the Long Range Navigation (Loran-C) base and

the weather and coastal services radio station (July 2004 est.)

Japan

127,333,002 (July 2004 est.)

Jarvis Island

uninhabited

note: Millersville settlement on western side of island occasionally

used as a weather station from 1935 until World War II, when it was

abandoned; reoccupied in 1957 during the International Geophysical

Year by scientists who left in 1958; public entry is by special-use

permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only and generally

restricted to scientists and educators; visited annually by US Fish

and Wildlife Service (July 2004 est.)

Jersey

90,502 (July 2004 est.)

Johnston Atoll

396 no indigenous inhabitants

note: in previous years, there was an average of 1,100 US military

and civilian contractor personnel present; as of September 2001,

population had decreased significantly when US Army Chemical

Activity Pacific (USACAP) departed; as of January 2004 the island

population was just above 200 personnel, including US Air Force, US

Fish and Wildlife Service, and civilian contractor personnel (July

2004 est.)

Jordan

5,611,202 (July 2004 est.)

Juan de Nova Island

no indigenous inhabitants

note: there is a small French military garrison along with a few

meteorologists; occasionally visited by scientists (July 2004 est.)

Kazakhstan

15,143,704 (July 2004 est.)

Kenya

32,021,856

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Kingman Reef

uninhabited (July 2004 est.)

Kiribati

100,798 (July 2004 est.)

Korea, North

22,697,553 (July 2004 est.)

Korea, South

48,598,175 (July 2004 est.)

Kuwait

2,257,549

note: includes 1,291,354 non-nationals (July 2004 est.)

Kyrgyzstan

5,081,429 (July 2004 est.)

Laos

6,068,117 (July 2004 est.)

Latvia

2,306,306 (July 2004 est.)

Lebanon

3,777,218 (July 2004 est.)

Lesotho

1,865,040

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Liberia

3,390,635 (July 2004 est.)

Libya

5,631,585

note: includes 166,510 non-nationals (July 2004 est.)

Liechtenstein

33,436 (July 2004 est.)

Lithuania

3,607,899 (July 2004 est.)

Luxembourg

462,690 (July 2004 est.)

Macau

445,286 (July 2004 est.)

Macedonia

2,071,210 (July 2004 est.)

Madagascar

17,501,871 (July 2004 est.)

Malawi

11,906,855

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Malaysia

23,522,482 (July 2004 est.)

Maldives

339,330 (July 2004 est.)

Mali

11,956,788 (July 2004 est.)

Malta

396,851 (July 2004 est.)

Man, Isle of

74,655 (July 2004 est.)

Marshall Islands

57,738 (July 2004 est.)

Martinique

429,510 (July 2004 est.)

Mauritania

2,998,563 (July 2004 est.)

Mauritius

1,220,481 (July 2004 est.)

Mayotte

186,026 (July 2004 est.)

Mexico

104,959,594 (July 2004 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of

108,155 (July 2004 est.)

Midway Islands

no indigenous inhabitants; approximately 40 people

make up the staff of US Fish and Wildlife Service and their services

contractor living at the atoll (July 2004 est.)

Moldova

4,446,455 (July 2004 est.)

Monaco

32,270 (July 2004 est.)

Mongolia

2,751,314 (July 2004 est.)

Montserrat

9,245

note: an estimated 8,000 refugees left the island following the

resumption of volcanic activity in July 1995; some have returned

(July 2004 est.)

Morocco

32,209,101 (July 2004 est.)

Mozambique

18,811,731

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected; the 1997

Mozambican census reported a population of 16,099,246 (July 2004

est.)

Namibia

1,954,033

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Nauru

12,809 (July 2004 est.)

Navassa Island

uninhabited

note: transient Haitian fishermen and others camp on the island

(July 2004 est.)

Nepal

27,070,666 (July 2004 est.)

Netherlands

16,318,199 (July 2004 est.)

Netherlands Antilles

218,126 (July 2004 est.)

New Caledonia

213,679 (July 2004 est.)

New Zealand

3,993,817 (July 2004 est.)

Nicaragua

5,359,759 (July 2004 est.)

Niger

11,360,538 (July 2004 est.)

Nigeria

137,253,133

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Niue

2,156 (July 2004 est.)

Norfolk Island

1,841 (July 2004 est.)

Northern Mariana Islands

78,252 (July 2004 est.)

Norway

4,574,560 (July 2004 est.)

Oman

2,903,165

note: includes 577,293 non-nationals (July 2004 est.)

Pakistan

159,196,336 (July 2004 est.)

Palau

20,016 (July 2004 est.)

Palmyra Atoll

no indigenous inhabitants; 4 to 20 Nature Conservancy

staff, US Fish and Wildlife staff (July 2004 est.)

Panama

3,000,463 (July 2004 est.)

Papua New Guinea

5,420,280 (July 2004 est.)

Paracel Islands

no indigenous inhabitants

note: there are scattered Chinese garrisons (July 2004 est.)

Paraguay

6,191,368 (July 2004 est.)

Peru

27,544,305 (July 2004 est.)

Philippines

86,241,697 (July 2004 est.)

Pitcairn Islands

46 (July 2004 est.)

Poland

38,626,349 (July 2004 est.)

Portugal

10,524,145 (July 2004 est.)

Puerto Rico

3,897,960 (July 2004 est.)

Qatar

840,290 (July 2004 est.)

Reunion

766,153 (July 2004 est.)

Romania

22,355,551 (July 2004 est.)

Russia

143,782,338 (July 2004 est.)

Rwanda

7,954,013

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Saint Helena

7,415 (July 2004 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis

38,836 (July 2004 est.)

Saint Lucia

164,213 (July 2004 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

6,995 (July 2004 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

117,193 (July 2004 est.)

Samoa

177,714 (July 2004 est.)

San Marino

28,503 (July 2004 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe

181,565 (July 2004 est.)

Saudi Arabia

25,795,938

note: includes 5,576,076 non-nationals (July 2004 est.)

