_The Making of a Man_
[Illustration]
The Making
of a Man
BEING A DESCRIPTION OF
ARTIFICIAL LIMBS AND
HOW THEY MAY BE
ADOPTED BY THOSE WHO
HAVE SUFFERED LOSS OF
THEIR NATURAL LIMBS
[Illustration]
George R. Fuller Company
Rochester, N. Y.
23 West Swan Street } BRANCHES { 50 North 13th Street
Buffalo, N.Y. } { Philadelphia, Pa.
COPYRIGHTED 1902 BY
GEORGE R. FULLER CO.
NOTE.—The copyright covers the arrangement and
phraseology of the text as well as the drawings and
engravings. The right of translation is reserved.
[Illustration: ARTIFICIAL LIMBS]
_Introduction_
The making of a man is a process of time, of training and of progress.
The babe, indeed, may be born perfect in physical proportions and in
possession of normal faculties; but no product of Nature may stand still.
Growth or decay is the lot of every one, and the man—the full and perfect
man—is the result of physical and mental development.
There has never been a time when physical development has received so
much attention as at present, or when its importance has been so greatly
appreciated. Physical culture and exercise in the open air have resulted
in making men and women stronger and healthier, and consequently more
graceful in carriage and figure and better fitted to enjoy the pleasures
and perform the duties of life. The conviction is now general that to
produce the highest type of man the cultivation and development of the
physical structure should proceed with the cultivation of the mind; but
on the other hand, the wise do not admit that the practice of devoting
too much attention to athletics should be encouraged, however prevalent
this practice may be said to be at many leading colleges. The proper
ratio should be observed.
It is not desirable, to be sure, that the race should become one of
ignorant giants, but nevertheless the value of exercise and of physical
work cannot be disputed. The right to pursue this value should be shared
by all mankind. Fortunately it has been made possible now, as it formerly
was not, for those who have lost limbs to indulge in rightful exercise
and perform necessary physical work notwithstanding their misfortunes.
The activities of life, with their resulting benefit, are no longer
denied them.
Surgery, the scientific making of mechanical devices for the correction
of deformities, and the manufacture of artificial substitutes for
lost limbs, have led in the advance of methods intended to better the
condition or ameliorate the suffering of humanity.
Time was when the loss of a leg meant the stumping through the balance
of life on a crotched stick. There was Peter Stuyvesant, for instance,
whose portrait is shown on the cover of this catalogue. He lost a leg in
the wars in the West Indies in 1640. Thereafter, during the time he was
the last Dutch Director General of New Netherlands—from 1647 until his
surrender to the English in 1664—and to his death in New York in 1682 at
the ripe old age of eighty, he pegged his way along. He was a man well
able to afford the best in life, but nothing better than the ordinary peg
leg was then obtainable, and so for forty years or more Peter Stuyvesant
suffered the inconvenience due to the crude device.
Now, fortunately for the afflicted, better things are possible. Science
and art have combined so successfully in the manufacture of our
artificial limbs that not only is the wearer free from discomfort but
he is enabled to continue his career of activity, and pursue, as may be
necessary, his labors for a livelihood. Besides, the perfection of design
and manufacture of these aids makes their presence difficult of detection.
Not only is ordinary labor well performed, but many remarkable feats are
accomplished by wearers of limbs of our manufacture. A few instances are
cited below.
A noted pitcher of a baseball team and a remarkable bicycle rider,
although deprived in early life of both legs by accident, is able to hold
a position of prominence in his profession.
An operator constantly on his feet in a signal tower suffers no
inconvenience. After making five experiments he has found finally
that the artificial leg with which we have equipped him is the most
comfortable he has ever worn.
A crack bicycle rider, both of whose legs have been amputated, one above
the knee and one below, pronounces our substitute faultless. He is able
not only to mount and dismount with ease but to perform all manner of
tricks and fancy riding, doing this as well as his competitors blessed
with sound, muscular, natural limbs. Besides, he has a mile track record
of 2.37.
Money will not buy happiness, but it will aid in its attainment. Money
will not compensate for the loss of a limb, but it will buy a fair
substitute if one knows where to procure it.
One having a valuable and delicate watch needing repairs would naturally
be very cautious into whose hands it was entrusted. In the event of
sickness we are apt to be very careful into whose care we place the
patient. Careful inquiry is made as to the reliability of the physician
and his experience, whether or not he has been successful, if he
understands his business and is honest in his purpose; if his advice will
be given in the best interests of the patient, or whether his own profit
is of first importance to him.
It is entirely proper to ask similar questions in regard to the makers of
artificial limbs; but too often people are careless in the matter, and
place the case in the hands of almost anybody in the business, without
regard to responsibility or reliability. Thus the remedy secured is often
worse than the disease. The strictest investigation should be made. A
competent maker should be selected. The case being entrusted to him,
the minor details should be left to his judgment, with faith that his
experience and thorough understanding of his business will produce the
best result.
