contexture (kon-teks'tur), system, texture.

continuity (kon'ti-nu'i-ti), the being continuous.

contrite (kon'trit), humbly penitent.

contrition (kon-trish'un), self reproach.

contumely (kon'tu-me-li), disdain, scorn.

convene (kon-ven'), assemble.

convex (kon'veks), rising or swelling into a rounded form; opposite from

concave.

convoluted (kon'vo-lut'ed), rolled together, one part upon another.

convulse (kon-vuls') contract violently and irregularly.

coof (koof),

coot (koot), a kind of duck.

copious (ko'pi-us), plentiful.

coppice (kop is), a grove of growth.

corbel (kor'bel), a bracket.

cordage (kor'daj), anything made of rope or cord.

corroborate (ko-rob'o-rat), make more certain, confirm.

corrupt (ko-rupt'), change from good to bad.

corse (kors), a corpse.

corselet (kors'let), breastplate.

Corsica (kor'si-ka), an island in the Mediterranean, belonging to France,

the birthplace of Napoleon.

Cossacks (kos'aks), a military people inhabiting the steppes of Russia.

council (koun'sil), assembly or meeting, assembly for advice.

counsel (koun'sel), interchange of opinions; advise.

countenance (koun'ti-nans), appearance of the face, the features.

counterfeit (koun'ter-fit), that which resembles another thing; carry on a

deception.

counterpart (koun'ter-part'), a copy, duplicate.

Coureur-de-bois (koo'rur'de-bwa'), a class of men, French by birth, who,

through long association with the Indians were only half civilized. Their

chief occupation was conducting the canoes of the traders along the lakes

and rivers of the interior.

courier (koo'rl-er), a messenger.

Court of St. James, the official name of the British court. St. James's

Palace was formerly the royal residentce.

courteous (kur'te-us), polite.

courtesy (kur'te-si), good breeding.

cove (kov), a small inlet or bay.

covertly (kuv'ert-li), secretly.

covet (kuv'et), long for.

craft (kraft), art or skill; a vessel.

crag (krag), steep, rugged rock.

Craigie House (krag'i), the house in Cambridge in which Longfellow lived

from 1836 until his death. During the Revolution, it had been Washington's

headquarters.

crane (kran), an iron arm fastened to a fireplace and used for supporting

kettles over the fire,

cranny (kran'i), a chink.

crank (krank), top-heavy.

craven (kra'v'n), coward; faint-hearted.

craw (kro), crop or stomach.

credentials (kre-den'shalz), testimonies of the bearer's right to

recognition.

creditor (kred'i-ter), one to whom money is due.

credulous (kred'e-lus), apt to believe on slight evidence.

Creeks (krekz), a powerful confederation of Indians who occupied the

greater part of Alabama and Georgia.

crescent (kres'ent), the increasing moon; anything shaped like a new moon;

emblem of the Turkish Empire.

crest (krest), upper curve of a horse's neck.

crevice (krev'is), a narrow crack.

crier (kri'er), one who gives notice by proclamation.

criterion (kri-te'ri-un), standard of judging.

critic (krit'Ik), one skilled in judging.

critical (krit'i-kal), decisive; important.

Croisickese (kroiz'i-kez), an inhabitant of Croisic, a small

fishing-village near the mouth of the Loire. Here Browning wrote Herve

Riel.

Cromwell, Oliver (1599-1658), commander-in-chief of the parliamentary

forces in the struggle with Charles I of England.

cronies (kro'niz), intimate companions.

cross (kros), emblem of the Roman Catholic church.

croupe (kroop), the place on the horse behind the saddle.

crucifix (kroo'si'fiks), a representation of the figure of Christ upon the

cross.

cruise (krooz), a voyage in various directions.

crypt (kript), a vault; cell for burial purposes.

crystaline (kris'tal-in), pure; transparent; consisting of crystal.

culprit (kul'prit), a criminal.

cumberless (kum'ber-les), without care.

cumbrous (kum'brus), burdensome.

cunning (kun'ing), skill.

"cunning-warded keys," knowledge which comes only from close observation

and which is hidden from the less observant.

curb (kurb), to keep in check.

curfew (kur'fu), an evening bell, originally to cover fires and retire to

rest.

curlew (kur'lu), a wading bird, having a long, curved bill.

custom (kus'tum), duty or toll imposed by law on commodities imported or

exported.

cylindrical (si-lin'dri-kal), having the form of a cylinder.

Dalhem (dal'em), town in Belgium.

dalliance (dal'i-ans), delay; interchange of caresses.

Damfreville (dam'fre-vil), commander of the fleet.

Dante's Divine Comedy (dan'te), celebrated Italian poem in three parts,

"Hell," "Purgatory," "Paradise."

dapper (dap'er), little and active; trim.

darkling (dark'ling), gloomy.

Dartmouth (dart'muth), college at Hanover, N. H.

dastard (das'tard), coward.

daunted (dant'ed), dismayed.

dauntless (dant'les), fearless.

David.

"dead of night," middle of the night.

dearth (durth), want, lack.

debatable (de-bat'a-b'l), open to question or dispute.

decease (de-ses'), death.

decisive (de-si'siv), positive, final.

decorum (de-ko'rum), proper conduct.

decree (de-kre'), law; decision given by a court or umpire.

decrepit (de-krep'it), worn out with age.

deeming (dem'mg), thinking.

defaced (de-fast'), disfigured, marred.

defer (de-fur'), postpone; yield to the wishes of another.

deference (def'er-ens), respect.

defiance (de-fi'ans), disposition to resist.

defile (de-fil'), pass between hills.

deflower (de-flou'er), deprive of flowers; take away the beauty of.

defy (de-fi'), dare.

degenerate (de-jen'er-at), grow worse or meaner.

deities (de'i-tiz), heathen gods.

delegate (del'e-gat), send as one's representative.

deliberate (de-lib'er-at), not hasty; (de-lib'er-at), weigh in one's mind.

delineate (de-lin'e-at), represent by sketch; describe.

delirious (de-lir'i-us), wild with feeling.

Delos (de'los), the smallest island of the Cyclades, according to legend

originally a floating island and the birthplace of Apollo.

deluge (del'uj), flood.

delusion (de-lu'zhun), deception for want of knowledge.

delusive (de-lu'siv), deceptive.

demeanor (de-men'er), behavior.

demon (de'mon), evil spirit.

demoniac (de-mo'ni-ak), like a demon.

denotement (de-not'ment), sign or indication.

deplorably (de-plor'a-bli), grievously.

depositories (de-poz'i-to-riz), place where anything is stored for keeping.

depravity (de-prav'i-ti), corruption, wickedness.

derision (de-rizh'un), insult.

descent (de-sent'), a passing downward.

descried (de-skrid'), saw, beheld.

desert (dez'ert), solitary; empty.

designate (des'ig-nat), point out.

desist (de-zist'), stop.

desolateness (des'e-lat-nes), state of being desolate or lonely.

despair (de-spar'), give up hope.

desperate (des'per-at), hopeless, reckless.

despicable (des'pi-ka-b'l), fit to be despised; mean.

despondent (de-spon'dent), low spirited.

despotism (des'pot-iz'm), tyranny.

destined (des'tind), marked out.

destiny (des'ti-ni), doom, fate.

detained (de-tand'), kept back or from; delayed.

detract (de-trakt'), take away.

detractor (de-trak'ter), one who slanders.

deviate (de'vi-at), go put of the way.

device (de-vis'), design; invention.

devious (de'vi-us), wandering.

devoid (de-void'), destitute.

devotee (dev'o-te'), one wholly devoted.

devoutly (de-vout'li), earnestly.

dexterity (deks-ter'i-ti), skill.

dexterous (deks'ter-us), skillful, artful.

diffuse (di-fuz'), spread.

dight (dit), adorn.

dignities (dig-'ni-tiz), honors.

dike (dik), embankment to prevent flooding.

diligence (dil'i-jens), industry.

dinning (din'ing), incessant talking.

"dire-struck," struck with terror.

dirge (durj), funeral hymn.

discern (di-zurn'), see, detect.

discipline (dis'i-plin), training; punishment.

disconsolate (dis-kon'so-lat), sorrowful, comfortless.

discordant (dis-kor'dant), not harmonious.

discountenance (dis-koun'te-nans), not approve of; discourage.

discourse (dis-kors'), conversation.

discredit (dis-kred'it), disbelief.

disembogue (dis'em-bog'), discharge; flow out.

disguise (dis-giz'), change the appearance of.

dismember (dis-mem'ber), disjoint.

disperse (dis-purs'), scatter.

disputation (dis'pu-ta'shun), dispute, a reasoning on opposite sides.

disqualify (dis-kwol'i-fi), render unfit.

dissever (di-sev'er), part in two.

dissolution (dis'o-lu'shun), separating into parts.

dissonant (dis'o-nant), sounding harshly, discordant.

distaff (dis'taf), a staff holding a bunch of flax, tow, or wool, from

which thread is spun by hand.

distended (dis-tend'ed), lengthened out.

distorted (dis-tort'ed), twisted, wrested.

ditto (dit'o), exact copy.

diverge (di-vurj'), extend from a common point in different directions.

divers (di'verz), several, different.

divert (di-vurt'), turn aside.

divest (di-vest'), deprive; strip.

divine (di-vin'), godlike; foretell.

divinity (di-vin'i-ty), deity, God.

docile (dos'il), easily managed.

doctrine (dok'trin), principle of faith.

doff (dof), put off (dress).

doling (dol'n'g), giving out scantily or grudgingly.

domestic (do-mes'tik), pertaining to one's home.

domination (dom'i-na'shun), exercise of power in ruling; authority.

dormer-window (dor'mer), a vertical window in a sloping roof.

"double-reefed trysail," a sail reduced in extent doubly to adapt it to the

force of the wind.

doublet (dub'let), a close-fitting coat, formerly worn.

dower (dou'er), that with which one is gifted or endowed.

drama (dra'ma), a picture of human life, especially for representation on

the stage.

draught (draft), act of drinking.

drawbridge, a bridge which may be raised or let down.

"drink the cup," a biblical expression meaning endure.

dross (dros), waste matter, dregs.

Druids (droo'idz), ancient Celtic priests.

dubious (du'bi-us), doubtful, questionable.

dune (dun), a low hill of drifting sand.

dynasty (di'nas-ti), sovereignty, dominion.

ebony (eb'un-i), a hard wood capable of a fine polish; black

ecstasy (ek'sta-si), a state of over-mastering feeling; height.

eddy (ed'i), move in a circle; whirling.

edifice (ed'i-fis), splendid building.

effected (e-fekt'ed), accomplished,

efficacious (ef'i-ka'shus), capable of producing a desired effect.

efficacy (ef'i-ka-si), force.

efficient (e-fish'ent), active, helpful.

effulgence (e-ful'jens), great luster or brightness.

eke (ek), also.

election (e-lek'shun), choice

elevation (el'e-va'shun), height.

elfin (el'fin), relating to little elves or fairies.

Elfland (elf'land), fairy land.

Elijah (e-li'ja), II Kings, 2, 11.

eloquence (el'o-kwens), effective speech.

Ellwond, Thomas, a Quaker, who was a friend of Milton, and wrote a long

poem on King David.