Senegal

10,852,147 (July 2004 est.)

Serbia and Montenegro

10,825,900 (July 2004 est.)

Seychelles

80,832 (July 2004 est.)

Sierra Leone

5,883,889 (July 2004 est.)

Singapore

4,353,893 (July 2004 est.)

Slovakia

5,423,567 (July 2004 est.)

Slovenia

2,011,473 (July 2004 est.)

Solomon Islands

523,617 (July 2004 est.)

Somalia

8,304,601

note: this estimate was derived from an official census taken in

1975 by the Somali Government; population counting in Somalia is

complicated by the large number of nomads and by refugee movements

in response to famine and clan warfare (July 2004 est.)

South Africa

42,718,530

note: South Africa took a census October 1996 that showed a

population of 40,583,611 (after an official adjustment for a 6.8%

underenumeration based on a postenumeration survey); estimates for

this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess

mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy,

higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth

rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex

than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

no indigenous

inhabitants

note: the small military garrison on South Georgia withdrew in March

2001, to be replaced by a permanent group of scientists of the

British Antarctic Survey, which also has a biological station on

Bird Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited (July 2004

est.)

Spain

40,280,780 (July 2004 est.)

Spratly Islands

no indigenous inhabitants

note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several

claimant states (July 2004 est.)

Sri Lanka

19,905,165

note: since the outbreak of hostilities between the government and

armed Tamil separatists in the mid-1980s, several hundred thousand

Tamil civilians have fled the island; as of yearend 2000,

approximately 65,000 were housed in 131 refugee camps in south

India, another 40,000 lived outside the Indian camps, and more than

200,000 Tamils have sought refuge in the West (July 2004 est.)

Sudan

39,148,162 (July 2004 est.)

Suriname

436,935 (July 2004 est.)

Svalbard

2,756 (July 2004 est.)

Swaziland

1,169,241

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Sweden

8,986,400 (July 2004 est.)

Switzerland

7,450,867 (July 2004 est.)

Syria

18,016,874

note: in addition, about 40,000 people live in the Israeli-occupied

Golan Heights - 20,000 Arabs (18,000 Druze and 2,000 Alawites) and

about 20,000 Israeli settlers (July 2004 est.)

Taiwan

22,749,838 (July 2004 est.)

Tajikistan

7,011,556 (July 2004 est.)

Tanzania

36,588,225

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Thailand

64,865,523

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Togo

5,556,812

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Tokelau

1,405 (July 2004 est.)

Tonga

110,237 (July 2004 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago

1,096,585 (July 2004 est.)

Tromelin Island

uninhabited, except for visits by scientists (July

2004 est.)

Tunisia

9,974,722 (July 2004 est.)

Turkey

68,893,918 (July 2004 est.)

Turkmenistan

4,863,169 (July 2004 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands

19,956 (July 2004 est.)

Tuvalu

11,468 (July 2004 est.)

Uganda

26,404,543

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Ukraine

47,732,079 (July 2004 est.)

United Arab Emirates

2,523,915

note: includes an estimated 1,606,079 non-nationals; the 17 December

1995 census presents a total population figure of 2,377,453, and

there are estimates of 3.44 million for 2002 (July 2004 est.)

United Kingdom

60,270,708 (July 2004 est.)

United States

293,027,571 (July 2004 est.)

Uruguay

3,399,237 (July 2004 est.)

Uzbekistan

26,410,416 (July 2004 est.)

Vanuatu

202,609 (July 2004 est.)

Venezuela

25,017,387 (July 2004 est.)

Vietnam

82,689,518 (July 2004 est.)

Virgin Islands

108,775 (July 2004 est.)

Wake Island

no indigenous inhabitants

note: US military personnel have left the island, but contractor

personnel remain; as of October 2001, 200 contractor personnel were

present (July 2004 est.)

Wallis and Futuna

15,880 (July 2004 est.)

West Bank

2,311,204

note: in addition, there are about 187,000 Israeli settlers in the

West Bank and fewer than 177,000 in East Jerusalem (July 2004 est.)

Western Sahara

267,405 (July 2004 est.)

World

6,379,157,361 (July 2004 est.)

Yemen

20,024,867 (July 2004 est.)

Zambia

10,462,436

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Zimbabwe

12,671,860

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

======================================================================

@2120 Ports and harbors

Afghanistan

Kheyrabad, Shir Khan

Albania

Durres, Sarande, Shengjin, Vlore

Algeria

Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Beni Saf, Dellys, Djendjene,

Ghazaouet, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, Skikda, Tenes

American Samoa

Aunu'u (new construction), Auasi, Faleosao, Ofu, Pago

Pago, Ta'u

Andorra

none

Angola

Ambriz, Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Malongo, Namibe (Mocamedes),

Porto Amboim, Soyo

Anguilla

Blowing Point, Road Bay

Antarctica

there are no developed ports and harbors in Antarctica;

most coastal stations have offshore anchorages, and supplies are

transferred from ship to shore by small boats, barges, and

helicopters; a few stations have a basic wharf facility; US coastal

stations include McMurdo (77 51 S, 166 40 E), Palmer (64 43 S, 64 03

W); government use only except by permit (see Permit Office under

"Legal System"); all ships at port are subject to inspection in

accordance with Article 7, Antarctic Treaty; offshore anchorage is

sparse and intermittent

Antigua and Barbuda

Saint John's

Arctic Ocean

Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US)

Argentina

Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Comodoro Rivadavia, Concepcion

del Uruguay, La Plata, Mar del Plata, Necochea, Rio Gallegos,

Rosario, Santa Fe, Ushuaia

Armenia

none

Aruba

Barcadera, Oranjestad, Sint Nicolaas

Ashmore and Cartier Islands

none; offshore anchorage only

Atlantic Ocean

Alexandria (Egypt), Algiers (Algeria), Antwerp

(Belgium), Barcelona (Spain), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Casablanca

