QUALIFICATIONS.
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from
each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six years; and each
Senator shall have one vote.
Immediately after they shall be assembled, in consequence of the first
election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes.
The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the end
of the second year; of the second class, at the expiration of the fourth
year; and of the third class, at the expiration of the sixth year; so
that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen,
by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any
State, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments, until the
next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies.
No person shall be a Senator, who shall not have attained to the age of
thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and
who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which
he shall be chosen.--_Const. U. S._ Art. I. Sec. 3.
The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every
second year by the people of the several States; and the electors in
each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the
most numerous branch of the State Legislature.
No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the
age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United
States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State
in which he shall be chosen.
Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several
States which may be included within this Union, according to their
respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole
number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of
years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons.
The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first
meeting of Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent
term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number
of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand; but
each State shall have at least one Representative. _Const. U. S._ Art.
I. Sec. 2.
$The provisional apportionments of Representatives made in the
Constitution in 1787, and afterwards by Congress, were as follows:--
1787 1793 1801 1813
New Hampshire, 3 4 5 6
Massachusetts, 8 14 17 20
Rhode Island, 1 2 2 2
Connecticut, 5 7 7 7
Vermont, 2 6 6
New York, 6 10 17 27
New Jersey, 4 5 6 6
Pennsylvania, 8 13 18 23
Delaware, 1 1 1 2
Maryland, 6 8 9 9
Virginia, 10 19 22 23
Kentucky, 2 3 10
Tennessee, 1 6
North Carolina, 5 10 12 13
South Carolina, 5 6 8 9
Georgia, 3 2 4 6
Ohio, 6
When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the
executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such
vacancies.--_Const. U. S._ Art. I. Sec. 2.
No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was
elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the
United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof
shall have been increased during such time; and no person holding any
office under the United States shall be a member of either house during
his continuance in office.--_Const. U. S._ Art. I. Sec. 6.$