Elysian Fields (e-lizh'an), the fabled dwelling place of happy souls after

death.

emancipation (e-man'si-pa'shun), freedom.

embargo (em-bar'go), restraint

embassy (em'ba-si), a solemn message.

ember (em'ber), a lighted coal, smoldering amid ashes.

emblazon (em-bla'z'n), illuminate, make light and beautiful.

emblem (em'blem), visible sign of an idea.

embosomed (em-booz'und), sheltered.

embrasure (em-bra'zhur), a window having its sides slanted on the inside.

emerge (e-murj'), appear.

emergency (e-mur'jen-si), necessity.

eminence (em'i-nens), height.

eminently (em'i-nent-li), highly.

emulation (em'u-la'shun), great desire to excel,

enchantress (en-chan'tres), a wicked fairy, who weaves spells over her

victims.

encomium (en-ko'mi-um), high praise.

encompass (en-kum'pas), surround,

encore (an-kor', an'kor), again; the same.

encounter (en-koun'ter), a meeting face to face.

encroach (en-kroch'), enter gradually into anothers rights.

Encyclopaedia Britannica (en-si'klo-pe'di-a bri-tan'i-ka), a dictionary of

the arts, sciences, and literature.

endeavor (en-dev'er), effort.

endow (en-dou'), enrich.

enervate (en'er-vat), weaken.

enhance (en-hans'), increase.

enjoin (en-join'), urge.

enraptured (en-rap'turd), delighted beyond measure.

ensign (en'sin), banner; national flag.

entreaty (en-tret'i), an earnest request.

envelop (en-vel'up), wrap in.

epaulet (ep'o-let), a shoulder ornament worn by military and naval

officers, and indicating differences of rank.

epic (ep'ik), an heroic poem.

epicurism (ep'i-kur-iz'm), pleasures of the table.

epitaph (ep'i-taf), inscription on a tomb.

equip (e-kwip'), furnish or fit out.

equity (ek'wi-ti), fairness, impartial justice.

era (e'ra), a period of time.

eradicate (e-rad'i-kat), destroy utterly.

Erzeroum (erz'room'), the principal city of Turkish Armenia.

Esk (esk), a river in Scotland flowing into the Solway Firth.

espouse (es-pouz'), make one's own; marry.

essay (e-sa'), try,

essence (es'ens), substance.

essential (e-sen'shal), indispensably necessary.

estate (es-tat'), possession; wealth.

estranged (es-tranjd'), indifferent.

eternal (e-tur'nal), endless; perpetual.

Eternal City, Rome.

ether (e'ther), an extremely fine fluid, lighter than air, supposed to

pervade all space beyond the atmosphere of the earth.

ethereal (e-the're-al), spiritlike; heavenly.

Evan (e'van),

Evangeline (e-van'je-len), the gentle Acadian maiden, and subject of the

poem.

evangelists (e-van'jel-istz), writers of the gospels.

evince (e-vins'), show clearly.

ewe-necked (u'nekt'), having a thin, hollow neck.

excess (ek-ses'), that which exceeds the ordinary limit, extravagance.

exclusive (eks-kloo'siv), shutting out others.

execration (ek'se-kra'shun), a cursing;

execution (ek'se-ku'shun), carrying to effect.

executive (eg-zek'u-tiv), a chief magistrate or officer who administers the

government; the governing person.

exempt (eg-zempt'), free.

exertion (eg-zur'shun), effort.

exhausted (eg-zos'ted), tired out, wearied.

exit (ek'sit), departure of a player from the stage after performing his

part.

expanse (eks-pans'), extent, a continuous area.

expedition (eks'pe-dish'un), excursion, voyage.

expert (eks-purt'), skillful.

expire (ek-spir'), die.

explicit (eks-plis'it), distinctly stated, clear.

expostulation (eks-pos'tu-la'shun), earnest reasoning or remonstrance.

express (eks-pres'), exact, clear,

exterior (eks-te'ri-er), outside.

exterminate (eks-tur'mi-nat), drive away, root out.

external (eks-tur'nal), outside, foreign.

extract (eks'trakt), a selection; short part of a book or writing.

extravagance (eks-trav'a-gans), want of moderation, lavishness.

extremity (eks-trem'i-ti), greatest peril.

extricate (eks'tri-kat), free.

exult (eg-zult'), be in high spirits; triumph.

facile (fas'il), ready.

faculty (fak'ul-ti), mental power.

fain (fan), willingly.

fallow (fal'o), land plowed but not seeded.

Faneuil Hall (fan'l), a building in Boston, Massachusetts, where

Revolutionary orators frequently addressed public meetings.

fantastic (fan-tas'tik), grotesque; imaginary.

"fatal sisters," this refers to the three Fates of Greek mythology,

"spinners of the thread of life." The first, Clotho, spins the thread of

life, the second, Lachesis, determines its length, and the third, Atropos,

cuts it. The Greek Fates have their counterpart in the Norse Norns.

Fata Morgana (fa'ta mor-ga'na), a mirage at sea. The spectator on shore

sees images of men, houses, and ships, sometimes on the sea; so-called

because formerly regarded as the work of a fairy of this name.

Father of Waters, a fanciful name given by the Indians to the Mississippi

River.

fathom (fath'um), find the depth of; measure of length containing six feet.

Fatigue (fa-teg'), weariness from labor or exertion.

Federal (fed'er-al), a friend of the Constitution of the United States at

its adoption.

feign (fan), pretend.

feint (fant), pretense.

Felician, Father (fe-lish'an),

felicity (fe-lis'i-ti), happiness.

fell (fel), a rocky hill.

felloe (fel'o), the outside rim of a wheel supported by the spokes.

felon (fel'un) one guilty of a crime.

Fenwick (fen wik), a Scotch family.

Feroe (fer'o), a group of islands in the North Sea between the Shetlands

and Iceland.

fervently (fur'_vent-li), earnestly.

festoons (fes-toonz'), green vines or leaves hanging in a curve, garlands.

fettered (fet'erd), bound.

feudal (fu'dal), the feudal ystem, by which the holding of land depended

upon rendering military service to the king or feudal lord during the

Middle Ages.

filch (filch), steal.

filial (fil'yal), dutiful as a child to his parent.

film (film), a thin, slight covering.

finance (fi-nans'), public money.

"finny herd," a school of fish.

firmament (fur'ma-ment), heavens.

"fishing smack," a small sloop-rigged vessel used for fishing along the

coast.

flag-bird, a poetic word for standard.

flagon (flag'un), a vessel with a narrow mouth for holding liquor.

flail (flal), a wooden instrument for threshing out grain by hand.

"flame pennons," (flam-pen'un), swallow-tailed flags.

flank (flank), the side of an animal, between the ribs and hip.

flaunt (riant), display with pride or in a showy manner.

Flemish (flem'ish), pertaining to Flanders, One of the provinces of

Belgium. A favorite subject of Flemish painters was the family group around

the fireside.

Flimen (flim''n),

floundering (floun'der-ing), tossing and tumbling.

flurry (flur'i), hurry.

flux (fluks), the setting in of the tide toward the shore.

fondling (fond'ling), caressing.

Fontaine quibout (fon-tan'ke-boo),

Foolish Virgins, this refers to the parable of the Ten Virgins, Matthew 25;

1-13.

foolscap (foolz'kap), long folio writing paper named from its watermark,

the fool's cap and bells.

ford (ford), a place where water may be crossed on foot by wading.

forebode (for-bod'), foretell despondingly.

forfeit (for'fit), lose the right to a thing by some error or crime.

formidable (for'mi-da-b'l), alarming, dangerous.

Forsters (for'sterz), a Scotch family.

Fortunate Isles, imaginary isles where the souls of the good are made

happy.

foster (fos'ter), encourage; support

fouled (fould), entangled.

fowler (foul'er), one who hunts wild fowl.

fragile (fraj'il), frail, weak.

Franks, a Germanic people on the Rhine river, who afterward founded the

French monarchy.

fraternal (fra-tur'nal), brotherly

fraught (frot), mixed.

frenzied (fren'zid), furious, wild.

frequent (fre-kwent'), visit often.

fret work (fret'wurk'), ornamental raised work, as carving.

frigate (frig'ate), formerly a warship.

Froissart (froi'sart), a celebrated French chronicler who wrote a history

of the fourteenth century.

frontier (fron'ter), the boundary or limits of a country.

frugal (froo'gal), thrifty.

fudge (fuj), nonsense.

"funeral pile," a pile of wood upon which the dead are burned.

funereal (fu-ne're-al), mournful.

furrows (fur'oz), wrinkles.

fustian (fus'chan), See note

futurity (fu-tu'ri-ti), time to come.

Gabriel La jeunesse (ga'bri-el la-zhu-nes'),

Galilee (gal'i-le), a lake in the northern province of Palestine.

gall (gol), chafe, annoy.

gallant (ga-lant'), a man attentive to ladies. In "Lochinvar" pronounced

gal'lant on account of meter.

galliard (gal'yard),

galligas'kins (gal'i-gas'kinz), loose hose; leather leg guards.

gallows (gal'oz), guilty, ready to be executed.

Gambia (gam'bi-a), an English colony in western Africa along the river

Gambia. "The chief of Gambia's golden shore" is a line in a school book,

"The American Preceptor," which was used when Whittier was a boy.

gambol (gam'bol), a sportive prank; a frolic.

gambrel-roofed (gam'brel), a curved roof.

gaping (gap'ing), yawning.

garrulous (gar'oo-lus), wordy; chattering.

Gaspereau (gas-per-o'), a river in King's county, Nova Scotia, flowing into

the Basin of Minas.

Gates of Hercules (hur'ku-lez), the Strait of Gibraltar.

gauge (gaj), estimate; a measure.

gauger (gaj'er), an officer, whose business it is to find the contents of

casks.

gauntlet (gant'let), a long glove covering the wrist.

genial (je'ni-al; jen'yal), cheerful, kindly.

genie (je'ni), a good or evil spirit. Pl. genii.

genius (jen'yus), one who has high mental powers.

Gentile (jen'tll), one who is not a Jew.

geometric (je'e-met'trik), referring to the figures used in geometry, the

branch of mathematics which treats of the measurement of lines, angles,

surfaces, and solids.

Georgius Secundus (jor'jus sek-und'us), George the Second, king of Great

Britain.

germinate (jur'mi nat), bud, sprout.

gesture (jes'tur), a movement of the face, body, or limbs to express ideas.

Ghent (gent), capital of province of east Flanders, Belgium.

ghoul (gool), an oriental demon, supposed to feed upon dead human bodies.

In "The Bells" pronounced gol on account of rhyme.

gigantic (ji-gan-tik), large.

gill (gil), a deep narrow valley through which a river flows.

glade (glad), a cleared space in a forest.

gladiator (glad'i-a'ter), in ancient Rome a swordsman who fought in the

arena with other men or animals.

glebe (gleb), turf, sod.

gleed (gled), a burning coal.

gloaming (glom'ing), twilight.

gloat (glot), stare or gaze earnestly often with a feeling of cruelty.

Glynn (glin), a county in southeastern Georgia.

goad (god), a pointed instrument to urge on a beast.

gorgeous (gor'jus), showy, magnificent.

gory (gor'i), bloody.

gowd (god: good), the Scotch name for gold.

Graemes (gramz), the name of a Scotch clan, sometimes spelled Graham.

grampus (gram'pus), a large toothed fish, valued for its oil.

granary (gran'a-ri), a storehouse for grain.

grandeur (gran'dur), majesty, loftiness.

Grand Pre' (gran-pra'), a village in King's county, Nova Scotia. The woll

means "great meadow."

grapple (grap'l), seize.

grave (grav), cut letters or figures on a hard substance with a chisel.

grayling (gray'ling), a fish somewhat like a trout.

Great Harry, the name of a ship.

grenadier (gren'a-der'), in olden times a soldier armed with grenades, iron

shells filled with powder and thrown among the enemy. The word is now

applied to a member of the Grenadier Guards.