(Morocco), Colon (Panama), Copenhagen (Denmark), Dakar (Senegal),

Gdansk (Poland), Hamburg (Germany), Helsinki (Finland), Las Palmas

(Canary Islands, Spain), Le Havre (France), Lisbon (Portugal),

London (UK), Marseille (France), Montevideo (Uruguay), Montreal

(Canada), Naples (Italy), New Orleans (US), New York (US), Oran

(Algeria), Oslo (Norway), Peiraiefs or Piraeus (Greece), Rio de

Janeiro (Brazil), Rotterdam (Netherlands), Saint Petersburg

(Russia), Stockholm (Sweden)

Australia

Adelaide, Brisbane, Cairns, Darwin, Devonport (Tasmania),

Fremantle, Geelong, Hobart (Tasmania), Launceston (Tasmania),

Mackay, Melbourne, Sydney, Townsville

Austria

Enns, Krems, Linz, Vienna

Azerbaijan

Baku (Baki)

Bahamas, The

Freeport, Matthew Town, Nassau

Bahrain

Manama, Mina' Salman, Sitrah

Baker Island

none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one

small boat landing area along the middle of the west coast

Bangladesh

Chittagong, Dhaka, Mongla Port, Narayanganj

Barbados

Bridgetown, Speightstown (Port Charles Marina)

Bassas da India

none; offshore anchorage only

Belarus

Mazyr

Belgium

Antwerp (one of the world's busiest ports), Brugge, Gent,

Hasselt, Liege, Mons, Namur, Oostende, Zeebrugge

Belize

Belize City, Big Creek, Corozol, Punta Gorda

Benin

Cotonou, Porto-Novo

Bermuda

Hamilton, Saint George's, Dockyard

Bhutan

none

Bolivia

Puerto Aguirre (on the Paraguay/Parana waterway, at the

Bolivia/Brazil border); also, Bolivia has free port privileges in

maritime ports in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski

Samac, and Brcko (all inland waterway ports on the Sava), Orasje

Botswana

none

Bouvet Island

none; offshore anchorage only

Brazil

Belem, Fortaleza, Ilheus, Imbituba, Manaus, Paranagua, Porto

Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande, Salvador, Santos, Vitoria

British Indian Ocean Territory

Diego Garcia

British Virgin Islands

Road Town

Brunei

Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong

Bulgaria

Burgas, Lom, Nesebur, Ruse, Varna, Vidin

Burkina Faso

none

Burma

Bhamo, Chauk, Mandalay, Moulmein, Myitkyina, Pathein, Rangoon,

Sittwe, Tavoy

Burundi

Bujumbura

Cambodia

Kampong Som (Sihanoukville), Kampot, Krong Kaoh Kong, Phnom

Penh, Sre Ambol, Keo Phoh Port (privately owned) (2003)

Cameroon

Bonaberi, Douala, Garoua, Kribi, Tiko

Canada

Becancour (Quebec), Churchill, Halifax, Hamilton, Montreal,

New Westminster, Prince Rupert, Quebec, Saint John (New Brunswick),

St. John's (Newfoundland), Sept Isles, Sydney, Trois-Rivieres,

Thunder Bay, Toronto, Vancouver, Windsor

Cape Verde

Mindelo, Praia, Tarrafal

Cayman Islands

Cayman Brac, George Town

Central African Republic

Bangui, Nola, Salo, Nzinga

Chad

none

Chile

Antofagasta, Arica, Chanaral, Coquimbo, Iquique, Puerto Montt,

Punta Arenas, San Antonio, San Vicente, Talcahuano, Valparaiso

China

Dalian, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Haikou, Huangpu, Lianyungang,

Nanjing, Nantong, Ningbo, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao, Shanghai, Shantou,

Shenzhen, Tianjin, Wenzhou, Xiamen, Xingang, Yantai, Zhanjiang (2001)

Christmas Island

Flying Fish Cove

Clipperton Island

none; offshore anchorage only

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

none; lagoon anchorage only

Colombia

Bahia de Portete, Barranquilla, Buenaventura, Cartagena,

Leticia, Puerto Bolivar, San Andres, Santa Marta, Tumaco, Turbo

Comoros

Fomboni, Moroni, Moutsamoudou

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

Banana, Boma, Bukavu, Bumba, Goma,

Kalemie, Kindu, Kinshasa, Kisangani, Matadi, Mbandaka

Congo, Republic of the

Brazzaville, Impfondo, Ouesso, Oyo,

Pointe-Noire

Cook Islands

Avarua, Avatiu

Coral Sea Islands

none; offshore anchorage only

Costa Rica

Caldera, Golfito, Moin, Puerto Limon, Puerto Quepos,

Puntarenas

Cote d'Ivoire

Abidjan, Aboisso, Dabou, San-Pedro

Croatia

Dubrovnik, Dugi Rat, Omisalj, Ploce, Pula, Rijeka, Sibenik,

Split, Vukovar (inland waterway port on Danube), Zadar

Cuba

Cienfuegos, Havana, Manzanillo, Mariel, Matanzas, Nuevitas,

Santiago de Cuba

Cyprus

Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Paphos, Vasilikos

Czech Republic

Decin, Prague, Usti nad Labem

Denmark

Aabenraa, Aalborg, Aarhus, Copenhagen, Esbjerg, Fredericia,

Frederikshavn, Hirtshals, Kolding, Odense, Roenne (Bornholm), Vejle

Djibouti

Djibouti

Dominica

Portsmouth, Roseau

Dominican Republic

Barahona, La Romana, Manzanillo, Puerto Plata,

San Pedro de Macoris, Santo Domingo

East Timor

NA

Ecuador

Esmeraldas, Guayaquil, La Libertad, Manta, Puerto Bolivar,

San Lorenzo

Egypt

Alexandria, Al Ghardaqah, Aswan, Asyut, Bur Safajah, Damietta,

Marsa Matruh, Port Said, Suez

El Salvador

Acajutla, Puerto Cutuco, La Libertad, La Union, Puerto

El Triunfo

Equatorial Guinea

Bata, Luba, Malabo

Eritrea

Assab (Aseb), Massawa (Mits'iwa)