No single style of limb is suitable for all cases. Appropriate and
distinct construction is necessary, that the limb shall meet the
requirements of the person who is to be compelled to wear it. Recognizing
the truth of this, we have been led to the study of the peculiarities and
individual needs of each case presented to us. Our limbs are constructed
with such a variety of joints and attachments that each appliance may be
accurately adapted to any variation in the condition or occupation of
the patient. If any doubt exists as to the result in any case, we give
ample opportunity for experiment at our expense. It is for this reason
that so many purchasers have spoken in the highest terms of praise of our
efforts and the results.
[Illustration]
We do not seek to discredit other manufacturers, but simply, in full
confidence, we state that we are the makers of the best goods obtainable.
In the pages following we have endeavored to convey some idea of the
ingenuity and artistic skill which we bestow upon our work.
For over forty years—in fact, since 1856—we have conducted our business
in Rochester without interruption and with increasing prosperity. Until
1876 the business was conducted by Dr. Douglas Bly, who founded it. Then
for twenty years Mr. Fuller personally continued the business, until in
1896 the present company was incorporated under the laws of the State
of New York with a paid-up capital of $25,000. The patience and skill
exercised throughout these years have evolved the limb we term “The
Walk-Easy Leg,” and placed us at the head of manufacturers of artificial
limbs. Our efforts have been always to improve and perfect—to excel at
every point. We are assured that these efforts have met with approval.
We enjoy the confidence of those who have found need of our services.
As a further evidence that we have successfully sought to excel, it
may be stated that during the past twenty years, notwithstanding
active competition, we have supplied the United States Government with
one-quarter in number of all the limbs furnished to pensioners. We also
have supplied officially the States of Virginia, Georgia, South Carolina
and Louisiana. Furthermore, our work has been placed in the first class
by various scientific boards convened for the purpose, and it has
received the endorsement of the world’s most famous surgeons.
Aside from the personal testimony of the multitudes throughout the
country who have availed themselves of our experience and skill, and have
offered to bear witness to the good we have done them, we refer as to
our financial standing and reliability to Dun or Bradstreet mercantile
agencies, or to any bank or public man in our city or vicinity.
Intending purchasers are invited to correspond with us, that they may
receive, if they are necessary or desirable, fuller details than are
covered in this work. We are always glad to receive inquiries and offer
suggestions for the comfort of our customers.
GEORGE R. FULLER COMPANY, ROCHESTER, N. Y.
[Illustration]
Patents have been granted us as follows:
April 19, 1859 No. 23,656
April 30, 1859 No. 25,238
February 19, 1861 No. 31,438
July 20, 1862 No. 38,549
May 19, 1863 No. 38,550
July 28, 1857 Re-issued July 7, 1863 No. 1,510
May 17, 1859 }
July 3, 1860 } Re-issued July 12, 1864 No. 1,724
Dec. 23, 1862 }
October 11, 1864 No. 44,638
September 4, 1866 No. 57,666
March 9, 1869 No. 87,624
April 19, 1887 No. 361,405
October 4, 1887 No. 370,774
_Amputations_
It is probable that such a publication as this will be read only by
those who have lost limbs or by their immediate friends. To advance an
opinion here as to the length of stump or the kind of operation best
adapted to the subsequent application of an artificial limb would be
of little benefit, and might, indeed, suggest dissatisfaction to the
sufferer and cause injury to the operator. The preservation of life is
the object of amputations. Surgeons generally appreciate the importance
of the operation and their own responsibility. They undertake it with
reluctance. Often during such an operation exigencies arise or unforeseen
conditions so present themselves as to preclude any observance of
suggestions relating to the selection of a point for amputation and
preparation of the stump for the exercise of the restorative art of
prosthesis. Then the surgeon has no choice if he would save life. It
is better not to criticise the operation and malign the operator, but
to believe the best results possible under the circumstances have been
attained and be thankful that the outcome is no worse.
_Treatment of the Stump_
In preparation for the application of an artificial leg, and as soon as
it is healed sufficiently to permit it without pain or irritation, the
stump should be kept tightly bandaged from the end up to the knee, if
the amputation be below, or up to the body if the amputation be above
the knee. The bandaging will diminish and solidify the stump, leaving
it in a much more desirable condition for fitting and rendering the
successful use of a leg more a matter of certainty. If neglected, the
chances are that a soft, flabby stump will be the result, which will
rapidly reduce after the patient begins the use of a leg, but a refitting
or an uncomfortable amount of filling up in the socket to compensate for
the shrinkage of the stump will be necessary in order to walk with the
least degree of ease or satisfaction. The remaining joints, particularly
the knee joint, should be kept in motion as much as can be conveniently,
every day; this will prevent their becoming anchylosed (stiff and
inflexible). Should this warning come too late, and the joint is already
anchylosed, it should be gently and gradually exercised, and oily,
relaxing applications applied until straightened and flexible. A free
daily use of the cold water bath and brisk rubbing will prove beneficial.
