=teñir=, to tinge, dye
=tercerola=, carbine
=terciana=, intermittent fever
=terciar=, to sling across
=terminar=, to bring to a close, end
=término=, time, term, limit
=ternera=, calf, heifer;
=lomo de ----=, loin of veal
=ternura=, tenderness
=terreno=, ground, soil
=terreno=, =-a=, earthy, worldly, earthly
=terrestre=, earthly, terrestrial
=terrible=, terrible
=territorial=, territorial
=territorio=, territory
=terrón=, _m._, lump of earth
=terror=, _m._, terror
=terruño=, native soil
=tertuliano=, frequenter, habitué, member of a club or social circle
=tesorería=, treasury
=tesoro=, treasure
=testificado=, =-a=, attested to, witnessed
=testigo=, witness
=testimonio=, testimony
=tétrico=, =-a=, gloomy
=texto=, text, basis
=tez=, _f._, complexion, skin
=tibio=, =-a=, lukewarm
=tiempo=, time
=tienda=, shop, tent
=tienta=, probe;
=a ----s=, gropingly
=tiernamente=, tenderly
=tierno=, =-a=, tender
=tierra=, land, earth;
=----= =adentro=, inland;
=----s de pan llevar=, grain-producing lands
=tigre=, _m._, tiger
=tijera=, scissors
=timbre=, _m._, timbre, pitch
=timidez=, timidity
=tímido=, =-a=, timid
=tiniebla=, _generally used in the plural_, gloom, darkness
=tino=, skill, tact
=tinta=, tincture, ink
=tinte=, _m._, tint, color
=tintura=, tincture, tinge
=tipo=, type, figure, trait
=tirado=, =-a=, drawn along, led
=tirador=, marksman
=tiranía=, tyranny
=tirano=, tyrant
=tirante=, taut, tense, stringent
=tirar=, to pull, throw, shoot
=tiritar=, to shiver
=tiro=, musket shot, range;
=hasta ---- y medio de fusil=, within range of
one and a half rifle distance
=tirón=, _m._, stroke, pull
=titánico=, =-a=, titanic
=titulado=, =-a=, entitled
=título=, title, right
=tocado=, headgear, coiffure
=tocar=, to touch, play;
=me toca=, it is my turn
=todavía=, still, yet
=todo=, =-a=, every, entire;
=con ----=, nevertheless;
=del ----=, wholly, at all;
=en= _or_ =de ---- punto=, in every respect
=toma=, capture
=tomar=, to take, assume;
=---- partido=, to take sides
=tono=, tone;
=de ----=, stylish, fashionable;
=de buen ----=, in good taste
=topógrafo=, topographer
=toque=, _m._, sounding, ringing;
=---- de las ánimas=, ringing of bells in the
evening when the faithful pray for souls in purgatory
=torada=, herd of bulls
=torbellino=, whirlwind
=torcaza=, cushat dove
=tormenta=, storm
=tormento=, torment
=tornar=, to turn, return;
=----se=, to become
=torneo=, tournament
=torno=, wheel;
=en ----=, round about;
=en ---- de=, about
=toro=, bull
=torpe=, stupid, infamous
=torre=, _f._, tower
=torrente=, _m._, torrent;
=a ----=, in torrents
=torreón=, _m._, bastion, tower
=tortuoso=, =-a=, tortuous, entangled
=torvo=, =-a=, scowling, forbidding
=tosco=, =-a=, rough, rude
=tostar=, to brown, roast
=total=, total, entire
=total=, _m._, total, sum
=traba=, hindrance, ligament
=trabajar=, to work, suffer
=trabajo=, work, hardship
=trabar=, to begin, tie; to engage in
=trabazón=, _f._, coherence, bond
=tradición=, tradition
=tradicional=, traditional
=traducir=, to translate, interpret, articulate
=traer=, to bring, wear
=traficar=, to barter, traffic, travel
=tráfico=, business, intercourse
=tragadero=, esophagus; devourer
=tragedia=, tragedy