Estonia

Haapsalu, Kunda, Muuga, Paldiski, Parnu, Tallinn

Ethiopia

none; Ethiopia is landlocked and was by agreement with

Eritrea using the ports of Assab and Massawa; since the border

dispute with Eritrea flared, Ethiopia has used the port of Djibouti

for nearly all of its imports

Europa Island

none; offshore anchorage only

European Union

Antwerp (Belgium), Barcelona (Spain), Bremen

(Germany), Copenhagen (Denmark), Gdansk (Poland), Hamburg (Germany),

Helsinki (Finland), Las Palmas (Canary Islands, Spain), Le Havre

(France), Lisbon (Portugal), London (UK), Marseille (France), Naples

(Italy), Peiraiefs or Piraeus (Greece), Riga (Latvia), Rotterdam

(Netherlands), Stockholm (Sweden), Talinn (Estonia)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Stanley

note: the primary port is located in Stanley Harbour and known

locally as FIPASS (Falkland Interim Port and Storage System); the

facility consists of seven permanently moored barges providing 300

meters of berthing space; it was installed by the military after

1982 and handed over to the Falkland Islands Government in 1988

Faroe Islands

Torshavn, Klaksvik, Tvoroyri, Runavik, Fuglafjordhur

Fiji

Lambasa, Lautoka, Levuka, Malau, Savusavu, Suva, Vuda

Finland

Hamina, Helsinki, Kokkola, Kotka, Loviisa, Oulu, Pori,

Rauma, Turku, Uusikaupunki, Varkaus

France

Bordeaux, Boulogne, Cherbourg, Dijon, Dunkerque, La Pallice,

Le Havre, Lyon, Marseille, Mulhouse, Nantes, Paris, Rouen, Saint

Nazaire, Saint Malo, Strasbourg (2003)

French Guiana

Cayenne, Degrad des Cannes, Saint-Laurent du Maroni

French Polynesia

Mataura, Papeete, Rikitea, Uturoa

French Southern and Antarctic Lands

none; offshore anchorage only

Gabon

Cap Lopez, Kango, Lambarene, Libreville, Mayumba, Owendo,

Port-Gentil

Gambia, The

Banjul

Gaza Strip

Gaza

Georgia

Bat'umi, P'ot'i, Sokhumi

Germany

Berlin, Bonn, Brake, Bremen, Bremerhaven, Cologne, Dresden,

Duisburg, Emden, Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Kiel, Luebeck, Magdeburg,

Mannheim, Rostock, Stuttgart

Ghana

Takoradi, Tema

Gibraltar

Gibraltar

Glorioso Islands

none; offshore anchorage only

Greece

Alexandroupolis, Elefsis, Irakleion (Crete), Kavala, Kerkyra,

Chalkis, Igoumenitsa, Lavrion, Patrai, Peiraiefs (Piraeus),

Thessaloniki, Volos

Greenland

Aasiaat (Egedesminde), Ilulissat (Jakobshavn),

Kangerlussuaq, Nanortalik, Narsarsuaq, Nuuk (Godthab), Qaqortoq

(Julianehab), Sisimiut (Holsteinsborg), Tasiilaq

Grenada

Grenville, Saint George's

Guadeloupe

Basse-Terre, Gustavia (on Saint Barthelemy), Marigot,

Pointe-a-Pitre

Guam

Apra Harbor

Guatemala

Champerico, Puerto Barrios, Puerto Quetzal, San Jose,

Santo Tomas de Castilla

Guernsey

Saint Peter Port, Saint Sampson

Guinea

Boke, Conakry, Kamsar

Guinea-Bissau

Bissau, Buba, Cacheu, Farim

Guyana

Bartica, Georgetown, Linden, New Amsterdam, Parika

Haiti

Cap-Haitien, Gonaives, Jacmel, Jeremie, Les Cayes, Miragoane,

Port-au-Prince, Port-de-Paix, Saint-Marc

Heard Island and McDonald Islands

none; offshore anchorage only

Holy See (Vatican City)

none

Honduras

La Ceiba, Puerto Castilla, Puerto Cortes, San Lorenzo,

Tela, Puerto Lempira

Hong Kong

Hong Kong

Howland Island

none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one

small boat landing area along the middle of the west coast

Hungary

Budapest, Dunaujvaros, Gyor-Gonyu, Csepel, Baja, Mohacs

(2003)

Iceland

Akureyri, Hornafjordhur, Isafjordhur, Keflavik, Raufarhofn,

Reykjavik, Seydhisfjordhur, Straumsvik, Vesttmannaeyjar

India

Chennai (Madras), Cochin, Jawaharal Nehru, Kandla, Kolkata

(Calcutta), Mumbai (Bombay), Vishakhapatnam

Indian Ocean

Chennai (Madras; India), Colombo (Sri Lanka), Durban

(South Africa), Jakarta (Indonesia), Kolkata (Calcutta; India)

Melbourne (Australia), Mumbai (Bombay; India), Richards Bay (South

Africa)

Indonesia

Cilacap, Cirebon, Jakarta, Kupang, Makassar, Palembang,

Semarang, Surabaya

Iran

Abadan (largely destroyed in fighting during 1980-88 war),

Ahvaz, Bandar 'Abbas, Bandar-e Anzali, Bushehr, Bandar-e Emam

Khomeyni, Bandar-e Lengeh, Bandar-e Mahshahr, Bandar-e Torkaman,

Chabahar (Bandar Beheshti), Jazireh-ye Khark, Jazireh-ye Lavan,

Jazireh-ye Sirri, Khorramshahr (limited operation since November

1992), Now Shahr

Iraq

Umm Qasr, Khawr az Zubayr, and Al Basrah have limited

functionality

Ireland

Arklow, Cork, Drogheda, Dublin, Foynes, Galway, Limerick,

New Ross, Waterford

Israel

Ashdod, Ashqelon, Elat (Eilat), Hadera, Haifa, Tel Aviv-Yafo

Italy

Augusta (Sicily), Bagnoli, Bari, Brindisi, Gela (Sicily),

Genoa, La Spezia, Livorno, Milazzo (Sicily), Naples, Porto Foxi,

Porto Torres (Sardinia), Salerno, Savona, Taranto, Trieste, Venice

Jamaica

Alligator Pond, Discovery Bay, Kingston, Montego Bay, Ocho

Rios, Port Antonio, Rocky Point, Port Esquivel (Longswharf)