Greve (grav),

grewsome (groo'sum), frightful.

groat (grot), an old English silver coin worth four pence.

groin (groin), bring together in a curve.

guaranty (gar'an-ti), security.

guid (giid),

guinea stamp (gin'i), the mark or impress upon a guinea-an old English coin

worth about five dollars.

guise (giz), shape; cloak.

gundalow (gun'da-le), another form for gondola (gon'do-la).

gyratory (ji'ra-te-ri), winding, whirling around a central point.

Habersham (hab'er-sham), a county in northeast Georgia. The Chattahoochee

rises in this county.

habit (hab'it), a garment; behavior,

Hagar (ha'gar), See Genesis 21, 14-21.

hake-broil (hak-broil), a seafish like the cod, cooked over a beach fire.

Half-Moon, name of a boat on which Henry Hudson entered New York bay and

explored the Hudson river.

Hall, a county in northern Georgia intersected by the Chattahoochee river.

halloo (ha-loo'), call.

hallow (hal'e), consecrate, make holy.

Hampton Falls (hamp'tun), a town in Rockingham county, New Hampshire, seven

miles north of Newburyport, Massachusetts.

hapless (hap'les), unfortunate.

Hapsburg (haps'burg), a princely German family to which Maria Louise, wife

of Napoleon, belonged.

harangue (ha-rang'), an address or speech to a crowd.

harbinger (har'bm-jer), a forerunner; usher in.

harem (ha'rem), a family of wives belonging to one man.

harpy (har'pi), one of the three daughters of Neptune and Terra, having a

woman's face and body and sharp claws like a vulture; a buzzard.

Hasselt (has'elt), a town in Belgium. haunch (hanch), the hip, part of body

between the ribs and thigh.

Haverhill (ha'ver-il), city in Essex county, Massachusetts.

hazard (haz'ard), chance; danger, risk.

heather (heth'er), a small, evergreen flowering shrub with rose-colored

flowers native to Scotland and northern Europe.

heave (hev), force from the breast, as a sigh.

Hebrides (heb'ri-dez), islands off the western coast of Scotland.

Helicon (hel'i-kon), a famous mountain in Greece.

Helseggen (hel-seg 'n),

helter-skelter (hel'ter-skel'ter), in hurry and confusion.

henpecked (hen'pekt'), governed by one's wife.

herald (her'ald), usher in; announce.

herbage (ur'baj; hur'baj), grass, pasture.

hereditary (he-red'i-ta-ri), passing from an ancestor to a descendant.

Hermes (hur'mez), an ancient Egyptian wiseman, "the scribe of the gods,"

who interpreted the truth of the gods to the people. In Greek mythology,

the messenger of the gods.

hermit (hur'mit), one who has retired from society and lives in solitude.

hern (hern), short form for heron, a water bird.

Herve Riel (hur-va're-el')

hilarious (hi-la'ri-us), noisy; merry.

hilt (hilt), the handle of a sword.

Hindostan (hin'doo-stan), the central peninsula of Asia.

hoary (hor'i), gray with age.

Hoeyholm (ho'a-hom)

Hogue (hog), See note.

hold (hold), a castle, stronghold.

hollas (ho-loz'), calls out.

holster (hol'ster), a horseman's case for a pistol.

Holy Grail (ho'li gral), the cup or bowl from which Christ drank at the

Last Supper.

Holy Supper, Christ's last supper with His disciples.

horde (hord), a wandering tribe; a vast multitude.

hospitality (hos'pi-tal'i-ti), the practice of entertaining friends and

strangers with kindness.

hostage (hos'taj), a person who remains in the hands of another for the

fulfilment of certain conditions; pledge.

housings (houz'ingz), pl. trappings; a cover for a horse's saddle.

hover (huv'er), hang fluttering in the air.

Huddup (hu-dup'), a New England interjection addressed to a horse meaning

"Get along."

hue (hu), color; "hue and cry," a loud outcry with which thieves were

anciently pursued.

Huguenot (hu'ge-not), a French Protestant of the sixteenth century.

hurry-skurry (hur'ri-skur'ri), confused bustle.

husbandman (huz'band-man), a tiller of the soil, a farmer.

Hydra (hi'dra), in classical mytholology, the water serpent with nine heads

slain by Hercules: each head, on being cut off, became two.

Hymeneal (hi'me-ne'al), referring to marriage; from Hymen, the Greek god of

marriage.

hypothesis (hi-poth'e-sis), something not proved, but taken for granted for

the purpose of argument.

hyssop (his'up), a fragrant plant whose leaves have a strong taste.

Ibrahim (e'bra-hem), the Arabic for Abraham.

ideal (i-de'al), an imaginary standard of perfection; faultless.

identity (i-den'ti-ti), sameness, the being the same.

"I dew vum," a mild New England oath, "I do vow."

idyl (i-dil), a short poem describing country life.

Iflesen (ef-la'sen)

ignoble (ig-no'b'l), not noble, low.

ignominy (ig'no-min-i), dishonor.

Illah (e'la), the Arabic for "the God." "La illah illa Allah" means "Allah

is the God."

illconcerted (il-kon-sur'ted), poorly-planned and executed.

illimitable (i-lim'it-a-b'l), vast, immeasurable.

illuminate (i-lu'mi-nat), brighten with light.

illusion (i-lu'zhun), an unreality.

imbibe (im-bib'), receive, absorb.

imbue (im-bu'), tinge deeply.

immemorial (im'e-mo'ri-al), extending beyond reach of memory or record.

immortal (i-mor'tal), lasting forever.

immutable (i-mu'ta-b'l), unchangeable.

impede (im-ped'), hinder.

impediment (im-ped'i-ment), hindrance.

impel (im-pel'), urge on, drive.

impending (im-pend'ing), overhanging, threatening.

impenetrable (im-pen'e-tra-b'l), cannot be entered.

imperceptible (im'per-sep'ti-b'l), not easily seen or noticed.

imperious (im-pe'ri-us), haughty, kingly.

impetuous (im-pet'u-us), rushing violently; hasty.

implacable (im-pla'ka-b'l), not to be pacified; unforgiving.

importtune (im'por-tun'), urge constantly.

imposition (im'po'-zish'un), deceit; fraud.

imposture (im-pos'tur), cheat; trick.

imprecation (im'pre-ka'shun), a curse; an evil wish.

impulse (im'puls), a mental force directly urging to action.

impunity (im-pu'ni-ti), freedom from punishment or injury.

inanimate (in-an'i-mat), without life.

inarticulate (in'ar-tik'u-lat), without voice, indistinct.

incantation (in'kan-ta'shun), a magical charm said or sung.

incessant (in-ses'ant), continuing without interruption.

incident (in'si-dent), event.

incident to, in connection with.

inclement (in-klem'ent), severe; stormy.

incompetent (in-kom'pe-tent), unfit; incapable.

incomprehensible (in-kom'pre-hen'si-b'l), cannot be understood.

incongruous (in-kon'grob-us), unsuitable, unfit.

incredible (in-kred'i-b'l), hard to believe.

inculcate (in-kul'kat), teach; instill.

Ind (ind), short form for India.

indefinable (in'de-fin'a-b'l), cannot be described.

independent (in'de-pen'dent), free; self-reliant.

indiscreet (in'dis-kret'), foolish.

indispensable (in'dis-pen'sa-b'l), absolutely necessary.

induced (in-dust'), caused, lead into.

indulgence (in-dul'jens), a favor granted.

inevitable (in-ev'i-ta-b'l), certain, unavoidable.

inexhaustible (in'eg-zos'ti-b'l), cannot be emptied; unfailing.

infidel (in'fi-del), an unbeliever.

infinite (in'fi-nit), immeasurable, perfect.

infraction (in-frak'shun), a breaking, especially of the law.

infuse (in-fuz'), pour into, shed.

ingredient (in-gre'di-ent), a part of a mixture.

inhale (in-hal'), draw into the lungs.

inherent (in-her'ent), inborn, natural.

innovation (in'e-va'shun), something new or contrary to custom.

innumerable (i-nu'mer-a-b'l), cannot be numbered.

inscrutable (in-skroo'ta-b'l), not able to be understood.

insidious (in-sid'i-us), sly, deceitful.

insolence (in'so-lens), impudence.

inspire (in-spir'), to fill with hope.

instance (in'stans),

instill (in-stil'), bring to mind,

insulated (in'su-latf ed), separated.

insuperable (in-su'per-a-b'l), cannot be overcome.

insurmountable (in'sur-moun'ta-b'l), impassable.

intact (in-takt'), untouched; whole

integrity (in-teg'ri-ti), honesty.

intelligence (in-tel'i-jens), news,

intercourse (in'ter-kors), interchange of thought and feeling; trade.

interminably (in-tur'mi-na-bli), endlessly.

internal (in-tur'nal), inland; inside.

interpose (in-ter-poz'), place between.

interpret (in-tur'pret), tell the meaning of.

interrogatory (in'te-rog'a-to-ri), a question.

interval (in'ter-val), a space of time between any two events.

interview (in'ter-vu), a meeting face to face.

intolerable (in-tol'er-a-b'l), not capable of being endured.

intricate (in'tri-kat), entangled.

intrigue (in-treg'), a plot or conspiracy.

intruder (in-trood'er), one who enters without invitation.

inundate (in'un-dat), cover with a flood.

inured (in-urd'), accustomed.

invade (in-vad'), enter for conquest or plunder.

invariably (in-va'ri-a-bli), constantly.

inventory (in'ven-to-ri), catalogue or list of goods, furniture, etc., with

cost attached.

invigorate (in-vig'or-at), refresh, give life to.

invincible (in-vin'si-b'l), not able to be overcome or conquered.

inviolate (in-vl'e-lat), uninjured.

involuntarily (in-vorun-ta-ri-li), not under control of the will;

unwillingly.

irascible (i-ras'i-b'l; i-ras'), easily angered.

ire (ir), anger.

irised (i'rist), having beautiful colors, like the rainbow.

irksome (urk'sum), tedious, tiresome.

irrational (i-rash'un-al), without reason.

Ishmael (ish'ma-el), Genesis 21.14-21.

"Islands of the Blest," mythical islands supposed to be in the Western

Ocean where the favorites of the gods were conveyed at death and dwelt in

ever-lasting joy.

Islington (iz'ling-tun), a district in the north of London.

Israel (iz'ra-el), the descendants of Israel, or Jacob.

"I wis" (i-wis'), surely, certainly.

jackanapes', a short form of "Jack of Apes," an impertinent fellow.

Jacob's Ladder (ja'kub), Genesis 28, 12.

jaded (jad'eti), tired by overwork.

jargon (jar'gon), a confused, unintelligible language.

jerkin (jur'kin), a jacket or short coat.

Jerusalem (je-roo'sa-lem), the capital of the Jewish people.

Jesuit (jez'u-it), one of a Roman Catholic religious order called "The

Society of Jesus," founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1543.

Joab (jo'ab), the "captain of the host" of the army during nearly the whole

of David's reign.

jocund (jok'und), merry, gay.

Johns Hopkins University, a university in Baltimore, Maryland.

Joris (jor'is), the Flemish word for George.

journalistic (jur'nal-is'tik), referring to journalism, newspaper, or

magazine articles.

Jove (jov), the short form for Jupiter.

jovial (jo'vi-al), merry, jolly.

Jugurtha (joo-gur'tha),

junto (jun'to), a secret council to talk over affairs of government.

