many-hued salt marshes and glowing inland meadows of the falling year.
Gray assigns them to dry localities from New England to Minnesota and
southward, while my own experience of them is limited to the New England
coast, where their stout leafy stems and bright-hued blossoms are
noticeable among the golden-rods and asters of September. The hasty
observer sometimes confuses the plant with the iron-weed, but the two
flowers are very different in color and in their manner of growth.
COMMON DITTANY.
_Cunila Mariana._ Mint Family (p. 16).
About one foot high. _Stem._—Much branched, reddish.
_Leaves._—Opposite, aromatic, dotted, smooth, ovate, rounded or
heart-shaped at base, set close to the stem. _Flowers._—Small, purple,
lilac or white, clustered. _Calyx._—Five-toothed. _Corolla._—Small,
two-lipped, the upper lip erect, usually notched, the lower
three-cleft. _Stamens._—Two, erect, protruding. _Pistil._—One, with a
two-lobed style.
In late August or early September the delicate flowers of the dittany
brighten the dry, sterile banks which flank so many of our roadsides. At
a season when few plants are flowering save the omnipresent members of
the great Composite family these dainty though unpretentious blossoms
are especially attractive. The plant has a pleasant fragrance.
[Illustration:
PLATE XCIX
BLAZING STAR.—_L. scariosa._
]
CLOSED GENTIAN.
_Gentiana Andrewsii._ Gentian Family.
_Stem._—One to two feet high, upright, smooth. _Leaves._—Opposite,
narrowly oval or lance-shaped. _Flowers._—Blue to purple, clustered at
the summit of the stem and often in the axils of the leaves.
_Calyx._—Four or five-cleft. _Corolla._—Closed at the mouth, large,
oblong. _Stamens._—Four or five. _Pistil._—One, with two stigmas.
Few flowers adapt themselves better to the season than the closed
gentian. We look for it in September when the early waning days and
frost-suggestive nights prove so discouraging to the greater part of the
floral world. Then in somewhat moist, shaded places along the roadside
we find this vigorous, autumnal-looking plant, with stout stems, leaves
that bronze as the days advance, and deep-tinted flowers firmly closed
as though to protect the delicate reproductive organs within from the
sharp touches of the late year.
To me the closed gentian usually shows a deep blue or even purple
countenance, although like the fringed gentian and so many other flowers
its color is lighter in the shade than in the sunlight. But Thoreau
claims for it a “transcendent blue,” “a splendid blue, light in the
shade, turning to purple with age.” “Bluer than the bluest sky, they
lurk in the moist and shady recesses of the banks,” he writes. Mr.
Burroughs also finds it “intensely blue.”
FIVE-FLOWERED GENTIAN.
_Gentiana quinqueflora._ Gentian Family.
_Stem._—Slender, branching, one or two feet high. _Leaves._—Opposite,
ovate, lance-shaped, partly clasping. _Flowers._—Pale blue, smaller
than those of the closed gentian, in clusters of about five at the
summit of stems and branches. _Calyx._—Four or five-cleft, small.
_Corolla._—Funnel-form, four or five-lobed, its lobes bristle-pointed.
_Stamens._—Four or five. _Pistil._—One, with two stigmas.
Although the five-flowered gentian is far less frequently encountered
than the closed gentian, it is very common in certain localities. Gray
assigns it to “moist hills” and “along the mountains to Florida.” I have
found it growing in great abundance on the Shawangunk Mountains in
Orange County, N. Y., where it flowers in September.
[Illustration:
PLATE C
CLOSED GENTIAN.—_G. Andrewsii._
]
FRINGED GENTIAN.
_Gentiana crinita._ Gentian Family.
_Stem._—One to two feet high. _Leaves._—Opposite, lance-shaped or
narrowly oval. _Flowers._—Blue, large. _Calyx._—Four-cleft, the lobes
unequal. _Corolla._—Funnel-form, with four fringed, spreading lobes.
_Stamens._—Four. _Pistil._—One, with two stigmas.