=trágicamente=, tragically
=trágico=, =-a=, tragic
=traición=, treachery
=traidor=, traitor
=traidoramente=, treacherously
=traje=, _m._, suit, garment
=tramar=, to weave; to plot
=trance=, _m._, critical moment, danger, cost
=tranco=, stride, trot;
=al ----=, on the trot
=tranquilamente=, tranquilly
=tranquilizar=, to set at ease, calm
=tranquilo=, =-a=, tranquil, quiet
=transacción=, transaction
=transatlántico=, steamer
=transatlántico=, =-a=, transatlantic
=transcurrir=, to elapse
=transeunte=, _a. and s._, passing; passer-by
=transformación=, transformation
=transformar=, to transform
=transido=, =-a=, pierced
=transigir=, to yield, compromise
=transitar=, to roam
=transitorio=, =-a=, transitory, temporary
=transmitir=, to transmit, forward
=transparencia=, transparency, clearness
=transparente=, transparent
=transportador=, transporter, carrier
=transportar=, to transport, carry
=tranvía=, _m._, trolley-car
=tras=, behind, after
=trascendental=, transcendental
=trasladar=, to move
=traslucir=, to shine through
=traspasar=, to go beyond
=trasplantar=, to transplant
=trasponer=, to put behind
=trastienda=, rear shop
=tratar=, to treat;
=---- de=, + _infin._, to try;
=----se de=, to be a matter of
=trato=, intercourse, dealing, relation
=través=, _m._, bias, inclination;
=al ----=, across
=travesía=, crossing, journey across
=travieso=, =-a=, mischievous
=trazar=, to trace, design
=trecho=, distance
=treinta=, thirty
=tremendo=, =-a=, tremendous
=tremolar=, to wave, flutter, beat
=tren=, _m._, train
=trenzar=, to braid, twine
=trepar=, to climb, crawl on
=tres=, three
=tribu=, _f._, tribe
=tribuna=, speaker's platform
=tribunal=, _m._, tribunal, court
=tributar=, to pay tribute, offer
=trigo=, wheat
=trillar=, to thresh, cut
=trinchera=, trencher, banquet, feast
=tripe=, _m._, plush, shag
=triplemente=, triply, threefold
=triplicar=, to triple
=triste=, sad
=triste=, _m._, Argentine song of that name
=tristeza=, sadness
=triunfal=, triumphal
=triunfante=, triumphant
=triunfar=, to triumph
=triunfo=, triumph
=trofeo=, trophy
=trompa=, proboscis, trumpet, trunk
=tronco=, trunk
=trono=, throne
=tropa=, troop, herd; _Arg._, train of pack animals or ox carts
=tropel=, _m._, hubbub, confusion
=tropezador=, =-ora=, stumbling
=tropezar=, to stumble
=tropiezo=, obstacle, difficulty, trouble
=tropilla=, _Arg._, troop, herd
=trote=, _m._, trot
=trotón=, _m._, trotter
=trova=, ballad
=trovador=, troubadour, minstrel
=trueno=, thunder
=trueque=, _m._, exchange;
=a ----=, in exchange
=truncado=, =-a=, truncated
=Tucumán=, province of Argentina; also name of capital of said province
=tucumano=, =-a=, of Tucumán
=tumba=, tomb, grave
=tumultuoso=, =-a=, tumultuous
=tuna=, cactus pear, cactus plant
=tunal=, _m._, cactus, place where cactus grows
=túnica=, tunic
=tupidísimo=, =-a=, very dense, thick
=turba=, crowd
=turbación=, agitation, disturbance
=turbante=, _m._, turban
=turbar=, to trouble, disturb
=turbulento=, =-a=, turbulent
=turno=, turn
=tutela=, guardianship, tutelage
=tutelar=, tutelary, protecting
U
=ubicar=, to place, locate
=ubicuo=, =-a=, omnipresent, ubiquitous
=ujier=, usher
=ulterior=, later, ulterior, further
=últimamente=, lastly, in the end