Jupiter (joo'pi-ter), in Roman mythology, the supreme god of heaven. In

Greek mythology, known as Zeus.

justification (jus'ti-fi-ka'shun), defense; support by proof.

Kaatskill (kats'kil), a group of mountains of the Appalachian system in New

York state.

Kalevala (ka'la-va'la), "The land of heroes," the title of the national

epic of Finland.

keel (kel), the lowest timber of a vessel, to which the ribs are attached.

keelson (kel'sun), a beam laid on the middle of the floor timbers over the

keel to strengthen it.

kelp (kelp), a large, coarse seaweed.

ken (ken), knowledge,

khan (kan; kan), an Asiatic prince; an Eastern inn.

Kieldholm (keld'hom),

kine (kin), cattle.

King Arthur, a mythical British king, founder of the Knights of the Round

Table, made famous in Tennyson's "Idylls of the King."

kinsman (kmz'man), a relative.

kirtle (kur't'l), a garment.

"kith and kin," friends and relatives.

knarred (nard), the poetic form of gnarled, knotted.

Knickerbocker Dietrich (nik'er-bok'er de'trik),

knoll (nol), a little, round hill.

Koordistan (koor'di-stan), a region of western Asia, mostly in Turkey, but

partly in Persia.

Kurroglou (koor'e-glou),

Kyrat (ke'rat),

lacklustre (lak'lus'ter), wanting brightness.

lade (lad), draw water; put load on or in.

lading (lad'ing), that which makes a load or cargo.

laggard (lag'ard), a slow person.

lagoon (la-goon'), a shallow channel or lake.

lamentably (lam'en-ta-bli), sadly.

lance (lans), a long spear carried by a horseman.

languor (lan'ger), a state of mind or body caused by exhaustion, weariness.

Lanier, Sydney (la-ner'),

Lannes (Ian), one of Napoleon's generals.

lapse (laps), a passing away slowly.

larboard (lar'bord), the left-hand side of a ship to one on board facing

the bow, port.

Lascar (las'kar), a native sailor or cooly of India.

lashing (lash'ing), cord; strike quickly or cut.

Latin (lat'in) Latium, a country of Italy in which Rome was situated, hence

Roman, the language of the ancient Romans.

latticed window (lat'ist), crossed open work of wood or metal, forming a

window.

laureate (le're-it), the English court poet.

laurel (le'rel), an evergreen shrub having sweet-smelling leaves,

Laurens (lo'rens), the name of an old southern family. John and Henry

Laurens are famous statesmen of Revolutionary times.

laving (lav'ing), bathing.

lavish (lav'ish), extravagant.

lay (la), song.

lea (le), a grassy field.

league (leg), a measure of distance equal to about three miles.

leaguer (le'ger), a camp.

Lebanon (leb'a-non), a mountain range in Syria.

"Le Carillon de Dunkerque" (le kar'i-lon-de-dun'kurk), a popular song, the

tune of which was played on the Dunkirk chimes.

ledger (lej'er), the principal account book of a business firm.

lee (le), the calm, sheltered side.

legacy (leg'a-si), a gift, by will, of money or property.

legend (lej'end), a wonderful story of the past having no historical proof.

legibly (lej'i-bli), plainly

Lentulus (len'tu-lus), a Roman politician who lived in the first century,

B. C.

leper (lep'er), one afflicted with leprosy.

leprosy (lep'ro-si), a loathsome skin disease.

Letiche (la-tesh'),

Leuctra (luk'tra), a Spartan pass.

levee (lev'e), a morning reception held by a person of rank.

leviathan (le-vi'a-than), a large water animal described in the Book of

Job, hence anything huge.

levy (lev'i), collect troops by authority.

liberal (lib'er-al), wide, spacious.

licentious (li-sen'shus), unrestrained, both morally and legally.

lieutenant (lu-ten'ant), an officer ranking just below a captain in the

army and a commander in the navy.

Lilinau (lil'i-no'),

limner (lim'ner), a painter who illumines books or parchments.

linchpin (linch'pin'), the pin which goes through the end of the axle of a

wheel and keeps it in place.

lineage (lin'e-aj), family.

linendraper (lin'en-dra'per), one who deals in linen.

list (list), will. pl. n. an enclosing for a tournament.

listlessly (list'les-li), in an indifferent manner.

literature (lit'er-a-tur), the written or printed literary productions of a

country or period of time.

lithe (lith), easily bent, pliable.

livery (liv'er-i), a uniform.

loath (loth), unwilling.

local (lo'kal), belonging to a particular place.

Lochiel (lok-el'),

Lodore (lo-dor'), a cataract in the Derwent river in England.

Lofoden (lo-fo'den), a group of islands off the coast of northern Norway.

logical (loj'i-kal), according to reason.

Lokeren (lo'ker-en), a town in Belgium.

loon (loon), a northern web-footed water bird whose note sounds like a

laugh.

looping (loop'ing), fold.

loose (loos), unbind.

Looz (looz), a town in Belgium.

lore (lor), knowledge.

Loupgaroo (loo'ga'roo'), meaning a "Were-wolf," a person who, according to

the superstition of the Middle Ages, became a wolf in order to devour

children.

Lucifer (lu'si-fer),

luminous (lu'mi-nus), giving out light.

lure (lur), anything used as an enticement; entice.

lusty (lus'ti), healthy, vigorous.

luxuriant (luks-u'ri-ant), very abundant.

lyceum (li-se'um), originally the grove at Athens where Aristotle taught;

an academy.

Maelström (mal'strom), a whirlpool on the coast of Norway.

magnanimous (mag-nan'i-mus) great of mind; heroic.

magpie (mag'pi), a chattering bird belonging to the crow family.

main (man), ocean,

Mainote (mi'not), Maina was the gathering place for the Greek troops who,

under the Greek general, Ypsilanti, fought for Greek independence.

maintop (man'top'), a platform at the head of the main-mast of a

square-rigged vessel.

malice (mal'is), wicked intention to injure others.

malleable (mal'e-a-b'l), capable of being shaped by beating or by pressure.

mallow (mal'o), a weed.

Malo (ma'lo),

Malouins (mal'e-wins),

Malta (mol'ta), a rocky fortified island belonging to Great Britain, and

situated in the Mediterranean Sea south of Sicily.

manacles (man'a-k'lz), chains for the hand or wrist.

mandate (man'dat), command.

manifest (man'i-fest), known.

manifestation (man'i-fes-ta'shun), sign.

manifold (man'i-fold), many in number.

manoeuvre (ma-noo'ver), a skillful movement with a certain aim or plan.

manor (man'er), a district over which a feudal lord ruled subject to the

commands of his court-baron or lord.

"mantling blush," color or glow of youth spreading over the face.

manual (man'u-al), made or performed by the hand.

Marathon (mar'-a-thon), a plain in Greece 18 miles northeast of Athens, the

scene of a famous battle between the Greeks and the Persians.

marauders (ma-rod'erz), rovers in search of plunder.

Mare Ten'ebra'rum (mar ten'e-bra'-rum), Latin words meaning "sea of

darkness."

marge (marj), poetic form for margin or edge.

Marion (mar'i-on), the name of an old southern family, to which Francis

Marion, a Revolutionary general, belonged.

Marmion (mar'mi-on),

marquis (mar'kwis), a nobleman of England, France, and Germany next in rank

below a duke.

marshal (mar'shal), direct or lead; in the French army, the highest

military officer.

mart (mart), short form for market.

martial (mar'shal), suited for war.

marveled (mar'veld), to be astonished.

maternal (ma-tur'nal), motherly.

mathematical (math'e-mat'i-kal), precise.

matin (mat'in), morning worship, prayers or songs.

Matterhorn (mat'er-horn), a high mountain peak in the Swiss Alps.

maxim (mak'sim), a true saying, proverb.

McGregor (mak-greg'er), a Scotch nobleman who tried to establish a colony

in Porto Rico.

meager (me'ger), scanty, poor.

Mecheln (mek'lin), a town in Belgium.

Medford (med'ferd), a small town near Boston, Massachusetts.

mediaeval (me'di-e'val; med'i), belonging to the Middle Ages, eighth to

fifteenth centuries, A. D.

meditate (med'i-tat), muse or ponder.

medium (me'di-um), substance.

meet (met), fit.

melancholy (mel'an-kol-i), gloomy.

Melita (mel'i-ta), an island, where the apostle Paul, a prisoner on the way

to Rome, was shipwrecked, modern Malta.

mellow (mel'o), softened by years; tender.

memento (me-men'to), a hint or relic to awaken memory.

Memphremagog (mem'fre-ma'gog), a lake on the border of Vermont and Canada.

menace (men'as), threaten, danger.

mendicant (men'di-kant), practicing beggary.

Mersey (mur'zi), a river in England, on which Liverpool is situated.

metamorphose (met'a-mor'foz), change into a different form.

mete (met), measure; limit.

methinks (me-thinks'), it seems to me.

mewling (mul'mg),

mickle (mik'l), much, great.

Midas (mi'das), a king, in fable, whose touch turned things to gold.

mien (men), outward appearance or look.

militia (mi-lish'a), the whole military force of a nation; citizens

enrolled and trained for the protection of a state.

Miller, Joaquin' (mil'er wa-ken'),

Miltiades (mil-ti'a-dez), commander of the Athenian army who conquered the

Persians at Marathon.

mimosa (mi-mo'sa), plants with pods including the sensitive plants.

Minas, Basin of (mi-nas), a bay in the northwestern part of the Bay of

Fundy.

miniature (min'i-a-tur), done on a very small scale.

minion (min'yun), a flattering servant or dependent.

miraculous (mi-rak'u-lus), wonderful.

mirage (me-razh'), an illusion of the eye by which objects like ships at

sea are seen inverted or oases appear to travelers in the desert.

miscalculation (mis-kal'ku-la'-shun), a wrong judgment.

missal (mis'al), a mass-book.

mitigate (mit'i-gat), make less severe or painful.

mitigation (mit'i-ga'shun), relief; lessening.

moccasin (mok'a-sin), a shoe made of soft leather worn by the American

Indian.

mockery (mok'er-i), imitating reality, but not real; sham.

mode (mod), manner of doing or being; custom.

Mohawk (mo'hok), a tribe of Indians.

molder (mol'der), turn into dust by natural decay.

moment (mo'ment), importance; consequence,

monody (mon'e-di), a mournful poem or song for one voice.

monograph (mon'o-graf), a paper written on one particular subject or on

some branch of it.

monopoly (mo-nop'o-li), possession of the whole of anything.

monotone (mon'o-ton), a single unvaried tone or sound.

monotony (mo-not'o-ni), a tiresome sameness.

Montcalm (mont-kam'), an officer commanding the French troops at Quebec.

moorings (mobr'ingz), the place where a vessel is anchored.

moorland (moor'land), a waste land covered with patches of heather, a low

shrub.

moraler (mor'al-er),

Moravian (mo-ra'vi-an), one of a sect called United Brethren, organized in

Moravia in the fifteenth century.

Moskoe (mos'ko), Probably Poe had in mind the Mos'kenaso island.

Moslem (moz'lem; mos),

motive (mo'tiv), the reason for actions.

motley-braided (mot'li-brad'ed), interlaced with many colors.

mouldering (mol'der-ing), crumbling.

multitudinous (mul'tl-tu'di-nus), numerous.

Muse (muz), the goddess who is supposed to inspire poets.

muse (muz), think.

Musgraves (mus'gravz), a clan or family of Scotland.