An application of a solution of tannin and alcohol will toughen the skin,
and in many cases it would be an excellent thing to continue the use of
this solution after an artificial leg has been applied.
_How Soon After an Amputation_
There is a diversity of opinion as to how early a substitute may be
applied. Many surgeons strongly urge that an artificial leg cannot be
safely fitted for several months after cicatrization occurs, while, on
the other hand, some manufacturers of artificial limbs claim that a leg
can be satisfactorily fitted just as soon as the stump has healed, no
matter if it be but five or six weeks after the amputation.
Much, of course, depends upon the condition of the patient, in
circumstance and constitution. It many times occurs that while the edges
of the flaps have united, and cicatrization appears, ossification at the
sawn end of the bones has not taken place, consequently the necessary
pressure and tension on the surrounding integuments and other adjacent
parts in wearing a leg will unavoidably cause inconvenience, irritation
and pain. It is therefore our opinion, based upon experience and
observation, that in most cases an artificial leg should not be fitted
within _three months_ after amputation, and that if the edges of the
wound have thoroughly united at the end of that time it is _unnecessary
to wait longer_, except to harden and reduce the stump by bandaging, if
this has not previously been done. There are many good reasons why a leg
should be applied as soon as practicable after this time (provided that
the stump has healed), the chief one being that there is nothing that
will discipline and strengthen a stump and remaining joints as quickly
and as effectually as the use of a properly fitted artificial leg.
[Illustration]
_Material of Construction_
The materials used in the construction of artificial limbs are,
principally, tough English willow, leather, metal and rubber. The wood
parts, when worked to the desired shape, are covered with parchment or
rawhide and finished with a flesh-tinted waterproof enamel.
_Artificial Legs for Children_
When children have been deprived, by accident or disease, of one or
both lower limbs, artificial legs should be applied as soon as the
condition of the stump will safely permit. It is too generally presumed
that an outgrown limb is of no further use, and that the purchase of an
artificial leg before full growth is assured means a foolish expenditure.
This is wrong, at least so far as our work is concerned; there are
artificial legs made that it would be very expensive to lengthen or
change, but any leg that is made by us, or under our name or supervision,
we will agree to lengthen at any future time, as necessity may arise,
at a cost not to exceed five dollars, and in many cases not to exceed
three or four dollars. When the amputation is above the knee, it is often
necessary that the leg be lengthened both above and below the knee-joint.
This involves more labor and consequently greater expense, but in no case
will the charge exceed five dollars.
For a very young child we would make the artificial foot one or two sizes
larger than the natural one; in a year or so the natural foot will reach
the size of the artificial, and some months, perhaps years, will elapse
before the natural foot will be perceptibly larger than the artificial.
This method keeps the feet nearer the same size a longer time than would
be the case if the artificial foot were made the same size as the natural
foot in the first place. When it is necessary to increase the size of the
foot it can be easily and inexpensively done.
When children are deprived of these useful appendages, solely from fear
or apprehension that they may be outgrown, a lasting injustice is done
them. There is great danger of deformity and disease from the prolonged
use of crutches, particularly at a tender and susceptible age; and the
most natural, easy, graceful walkers on artificial legs are those who
commence the use of them in youth; the habit becomes thoroughly formed,
and the continued use of them from childhood develops and strengthens the
muscles and joints in a more effectual manner than can be accomplished by
any other process or treatment.
_Weight of Artificial Limbs_
It is not possible to reduce the weight of artificial legs below a
certain point without sacrificing strength and good wearing qualities.
The leg we construct weighs from two to five and one-half pounds, but
in some special cases where extreme strength is required this may be
exceeded. Much depends, however, upon the weight and occupation of the
wearer. Many legs of other makes which weigh no more than ours require
more of an effort to carry and swing them, because the action of the
rubber spring in the back part of our leg assists materially in carrying
the leg forward while in the act of walking, thus relieving the stump
from the effort that would otherwise be required to swing it. We aim to
have sufficient weight around the joints to support them securely; at
other points, where strength is not required, they are left a mere shell.
The weight of an artificial arm is much less, varying from one-half to
one and one-half pounds.
_Durability of Artificial Limbs_
The occupation of the wearer has much to do with the durability of an
artificial leg, but more depends upon the care and attention it receives.
We know of limbs that have been in constant use for eighteen or twenty
years and are undoubtedly good for several more years of good service,
and others, equally well made in every way, that because of neglect and
abuse have lasted only three or four years. These are the extremes,
however. The average durability of an artificial leg we estimate to be
from seven to eight years. Artificial arms not being subject to the
strain and wear of a leg will last much longer, the average time, we
should say, being double that of a leg. It should be borne in mind,
however, that they are but a mechanical imitation of Nature and require
attention the same as any other piece of mechanism, and that it pays to
keep them at all times clean and in good working order, and that the
better the care the better and more lasting will be the service.
NOTE.—While preparing this article Mr. John S. Havens, of
Plainwell, Michigan, called upon us wearing an artificial leg
made at this factory in the spring of 1864, and the leg is
still in excellent condition.