=último=, =-a=, last, final
=umbral=, _m._, threshold
=umbroso=, =-a=, shady
=unánime=, unanimous
=undécimo=, =-a=, eleventh
=únicamente=, only
=único=, =-a=, only, sole, unique
=unidad=, unity
=uniforme=, uniform, constant
=uniforme=, _m._, uniform;
=de grande ----=, in full uniform
=unión=, union
=unir=, to join, unite
=unitario=, =-a=, unitary, unitarian
=universal=, universal
=universidad=, university
=uno=, =-a=, one, _pl._, some;
=---- y otro=, both;
=unos y otros=, all
=uña=, nail, claw
=urbano=, =-a=, urban
=urbe=, _f._, city
=urgente=, urgent
=usar=, to use
=uso=, use, usage
=útil=, useful
V
=vaca=, cow
=vacilación=, vacillation
=vacilar=, to waver, hesitate
=vacío=, =-a=, empty, unburdened
=vacío=, hollow, void
=vado=, ford
=vagabundo=, =-a=, roaming, vagabond
=vagamente=, vaguely
=vagar=, to wander, roam
=vago=, =-a=, vague
=vago=, idler
=vajilla=, table service
=valer=, to avail, be worth
=valeroso=, =-a=, valiant, brave
=valiente=, _a. and s._, valiant; brave man
=valioso=, =-a=, valuable, powerful
=valor=, _m._, valor, bravery, value
=valle=, _m._, valley
=vanagloria=, vainglory
=vandalaje=, _m._, vandalism
=vanguardia=, vanguard
=vanidad=, vanity
=vano=, =-a=, vain
=vapor=, _m._, steam, steamer
=vaporoso=, =-a=, misty
=vaquía=, _also written_ =baquía=, dexterity, expertness
=vara=, yard, yardstick
=variado=, =-a=, varied
=variante=, _m._, variant
=vario=, =-a=, various, varied; _pl._, several
=varita=, small stick
=varón=, male, man
=varonil=, manly
=vasallo=, vassal
=vasco=, =-a=, Basque, pertaining to the Basque provinces of Spain
=vaso=, vessel, vase, glass
=vástago=, offshoot, branch, descendant
=vasto=, =-a=, vast, immense
=vate=, _m._, seer, poet
=V. E.=, _abbr. for_ =Vuestra Excelencia=, Your Excellency
=vecindad=, vicinity
=vecindario=, vicinity, district; _collect._, neighbors
=vecino=, =-a=, _a. and s._, neighboring; neighbor, inhabitant, denizen; _m.
pl._, people, inhabitants
=vedado=, =-a=, forbidden
=vedija=, entangled lock of wool
=vehemencia=, vehemence
=vehemente=, vehement, strong
=veinte=, twenty
=veintidós=, twenty-two
=veintinueve=, twenty-nine
=veintitrés=, twenty-three
=vejez=, old age
=vela=, vigil, watch; candle
=vela=, sail
=velar=, to keep watch, watch
=veleidad=, fickleness, levity, shilly-shally
=velero=, swift sailing vessel
=velo=, veil
=velocidad=, velocity
=velorio=, vigil for the dead
=veloz=, rapid
=velozmente=, rapidly
=vencedor=, victor
=vencer=, to win, conquer
=vencimiento=, victory, conquest; maturity
=vendaval=, _m._, wind from the sea
=vendedor=, salesman
=vender=, to sell
=veneciano=, =-a=, Venetian
=venerable=, venerable
=veneración=, veneration
=venganza=, vengeance
=vengar=, to avenge
=venir=, to come
=venta=, inn
=ventaja=, advantage
=ventana=, window
=ventilar=, to ventilate
=ventura=, good fortune
=ver=, to see, notice;
=a ----=, let's see
=veracidad=, veracity, truth
=verano=, summer
=verbalmente=, verbally
=verbo=, verb
=verdad=, truth
=verdaderamente=, truly, indeed
=verdadero=, =-a=, true, genuine, veritable, real
=verde=, green
=verdugo=, executioner, tormentor
=verdura=, verdure, greens
=vereda=, walk, path; _Arg._, sidewalk
=verificación=, verification