Mussulmans (mus'ul-manz), Mohammedans, The "tottering bridge which

Mussulmans say is the only pathway between Time and Eternity" is the bridge

which extends over hell and which has been described as being "finer than a

hair and sharper than the edge of a sword."

muster (mus'ter), the gathering of troops or ships for war.

mutation (mu-ta'shun), change.

mutiny (mu'ti-ni), a revolt against one's superior officers or any rightful

authority, especially applied to sailors or soldiers.

mutual (mu'tu-al), having something in common.

Mystic (mis'tik), a river in Massachusetts.

naiad (na'yad; ni'ad), a water nymph, fabled to preside over some lake,

river, brook, or fountain.

necromancer (nek'ro-man'ser), one who foretells future events by pretending

to communicate with the dead.

nectar (nek'tar), in Greek mythology, the divine wine of the gods served in

golden drinking-cups by Hebe, the goddess of Youth.

nepenthe (ne-pen'the), a drug supposed, by the ancient Greeks, to have the

power of causing forgetfulness of sorrow.

Netherby (neth'er-bi), the name of a Scotch family or clan.

niche (nich), a hollow, generally within the thickness of a wall, for a

statue or other erect ornament.

night-tide, night-time.

Nilus (nil'us), the Latin word for Nile.

"Nine," referring to the nine Muses of Greek mythology, goddesses of Song,

Dance, Music, and Poetry, companions of Apollo, who, in their light flowing

draperies, danced and sang on Olympus.

nine-pins (nin'pinz), a game played with ninepins or pieces of wood set on

end at which a wooden ball is bowled to knock them down.

Nineveh (nin'e-ve), the famous capital of the Assyrian empire, which was

entirely destroyed in the fall of the empire.

Normandy (nor'man-di), an ancient province of France occupied by the

Northmen or Normans during their invasion.

Norn-Mother (norn), in Norse mythology, the Norns corresponded to the Fates

in Greek myths.

notary (no'ta-ri), a public officer who examines legal papers to make

certain that they are genuine or true and sets the seal of his office upon

the same.

Nubian geographer (nu'bi-an je-og'ra-fer), Poe, in all probability, refers

to the African geographer, Ptolemy. 150 A. D.

nullification (nul'i-fi-ka'shun), an act giving the State the right to

cancel a law of Congress.

Numidian lion (nu-mid'i-an), the fierce animals which attacked the

gladiators in the arena were brought from Numidia, a country in northern

Africa.

nurtured (nur'turd), nourished, trained.

nymph (nimf), a goddess presiding over mountains, forests, meadows, or

waters.

obeisance (e-ba'sans; e-be'), a sign of respect; a bow.

obligatory (ob'li-ga-to-ri; ob-lig'-a-to-ri), required, binding in law or

conscience.

obliquely (ob-lek'li), in a slanting manner.

oblivion (eb-liv'i-un), a forgetting or being forgotten.

obloquy (ob'lo-kwi), slander, reproach.

obsequious (ob-se'kwi-us), promptly obedient to the will of others;

cringing.

obstacle (ob'sta-k'l), a hindrance.

occult (o-kult'), secret.

ode (od), a short poem, which might be sung.

odorous (o'der-us), fragrant.

offenceless (o-fens'les), harmless.

offing (of'ing), that part of the sea where there is deep water and no need

of a pilot.

Olympus (o-lim'pus), a mountain in Thessaly, fabled as the home of the

gods.

ominous (om'i-nus), foreboding evil.

omnipotent (om-nip'e-tent), all powerful.

Opelou'sas (op'e-loo'sas), an early settlement in south central Louisiana.

opponent (o-po'nent), foe.

opposed (o-pozd'), enemy,

oppressive (o-pres'iv), heavy, burdensome.

oracular (e-rak'u-lar), like oracles or answers of the gods to questions

about future events.

orb (orb), a poetical word for sun, moon, or star.

Oregon (or'e-go-n), a name by which the Columbia river was first known.

Ormus (or'mus), an ancient Persian city, noted for its wealth.

Othello (e-thel'o), a Moorish general in the service of the Venetians.

Otterholm (ot'er-hom),

overture (e'ver-tur), an offer

Owyhee (e-wi'he), a river in northern Nevada.

paean (pe'an), a song of triumph.

pageant (paj'ent; pa'jent), spectacular exhibition or display.

palimpsest (pal'imp-sest), a parchment written upon twice, the first

writing having been erased.

pall (pol), a black cloth thrown over a coffin at a funeral.

palladium (pa-la'di-um), the statue of Pallas, on the preservation of which

depended the safety of Troy, hence an effectual safeguard.

Pallas (pal'as), Pallas Athene, the Grecian goddess of Wisdom, called also

Athene, and identified at a later period with the Roman Minerva.

pallet (pal'et), a small and mean bed.

pallid (pal'id), wan.

palpable (pal'pa-b'l), capable of being touched and felt; plain, evident.

palpitate (pal'pi-tat), beat rapidly and strongly.

paltry' (pol'tri), small, worthless, trifling.

panorama (pan'e-ra'ma), a complete view in every direction.

pantomime (pan'to-mim), a dramatic representation by actors who use only

dumb show.

paragon (par'a-gon), a model pattern of perfection.

parchment (parch'ment), skin of sheep or goat, etc., prepared for writing.

pard (pard), a leopard.

parricide (par'i-sid), one who murders his own father, or any ancestor.

participate (par-tis'i-pat), have a share in common with others; to take

part.

particularize (par-tik'u-lar-iz), to state in detail.

Pascagoula (pas'ka-goo'la), a river in Mississippi flowing into the Gulf of

Mexico.

patriarch (pa'tri-ark), Father and ruler of a family; a venerable old man.

patrician (pa-trish'an), one of high birth; a nobleman.

patricide (pat'ri-sid), murder of one's father; the crime of murdering

one's father.

patrimonial (pat'ri-mo'ni-al), inherited from an ancestor.

pavilion (pa-vil'yun), a tent, a large temporary building.

peasant (pez'ant), tiller of the soil in European countries.

peasantry (pez'ant-ri), peasants, collectively.

pedagogue (ped'a-gog), teacher of children; a schoolmaster.

pedantry (ped'ant-ri), vain display of learning.

pedigree (ped'i-gre), a line of ancestors; descent.

peer (per), one of the same rank; an equal; member of the British nobility.

pellicle (pel'i-k'l), a crystallized film.

pell-mell (pel'-mel'), in utter confusion.

pendent (pen'dent), something which hangs, depends, or is suspended.

penetrate (pen'e-trat), enter into: understand.

penitent (pen'i-tent), feeling sorrow on account of offence. Penitent

Peter, Luke 22, 54-62.

pensive (pen'siv), thoughtful; sad.

pent (pent), penned or shut up.

penthouse (pent'hous'), a shed sloping from the main wall or building, as

over a door or window.

Pequot (pe'kwot), a former tribe of North American Indians, the most

dreaded of all in southern New England.

peradventure (per'ad-ven'tur), by chance; perhaps.

perceive (per-sev'), obtain knowledge of through the senses; see.

perceptible (per-sep'ti-b'l), capable of being perceived.

perfidious (per-fid'i-us), false to a trust reposed.

perpetrator (pur'pe-tra'ter), one who does or performs.

perpetual (per-pet'u-al), continuing forever, endless.

perplexity (per-plek'si-ti), bewilderment; doubt.

persecution (pur'se-ku'shun), pursuing to injure; injury.

perseverance (pur'se-ver'ans), continuing in a given cause; persistence.

perusal (pe-rooz'al), a careful reading through.

pervade (per-vad'), spread through-out; pass through.

pervasive (per-va'siv), having the power to spread throughout.

perverse (per-vurs'), turned aside or away from the right, contrary.

perversity (per-vur'si-ti), the quality of being perverse.

pestilence (pes'ti-lens), any contagious disease that is devastating.

pestilent (pes'ti-lent), destructive; troublesome.

Petruchio's Kate (pe-troo'chi-o), Petruchio--a character in Shakespeare's

play, "Taming the Shrew." His wife, Kate, is called a shrew on account of

her ill-temper.

petty (pet'i), small, trifling.

pewter (pu'ter), a hard, tough, but easily fusible alloy of tin with lead.

phalanx (fa'lanks), a body of troops in close array; combination of people

firmly united.

phantom (fan'tum), that which has only apparent existence, a ghost.

phenomenon (fe-nom'e-non), pl. phenomena, that which strikes one as

strange, unusual, or unaccountable; an appearance.

philanthropist (fi-lan'thro-pist), one who loves mankind, and seeks to

promote the good of others.

philosopher (fi-los'o-fer), one who lives according to the rules of

practical wisdom; one devoted to the search after wisdom.

phiz (fiz), the face; a humorous abbreviation for physiognomy.

Phlegethon (fleg'e-thon), in Greek mythology, a river of fire in the lower

world.

phlegm (flem), sluggishness of temperament; dullness.

Phoebus (fe'bus), or Phoebus Apollo in Greek and Roman mythology, one of

the great Olympian gods and giver of light and life. Leader of the Muses

and God of music.

physical (fiz'i-kal), pertaining to nature; relating to the bodily

structure as opposed to things mental.

physiognomy (fiz'i-og'no-mi), the face or countenance.

pibroch (pe'brok), a Highland air; air played on bagpipes when Highlanders

go to battle.

picturesque (pik'tur-esk'), forming a pleasing picture.

pillage (pil'aj), something taken by force; plunder.

pin (pin), mood,

Pinckney, William (pink'ni), an American lawyer and diplomatist of a fine

old southern family.

"Pindusborn Aracthus" (pin'dus, a-rak'thus), a river in Greece, Pindus-born

because it rises in the Pindus mountains.

pinion (pin'yun), a feather; quill; a wing.

pinnacle (pin'a-k'l), a lofty peak; the very topmost point.

Pisa (pe'za), small town in Italy, famous for its leaning tower.

Piscataqua (pis-kit'a-kwa), a river in New Hampshire.

"pitch and moment," impetus or speed.

"pitch of pride," in the very place where Douglas's pride is centered.

pitcher plant, a plant with leaves shaped like pitchers.

"pith o' sense," the force, strength, or essence of sense.

plain (plan), complain.

Plains of Abraham, an elevated plain just beyond Quebec to the southwest;

the scene of the battle of Quebec.

plain-song, a short, comprehensive prayer, adapted to a particular day or

occasion, recited in one tone.

Plaquemine (plak'men), Bayou of (bi'oo) an inlet from the Mississippi river

in Louisiana.

planetree, an Oriental tree, rising with a straight, smooth branching Stem

to a great height; the sycamore or buttonwood.

plashy (plash'i), watery; splashy

Plataea's day (pla-te'a),

plausible (plo'zi-b'l), praiseworthy; reasonable.

pleasance (plez'ans), pleasure; merriment.

plebeian (ple-be'yan), of or pertaining to the common people.

pliant (pli'ant), capable of plying or bending; flexible.

policy (pol'i-si), prudence or wisdom in the management of public and

private affairs.

pollute (po-lut'), make foul, impure, or unclean.

pomp (pomp), show of magnificence or splendor.

ponder (pon'der), think or deliberate.

ponderous (pon'der-us), very heavy; weighty.