Jan Mayen

none; offshore anchorage only

Japan

Akita, Amagasaki, Chiba, Hachinohe, Hakodate, Higashi-Harima,

Himeji, Hiroshima, Kawasaki, Kinuura, Kobe, Kushiro, Mizushima,

Moji, Nagoya, Osaka, Sakai, Sakaide, Shimizu, Tokyo, Tomakomai

Jarvis Island

none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one

small boat landing area in the middle of the west coast and another

near the southwest corner of the island

Jersey

Gorey, Saint Aubin, Saint Helier

Johnston Atoll

Johnston Island

Jordan

Al 'Aqabah

Juan de Nova Island

none; offshore anchorage only

Kazakhstan

Aqtau (Shevchenko), Atyrau (Gur'yev), Oskemen

(Ust-Kamenogorsk), Pavlodar, Semey (Semipalatinsk)

Kenya

Kisumu, Lamu, Mombasa

Kingman Reef

none; offshore anchorage only

Kiribati

Banaba, Betio, English Harbour, Kanton

Korea, North

Ch'ongjin, Haeju, Hungnam (Hamhung), Kimch'aek, Kosong,

Najin, Namp'o, Sinuiju, Songnim, Sonbong (formerly Unggi), Ungsang,

Wonsan

Korea, South

Chinhae, Inch'on, Kunsan, Masan, Mokp'o, P'ohang,

Pusan, Tonghae-hang, Ulsan, Yosu

Kuwait

Ash Shu'aybah, Ash Shuwaykh, Kuwait, Mina' 'Abd Allah, Mina'

al Ahmadi, Mina' Su'ud

Kyrgyzstan

Balykchy (Ysyk-Kol or Rybach'ye)

Laos

none

Latvia

Liepaja, Riga, Ventspils

Lebanon

Antilyas, Batroun, Beirut, Chekka, El Mina, Ez Zahrani,

Jbail, Jounie, Naqoura, Sidon, Tripoli, Tyre

Lesotho

none

Liberia

Buchanan, Greenville, Harper, Monrovia, Robertsport

Libya

Al Khums, Banghazi, Darnah, Marsa al Burayqah, Misratah, Ra's

Lanuf, Tobruk, Tripoli, Zuwarah

Liechtenstein

none

Lithuania

Butinge, Kaunas, Klaipeda

Luxembourg

Mertert

Macau

Macau

Macedonia

none

Madagascar

Antsiranana, Antsohimbondrona, Mahajanga, Toamasina,

Toliara

Malawi

Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Chilumba

Malaysia

Bintulu, Kota Kinabalu, Kuantan, Kuching, Kudat, Labuan,

Lahad Datu, Lumut, Miri, Pasir Gudang, George Town (Penang), Port

Dickson, Port Kelang, Sandakan, Sibu, Tanjung Berhala, Tanjung

Kidurong, Tawau

Maldives

Gan, Male

Mali

Koulikoro

Malta

Marsaxlokk, Valletta

Man, Isle of

Castletown, Douglas, Peel, Ramsey

Marshall Islands

Majuro

Martinique

Fort-de-France, La Trinite

Mauritania

Bogue, Kaedi, Nouadhibou, Nouakchott, Rosso

Mauritius

Port Louis

Mayotte

Dzaoudzi

Mexico

Acapulco, Altamira, Bahias de Huatulco, Cabo San Lucas,

Coatzacoalcos, Dos Bocas, Ensenada, Guaymas, Lazaro Cardenas,

Manzanillo, Mazatlan, Puerto Progreso, Puerto Madero, Puerto

Vallarta, Salina Cruz, Tampico, Topolobampo, Tuxpan, Veracruz (2003)

Micronesia, Federated States of

Colonia (Yap), Kolonia (Pohnpei),

Lele, Moen

Midway Islands

Sand Island

Moldova

none

Monaco

Monaco

Mongolia

none

Montserrat

Plymouth (abandoned), Little Bay (anchorages and ferry

landing), Carr's Bay

Morocco

Agadir, El Jadida, Casablanca, El Jorf Lasfar, Kenitra,

Mohammedia, Nador, Rabat, Safi, Tangier; also Spanish-controlled

Ceuta and Melilla

Mozambique

Beira, Inhambane, Maputo, Nacala, Pemba, Quelimane

Namibia

Luderitz, Walvis Bay

Nauru

Nauru

Navassa Island

none; offshore anchorage only

Nepal

none

Netherlands

Amsterdam, Delfzijl, Dordrecht, Eemshaven, Groningen,

Haarlem, IJmuiden, Maastricht, Rotterdam, Terneuzen, Utrecht,

Vlissingen

Netherlands Antilles

Kralendijk, Philipsburg, Willemstad

New Caledonia

Mueo, Noumea, Thio

New Zealand

Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Tauranga, Wellington

Nicaragua

Bluefields, Corinto, El Bluff, Puerto Cabezas, Puerto

Sandino, Rama, San Juan del Sur

Niger

none

Nigeria

Calabar, Lagos, Onne, Port Harcourt, Sapele, Warri

Niue

none; offshore anchorage only

Norfolk Island

none; loading jetties at Kingston and Cascade

Northern Mariana Islands

Saipan, Tinian

Norway

Bergen, Drammen, Floro, Hammerfest, Harstad, Haugesund,

Kristiansand, Larvik, Narvik, Oslo, Porsgrunn, Stavanger, Tromso,

Trondheim

Oman

Matrah, Mina' al Fahl, Mina' Raysut

Pacific Ocean

Bangkok (Thailand), Hong Kong, Kao-hsiung (Taiwan),

Los Angeles (US), Manila (Philippines), Pusan (South Korea), San

Francisco (US), Seattle (US), Shanghai (China), Singapore, Sydney

(Australia), Vladivostok (Russia), Wellington (NZ), Yokohama (Japan)

