CHAPTER III. WHETHER THE WORLD BE AN ANIMAL.

Democritus, Epicurus, and those philosophers who introduced atoms and a

vacuum, affirm that the world is not an animal, nor governed by any wise

Providence, but that it is managed by a nature which is void of reason.

All the other philosophers affirm that the world is informed with a

soul, and governed by reason and Providence. Aristotle is excepted, who

is somewhat different; he is of opinion, that the whole world is

not acted by a soul in every part of it, nor hath it any sensitive,

rational, or intellectual faculties, nor is it directed by reason and

Providence in every part of it; of all which the heavenly bodies are

made partakers, for the circumambient spheres are animated and are

living beings; but those things which are about the earth are void of

those endowments; and though those terrestrial bodies are of an orderly

disposition, yet that is casual and not primogenial.

Complete Works of Plutarch — Volume 3: Essays and Miscellanies · 第 3 / 43 章