=versificación=, versification
=versificador=, versifier
=verso=, verse
=vertiginosamente=, rapidly, giddily
=vertiginoso=, =-a=, giddy, swift
=vértigo=, giddiness
=vespertino=, =-a=, pertaining to evening
=vestíbulo=, vestibule, lobby
=vestido=, dress
=vestigio=, trace, vestige
=vestir=, to wear, put on
=veterano=, =-a=, veteran, seasoned
=vetusto=, =-a=, old
=vez=, _f._, occasion, time;
=a la ----=, at the same time;
=tal ----=, perhaps;
=en ---- de=, instead of;
=de ---- en cuando=, from time to time;
=a su ----=, in one's turn;
=otras veces=, at other times;
=hacer las veces=, to play the part, take the place
=vía=, way
=viajar=, to travel
=viaje=, _m._, voyage, trip;
=en ----=, on the way
=viajero=, traveler
=vibrante=, vibrating
=vicio=, vice, habit
=vicioso=, =-a=, vicious, corrupt
=vicisitud=, vicissitude, lot
=víctima=, victim
=victoria=, victory
=victorioso=, =-a=, victorious
=vida=, life
=vidalita=, gaucho song
=vidriera=, show case, window
=viejo=, =-a=, old
=viento=, wind
=vientre=, _m._, stomach, belly
=vigilancia=, vigilance;
=---- marítima=, harbor police
=vigilante=, watchful, alert
=vigilia=, vigil, nocturnal meditation
=vigor=, _m._, vigor, strength
=vigorosamente=, vigorously
=vigoroso=, =-a=, vigorous, powerful
=vihuela=, guitar
=vil=, vile, low
=villa=, community
=vino=, wine
=viña=, vineyard
=violación=, violation
=violencia=, violence
=violento=, =-a=, violent
=violín=, _m._, violin
=virgen=, virgin
=virginidad=, virginity, purity
=viril=, virile, manly
=virreinato=, viceroyalty
=virrey=, viceroy
=virtud=, virtue, quality
=virtuosísimo=, =-a=, very virtuous
=virulencia=, virulence
=visible=, visible
=visiblemente=, visibly
=visión=, vision
=visita=, visit
=visitar=, to visit
=viso=, feature, aspect, outlook
=vista=, look, sight, view;
=a la ----=, in sight
=vitalidad=, vitality
=vitualla=, food, victuals
=viuda=, widow
=vivac=, _m._, bivouac
=vivamente=, sharply, vividly
=vivaque=, _m._, bivouac
=víveres=, _m. pl._, provisions
=viveza=, vivacity, keenness
=vivienda=, dwelling
=vivir=, to live
=vivísimo=, =-a=, very keen, sharp
=vivo=, =-a=, alive, vivid, eager
=volador=, =-ora=, flying
=volante=, flying, light;
=artillería ----=, field artillery
=volar=, to fly
=volcánico=, =-a=, volcanic
=volcar=, to upset
=voltear=, to throw down, over-power
=voltigero=, voltigeur, light-armed infantry soldier
=voluntad=, will, mind
=voluntariamente=, voluntarily
=voluntario=, =-a=, voluntary
=voluntario=, volunteer
=voluntarioso=, =-a=, willful
=volver=, to return, turn;
=---- a= + _infin._, to do again;
=---- en sí=, to regain consciousness;
=----se=, to become
=vomitar=, to vomit, belch
=votar=, to vote
=voto=, vote, ballot, vow
=voz=, _f._, voice
=V. S.=, _abbr. for_ =Vueseñoría=, Your Lordship
=vuelo=, flight; loftiness in discourse
=vuelta=, turn;
=dar una ----=, to take a stroll
=vulgar=, vulgar, commonplace
=vulgarísimo=, =-a=, very vulgar, commonplace
=vulgo=, crowd, populace
Y
=y=, and
=ya=, already, even, now; _with a negative_, no longer;
=---- ... ----=, whether ... or
=yacer=, to lie
=yermo=, =-a=, waste, desert
=yerto=, =-a=, stiff, inert, lifeless
=yugo=, yoke
=yunta=, pair, yoke
Z
=zafar=, to untie