In late September when we have almost ceased to hope for new flowers we
are in luck if we chance upon this
—blossom bright with autumn dew
whose
—sweet and quiet eye
Looks through its fringes to the sky,
Blue—blue—as if that sky let fall,
A flower from its cerulean wall;[13]
for the fringed gentian is fickle in its habits, and the fact that we
have located it one season does not mean that we will find it in the
same place the following year; being a biennial, with seeds that are
easily washed away, it is apt to change its haunts from time to time. So
our search for this plant is always attended with the charm of
uncertainty. Once having ferreted out its new abiding-place, however, we
can satiate ourselves with its loveliness, which it usually lavishes
unstintingly upon the moist meadows which it has elected to honor.
Thoreau describes its color as “such a dark blue! surpassing that of the
male bluebird’s back!” My experience has been that the flowers which
grow in the shade are of a clear pure azure, “Heaven’s own blue,” as
Bryant claims; while those which are found in open, sunny meadows may be
justly said to vie with the back of the male bluebird. If the season has
been a mild one we shall perhaps find a few blossoms lingering into
November, but the plant is probably blighted by a severe frost, although
Miss Emily Dickinson’s little poem voices another opinion:
· · · · ·
But just before the snows
There came a purple creature
That ravished all the hill:
And Summer hid her forehead,
And mockery was still.
The frosts were her condition:
The Tyrian would not come
Until the North evoked it,
“Creator! shall I bloom?”
[Illustration:
PLATE CI
FRINGED GENTIAN.—_G. crinita._
]
VI
MISCELLANEOUS
SKUNK CABBAGE. SWAMP CABBAGE.
_Symplocarpus fœtidus._ Arum Family.
_Leaves._—Large, becoming one or two feet long; heart-shaped,
appearing later than the purple-mottled spathe and hidden flowers.
_Flowers._—Small and inconspicuous; packed on the fleshy spike which
is hidden within the spathe.
If we are bold enough to venture into certain swampy places in the
leafless woods and brown cheerless meadows of March, we notice that the
sharply pointed spathes of the skunk cabbage have already pierced the
surface of the earth. Until I chanced upon a passage in Thoreau’s
Journal under date of October 31st, I had supposed that these “hermits
of the bog” were only encouraged to make their appearance by the advent
of those first balmy, spring-suggestive days which occasionally occur as
early as February. But it seems that many of these young buds had pushed
their way upward before the winter set in, for Thoreau counsels those
who are afflicted with the melancholy of autumn to go to the swamps,
“and see the brave spears of skunk-cabbage buds already advanced toward
a new year.” “Mortal and human creatures must take a little respite in
this fall of the year,” he writes. “Their spirits do flag a little.
There is a little questioning of destiny, and thinking to go like
cowards to where the weary shall be at rest. But not so with the
skunk-cabbage. Its withered leaves fall and are transfixed by a rising
bud. Winter and death are ignored. The circle of life is complete. Are
these false prophets? Is it a lie or a vain boast underneath the
skunk-cabbage bud pushing it upward and lifting the dead leaves with
it?”
[Illustration:
PLATE CII
SKUNK CABBAGE.—_S. fœtidus._
]
The purplish shell-like leaf, which curls about the tiny flowers which
are thus hidden from view, is a rather grewsome-looking object,
suggestive of a great snail when it lifts itself fairly above its muddy
bed. When one sees it grouped with brother-cabbages it is easy to
understand why a nearly allied species, which abounds along the Italian
Riviera, should be entitled “Cappucini” by the neighboring peasants, for
the bowed, hooded appearance of these plants might easily suggest the
cowled Capuchins.
It seems unfortunate that our earliest spring flower (for such it
undoubtedly is) should possess so unpleasant an odor as to win for
itself the unpoetic title of skunk cabbage. There is also some
incongruity in the heading of the great floral procession of the year by
the minute hidden blossoms of this plant. That they are enabled to
survive the raw March winds which are rampant when they first appear is
probably due to the protection afforded them by the leathery leaf or
spathe. When the true leaves unfold they mark the wet woods and meadows
with bright patches of rich foliage, which with that of the hellebore,
flash constantly into sight as we travel through the country in April.
It is interesting to remember that the skunk cabbage is nearly akin to
the spotless calla lily, the purple-mottled spathe of the one answering
to the snowy petal-like leaf of the other. Meehan tells us that the name
bear-weed was given to the plant by the early Swedish settlers in the
neighborhood of Philadelphia. It seems that the bears greatly relished
this early green, which Meehan remarks “must have been a hot morsel, as
the juice is acrid, and is said to possess some narcotic power, while
that of the root, when chewed, causes the eyesight to grow dim.”