_How to Proceed in Ordering a Leg_
A very common error is prevalent in the minds of many that artificial
limbs are kept on hand in full assortments and varieties, and that it
is only necessary for a person to call and purchase one and wear it
away, the same as you would a pair of boots or shoes. Artificial legs
are only made to order, and it is preferable that the patient be present
at the factory for a day or two to have the leg fitted and give it a
thorough and satisfactory trial. Write to us, stating full particulars
of the case—when amputated, whether below or above the knee, length and
condition of the stump, etc. Also state the price you wish to pay for
a leg, and whether or not it will be practicable for you to come here
and have it fitted. If you can come here, name a day that will be most
convenient for you to do so, and we will be ready for you. If possible,
also specify time of day and by which route you will arrive in Rochester;
if you are unable to determine in season to advise us by mail, please do
so by telegraph, and we will have some one meet you at the station. A
shoe will be wanted here for the artificial foot. Your presence will be
required from one to two days, depending upon the difficulty in fitting
and the number of orders we have on hand; during this time you will have
an opportunity of putting the leg on, and giving it a thorough trial in
the rough. After you are satisfied with the test, you may return home and
the leg will be completed and forwarded to you in about ten days, or, if
you prefer to remain and wear it home, it will be finished in about a
week. Excellent hotel accommodations can be obtained for one dollar per
day or five dollars per week.
_Making Artificial Legs from Measurements_
For the benefit of persons who do not care to incur the expense and
inconvenience of a journey to the factory, we have perfected a chart
for measurements, and directions for taking profiles, plaster of paris
moulds, etc., that overcome all the difficulty and expense of a personal
visit. To make success doubly sure, when so desired we put the leg up
in the rough and forward it for trial; this gives the same opportunity
of trying it that would be had here. The leg can then be returned to us
with directions as to any changes that may be needed. To be sure, there
is some expense for transporting the leg, but it is small compared with
the cost of a journey here. A good share of our orders are being filled
in this manner, and with unvarying success. Indeed, there need be no fear
or hesitancy in sending orders to us for artificial legs to be made from
measurements, as we _guarantee a fit_. Should it prove otherwise, we will
make any required alterations without charge.
_Warranty_
The following is a copy of the warranty given with each leg. The time of
the warranty will depend entirely upon the price paid. See prices of the
various styles.
ROCHESTER, N.Y., ______ 19__.
In consideration of the sum of __ dollars, received from ______
of ______ for an artificial leg, we hereby warrant the same,
as follows: In case any part of said leg should, on account of
poor material or bad workmanship, break or give way within __
years from the date hereof, we agree to repair the same without
charge, provided that, as soon as any defect is discovered, the
leg, or any part thereof that needs to be repaired or replaced,
be forwarded to us without delay, and at the expense of the
owner. It is not the intention of this warranty to make good
without charge the unavoidable wear of the leg, or breakage
caused by accident, neglect or misuse.
_Prices_
Our prices are graded in such a manner as to make it possible for any
one to secure one of these reliable limbs, and are governed entirely by
the quality of the work and the time for which the limb is warranted,
and bear an exact proportion to the cost of production and the probable
cost of repairs during the term of the warranty. We have plans, which
we will be very glad to explain to any who desire to know about them,
whereby these limbs may be obtained without the expenditure of any money
whatever. Simply the giving of a little time and persistent work. Scores
have earned limbs in this way.
_Remittances_
Should be made by express, post office or express money order, registered
letter, or New York draft, whichever is most convenient for the sender.
_Terms_
It is our custom, as it is with all makers of special appliances of this
kind, to require in each case a cash deposit as a guarantee of good
faith. When the purchaser is present at the factory for the purpose of
having a limb fitted, the limb may be tried in the rough before making
any payment; if the fit and trial are satisfactory, one-half the price
will be required. When limbs are made from measurements, without the
presence of the patient at the factory, one-half the price of the limb
ordered should accompany the order. In both cases when the limb is
finished it will be delivered by express C.O.D. with the privilege of
examination and trial before making the final payment.
A careful consideration of the following facts should convince any
fair-minded person that this plan is not only reasonable and just but
very necessary.
[Illustration]
Each limb is made expressly to order for some one individual, and the
limb when completed is of little or no value to any one except the person
for whom it is made. It requires some degree of patience and perseverance
to overcome the awkwardness and possible disappointment associated with
the first trial of an artificial limb, and if there be no obligation and
no sacrifice on the part of the would-be purchaser provided the limb
is not accepted, there is a possibility of its being declined, and the
maker, through no fault of his work, becomes the loser. On the other
hand, the advance payment made on the limb insures a very persistent
effort on the part of the purchaser to wear it, resulting in success and
satisfaction.
The purchaser may rest assured that the work will not be slighted in any
degree whatsoever, and that it will be our duty and pleasure to make any
changes necessary to insure comfortable use of the limb any time within a
reasonable period after it is finished.