=zaga=, rear of anything;
=ir en ----=, to be behind, inferior
=zagal=, shepherd
=zamarra=, sheepskin coat
=zanja=, ditch
=zanjón=, _m._, deep ditch
=Zaragoza=, city in Spain
=zarpar=, to weigh anchor, set sail
=zona=, zone, belt
=zoológico=, =-a=, zoölogical
=zorzal=, _m._, thrush
=zozobra=, worry, anguish
=zumbido=, buzzing
=Zupay=, _m._, mythical character in the Quichua Indian traditions;
represents the evil spirit of the forest
FOOTNOTES:
[1] =León=, an allusion to the lion on the Spanish coat of arms.
[2] =su=, _i.e._, _de los campeones_.
[3] =hace=. The subject is =Marte= in line 2.
[4] =Inca=. When the Spanish _Conquistadores_ came to America, all of
Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, and north-western Argentina were inhabited by
the Quichua Indians. These Indians were divided into seven tribes, from
one of which came the Incas who became the rulers of the vast territory
occupied by the Quichuas. The Inca was the head of the ruling class
and consequently the emperor of all the Quichuas. The reference here
is to Atahualpa, the last Inca, who was strangled in 1533 by order of
Pizarro, conqueror of Peru.
[5] =sus=, _i.e._, _del Inca_.
[6] =lo que=, trans., _as: As he sees his sons renewing the old
splendor of the Fatherland_. Vide Bello-Cuervo, _Gramática_, §§ 976,
977; and Cuervo, _Apuntaciones críticas_, § 337.
[7] =se sienten=, _are heard_. The student should exercise special
care in noting the difference between the use of the reflexive as a
substitute for the passive voice and the true use of the reflexive; the
first use is confined almost entirely to the third person, singular and
plural.
[8] =Méjico=. From 1810 to 1820 the Mexicans fought bravely, but with
scant success, to free themselves from the Spanish yoke. During that
period three great leaders of Mexican independence were captured
and shot by the Spaniards: the priest Miguel Hidalgo, in 1811; the
priest Morelos, in 1815; and Francisco Xavier Mina, in 1817. Under the
leadership of Santa Ana, in 1823, the Mexicans were finally successful
in driving out the Spaniards and establishing a republican form of
government.
[9] =Quito=. Until the beginning of the sixteenth century the present
republic of Ecuador was the kingdom of Quito, ruled over by the Incas.
After Pizarro's conquest in 1533 it became the _Audiencia_ of Quito,
subject to the rule of the Viceroy of Peru. Ecuador was the last South
American country to obtain its independence from Spain. From 1810 to
1822, when the Spaniards were defeated at the battle of Pichincha, it
was the scene of much ruthless and fierce fighting.
[10] =cuál=, trans., _how_.
[11] =Potosí=, =Cochabama=, =la Paz=, cities in Bolivia. Most of the
fighting against the Spaniards in Bolivia took place in the triangle
formed by those three cities. V. map.
[12] =Caracas=, capital of Venezuela, the first South American country
to declare its independence from Spain, in 1811. About that time the
terrors of an earthquake, which destroyed the greater part of the city,
were added to those of war.
[13] =cual=, trans., _like_.
[14] =a=, trans., _against_.
[15] =vencedor=, trans., _as a conqueror_; note absolute construction.