WILD GINGER.
_Asarum Canadense._ Birthwort Family.
_Leaves._—One or two on each plant, kidney or heart-shaped, fuzzy,
long-stalked. _Flower._—Dull purplish-brown, solitary, close to the
ground on a short flower-stalk from the fork of the leaves.
_Calyx._—Three-cleft, bell-shaped. _Corolla._—None. _Stamens._—Twelve.
_Pistil._—One, with a thick style and six thick, radiating stigmas.
[Illustration:
PLATE CIII
WILD GINGER.—_A. Canadense._
]
Certain flowers might be grouped under the head of “vegetable cranks.”
Here would be classed the evening primrose, which only opens at night,
the closed gentian, which never opens at all, and the wild ginger, whose
odd, unlovely flower seeks protection beneath its long-stemmed fuzzy
leaves, and hides its head upon the ground as if unwilling to challenge
comparison with its more brilliant brethren. Unless already familiar
with this plant there is nothing to tell one when it has reached its
flowering season; and many a wanderer through the rocky woods in early
May quite overlooks its shy, shamefaced blossom.
The ginger-like flavor of the rootstock is responsible for its common
name. It grows wild in many parts of Europe and is cultivated in
England, where at one time it was considered a remedy for headache and
deafness.
JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT. INDIAN TURNIP.
_Arisæma triphyllum._ Arum Family.
_Scape._—Terminated by a hood-like leaf or spathe. _Leaves._—Generally
two, each divided into three leaflets. _Flowers._—Small and
inconspicuous, packed about the lower part of the fleshy spike or
spadix which is shielded by the spathe. _Fruit._—A bright scarlet
berry which is packed upon the spadix with many others.
These quaint little preachers, ensconced in their delicate pulpits, are
well known to all who love the woods in early spring. Sometimes these
“pulpits” are of a light green veined with a deeper tint; again they are
stained with purple. This difference in color has been thought to
indicate the sex of the flowers within—the males are said to be shielded
by the green, the females by the purple, hoods. In the nearly allied
cuckoo-pints of England, matters appear to be reversed: these plants are
called “Lords and Ladies” by the children, the purple-tinged ones being
the “Lords,” the light green ones the “Ladies.” The generic name,
_Arisæma_, signifies _bloody arum_, and refers to the dark purple stains
of the spathe. An old legend claims that these were received at the
Crucifixion:
Beneath the cross it grew;
And in the vase-like hollow of the leaf,
Catching from that dread shower of agony
A few mysterious drops, transmitted thus
Unto the groves and hills their healing stains,
A heritage, for storm or vernal shower
Never to blow away.
[Illustration:
PLATE CIV
JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT.—_A. triphyllum._
]
The Indians were in the habit of boiling the bright scarlet berries
which are so conspicuous in our autumn woods and devouring them with
great relish; they also discovered that the bulb-like base or _corm_, as
it is called, lost its acridity on cooking, and made nutritious food,
winning for the plant its name of Indian turnip. One of its more local
titles is memory-root, which it owes to a favorite school-boy trick of
tempting others to bite into the blistering corm with results likely to
create a memorable impression.
The English cuckoo-pint yielded a starch which was greatly valued in the
time of Elizabethan ruffs, although it proved too blistering to the
hands of the washerwomen to remain long in use. Owing to the profusion
with which the plant grows in Ireland efforts have been made to utilize
it as food in periods of scarcity. By grating the corm into water, and
then pouring off the liquid and drying the sediment, it is said that a
tasteless, but nutritious, powder can be procured.
ALUM-ROOT.
_Heuchera Americana._ Saxifrage Family.
_Stems._—Two to three feet high, glandular, more or less hairy.
_Leaves._—Heart-shaped, with short, rounded lobes, wavy-toothed,
mostly from the root. _Flowers._—Greenish or purplish, in long narrow
clusters. _Calyx._—Bell-shaped, broad, five-cleft. _Corolla._—Of five
small petals. _Stamens._—Five. _Pistil._—One, with two slender styles.
In May the slender clusters of the alum-root are found in the rocky
woods.
BLUE COHOSH.
_Caulophyllum thalictroides._ Barberry Family.