_Installment Payments_
We can consistently make a limb and accept installment payments therefor
only on the following conditions: On payment of one-half the price of the
limb with the order, the balance may be paid in amounts and at times—if
within reason—to suit the purchaser; say five dollars each month until
paid for, provided that these payments are secured by notes made or
endorsed by some reliable business man, or other equally good security.
We are perfectly willing to give time for a part payment as stated,
but must insist that we be amply secured against loss from any cause
whatever, and we cannot entertain any proposition wherein this is not
provided for.
_In Writing_
Describe your case as clearly and briefly as possible, stating whether
amputation is above or below the knee or elbow, when amputated, length
and condition of the stump, your age, weight and occupation, whether
you have ever worn an artificial limb, if so, how long and what make or
makes, and be particular to write your name and address plainly, giving
the post office, county and state. Any inquiries that are made on the
subject of artificial limbs will be promptly answered to the best of
our knowledge, and any information that we can give will be cheerfully
imparted.
_Artificial Limbs for U. S. Pensioners_
Every officer or enlisted or hired man who has lost a limb, or the
use of a limb, in the military or naval service of the United States,
is entitled to receive once every three years an artificial limb or
apparatus. Necessary transportation to the manufactory and return, by the
most usual and direct route, will be furnished to those desiring it for
the purpose of having artificial limbs fitted, but will not be furnished
except for this purpose. Sleeping-car accommodations will be given upon
request.
In March, 1891, the law was amended so as to allow an artificial limb
every three years instead of every five as before. The reduction in time
took effect in various ways but was to be counted from March 1, 1891. The
act operates in three ways:
_First._ Those who were entitled on or after March 3, 1888, are
entitled every three years from such last date.
_Second._ Those who were entitled between March 3, 1886, and
March 3, 1888, were again entitled March 3, 1891, and every
three years from that date.
_Third._ Those who were entitled before March 3, 1886, were
again entitled five years from such date, and again every three
years.
On request of any soldier we will give him the exact date on which he is
entitled to an order for a leg or for commutation.
Each officer and soldier has his choice either to receive a limb or its
equivalent in money. All who want limbs will gain by taking one from the
Government, because the Government will give transportation to and from
the manufactory, the cost of which in many cases is equal to the value of
the limb. Besides, the Government requires each manufacturer to warrant
his work and material used. The soldier who draws his money and buys a
limb for himself loses all these advantages. Many manufacturers of limbs
will advise soldiers to draw the money and then buy of them, so they will
not be obliged to warrant their limbs to the Government, or give a bond
for the same.
We furnish legs and arms for all kinds of amputations, on Government
orders. The necessary blanks on which the applications should be made for
limbs and transportation will be furnished to any soldier on application.
[Illustration]
[Illustration: _The_ WALKEASY ARTIFICIAL LEG]
_The Latest Progress in Artificial Limb Construction_
The WALKEASY leg is one of the more recent of the long list of our
artificial limb products. The name signifies more than is ordinarily
supposed by the public at large, and is only comprehended as it should
be by those who are so unfortunate as to require an artificial leg
possessing the requisites indicated by the name WALKEASY. To make the new
leg such as to truly maintain this name will be our aim and effort in all
cases.
As the weight of the body is imposed upon the artificial leg, under a
high pressure, changing from naught to the entire weight of the body, and
at times to double that weight or more, the least particle of chafing or
friction would soon cause soreness and might continue to that extent that
the limb would be impossible of good, and, moreover, a source of much
injury to the wearer. The amputation of a leg, therefore, requires on the
part of the artificial leg a double degree of responsibility; the limb
must not only fit the remaining mutilated part of the leg comfortably,
but must reproduce the general motion to a greater or lesser degree of
perfection. These are delicate features of artificial limb production,
and in no way are they more perfectly reproduced than in the WALKEASY leg.
The improvements represented by the WALKEASY leg are not simply
theoretical. We have been quietly experimenting with them for years, not
in the shop only, but they have been put into practical use by wearers,
of various professions and occupations—the correct way of testing an
appliance of this kind; otherwise we would not dare hazard our reputation
on their success.
The most approved points of excellence in both the ordinary rubber and
wooden feet are combined in the WALKEASY foot. The rubber and wooden
feet, as commonly constructed, while possessing desirable features, are
objectionable and unsuitable in many cases—the rubber foot on account
of its rigid, motionless ankle, and the wooden foot on account of the
hard, unyielding, springless material of which it is constructed. In the
WALKEASY foot both of these features are entirely done away with and the
desirable ones preserved.
The following are the eminently desirable features of the WALKEASY leg,
a combination of which is not to be found in any other artificial leg
manufactured:
_First._ The removable sponge-rubber sole of the foot imparts
a soft, noiseless tread, does not cut the stockings, gives a
natural appearance in the shoe, relieves the wearer of much
strain and jar in walking, greatly assists the ankle springs
in their action, producing an increased lifelike motion, and
greatly reduces the chances of breakage of any part of the leg.