Pakistan

Karachi, Port Muhammad bin Qasim

Palau

Koror

Palmyra Atoll

West Lagoon

Panama

Balboa, Cristobal, Coco Solo, Manzanillo (part of Colon

area), Vacamonte

Papua New Guinea

Kieta, Lae, Madang, Port Moresby, Rabaul

Paracel Islands

small Chinese port facilities on Woody Island and

Duncan Island being expanded

Paraguay

Asuncion, Villeta, San Antonio, Encarnacion

Peru

Callao, Chimbote, Ilo, Matarani, Paita, Puerto Maldonado,

Salaverry, San Martin, Talara, Iquitos, Pucallpa, Yurimaguas

note: Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Yurimaguas are all on the upper reaches

of the Amazon and its tributaries

Philippines

Batangas, Cagayan de Oro, Cebu, Davao, Guimaras Island,

Iligan, Iloilo, Jolo, Legaspi, Manila, Masao, Puerto Princesa, San

Fernando, Subic Bay, Zamboanga

Pitcairn Islands

Adamstown (on Bounty Bay)

Poland

Gdansk, Gdynia, Gliwice, Kolobrzeg, Szczecin, Swinoujscie,

Ustka, Warsaw, Wroclaw

Portugal

Aveiro, Funchal (Madeira Islands), Horta (Azores), Leixoes,

Lisbon, Porto, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Praia da Vitoria (Azores),

Setubal, Viana do Castelo

Puerto Rico

Aguadilla, Arecibo, Fajardo, Guanica, Guayanilla,

Guayama, Mayaguez, Playa de Ponce, San Juan

Qatar

Doha, Halul Island, Umm Sa'id (Musay'id)

Reunion

Le Port, Pointe des Galets

Romania

Braila, Constanta, Galati, Mangalia, Sulina, Tulcea

Russia

Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinskiy, Arkhangel'sk, Astrakhan',

De-Kastri, Indigirskiy, Kaliningrad, Kandalaksha, Kazan',

Khabarovsk, Kholmsk, Krasnoyarsk, Lazarev, Mago, Mezen', Moscow,

Murmansk, Nakhodka, Nevel'sk, Novorossiysk, Onega,

Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, Rostov, Shakhtersk, Saint Petersburg,

Sochi, Taganrog, Tuapse, Uglegorsk, Vanino, Vladivostok, Volgograd,

Vostochnyy, Vyborg

Rwanda

Cyangugu, Gisenyi, Kibuye

Saint Helena

Georgetown (on Ascension), Jamestown

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Basseterre, Charlestown

Saint Lucia

Castries, Vieux Fort

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Saint Pierre

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Kingstown

Samoa

Apia, Asau, Mulifanua, Salelologa

San Marino

none

Sao Tome and Principe

Santo Antonio, Sao Tome

Saudi Arabia

Ad Dammam, Al Jubayl, Duba, Jiddah, Jizan, Rabigh, Ra's

al Khafji, Mishab, Ras Tanura, Yanbu' al Bahr, Madinat Yanbu' al

Sinaiyah

Senegal

Dakar, Kaolack, Matam, Podor, Richard Toll, Saint-Louis,

Ziguinchor

Serbia and Montenegro

Bar, Belgrade, Kotor, Novi Sad, Pancevo,

Tivat, Zelenika

Seychelles

Victoria

Sierra Leone

Bonthe, Freetown, Pepel

Singapore

Singapore

Slovakia

Bratislava, Komarno

Slovenia

Izola, Koper, Piran

Solomon Islands

Aola Bay, Honiara, Lofung, Noro, Viru Harbor, Yandina

Somalia

Boosaaso, Berbera, Chisimayu (Kismaayo), Merca, Mogadishu

South Africa

Cape Town, Durban, East London, Mossel Bay, Port

Elizabeth, Richards Bay, Saldanha

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

Grytviken

Southern Ocean

McMurdo, Palmer, and offshore anchorages in Antarctica

note: few ports or harbors exist on the southern side of the

Southern Ocean; ice conditions limit use of most of them to short

periods in midsummer; even then some cannot be entered without

icebreaker escort; most antarctic ports are operated by government

research stations and, except in an emergency, are not open to

commercial or private vessels; vessels in any port south of 60

degrees south are subject to inspection by Antarctic Treaty

observers (see Article 7)

Spain

Aviles, Barcelona, Bilbao, Cadiz, Cartagena, Castellon de la

Plana, Ceuta, Huelva, A Coruna, Las Palmas (Canary Islands), Malaga,

Melilla, Pasajes, Gijon, Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands),

Santander, Tarragona, Valencia, Vigo

Spratly Islands

none; offshore anchorage only

Sri Lanka

Colombo, Galle, Jaffna, Trincomalee

Sudan

Juba, Khartoum, Kusti, Malakal, Nimule, Port Sudan, Sawakin

Suriname

Albina, Moengo, New Nickerie, Paramaribo, Paranam,

Wageningen

Svalbard

Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden

Swaziland

none

Sweden

Gavle, Goteborg, Halmstad, Helsingborg, Hudiksvall, Kalmar,

Karlshamn, Lulea, Malmo, Solvesborg, Stockholm, Sundsvall

Switzerland

Basel

Syria

Baniyas, Jablah, Latakia, Tartus

Taiwan

Chi-lung (Keelung), Hua-lien, Kao-hsiung, Su-ao, T'ai-chung

Tajikistan

none

Tanzania

Bukoba, Dar es Salaam, Kigoma, Kilwa Masoko, Lindi, Mtwara,

Mwanza, Pangani, Tanga, Wete, Zanzibar

Thailand

Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Pattani, Phuket, Sattahip, Si Racha,