_Stems._—One to two and a half feet high. _Leaf._—Large, divided into
many lobed leaflets; often a smaller one at the base of the
flower-cluster. _Flowers._—Yellowish-green, clustered at the summit of
the stem, appearing while the leaf is still small. _Calyx._—Of six
sepals, with three or four small bractlets at base. _Corolla._—Of six
thick, somewhat kidney-shaped or hooded petals, with short claws.
_Stamens._—Six. _Pistil._—One. _Fruit._—Bluish, berry-like.
In the deep rich woods of early spring, especially westward, may be
found the clustered flowers and divided leaf of the blue cohosh. The
generic name is from two Greek words signifying _stem_ and _leaf_, “the
stems seeming to form a stalk for the great leaf.” (Gray.)
EARLY MEADOW RUE.
_Thalictrum dioicum._ Crowfoot Family.
One to two feet high. _Leaves._—Divided into many smooth, lobed, pale,
drooping leaflets. _Flowers._—Purplish and greenish, unisexual.
_Calyx._—Of four or five petal-like sepals. _Corolla._—None.
_Stamens._—Indefinite in number, with linear yellowish anthers
drooping on hair-like filaments (stamens and pistils occurring on
different plants). _Pistils._—Four to fourteen.
The graceful drooping foliage of this plant is perhaps more noticeable
than the small flowers which appear in the rocky woods in April or May.
LILY-LEAVED LIPARIS.
_Liparis liliifolia._ Orchis Family (p. 17).
_Scape._—Low, from a solid bulb. _Leaves._—Two, ovate, smooth.
_Flowers._—Purplish or greenish, with thread-like reflexed petals and
a large brown-purplish lip an inch and a half long; growing in a
raceme.
In the moist, rich woods of June we may look for these flowers. The
generic name is derived from two Greek words which signify _fat_ or
_shining_, in reference to “the smooth or unctuous leaves.” (Gray.)
BEECHDROPS. CANCER-ROOT.
_Epiphegus Virginiana._ Broom-rape Family.
_Stems._—Slender, fleshy, branching, with small scales; purplish,
yellowish or brownish. _Leaves._—None. _Flowers._—Purplish, yellowish
or brownish, spiked or racemed, small, of two kinds, the upper
sterile, the lower fertile.
These curious-looking plants abound in the shade of beech-trees, drawing
nourishment from their roots. The upper open flowers are sterile; the
lower ones, which never expand, accomplish the continuance of their
kind.
PINE SAP. FALSE BEECHDROPS.
_Monotropa Hypopitys._ Heath Family.
A low fleshy herb without green foliage; tawny, reddish, or whitish.
_Flowers._—Resembling in structure those of the Indian pipe, but
clustered in a raceme.
The pine sap is a parasitic plant which is closely allied to the Indian
pipe (Pl. XXI.). Its clustered flowers are usually fragrant. The plant
is commonly of a somewhat tawny hue, but occasionally one finds a bright
red specimen. It flourishes in oak or pine-woods from June till August.
RATTLESNAKE-ROOT.
_Prenanthes alba._
_Height._—Two to four feet. _Leaves._—The lower cleft or toothed, the
uppermost oblong and undivided. _Flower-heads._—Nodding, composed of
white or greenish strap-shaped flowers surrounded by a purplish
involucre.
LION’S FOOT. GALL-OF-THE-EARTH.
_Prenanthes serpentaria._ Composite Family (p. 13).
_Height._—About two feet. _Leaves._—Roughish, the lower lobed, the
upper oblong lance-shaped. _Flower-heads._—Nodding, composed of
greenish or cream-colored strap-shaped flowers surrounded by a
greenish or purple involucre.
These plants are peculiarly decorative in late summer on account of
their graceful, drooping, bell-shaped flower-heads. The flowers
themselves almost escape notice, and their color is rather difficult to
determine, the purplish or greenish involucre being the plants’
conspicuous feature.
The generic name is from the Greek, and signifies _drooping blossom_.
WILD BEAN. GROUND-NUT.
_Apios tuberosa._ Pulse Family (p. 16).
_Stem._—Twining and climbing over bushes. _Leaves._—Divided into three
to seven narrowly oval leaflets. _Flowers._—Papilionaceous, purplish
or chocolate-color, somewhat violet-scented, closely clustered in
racemes.