Popedom (pop'dum), place, office, or dignity of the pope.

populous (pop'u-lus), containing many inhabitants.

porpoise (por'pus), a sea fish closely allied to the dolphin.

port (port), the left side of a ship, looking forward.

portal (por'tal), a door or gate.

portcullis (port-kul'is), a grating of iron or of timbers pointed with

iron, hung over the gateway of a fortress.

portent (por'tent), a sign of coming calamity.

portico (por'ti-ko), a colonnade; covered space before a building.

postern (pos'tern), back door or gate, especially of a castle.

potent (po'tent), powerful, having great authority.

potentate (po'ten-tat), monarch.

praetor (pre'tor), a civil officer among the ancient Romans,

precarious (pre-ka'ri-us), riot to be depended on; dangerous.

precedent (pre-sed'ent), going before.

precedent (pres'e-dent), a decision serving as a rule for future

determination in similar cases.

precipitate (pre-sip'i-tat), overhasty, rash; to fall with steep descent.

precocity (pre-kos'i-ti), development more than is natural at a given age.

preconceive (pre'kon-sev'), form an idea or opinion in the mind beforehand.

predetermination (pre'de-tur'mi-na'shun), a decision reached beforehand.

preeminent (pre-em'i-nent), above other things of exalted station.

pregnant (preg'nant), heavy with important contents or significance.

prejudice (prej'oo-dis), judgment formed without due examination; to bias

the mind of.

prelude (prel'ud), introductory performance.

premature (pre'ma-tur'), ripe before the proper time.

presage (pre'saj), n. sign, presentiment.

presage (pre-saj'), foretell.

presuppose (pre'su-poz'), take for granted.

pretension (pre-ten'shun), laying claim to more than is due.

prevalent (prev'a-lent), generally existing; widespread.

primal (pri'mal), first; original.

prithee (prith'e), a corruption of "pray thee," generally used without the

"I."

privation (pri-va'shun), depriving or taking away; getting along without.

proclaim (pro-klam'), make known by public announcement.

prodigal (prod'i-gal), given to extravagant spending. Prodigal Son, Luke

15, 11-32.

prodigious (pro-dij'us), very great; immense.

prodigy (prod'i-ji), a marvel or wonder.

profess (por-fes) admit freely.

proffer (prof-er), offer for acceptance.

profound (pro-found') reaching too the bottom of a matter; deep.

profuse (pre-fus'), pouring forth bountifully; lavish.

progenitor (pro-jen'i-ter), ancestor; forefather.

projecting (pro-jekt'ing), planning; throwing forward.

promontory (prom'un-to-ri), high point of land projecting into the sea.

promulgate (pro-mul'gat), make known, proclaim.

prone (pron), prostrate, flat; inclined, disposed.

proportionate (pro-por'shun-at), at the same rate.

proscribe (pro-skrib'), doom to destruction; denounce.

prostrate (pros'trat), lying at length with the body extended on the

ground.

provoke (pre-vok'), call forth, irritate.

prudence (proo'dens), wisdom in the way of caution and provision.

puke (puk), vomit.

Punic (pu'nik), pertaining to the Carthaginians, whom the Romans considered

unworthy of trust, hence, faithless.

purling (pur'ling), eddy; also, to make a murmuring sound as water does in

running over an obstruction.

purport (pur'port), meaning.

pursue (pur-su'), follow with a view to overtake; chase.

Pyrrhic (pir'ik), Pyrrhic dance, a Greek martial dance. Pyrrhic phalanx, a

phalanx such as was used by Pyrrhus, king of Epirus.

quaff (kwaf), drink.

Queen of Lebanon (Leba-nen), Lady Hester Stanhope, niece of William Pitt.

She established herself in the Lebanon hills near Jerusalem, awaiting the

second coming of Christ.

quell (kwel), subdue; repress.

querulous (kwer'oo-lus), apt to find fault.

quick (kwik), vital part.

quietus (kwi-e'tus), that which silences claim; death.

rack (rak), danger.

radical (rad'i-kal), proceeding directly from the root.

railer (ral'er), one who scoffs.

raiment (ra'ment), clothing.

rampart (ram'part), defense.

rampire (ram'pir), same as rampart.

Rance (rans), a river in France.

random (ran'dum), want of direction: chance.

rapine (rap'Tn), a plundering,

rapture (rap'tur), pleasure, delight.

Ratisbon (rat'is-bon), town in Bavaria, Germany, called Regensburg by the

Germans.

ravage (rav'aj), desolation by violence.

ravenous (rav''n-us), devouring with great eagerness.

raze (raz), lay level with the ground.

rebuff (re-buf), sudden check.

rebuke (re-buk'), check or silence with reproof; chide.

recall (re-kol'), call back; remember.

recede (re-sed'), retreat; move back.

recess (re-ses'), part of a room formed by the receding of a wall.

recessional (re-sesh'un-al), a hymn sung while the choir and clergy are

leaving the church at the close of a service.

reciprocate (re-sip'ro-kat), a mutual giving and returning.

reck (rek), heed.

recoil (re-koil'), drawing back.

recollection (rek'o-lek'shun), something called to mind.

reconcile (rek'on-sil), pacify, settle.

reconnoiter (rek'o-noi'ter) examine with the eye, survey.

recreation (rek're-a'shun), amusement.

recruit (re-kroot'), repair by fresh supplies; reinforcement.

rectitude (rek'ti-tud), honesty.

recurrence (re-kur'ens), the act of returning from time to time.

redress (re-dres'), set right a wrong.

reek (rek), send forth vapor or smoke, "reeking tube," guns and cannons.

reel (rel), stagger.

refluent (ref'loo-ent), flowing back.

reflux (re'fluks), ebb.

refugee (ref'u-je'), one who flees to a place of safety.

refuse (ref'us), waste matter.

regal (re'gal), royal.

regent (re'jent), ruler.

Regulus (reg'u-lus),

reiterate (re-it'er-at), repeat again and again.

relax (re-laks'), slacken.

relevant (rel'e-vant), bearing upon the case in hand.

relief (re-lef), in art, projection of a figure above the ground on which

it is formed.

reluctant (re-luk'tant), unwilling.

remnant (rem'nant), that which remains after a part is removed.

remonstrate (re-mon'strat), present and urge reasons in opposition to an

act.

removes (re-moovz'), a transfer of one's business or belongings from one

place to another.

remuneration (re-mu'ner-a'shun), payment.

renown (re-noun'), fame.

rent (rent), broken.

repair (re-par'), go.

reputation (rep'u-ta'shun), estimation in which one is held.

repute (re-put'), estimate.

requisite (rek'wi-zit), something required.

research (re-surch'), continued search after truth.

reserve (re-surv'), withhold from present use for another purpose or time.

resignation (rez'ig-na'shun), a giving up a claim, possession or office,

etc.

resistless (re-zist'les), powerless to withstand; helpless.

resolute (rez'e-lut), determined.

respectively (re-spek'tiv-li), relating to each.

respite (res'pit), a putting off.

restoration (res'to-ra'shun), a bringing back to a former condition.

retain (re-tan'), keep.

retreat (re-tret'), departure; shelter.

reveal (re-vel'), disclose.

revelry (rev'el-ri), noisy festivity.

reverberate (re-vur'ber-at), echo.

reverence (rev'er-ens), a mingled feeling of awe and admiration.

reverend (rev'er-end), worthy of respect.

revery (rev'er-i), day dream.

reviving (re-viv'ing), returning to life.

Reyhan (ra-han'),

ribband (rib'band'), a ribbon.

rife (rif), prevailing.

rift (rift), an opening made by splitting.

riot (ri ut), tumult.

rise (riz; ris), cause; occasion.

rite (rit), solemn observance.

rivet (riv'et), fasten firmly.

riving (riv'ing), splitting.

roan (ron), brown or black color, with gray or white interspersed.

roister (rois'ter), a blustering, noisy fellow.

romance (ro-mans'), tale or novel.

"Romance languages," the languages which were originally dialects of Latin,

as French, Spanish, Italian.

Roos (roos),

Roushan Beg (roo'shan-bag),

routed (rout'ed), overpowered.

routine (roo-ten'), a round of business or pleasure frequently returning.

Royal Society, a society of London for improving natural knowledge.

rub (rub), hindrance.

rubicund (roo'bi-kund), ruddy, red.

rudiment (roo'di-ment), a beginning or first step.

rumor (roo'mer), hearsay, common talk.

runic (roo'nik), pertaining to the written language of the ancient

Norsemen.

rural (roo'ral), pertaining to the country.

rustic (rus'tik), unpolished.

ruthlessly (rooth'les-li), in a cruel manner.

Rutledge (rut'lej), the name of an illustrious family in South

Carolina--one of them was a signer of the declaration of Independence and

governor of the state.

sabre (sa'ber), a sword with a broad, heavy blade, usually curved.

sackcloth (sak'kloth'), a garment worn in mourning or penitence.

saddle-girth (sad'l-gurth), that which fastens on the saddle.

saddletree, frame of a saddle.

sage (saj), wise.

Saint (sant),

Catherine's tresses (kath'er-in) in the Roman church, St. Catherine is

noted for her vows never to marry. To braid St. Catherine's tresses applies

to one who does not marry.

Eulalie (u-la'li), St. Eulalie's day is the 12th of February. If the sun

shines on that day, there will be a plentiful apple harvest.

Francois (fran'swa'), a small river in Quebec.

Helena (he-le'na), island off the coast of Africa; the place of

Napoleon's exile.

Louis (loo'i), Louis IX, king of France. Napoleon received his education

at his country's expense.

Malo (ma'le), city in France noted for its high tides.

Maur (mor), town on the Teche river in Louisiana.

Salamis (sal'a-mis), an island in the Gulf of Aegina, Greece, famous for a

great naval battle, 480 B. C.

Salisbury (solz'ber-i), a town in northeastern Massachusetts near

Whittier's home.

Sallust (sal'ust), a Roman historian who accompanied Caesar on his African

campaign.

sally (sal'i), an excursion from the usual course.

salutary (sal'u-ta-ri), wholesome.

salutation (sal'u-ta'shun), greeting.

Samian (sa'mi-an), pertaining to the island of Samos.

sanctuary (sank'tu-a-ri), a sacred place; a place of refuge.

Sandflesen (sand-fla'sen),

sanguine (san'gwin), hopeful.

Sappho (saf'o), a Greek woman who lived about 600 B. C., famous for her

lyric poetry.

sark (sark), a skirt.

sassafras (sas'a-fras), an American tree of the Laurel family.

satiety (sa-ti'e-ti), fullness beyond desire.

satirical (sa-tir'i-kal), cutting or sarcastic.

savanna (sa-van'a), tract of level land covered with grass or reeds, but

without trees.

Saxon (sak'sun), English,

scar (skar), a bare place on a mountain side.

scarf (skarf), in carpentry a certain kind of joint forming a continuous

piece.

scaur (skar),

sceptic (skep'tik), a doubter of fact.

schooner (skoon'er), a vessel with three, four, and even with six masts

similarly rigged.

Scian (si'an), pertaining to Scio, claimed by some to be the birth-place of

Homer, who is called the "Scian muse,"

Scio (si'e), an island in the Aegean Sea noted for its wine.

scoff (skof), sneer.

score (skor), furrow.

Scorpion (skor'pi-un), a constellation; the eighth sign of the zodiac.

scrupulous (skroo'pu-lus), exact.

scrutiny (skroo'ti-ni), close examination.

scud (skud), move swiftly.

sculpture (skulp'tur), carve.

"seal and hand," a letter with the seal and signature of the king,

season (se'z'n), temper.

sedulous (sed'u-lus), diligent, earnest.

seethe (seth), boil.

segment (seg'ment), a part cut off.

Selborne (sel'born), a parish in England, noted on account of Gilbert

White's Natural History of Selborne.

semblance (sem'blans), likeness.

seneschal (sen'e-shal), officer in a prince's house.