_Second._ The yielding rubber at bottom of foot provides for
a little lateral or side motion, enough for all practical
purposes.
_Third._ The ankle joint is strongly constructed. A
substance composed of fibre, in which plumbago (black lead)
is incorporated, is used as a bearing on the ankle bolt or
cylinder, making a lubricating and most satisfactory joint.
_Fourth._ The sponge-rubber or felt sole, which can be easily
and quickly removed and cheaply renewed or repaired without the
necessity of procuring a new foot in case of wear or breakage.
_Fifth._ No mechanical toe joint, the flexibility of the rubber
or felt giving the desired motion.
_Sixth._ The cords or tendons come in contact with no surfaces
to cause friction or wear and are adjustable so as to give any
desired mobility to the ankle joint.
_Seventh._ Knee joints, for amputation below the knee, with
four bearings, taper phosphor bronze bushings, and taper bolts,
giving the greatest degree of wearing surface and requiring the
least possible lubrication.
_Eighth._ The purchaser has the choice of a wood socket,
leather lacing socket, or the NEVERCHAFE spring socket, which
ever is best adapted and most suitable for the peculiarities of
his case, and for amputation below the knee an extra attachment
is included for use in place of the knee joint and thigh lacer,
at such times as it may suit the wearer to try it.
The best product in this line, if within the means of the purchaser,
should be the one chosen; but while the WALKEASY leg possesses so many
eminent features it is not more costly than the average product of other
manufacturers. Moreover, our guarantee is that if it fails in realizing
to the wearer what is promised to him, we are more than willing to secure
the point of perfection without extra charge, and make of it for the
wearer his ideal and not ours.
[Illustration]
[Illustration: 200 201 202 203]
NUMBER 200
WALKEASY leg for amputation above the knee, with adjustable
leather lacing socket; any style of suspenders desired. Price
$100. Warranted five years.
NUMBER 201
WALKEASY leg for amputation above the knee, with wood socket;
any style of suspenders; also NEVERCHAFE socket, if desired,
without extra charge. Price $100. Warranted five years.
NUMBER 202
WALKEASY knee-bearing leg, leather socket; used for very short
stump below the knee, or for an inflexible knee-joint; wood
socket made if preferred. Price $100. Warranted five years.
NUMBER 203
WALKEASY end-bearing leg for knee-joint amputation, leather
socket; socket will be made of wood if preferred. Price $100.
Warranted five years.
[Illustration: 204 205 206 207]
NUMBER 204
WALKEASY leg with adjustable leather lacing socket, for
amputation below the knee; clasp thigh lacer; any other style
used. Price $100. Warranted five years.
NUMBER 205
WALKEASY leg with wooden socket, for amputation below the knee;
NEVERCHAFE socket used, if desired, without extra charge. Price
$100. Warranted five years.
NUMBER 206
WALKEASY leg with leather lacing socket, without knee-joint or
thigh support, for amputation below the knee; not suitable for
short stumps. Price $75. Warranted five years.
NUMBER 207
WALKEASY leg with wooden socket, without knee-joint or thigh
support, for amputation below the knee; not suitable for short
stumps; NEVERCHAFE socket used, if desired, without additional
expense. Price $75. Warranted five years.
_Sectional View of the Improved Walkeasy Leg_
[Illustration: 260 261 262 263]
No. 260. Some changes have been made in the ankle joint, but the notable
modifications are a foot with thick sponge-rubber removable sole, K-K,
in place of the rubber-covered core; for thigh amputations an adjustable
steel knee cord and spring piston, combined in one piece, E, and
knee-joint tightener, A.
The removable sole gives us an opportunity of strengthening the upper
part of foot with a rawhide covering. Between the wooden part J and the
rubber K at the toe part, layers of canvas and sole leather are placed
to prevent breaking or turning up of the toe. This, however, is hardly
necessary in most cases, but we consider it an additional protection.
With rubber-covered cores the rubber first breaks away from the top of
the core at the toe part, resulting in turning up of the toe, leaving
little chance to repair it satisfactorily without making a new foot. This
cannot very well take place with the rubber sole, as there is no rubber
above the wood to break away. If, however, it becomes necessary for any
reason to renew the rubber, the sole can be removed by simply taking a
screw out at the bottom of foot, and a new sole or part of a sole put on
at a trifling expense without sending the leg to us, as we keep on file a
pattern of each individual foot made. The greater security by which the
cord ends and the ankle-joint rods are kept in place, and the convenient
method of getting at them, are additional strong points commending the
change. See No. 261.
The combination knee cord and spring consists of a steel rod carefully
bushed at the joint and extending through a hickory bar in calf of the
leg, with a thick, soft leather washer on the rod under the bar, and a
nut at the end of rod that is reached with thumb and finger through
holes in back of leg for readily adjusting the length. For the knee
spring a suitably protected heavy elastic web is slipped over end of
the rod and adjusted from outside of leg with buckskin strings; as leg
is flexed in act of walking, the rod is forced through the hickory bar,
stretching the web and forcing the lower part of the leg forward in
position for next step; when lower part of leg is flexed at right angles
with the thigh, as in sitting, the pressure of spring is automatically
released. This change simplifies the knee-joint construction, is lighter
and more convenient of adjustment.