Songkhla

Togo

Kpeme, Lome

Tokelau

none; offshore anchorage only

Tonga

Neiafu, Nuku'alofa, Pangai

Trinidad and Tobago

Pointe-a-Pierre, Point Fortin, Point Lisas,

Port-of-Spain, Scarborough, Tembladora

Tromelin Island

none; offshore anchorage only

Tunisia

Bizerte, Gabes, La Goulette, Sfax, Sousse, Tunis, Zarzis

Turkey

Gemlik, Hopa, Iskenderun, Istanbul, Izmir, Kocaeli (Izmit),

Icel (Mersin), Samsun, Trabzon

Turkmenistan

Turkmenbasy

Turks and Caicos Islands

Grand Turk, Providenciales

Tuvalu

Funafuti, Nukufetau

Uganda

Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell

Ukraine

Berdyans'k, Feodosiya, Illichivs'k, Izmayil, Kerch, Kherson,

Kiev (Kyyiv), Kiliya, Mariupol', Mykolayiv, Odesa, Reni,

Sevastopol', Yalta, Yuzhnyy

United Arab Emirates

'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Das Island, Khawr Fakkan,

Mina' Jabal 'Ali, Mina' Khalid, Mina' Rashid, Mina' Saqr, Mina'

Zayid, Umm al Qaywayn

United Kingdom

Aberdeen, Belfast, Bristol, Cardiff, Dover, Falmouth,

Felixstowe, Glasgow, Grangemouth, Hull, Leith, Liverpool, London,

Manchester, Peterhead, Plymouth, Portsmouth, Ramsgate, Scapa Flow,

Southampton, Sullom Voe, Teesport, Tyne

United States

Anchorage, Baltimore, Boston, Charleston, Chicago,

Duluth, Hampton Roads, Honolulu, Houston, Jacksonville, Los Angeles,

New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, Port Canaveral, Portland

(Oregon), Prudhoe Bay, San Francisco, Savannah, Seattle, Tampa,

Toledo

Uruguay

Colonia, Fray Bentos, Juan La Caze, La Paloma, Montevideo,

Nueva Palmira, Paysandu, Punta del Este, Piriapolis

Uzbekistan

Termiz (Amu Darya)

Vanuatu

Forari, Port-Vila, Santo (Espiritu Santo)

Venezuela

Amuay, Bajo Grande, El Tablazo, La Guaira, La Salina,

Maracaibo, Matanzas, Palua, Puerto Cabello, Puerto la Cruz, Puerto

Ordaz, Puerto Sucre, Punta Cardon

Vietnam

Cam Ranh, Da Nang, Haiphong, Ho Chi Minh City, Ha Long, Quy

Nhon, Nha Trang, Vinh, Vung Tau

Virgin Islands

Charlotte Amalie, Christiansted, Cruz Bay, Port

Alucroix

Wake Island

none; two offshore anchorages for large ships

Wallis and Futuna

Leava, Mata-Utu

West Bank

none

Western Sahara

Ad Dakhla, Cabo Bojador, Laayoune (El Aaiun)

World

Chiba, Houston, Kawasaki, Kobe, Marseille, Mina' al Ahmadi

(Kuwait), New Orleans, New York, Rotterdam, Yokohama

Yemen

Aden, Al Hudaydah, Al Mukalla, As Salif, Ras Issa, Mocha,

Nishtun

Zambia

Mpulungu

Zimbabwe

Binga, Kariba

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

======================================================================

@2121 Railways (km)

Albania

total: 447 km

standard gauge: 447 km 1.435-m gauge (2003)

Algeria

total: 3,973 km

standard gauge: 2,888 km 1.435-m gauge (283 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 1,085 km 1.055-m gauge (2003)

Angola

total: 2,761 km

narrow gauge: 2,638 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2003)

Argentina

total: 34,091 km (167 km electrified)

broad gauge: 20,594 km 1.676-m gauge (141 km electrified)

standard gauge: 2,885 km 1.435-m gauge (26 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 10,375 km 1.000-m gauge; 237 km 0.750-m gauge (2003)

Armenia

total: 845 km

broad gauge: 845 km 1.520-m gauge (828 km electrified)

note: some lines are out of service (2003)

Australia

total: 44,015 km (5,290 km electrified)

broad gauge: 1,957 km 1.600-m gauge

standard gauge: 27,095 km 1.435-m gauge (2,828 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 14,957 km 1.067-m gauge (2,462 km electrified)

dual gauge: 213 km dual gauge (2003)

Austria

total: 6,021 km (3,552 km electrified)

standard gauge: 5,565 km 1.435-m gauge (3,430 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 34 km 1.000-m gauge (28 km electrified); 422 km

0.760-m gauge (94 km electrified) (2003)

Azerbaijan

total: 2,957 km

broad gauge: 2,957 km 1.520-m gauge (1,278 km electrified) (2003)

Bangladesh

total: 2,706 km

broad gauge: 884 km 1.676-m gauge

narrow gauge: 1,822 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)

Belarus

total: 5,523 km

broad gauge: 5,523 km 1.520-m gauge (875 km electrified) (2003)

Belgium

total: 3,518 km

standard gauge: 3,518 km 1.435-m gauge (2,631 km electrified) (2003)

Benin

total: 578 km

narrow gauge: 578 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)

Bolivia

total: 3,519 km

narrow gauge: 3,519 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

total: 1,021 km (795 km electrified)

standard gauge: 1,021 km 1.435-m gauge (2003)

Botswana

total: 888 km

narrow gauge: 888 km 1.067-m gauge (2003)