In late summer the dark, rich flowers of the wild bean are found in
short, thick clusters among the luxuriant undergrowth and thickets of
low ground. The plant is a climber, bearing edible pear-shaped tubers on
underground shoots, which give it its generic name signifying _a pear_.
CORAL-ROOT.
_Corallorhiza multiflora._ Orchis Family (p. 17).
_Rootstock._—Much branched, coral-like, toothed. _Stem._—Nine to
eighteen inches high, without green foliage. _Flowers._—Rather small,
dull brownish-purple or yellowish, sometimes mottled with red; growing
in a raceme.
In the dry summer woods one frequently encounters the dull racemes of
this rather inconspicuous little plant. It is often found in the
immediate neighborhood of the Indian pipe and pine sap. Being, like
them, without green foliage, it might be taken for an allied species by
the casual observer. This is one of those orchids which are popularly
considered unworthy to bear the name, giving rise to so much incredulity
or disappointment in the unbotanical.
INDEX TO LATIN NAMES
Achillea Millefolium, 94
Actæa alba, 50
Actæa rubra, 52
Agrimonia Eupatoria, 156
Aletris farinosa, 86
Alisma Plantago, 98
Althæa officinalis, 206
Amelanchier oblongifolia, 22
Ampelopsis quinquefolia, 65
Amphicarpæa monoica, 262
Anagallis arvensis, 226
Anaphilis margaritacea, 112
Anemone nemorosa, 24
Anemone Virginiana, 76
Anemonella thalictroides, 26
Antennaria plantaginifolia, 32
Anthemis Cotula, 71
Aphyllon uniflorum, 236
Apios tuberosa, 284
Apocynum androsæmifolium, 188
Aquilegia Canadensis, 214
Aralia nudicaulis, 42
Aralia quinquefolia, 40
Aralia racemosa, 42
Aralia trifolia, 40
Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi, 46
Arethusa bulbosa, 248
Arisæma triphyllum, 280
Asarum Canadense, 278
Asclepias Cornuti, 192
Asclepias incarnata, 193
Asclepias purpurascens, 193
Asclepias quadrifolia, 193
Asclepias tuberosa, 222
Asclepias verticillata, 110
Ascyrum Crux-Andreæ, 150
Aster cordifolius, 268
Aster corymbosus, 105
Aster ericoides, 105
Aster multiflorus, 106
Aster Novæ Angliæ, 268
Aster patens, 268
Aster puniceus, 268
Aster spectabilis, 268
Aster umbellatus, 105
Baccharis halimifolia, 110
Baptisia tinctoria, 144
Barbarea vulgaris, 130
Berberis vulgaris, 142
Bidens chrysanthemoides, 168
Bidens frondosa, 166
Brassica nigra, 130
Brunella vulgaris, 254
Calopogon pulchellus, 182
Caltha palustris, 113
Campanula rotundifolia, 241
Capsella Bursa-pastoris, 29
Cardamine rhomboidea, 29
Cassia Chamæcrista, 148
Cassia Marilandica, 146
Castilleia coccinea, 219
Caulophyllum thalictroides, 282
Ceanothus Americanus, 71
Celastrus scandens, 77
Cephalanthus occidentalis, 82
Cerastium arvense, 74
Chelidonium majus, 116
Chelone glabra, 100
Chimaphila maculata, 68
Chimaphila umbellata, 68
Chiogenes serpyllifolia, 46
Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum, 68
Chrysopsis falcata, 160
Chrysopsis Mariana, 160
Cichorium Intybus, 266
Cicuta maculata, 97
Cimicifuga racemosa, 78
Circæa Alpina, 76
Circæa Lutetiana, 76
Claytonia Virginica, 32
Clematis Virginiana, 102
Clethra alnifolia, 104
Clintonia borealis, 122
Clintonia umbellata, 124
Collinsia verna, 234
Collinsonia Canadensis, 158
Comandra umbellata, 71
Commelina Virginica, 256
Convolvulus Americanus, 190
Convolvulus arvensis, 190
Coptis trifolia, 28