Figs. 262 and 263 illustrate a new knee joint for amputation below the
knee. This is the latest and decidedly the most compact, lightest, and
at the same time the best wearing joint that we have ever adopted, not
excepting the ball-bearing joint, and is recommended in all cases.
Joints of medium weight are usually applied. A heavier joint of same
pattern is used, however, when the wearer is unusually heavy or desires
an extra strong joint and does not mind the additional weight. Let us see
if we can describe the uniqueness of it, so that it will be understood.
The head of the joint is very thin (three-eighths of an inch), permitting
the trousers to set smoothly; at the same time there is as much wearing
surface as in an ordinary joint of twice the thickness. C is a phosphor
bronze (the toughest of metal) taper bushing fitted into a taper hole.
B is a taper bolt fitting a taper hole in the bushing; when drawn into
place with screw A, the bushing is wedged into male joint head E tightly,
so that it is practically a part of this male head. In swinging the leg
the movement or wear is on the bolt B inside the cone bushing, giving as
much wearing surface as a joint with male head as thick as this bushing
is long. Perhaps it will be better understood by reference to separate
cuts of the bolt B and bushing C, and stating that the bolt turns or
moves inside the bushing only, and that there is no wearing surface
except between these two parts.
Parts A, B and C are all made to a size and interchangeable. Any one of
them taken from stock will fit any joint head of this pattern without
special fitting, so that it may be conveniently replaced in case of wear.
_The Haberl Patent Foot With Tarsal Articulation_
[Illustration: 264 265]
The novelty of this invention is in the point of articulation being near
the bottom of the foot instead of at the ankle. It does not give as much
motion as the ankle-jointed foot, but is much superior to the rigid ankle
without a joint. The construction is so simple that little explanation is
required. The dotted lines in No. 264 represent hickory plates, covered
with sponge rubber, and No. 265 shows the manner in which the parts are
put together. The heel part is slipped into the round hole in hollow of
foot, and the piece taking the place of the ball and toe part of foot
is passed through into the heel part, as shown by dotted lines in No.
264, and locked together with a steel pin, making a complete hinge. In
finishing, the sponge rubber parts are covered with buckskin or kid. The
entire arrangement is so simple there is very slight probability that any
repairs will be required that the wearer cannot make himself, and the
ease and little expense with which the parts can be renewed commend it
to all who require a strong, serviceable leg. It seems to be a favorite
among miners and others following rough, heavy work who have given it a
trial.
Under contract with the patentee we have the exclusive right to
manufacture this foot in the United States and Canada. We have made a
good many of them, and have yet to hear the first complaint from any of
the wearers. Wood or leather lacing sockets may be used with this foot.
Price of leg with the Haberl foot, for any amputation above the ankle,
$75, with five-year warranty.
NOTE.—This foot is patented in the United States, Great
Britain, Canada, Germany, France and Spain.
_Attachment for use in place of Thigh Lacer and Knee-joint_
In most cases of amputation below the knee, if stump is sound and of
good length, it is possible to comfortably use a leg without the steel
knee-joint and thigh support. Many express a desire to try a leg of this
description, but hesitate to have a leg so constructed, fearing the
result of continually taking the entire weight or bearing on the stump,
with no provision for relieving it. For such as would like to try, at
their convenience and pleasure, a leg without the thigh support, we make
attachment No. 211. The thigh lacer and upper joints can be removed by
taking the knee-joint bolts out and this attachment substituted. At such
times and in such work, when the thigh support would be more desirable,
it can be readily replaced. This attachment is included with the $100
WALKEASY leg without extra charge; with any other style of leg, price $5.
[Illustration: 211 212 213]
_Neverchafe Spring Socket_
This is a leather socket moulded over a cast of the stump, and suspended
to the inner side of a wooden socket or shell with adjustable rubber
webbing in such a manner as to avoid all friction or chafing of the stump
and to give a comfortable, helpful spring at each step of the wearer,
the sensation being much the same as though the weight were on an air
cushion, with no pressure on the end of the stump whatever. No. 212 for
amputation below the knee; No. 213 for amputation above the knee.
This socket is particularly suitable for short stumps. The inner socket,
being made of stiff leather, practically lengthens the stump, giving
increased leverage, a condition greatly to be desired in such cases. It
is also a very great relief to tender and sensitive stumps; the slipping
and rubbing occasioned more or less in walking on an artificial leg,
takes place with this attachment between the inner spring socket and the
outer wood socket; the pressure of the springs keeping the inner socket
snugly against the stump in all positions, precludes the possibility of
any friction on the stump.