Sennacherib (se-nak'er-ib),

sensation (sen-sa'shun), feeling obtained through the senses; state of

excited feeling or that which causes.

sentiment (sen'ti-ment), opinion

sentinel (sen'ti-nel), soldier set to guard an army or camp.

sentry (sen'tri), guard.

sepulchre (sep'ul-ker), grave; bury.

seraglio (se-ral'yo), a harem.

seraph (ser'af), an angel.

serenity (se-ren'i-ti), calmness.

serf (surf), a slave bound to work on a certain estate and sold with it.

servile (sur'vil), like a slave; cringing.

session (sesh'un), meeting.

sesterce (ses'ters), an ancient Roman coin.

settie (set''l), a high-backed bench.

Sewel (su'al), William Sewel wrote a ponderous history of the Quakers.

Sexagesima (sek'sa-jes'i-ma), the second Sunday before Lent.

sever (sev'er), disjoin.

shade (shad), ghost.

shard (shard), a fragment of any hard substance.

"sharps and trebles," musical notes.

Shawnee (sho-ne'), a tribe of Indians. Their name means "Southerners."

sheathe (sheth), cover with something which protects.

sheen (shen), brightness.

Sheik (shek), chief magistrate of an Arabian village.

shelves (shelvz), slopes.

shifty (shif'ti), changable.

shingly (shm'gli), covered with gravel or pebbles.

shoal (shol), a bar which makes the water shallow.

shrew (shroo), a scold.

shrewdness (shrood'nes), sharp-wittedness.

shrive (shriv), to hear confession and pardon.

shroud (shroud), set of ropes staying a ship's masts.

shuffle (shuf'l), to rid one's self of.

sicklied (sik'lid), made sickly.

Sidney (sid'ni), Sir Philip, an English author and general of exceptionally

fine feeling.

Sienas saint (sye'na), St. Catherine, the patron saint of Siena.

silhouette (sil'oo-et'), profile portrait in black.

similitude (si-mil'i-tud), resemblance.

Sinai (si'ni), the mountain near, which the Israelites encamped, and where

the law was given to Moses.

Sinbad (sin'bad), or Sindbad, a character in the "Arabian Nights," who made

seven wonderful voyages.

sinew (sin'u), that which supplies strength or power; a tendon or tissue.

sinuous (sin'u-us), winding, curving in and out.

sire (sir), a father.

Siren (si'ren), one of the three fabled sea nymphs, whose singing lured

mariners to destruction.

site (sit), situation.

Skarholm (skar'hom),

skepticism (skep'ti-siz'm), doubt or uncertainty.

skirt (skurt), surround.

skulk (skulk), hide sneakingly.

slack (slak), loosen; not pressing.

sledge (slej), a sleigh.

Sleepy Hollow, a locality in Tarrytown, New York.

slip (slip), an inclined plane on which a vessel is built.

sloth (sloth), slowness.

smack (smak), small coasting vessel.

smelt (smelt), melt ore so as to separate and refine metal.

solace (sol'as), comfort in grief.

solicitude (so-lis'i-tud), concern.

Solidor (sol'i-dor), a fortress on the Rance river.

soliloquy (se-lil'e-kwi), a talking to one's self.

solstice (sol'stis), point in the earth's orbit at which the sun is

farthest from the equator; winter solstice at about December 22, summer

solstice about June 21.

Solway (sol'wa), an arm of the Irish Sea between England and Scotland,

noted for the rapidity of its tides.

sombre (som'ber), sad.

sombrero (som-bra'ro), broad-brimmed hat worn in Spain and Spanish America.

sonorous (so-no'rus), loud sounding.

sophomore (sof'o-mor), one belonging to the second of the four classes in

an American college.

sordid (sor'did), base.

sorebestead (sor-be-sted'), being put in great peril.

Southey, Robert (south'i), (1774-1843), an English poet of the Lake School.

He was made poet-laureate in 1813.

sovereign (sov'er-in), monarch.

spacious (spa'shus), vast in extent.

Spanish Main, the name formerly given to the southern part of the Caribbean

Sea and the adjoining coast, covering the route of the Spanish treasure

ships.

spar (spar), round timber used on a mast.

Spartan (spar'tan), an inhabitant of Sparta; one of great endurance.

spawn (spon), bring forth.

species (spe'shez), a kind.

specious (spe'shus), showy.

spectacle (spek'ta-k'l), something exhibited to view.

spectre (spek'ter), ghost.

spherule (sfer'ool), a little sphere.

spiral (spi'ral), winding like the thread of a screw.

spontaneous (spon-ta'ne-us), proceeding from a natural feeling, not forced.

spouse (spouz), husband or wife.

sprite (sprit), fairy.

spume-flakes (spum), flakes of froth or foam.

spur (spur), a pricking implement fastened to a rider's heel.

spurn (spurn), scorn.

squadron (skwod'run), a detachment of war vessels under command of a

flag-officer.

squall (skwol), sudden and violent gust of wind.

stagnate (stag'nat), cease to flow, become dull.

stalwart (stol'wert), brave, strong.

stalworth (stol'wurth), brave, strong.

stanchion (stan'shun), bar for confining cattle in a stall.

starboard (star'bord), side of a vessel on the right hand of one on board

facing the bow.

staunch (stanch), stop the flow of.

stemson (stem'sun), a piece of curved timber bolted to the stem in a ship's

frame.

sterile (ster'il), barren.

sterling (stur'ling), genuine.

stern (sturn), after end of a vessel.

sternsonknee (sturn'sun-ne), the continuation of a vessel's keelson to

which the stern-post is secured by bolts.

stirrup (stir'up), a ring for supporting a horseman's foot.

stoic (sto'ik), one who appears to be indifferent to pleasure or pain.

Stony Point, a fort on the west bank of the Hudson, captured by the British

in 1779 and retaken by the American forces under Anthony Wayne.

storied (sto'rid), having an interesting history.

strained (strand), forced.

strenuous (stren'u-us), earnest; active, vigorous.

sturgeon (stur'jun), a large fish common on the coasts and in large rivers

and lakes.

Suarven (swar'ven),

subaltern (sub-pi'tern), an officer of inferior position, usually below the

rank of a captain.

subjugation (sub'joo-ga'shun), the act of conquering or subduing.

sublime (sub-lim'), majestic.

submission (sub-mish'un), a yielding to power or authority.

subservience (sub-sur'vi-ens), the state of being subordinate; yielding.

subside (sub-sid'), cease from action, be calm.

subsidiary (sub-sid'i-a-ri), assisting.

subsistence (sub-sis'tens), means of support.

substantial (sub-stan'shal), real; firm.

subtile (sub'til; sut'l), difficult of understanding.

suburb (sub'urb), an outlying part of a city.

subvert (sub-vurt'), overthrow.

suction (suk'shun), a sucking in.

sue (su), seek after; plead.

sufferance (suf'er-ans), endurance.

suffuse (su-fus'), overspread.

Suliote (soo'li-et),

sultry (sul'tri), very hot and moist.

summons (sum'unz), call by authority to appear at a place named.

Sumter (sum'ter), an illustrious family of South Carolina. Thomas Sumter

was a Revolutionary general.

sunder (sun'der), sever.

Sunium (su'ni-um), an ancient city on a promontory in southeastern Greece.

It contains the white marble ruins of a temple to Athene, a famous landmark

from the sea.

superb (su-purb'), magnificent.

superfluity (su'per-floo'i-ti), a greater quantity than is wanted.

superinhuman (su'per-in-hu'man), attended with cruelty to a very great

degree.

supernal (su-pur'nal), being in a higher place; heavenly.

supernatural (su'per-nat'u-ral), being beyond the powers or law of nature.

superstition (su'per-stish'un), a reverence for or fear of what is unknown

or mysterious.

supine (su-pin'), indolent; inattentive.

suppliance (sup'li-ans), entreaty.

surcease (sur'ses'), end.

surcoat (sur'kot'), a coat worn over the other garments, especially the

long, flowing coat of the knights worn over the armor.

surf (surf), swell of the sea breaking upon the shore.

surge (surj), a large wave or billow; rise high and roll.

surgery (sur'jer-i), art of healing by manual operation.

surly (sur'li), ill-natured, sullen.

surmise (sur-miz'), suspicion; imagine without certain knowledge.

surmount (stir-mount'), rise above; conquer.

Surrey (sur'i), an English nobleman, Earl of Surrey, lieutenant of the

northern counties, a county in England.

survive (sur-viv'), outlive; continue to live.

suspect (sus-pekt'), an object of suspicion; mistrust.

susurrus (su-sur'us), a whisper or murmur.

swanlike (swon'lik), referring to the tradition that the swan sings a most

beautiful song just before death.

swarthy (swor'thi), being of a dark hue or dusky complexion.

swath (swoth; swoth), whole sweep of a scythe or machine.

sweep (swep), a pole swinging on a tall post, to raise and lower a bucket

for drawing water.

swoon (swoon), faint.

sylvan (sil'van), forestlike; rustic.

symbol (sim'bol), emblem.

symmetry (sim'e-tri), due proportion of several parts of a body to each

other; beauty and balance of form.

symptom (simp'tum), sign; token.

synagogue (sin'a-gog), Jewish congregation or place for worship.

taciturn (tas'i-turn), habitually silent.

tang (tang), a strong taste.

tankard (tank'ard), large drinking vessel.

Tantallon (tan-tal'on), a castle in Scotland, the stronghold of the Douglas

family.

taper (ta'per), gradually growing smaller.

tapestry (tap'es-tri), hangings of wool or silk with gold or silver threads

producing a pattern or picture.

tarn (tarn), a small mountain lake.

Tartar (tar'tar), an inhabitant of Tartary, central Asia; an irritable or

violent person.

Taygetus (ta'ge-tus), (p. 283, pronounced ta-ge'tus on account of rhythm),

highest mountain range in southern Greece.

Teche (tesh), a small stream in Louisiana.

teeming (tem'ing), bringing forth, abounding.

"teeth of the wind," grasp of the wind.

Teian (te'yan), pertaining to Te'os, an ancient Greek city in Asia Minor,

the birthplace of the Greek poet Anac'reon, who is called "the Teian Muse."

temerity (te-mer'i-ti), contempt of danger; boldness.

temper (tem'per), soften.

temporal (tem'po-ral), pertaining to time or this world; not lasting.

temporary (tem'po-ra-ri), lasting for a time only.

tenant (ten'ant), occupant.

tenantless (ten'ant-les), unoccupied.

tendril (ten'dril), a slender leafless portion of a plant which attaches

itself to a supporting body.

tenebrous (ten'e-brus), dark, gloomy.

tenor (ten'er), general course; conduct.

tenure (ten'ur), a holding.

termagant (tur'ma-gant), scolding; violent; a scold.

terminal (tur'mi-nal), boundary, end.

testament (tes'ta-ment), a will or bequest.

thatch (thach), straw, rushes, etc.

theme (them), a topic on which one writes or speaks. In music, a short

melody from which a set of variations is developed.

theory (the'o-ri), an idea; a plan.

thereat (thar-at'), on that account.

Thermopylae (ther-mop'i-le), a narrow pass in Greece, the scene of a famous

conflict in the Persian wars. A small army of Greeks defended the pass

against a vast army of Persians under Xerxes.

thill (thil), shaft of a carriage.

thole (thol), pin set in the gunwale of a boat to serve as a fulcrum for

the oar in rowing.

thorough-brace (thur'o-bras'), a leather strap supporting the body of a

carriage.

thorp (thorp), a small village.

Thracian (thra'shan), pertaining to Thrace, in early times the entire

region north of Greece.

thrall (throl), slave, bondman.

thylke (thilk), the same.

tinsel (tin'sel), something shiny and gaudy, more showy than valuable.

tintinnabulation (tin'ti-nab'u-la'shun), a word coined by Poe to represent

the sound of bells.