Brazil

total: 29,412 km (1,610 km electrified)

broad gauge: 4,907 km 1.600-m gauge (942 km electrified)

standard gauge: 194 km 1.440-m gauge

narrow gauge: 23,915 km 1.000-m gauge (581 km electrified)

dual gauge: 396 km 1.000-m and 1.600-m gauges (three rails) (78 km

electrified) (2003)

Bulgaria

total: 4,294 km

standard gauge: 4,049 km 1.435-m gauge (2,710 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 245 km 0.760-m gauge (2003)

Burkina Faso

total: 622 km

narrow gauge: 622 km 1.000-m gauge

note:: another 660 km of this railway extends into Cote D'Ivoire

(2003)

Burma

total: 3,955 km

narrow gauge: 3,955 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)

Cambodia

total: 602 km

narrow gauge: 602 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)

Cameroon

total: 1,008 km

narrow gauge: 1,008 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)

Canada

total: 48,909 km

standard gauge: 48,909 km 1.435-m gauge (2003)

Chile

total: 6,585 km

broad gauge: 2,831 km 1.676-m gauge (1,317 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 3,754 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)

China

total: 70,058 km

standard gauge: 68,000 km 1.435-m gauge (18,668 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 3,600 km 1.000-m and 0.750-m gauge local industrial

lines

dual gauge: 22,640 km (not included in total) (2003)

Colombia

total: 3,304 km

standard gauge: 150 km 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge: 3,154 km 0.914-m gauge (2003)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

total: 5,138 km

narrow gauge: 3,987 km 1.067-m gauge (858 km electrified); 125 km

1.000-m gauge; 1,026 km 0.600-m gauge (2003)

Congo, Republic of the

total: 894 km

narrow gauge: 894 km 1.067-m gauge (2003)

Costa Rica

total: 950 km

narrow gauge: 950 km 1.067-m gauge (260 km electrified) (2003)

Cote d'Ivoire

total: 660 km

narrow gauge: 660 km 1.000-meter gauge

note: an additional 622 km of this railroad extends into Burkina

Faso (2003)

Croatia

total: 2,726 km

standard gauge: 2,726 km 1.435-m gauge (984 km electrified) (2003)

Cuba

total: 4,226 km

standard gauge: 4,226 km 1.435-m gauge (140 km electrified)

note: an additional 7,742 km of track is used by sugar plantations;

about 65% of this track is standard gauge; the rest is narrow gauge

(2003)

Czech Republic

total: 9,520 km

standard gauge: 9,421 km 1.435-m gauge (2,893 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 99 km 0.760-m gauge (2003)

Denmark

total: 3,002 km

standard gauge: 3,002 km 1.435-m gauge (595 km electrified) (2003)

Djibouti

total: 100 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti

railway)

narrow gauge: 100 km 1.000-m gauge

note: railway under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia (2003)

Dominican Republic

total: 1,743 km

standard gauge: 375 km 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge: 142 km 0.762-m gauge

note: additional 1,226 km operated by sugar companies in 1.076-m,

0.889-m, and 0.762-m gauges (2003)

Ecuador

total: 966 km

narrow gauge: 966 km 1.067-m gauge (2003)

Egypt

total: 5,063 km

standard gauge: 5,063 km 1.435-m gauge (62 km electrified) (2003)

El Salvador

total: 283 km

narrow gauge: 283 km 0.914-m gauge

note: length of operational route reduced from 562 km to 283 km by

disuse and lack of maintenance (2003)

Eritrea

total: 306 km

narrow gauge: 306 km 0.950-m gauge

note: railway is being rebuilt; 117 km open (2003)

Estonia

total: 958 km

broad gauge: 958 km 1.520-m/1.524-m gauge (132 km electrified)

note: gauge being increased from 1.520-m to 1.524-m to reduce wear

on wheels and rail as lines are modernized (2003)

Ethiopia

total: 681 km (Ethiopian segment of the Addis

Ababa-Djibouti railroad)

narrow gauge: 681 km 1.000-m gauge

note: railway under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia (2003)

European Union

total: 222,293 km

broad gauge: 28,438 km

standard gauge: 186,405 km

narrow gauge: 7,427 km

other: 23 km (2003)

Fiji

total: 597 km

narrow gauge: 597 km 0.600-m gauge

note: belongs to the government-owned Fiji Sugar Corporation; used

to haul sugarcane during harvest season (May to December) (2003)

Finland

total: 5,851 km

broad gauge: 5,851 km 1.524-m gauge (2,400 km electrified) (2003)

France

total: 32,175 km

standard gauge: 32,008 km 1.435-m gauge (14,320 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 167 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)

Gabon

total: 814 km

standard gauge: 814 km 1.435-m gauge (2003)

Georgia

total: 1,612 km (1,612 km electrified)

broad gauge: 1,575 km 1.520-m gauge (1,575 electrified)

narrow gauge: 37 km 0.912-m gauge (37 electrified) (2003)

Germany

total: 46,039 km (20,100 km electrified)

standard gauge: 45,801 km 1.435-m gauge (20,084 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 214 km 1.000-m gauge (16 km electrified); 24 km

0.750-m gauge (2003)

Ghana

total: 953 km

narrow gauge: 953 km 1.067-m gauge (2003)

Greece

total: 2,571 km (764 km electrified)

standard gauge: 1,565 km 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge: 961 km 1.000-m gauge; 22 km 0.750-m gauge

dual gauge: 23 km combined 1.435-m and 1.000-m gauges (three rail

system) (2003)

Guatemala

total: 886 km

narrow gauge: 886 km 0.914-m gauge (2003)

Guinea

total: 837 km

standard gauge: 175 km 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge: 662 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)

Guyana

total: 187 km

standard gauge: 139 km 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge: 48 km 0.914-m gauge

note: all dedicated to ore transport (2001 est.)

Honduras

total: 699 km

narrow gauge: 279 km 1.067-m gauge; 420 km 0.914-m gauge (2003)