Corallorhiza multiflora, 284
Cornus Canadensis, 54
Cornus circinata, 49
Cornus paniculata, 49
Cornus stolonifera, 49
Corydalis aurea, 192
Corydalis glauca, 192
Cratægus coccinea, 50
Crotalaria sagittalis, 145
Cunila Mariana, 270
Cuphea viscosissima, 202
Cuscuta Epilinum, 102
Cuscuta Gronovii, 102
Cynoglossum officinale, 222
Cypripedium acaule, 180
Cypripedium parviflorum, 124
Cypripedium pubescens, 124
Dalibarda repens, 84
Datura Stramonium, 104
Datura Tatula, 105
Daucus Carota, 96
Delphinium exaltatum, 240
Delphinium tricorne, 240
Dentaria diphylla, 29
Desmodium acuminatum, 196
Desmodium Canadense, 194
Desmodium Dillenii, 196
Desmodium nudiflorum, 196
Dianthus Armeria, 198
Dicentra Canadensis, 36
Dicentra Cucullaria, 34
Diervilla trifida, 134
Discopleura capillacea, 97
Draba verna, 29
Drosera Americana, 91
Drosera filiformis, 91
Drosera rotundifolia, 91
Echinocystis lobata, 105
Echium vulgare, 257
Elodes campanulata, 204
Epigæa repens, 173
Epilobium angustifolium, 208
Epilobium coloratum, 210
Epilobium hirsutum, 208
Epiphegus Virginiana, 283
Erigenia bulbosa, 30
Erigeron annuus, 70
Erigeron bellidifolius, 235
Erigeron Philadelphicus, 236
Erigeron strigosus, 70
Erythronium albidum, 116
Erythronium Americanum, 114
Eupatorium ageratoides, 106
Eupatorium perfoliatum, 106
Eupatorium purpureum, 210
Euphorbia corollata, 80
Galium Aparine, 76
Gaultheria procumbens, 72
Gaylussacia resinosa, 66
Genista tinctoria, 145
Gentiana Andrewsii, 272
Gentiana crinita, 274
Gentiana quinqueflora, 272
Geranium maculatum, 238
Geranium Robertianum, 193
Gerardia flava, 168
Gerardia maritima, 210
Gerardia purpurea, 210
Gerardia quercifolia, 168
Gerardia tenuifolia, 210
Geum album, 86
Gnaphalium polycephalum, 112
Goodyera pubescens, 94
Habenaria blephariglottis, 92
Habenaria ciliaris, 152
Habenaria fimbriata, 249
Habenaria lacera, 82
Habenaria psycodes, 249
Habenaria virescens, 82
Hamamelis Virginiana, 170
Hedeoma pulegioides, 249
Helenium autumnale, 166
Helianthemum Canadense, 140
Helianthus annuus, 166
Helianthus divaricatus, 164
Helianthus giganteus, 164
Hepatica triloba, 229
Heuchera Americana, 282
Hibiscus Moscheutos, 206
Hieracium aurantiacum, 224
Hieracium scabrum, 132
Hieracium venosum, 132
Houstonia cærulea, 232
Hudsonia tomentosa, 134
Hydrophyllum Virginicum, 72
Hypericum perforatum, 148
Hypoxis erecta, 142
Ilex verticillata, 52
Impatiens fulva, 154
Impatiens pallida, 154
Inula Helenium, 162
Iris versicolor, 244
Jeffersonia diphylla, 30
Kalmia angustifolia, 185
Kalmia latifolia, 57
Krigia amplexicaulis, 132
Krigia Virginica, 132
Lathyrus maritimus, 264
Leontodon autumnalis, 164
Leonurus cardiaca, 250
Lespedeza capitata, 194
Lespedeza polystachya, 194
Lespedeza procumbens, 194
Lespedeza reticulata, 194
Liatris scariosa, 270
Lilium Canadense, 136
Lilium Philadelphicum, 219
Lilium superbum, 220
Linaria Canadensis, 257
Linaria vulgaris, 146
Lindera Benzoin, 114
Linnæa borealis, 176
Liparis liliifolia, 283
Lobelia cardinalis, 226
Lobelia inflata, 262
Lobelia syphilitica, 260
Lonicera ciliata, 228
Lonicera grata, 228
Lonicera sempervirens, 228
Lupinus perennis, 240
Lychnis Githago, 252
Lysimachia quadrifolia, 138
Lysimachia stricta, 140
Lythrum Salicaria, 198
Magnolia glauca, 56
Maianthemum Canadense, 28
Malva rotundifolia, 206
Medeola Virginica, 127
Medicago lupulina, 144