Titan (ti'tan), enormous, like the ancient giants in Greek mythology.

titular (tit'u-lar), existing in title or name only.

tocsin (tok'sin), an alarm bell.

tolerable (tol'er-a-b'l), capable of being endured.

tolerant (tol'er-ant), indulgent, allowing.

tollmen (tol'men), men who gather toll or tax.

tome (tom), a large book.

Tongres (ton'gr'), a town in Belgium.

torpor (tor'por), dullness.

torrent (tor'ent), a violent stream as of water or lava.

Tory (to'ri), a supporter of the king.

Tourville (toor'vel),

"Tous les Bourgeois' de Chartres" (too la boor-zhwa' de shartr), the title

of an old French song.

tradition (tra-dish'un), custom or practice long observed; oral delivery of

information from father to son.

Trafalgar (tra-fal'gar),

traffic (traf'ik), commerce.

trainband (tran'band), a band or company of an organized military force

instituted by James I dissolved by Charles II but reorganized later.

trait (trat), distinguishing mark or feature.

traitor (tra'ter), one who betrays a trust.

tranquil (tran'kwil), calm.

transcendent (tran-sen'dent), very excellent, surpassing others.

transfigure (trans-fig'ur), change the appearance of; make more beautiful.

transient (tran'shent), not lasting; staying for a short time.

transition (tran-sizh'un), passing from one condition or place to another.

transitory (tran'si-to-ri), fleeting.

transmutation (trans'mu-ta'shun), the changing from one form or condition

to another.

travail (trav'al), toil; produce with severe exertion.

treacherous (trech'er-us), faithless.

Trebizond (treb'i-zond'), province in northeastern Asia Minor.

treble, (treb'l), increase threefold.

treenails (tre'nalz), long wooden pins used in fastening planks of a vessel

to the timbers or to each other.

tremor (tre'mor; trem'or), a trembling.

tremulous (trem'u-lus), quivering; affected with fear or timidity.

trepidation (trep'i-da'shun), fear.

tribulashun (trib'u-la'shun), that which causes distress.

tribunal (tri-bu'nal), a court; seat of a judge.

tributary (trib'u-ta-ri), inferior; contributing.

trice (tris), a very short time.

trireme (tri'rem), an ancient galley or vessel with three tiers of oars.

Triton (tri'ton), a sea god, son of Neptune and his trumpeter.

triumphal (tri-um'fal), in honor of a victory.

trophy (tro'fi), anything preserved as a memorial.

"Truce of God," in 1040 the church drew up a compact which forbade any

fighting between sunset on Wednesday and sunrise on the following Monday.

truculent (truk'u-lent), fierce.

trysail (tri'sal'), a fore-and-aft sail, bent to a gaff, and hoisted on a

lower mast--used chiefly as a storm sail.

tumultuous (tu-mul'tu-us), boisterous, riotous.

Tunis (tu'nls), a country in N. Africa, one of the Barbary states.

turbulent (tur'bu-lent), producing commotion; restless.

turf (turf), sod.

turmoil (tur'moil), worrying confusion.

turnpike (turn'pik'), tollgate; a turnpike road.

turret (tur'et), a small tower at the angle of a large building.

Tuscarora (tus-ka-ro'ra), a tribe of Indians who, when first known, lived

in North Carolina. After years of warfare with the colonists, the remnant

joined the Iroquois in New York.

twang (twang), sound with a quick, harsh noise.

typify (tip'i-fi), represent by a type, model, or resemblance.

tyranny (tir'a-ni), cruel government or discipline; severity.

Tyre (tir), a famous maritime city of Phoenicia.

ubiquity (u-blk'wi-ti), existence everywhere at the same time.

ultimate (ul'ti-mat), incapable of further analysis; final.

unbeholden (un'be-hol'd'n), not indebted.

uncalculating (un-kal'ku-lat'ing), not estimating.

unconditional (un'kon-dish'un-al), made without conditions.

unconfined (un-kon-find'), not bound or limited.

uncouth (un-kooth'), awkward.

undulating (un'du-lat'ing), moving backward and forward, or up and down in

waves.

unfledged (un-flejd'), not feathered, hence not fully developed.

unfurl (un-furl'), unfold.

unison (u'ni-sun), harmony.

universal (u'ni-vur'sal), including the whole number, quantity, or space;

all-reaching.

unknelled (un-neld'), having no bell tolled at funeral or death.

unmeet (un-met'), not suitable.

unobtrusive (un'ob-troo'siv), modest.

unperturbed (un-per-turbd'), not troubled or confused.

unpremeditated (un-pre-med'i-tat'ed), not thought out beforehand.

unprofaned (un-pro-fand'), not violated, as anything sacred.

unproportioned (un-pro-por'shund), not having the right relation of one

portion to another.

unrestrained (un-re-strand'), not kept in check or curbed.

unrivalled (un-ri'vald), having competitor.

unscathed (un-skathd'), not injured.

unwonted (un-wun'ted), unaccustomed.

upbraid (tip-brad'), reproach or blame.

Upharsin (u-far'sin), See Daniel 5, 25.

upholsterer (up-hol'ster-er), one who provides curtains, coverings,

hangings, etc.

urchin (ur'chin), a roguish child.

Ursini (ur-se'ne), a prominent noble family in Rome.

usurp (u-zurp'), seize and hold a possession by force.

utterance (ut'er-ans), the act of speech.

vague (vag), uncertain.

valiant (val'yant), courageous.

valor (val'er), personal bravery.

van (van), the front of an army

vandal (van'dal), one who wilfully destroys any work of art or literature.

vane (van), weathercock.

vanquish (van'kwish), conquer or get the better of.

vantage-ground (van'taj-ground), condition which gives one advantage over

another.

variant (va'ri-ant), different.

variegated (va'ri-e-gat'ed), having marks of different colors.

vassal (vas'al), a subject or servant.

vaunt (vant), boast.

vehement (ve'he-ment), acting with great force; violent.

velocity (ve'-los'i-ti), speed.

vendue (ven-du'), an auction.

venerable (ven'er-a-b'l), deserving honor and respect.

venerate (ven'er-at), regard with respect and awe.

vengeance (ven'jans), punishment inflicted in return for injury; revenge.

vent (vent), outlet.

venture (ven'tur), risk.

veracity (ve-ras'i-ti), truthfulness.

verdant (vur'dant), green.

verdure (vur'dur), greenness.

verge (vurj), edge, brink.

verily (ver'i-li), beyond doubt or question, truly.

vernal (vur'nal), pertaining to the spring.

version (vur'shun), a translation, account.

vestal (ves'tal), a virgin consecrated to Vesta; nun.

veteran (vet'er-an), one grown old in service.

vibrant (vi'brant), tremulous.

vibration (vi-bra'shun), quick motion to and fro.

vicinity (vi-sin'i-ti), neighborhood.

vicissitude (vi-sis'i-tud), regular change or succession from one thing to

another.

vigil (vij'il), watch.

vindicate (vin'di-kat), justify.

virago (vi-ra'go), a woman of extraordinary size, strength, and courage.

virtually (vur'tu-al-li), being in essence or effect, not in fact.

visage (viz'aj), the face.

vision (vizh'un), that which is seen.

vista (vis'ta), view between intervening objects.

vivid (viv'id), true to life; bright.

vivify (viv'i-fi), make alive.

vixen (vik's'n), a cross, ill-tempered woman.

vocation (vo-ka'shun), occupation.

vociferous (vo-sif'er-us), noisy.

void (void), empty; being without.

volley (vol'i), a burst of many things at once.

Volturnus (vol-toor'nus), a river in _Italy_.

voluminous (vo-lu'mi-nus), of great volume or bulk.

voluptuous (ve-lup'tu-us), full of pleasure; luxurious.

vortices (vor'ti-sez), whirlpools.

vouchsafe (vouch-saf'), condescend to grant; assure.

voyageur (vwa'ya'zhur'), a traveler; Canadian term used for one employed in

transporting goods to the Northwest.

vulture (vul'tur), a bird which feeds on dead flesh of animals or birds.

Vurrgh (vurg),

Wachita (wa'shi-ta),

wafted (waft'ed), floated along lightly on air or water.

wail (wal), weep.

wain (wan), wagon.

wake (wak), trace.

wallet (wol'et), knapsack; pocket-book.

Walleway (wal'e-wa), probably Longfellow had reference to the Wallowa river

in northeastern Oregon.

wan (won), pale.

wanton (won'tun), reckless.

wantoned (won'tund), played.

warder (wor'der), guard.

Ware (war), a town in England about 20 miles north of London.

warld (warld), world.

warp (worp), the threads extending lengthwise in a loom, and crossed by the

woof.

wary (wa'ri; war'i), cautious, watchful.

wash (wosh), bog or marsh.

watch (woch), period during which one serves as a sentinel or guard.

water-butt (wo'ter-but), a large, open-headed cask, set up on end to

contain water.

Waterloo (wo'ter-loo'), a village near Brussels where Napoleon met defeat.

So complete and so decisive was the disaster that Waterloo has come to mean

defeat.

waver (wa'ver), totter; unsettled.

weather-cock, figure often in the form of a cock, turning with the wind and

showing its direction.

weird (werd), pertaining to witchcraft; wild.

welkin (wel'kin), vault of heaven; sky.

welter (wel'ter), roll or tumble about.

Wert (wurt), were (pronounce to rhyme with "art").

Westminster Abbey (west'min-ster), a former church in London, the burial

place of many kings, statesmen, and authors.

whig (h'wig), one of a political party in England, also in America; opposed

to Tories.

whipple-tree (hwip'l-tre'), bar to which the traces of a harness are

fastened for drawing a carriage.

whisking (hwisk'ing), moving nimbly and with velocity.

whit (hwit), the smallest part imaginable.

White, Gilbert (hwit), an eminent English naturalist, who was born in

Selborne and was the author of "Natural History of Selborne."

Wicaco (we-ka'ko),

wimpling (wim'pling), rippling.

wis (wis), think.

wistful (wist'fool), longing.

witchhazel (wich'-ha-z'l), American tree or shrub which blossoms late in

Autumn.

withhold (with-hold'), keep back.

wizard (wiz'ard), a magician.

woebegone (wo'be-gon'), distressed with grief.

wold (wold), a plain or low hill.

Wolfe, Charles (woolf), an Irish clergyman and poet, born 1791.

Wolsey, Thomas (wool'si), a celebrated English statesman and cardinal. He

gained the ill-will of Henry VIII by his conduct in the matter of the

King's divorce.

wont (wunt), custom or habit.

woof (woof), the threads crossing the warp in a woven fabric.

Worcester, Joseph Emerson (woos'ter),

wrack (rak), ruin.

writhe (rith), twist.

wrought (rot), made.

Xanthippus (zan-thip'us), a Spartan commander who won a victory over

Regulus in 255 B.C.

yacht (yot), light vessel for pleasure trips.

yard (yard), a long, slender timber to support and extend a ship's sail.

yeoman (yo'man), a common man of a reputable class.

Ypsilanti (ip'se-lan'te), a celebrated Greek patriot who in 1820 became a

leader in the movement for Greek independence.

Yulelog (yool'-log') a large log of wood, formerly put on the hearth on

Christmas Eve, as the foundation of the fire. It was brought in with much

ceremony.

zeal (zel), enthusiasm.

zone (zon), girdle.

Zutphen (zut'fen), a town in the Netherlands. Sir Philip Sidney was wounded

before it in 1586.