[16] =San José=, =Piedras=, =La Colonia=, battles fought by the
Uruguayans in coöperation with the Argentineans. At Las Piedras there
were two engagements, hence =ambas Piedras=.
=San Lorenzo=, name of the first battle fought by San Martín against
the Spaniards.
=Suipacha=, =Salta=, =Tucumán=. General Balcarce defeated the Spaniards
at Suipacha, as did General Belgrano at the battles of Salta and
Tucumán.
[17] =la Banda Oriental=, popular name for the republic of Uruguay.
Until the period of the Revolution, Uruguay was one of the Provinces
of the Plata, and from its location on the eastern bank of the Uruguay
River it received the name of "Eastern District."
[18] =su=, _i.e._, =del guerrero argentino=.
[19] =sus=, _i.e._, =del tirano=.
[20] =por=, trans., _as_.
[21] =su=, _i.e._, =de la libertad=.
[22] =les=, _i.e._, =a los hombres=.
[23] =trono dignísimo=, _i.e._, independence from Spain.
[24] =¡..., salud!= _hail!_
[25] =para responder al título de la propiedad=, _to insure claim to
the property_.
[26] =sequedades=, abstract noun used as a concrete noun; trans.,
_sterile lands_.
[27] =absoluto=, taken in its literal sense here, _apart_, _by himself_.
[28] =_volteadas_=, Argentinism; separation and selection of cattle
without previously rounding them up; hasty selection of cattle. Cf.
Darwin's _The Voyage of the Beagle_: "About two leagues beyond this
curious tree we halted for the night; at this instant an unfortunate
cow was spied by the lynx-eyed gauchos, who set off in full chase, and
in a few minutes dragged her in with their lazos, and slaughtered her."
[29] =leyes positivas=, _established laws_.
[30] =con sendas o vados=, etc., _i.e._, =cerca de su choza=, _nearby_.
[31] =género de vida que hacían=, _kind of life they led_.
[32] =lo hacían... tiempo=, _gave him an air of mystery and dignity at
the same time_.
[33] =voz cubierta=, _soft voice_.
[34] =con el monosílabo=, _by a monosyllabic remark_.
[35] =introdujo una revolución social=, _i.e._, the internal revolution
that followed immediately upon the heels of the struggle for
independence.
[36] =por esto=, _on this account_.
[37] =vecindarios=. This word means both _district_ or _ward of a
town_, and _vicinity_; hence the statement that follows.
[38] =si es que=, _i.e._, =si es verdad que=.
[39] =a la altura... se nutren=, _on a par with the social milieu in
which they are born and grow_.
[40] =Eso sí=, _Of course_, _Most assuredly_.
[41] =Tomaba partido... y por pasión=, _He took sides, guided by his
personal sentiments and emotions_.
[42] =a su modo=, _peculiar to himself_.
[43] =por escapar=, lit., _for the sake of escaping_; translate as
if it were =para escapar=. There is very little difference between
=por= and =para= when followed by an infinitive: =para= is by far the
commoner preposition used.
[44] =San Martín=, =Belgrano=, the two greatest military leaders of
Argentina during the period of the struggle for independence.
[45] =cuerpo de doctrina=, _system of dogmas_.
[46] _=sui generis=_, Latin for =a su modo=. V. note 18, 10.
[47] =de que no se daba otra cuenta... superior=, lit., _of which he
gave himself no other account save as of a superior fact_, i.e., _of
which he knew nothing save that it was a divine fact_.
[48] =le venía impuesto=, _was imposed upon him_. =Venir= is here used
as an auxiliary for the passive voice instead of =ser=.
[49] =doctrina=. Notice the use of a general term for a concrete term.
What is meant here by =doctrina= is not _teaching_ but _teachers_.
[50] MOTTO. _The steppes, like the ocean, fill the soul with the
feeling of the infinite._ Taken from Humboldt's _Voyages aux régions
équinoxiales du nouveau continent._
[51] =no puede... negarse=, _it cannot be denied_. Cf. 2, 9.