For stumps that become swollen in hot weather, or that require extra
covering in cool weather, or for such as have never used an artificial
leg, with the consequent probability of the stump rapidly reducing, this
inner socket may be made adjustable by lacing.
While this is undoubtedly the most suitable and comfortable socket for
very short and sensitive stumps, some prefer the highly polished wooden
socket, and others the adjustable leather lacing socket. All purchasers
of the WALKEASY leg have their choice of socket; the selection should
be influenced by the length and condition of the stump, the weight and
occupation of the wearer, and other considerations. In all cases we
guarantee a comfortable socket and one that will not chafe.
_New Adjustable Leather Lacing Socket_
This new socket is for amputation below the knee. The adjustment is made
at the back of the socket instead of at the front, as in the lacing
sockets heretofore made. The improvement is so marked that the wonder
is we did not make the change earlier. Much of the weight on the stump
is taken just where the socket was previously made to open, and it was
necessary to reinforce the lacing with a strap. When laced in the back
of socket the front is stronger, more comfortable, and dresses more
smoothly; furthermore, there is more shrinkage of a stump in the calf
than in front; and in being able to make the adjustment in the back part
of the socket, it is kept nearer the shape that will conform to the shape
of the stump than when laced in front. This socket is illustrated in the
various engravings representing legs for below the knee amputation. See
frontispiece, No. 204, No. 227 and No. 228.
[Illustration]
PART II
In this part we give descriptions and illustrations of ordinary styles
of legs, such as we have made here—with various modifications and
improvements, as suggested by time, wear and experience—for forty-five
years. Excepting the WALKEASY leg, described in Part I, there are no
better nor more reliable artificial limbs made anywhere by anyone, _and
the prices are much below_ those charged by other manufacturers.
The various styles are:
Wooden foot with ball-and-socket ankle joint and wooden socket.
Wooden foot with ball-and-socket ankle joint and leather lacing
socket.
Wooden foot with hinge ankle joint (army and navy or two-ball)
and wooden socket.
Wooden foot with hinge ankle joint (army and navy or two-ball)
and adjustable leather lacing socket.
Foot with sponge-rubber or felt removable sole and rigid ankle
and wooden socket.
Foot with rigid ankle and adjustable leather lacing socket.
The cords and springs used in the legs with articulated ankle joints are
the same as are used in the WALKEASY leg. The springs are rubber used by
compression, imparting easy, uniform motion, their power and action being
regulated by simply turning a nut, so that the wearer may adjust them to
suit his own peculiar gait.
In walking, when the weight of the body rests on the ball of the
foot, the spring in the back part of the leg (heel spring) is firmly
compressed, and when the weight of the body is thrown forward on to the
other foot the spring rises and carries the foot forward to its place
with very little effort of the wearer, assisting greatly in carrying the
weight of the leg.
The prices for legs described in this part, for amputation at any point
above the ankle, are, including suspenders, stump socks, etc., complete:
$50, warranted for one year.
$60, warranted for three years.
$70, warranted for five years.
A copy of the warranty is given on page 18.
Just as good a leg in every way is made for $50 as is made for $70, the
difference in price being determined wholly by the time the warranty is
made to cover.
If undetermined as to which leg would be best adapted to any particular
case, and it is left to our judgment to select, upon receipt of
measurements and full particulars we will construct the one we honestly
and conscientiously believe will give the most lasting and comfortable
service. We are equally interested with the purchaser in doing this,
as the continued good name of our establishment, as well as our future
prosperity, depend wholly upon the durability of our work and the comfort
with which it is worn.
_Ball-and-Socket Ankle Joint_
This joint is formed by a polished glass ball plying in a socket of
vulcanite, the foot and ankle being joined together with four tendons,
passing through rubber springs in the ankle; this joint admits of every
motion the natural ankle has. In walking on the side of a hill or
inclined plane, or where the foot is used to brace the body, the ankle
flexes laterally and the foot remains flat on the ground, thus giving a
firm base of support. The motion closely imitates the movement of the
natural ankle, and this joint is desirable for light work and short,
tender stumps. Notwithstanding it is more complicated than any of our
other styles, requiring more care and attention, there are hundreds
of people using it with such comfort and satisfaction that under no
circumstances whatever could they be induced to use any other. No. 216,
on page 40.
_Double Ball-and-Socket Ankle Joint_
This joint is a unique invention, and the idea of its construction
was suggested by the single ball-and-socket joint. It consists of two
polished glass balls plying in sockets of fibre. There is no substance
that could be used for this purpose that presents a harder, smoother
surface than glass, and when in the shape of solid polished spheres,
plying in perfectly fitted sockets, they are practically indestructible;
there is no such thing as wearing them out. A linked steel rod and a back
and front tendon securely connect the foot and ankle. The tendons, also
the rubber springs, are the same as used in all of our legs, and are
applied in the same manner. This is a somewhat lighter joint than the
army and navy joint and is recommended for persons of light or medium
weight. No. 217, on page 40.
_Army and Navy Ankle Joint_