[52] =lucha imponente=. The indefinite article is regularly omitted in
Spanish with nouns in apposition.
[53] =están combatiendo=. The first edition of Sarmiento's _Facundo_,
the work from which this extract is taken, appeared in 1845; hence the
use of the present.
[54] =Echeverría=, one of Argentina's foremost poets.
[55] _=La Cautiva=_, name of the poem for which Echeverría is best
known. It marks a departure from Spanish classical traditions,
depicting a struggle typical of the pampas, its scenery, its
inhabitants, and its poetry.
[56] =Dido= and =Argía=, the titular heroines of dramas by Juan Cruz
Varela, the foremost Argentine poet of the classical school; the
first is based on the fourth book of Virgil's _Æneid_; the second on
Alfieri's _Antigone_.
[57] =proporciona=. The subject is =el espectáculo=.
[58] =a ellos=. The use of the prepositional object pronoun adds
emphasis to the sentence.
[59] =Ojo de Halcón=, _Hawkeye_, character in Cooper's _The Last of the
Mohicans_.
[60] =Mingos=, epithet applied to the Huron Indians in Cooper's
_Leatherstocking Tales_.
[61] "=van a tapar el arroyo=," "_they are going to dam the brook_."
Cf. Chapter XXI of _The Last of the Mohicans_.
[62] _=La Pradera=_, Cooper's novel, _The Prairie_.
[63] =el Trampero=, _the Trapper_; known also in the other works of
Cooper's _Leatherstocking Tales_ as Deerslayer, Hawkeye, Pathfinder,
Settler.
[64] =lo mismo que el Trampero sugiere=. Cf. _The Prairie_, Chapter
XXIII.
[65] =los incendios del pasto=. The dangers from such fires will be
evident when it is known that not infrequently grass grows so tall in
the pampas as to cover a man on horseback.
[66] =la misteriosa operación del Pawnie=. Cf. _The Prairie_, Chapter
XXIV. The Pawnie is an Indian character in _The Prairie_, friend of the
Trapper.
[67] A cowhide, fashioned so as to give it buoyancy, is often used in
the pampas to cross streams. An improvised craft of this type is called
a =pelota=, _i.e._, _ball_. Though the =pelota= is often mentioned and
described by Argentine travelers and explorers, nowhere other than in
this passage of Sarmiento have the editors read that they were towed by
women. Cf. _The Prairie_, Chapter XXIV.
[68] =con la pelota... lazo=, _with the pelota towed by means of a rope
seized between the teeth_.
[69] =El procedimiento para asar una cabeza de búfalo=. For reference
V. _The Prairie_, Chapter IX. Sarmiento has evidently made a mistake
here, meaning not the head but the hump of a buffalo.
[70] =En fin,...= In his _Voyage of the Beagle_, Chapter III, Darwin,
writing almost contemporaneously of conditions on the pampas, says: "It
is curious how similar circumstances produce such similar results in
manners. At the Cape of Good Hope the same hospitality, and very nearly
the same points of etiquette, are universally observed."
[71] =acaba=. The verb is in the singular because =lo palpable y
vulgar= are taken to be one and the same thing.
[72] =se aleja=. The subject of this verb and the following verbs of
the sentence is =horizonte=.
[73] =despierto=, with concessive force, _though awake_.
[74] =es poeta=, _is poetical_. Notice the use of a noun with the force
of an adjective.
[75] =y cómo ha de dejar de serlo=, _and how can it help being so_.
=Lo= refers to the previous statement, =es poeta=.
[76] =mientras se cruzan dos palabras=, _in the twinkling of an eye_.
[77] =atraerse=. The reflexive is here the indirect object of the verb.
[78] =Masas de tinieblas..., masas de luz lívida=, in loose apposition
with colores of the preceding sentence.
[79] =y muestra... poder=, _and shows the limitless stretches of the
pampa as they are vividly pierced by the lightning, the symbol of
power_.