SECTION 9.--MENTALLY DEFECTIVE ADOLESCENTS._Venereal Diseases in New Zealand (1922) Report of the Special Committee of the Board of Health appointed by the Hon. Minister of Health

Mr. J. Caughley, Director of Education, stated in evidence: "From a

general inquiry made by the Department a few years ago it was

ascertained that there were at least six hundred or seven hundred mental

defectives in New Zealand under the age of twenty-one. I need scarcely

point out the moral danger to the community of so many of these

defectives being at large. In particular, the girls are a source of

danger to themselves and to the community, since they have little or no

will-power or sense of restraint. I am of opinion that all such cases

should be registered, and that, unless it can be shown that the mental

defective is under thoroughly safe and proper care at home, he should be

taken charge of by the State. I am certain that by this means the

increasing number of mental defectives would be reduced to a minimum,

since mental defectiveness is almost entirely hereditary."

Mr. Beck, Officer in Charge of the Special Schools under the Education

Department, cited illustrative cases, one of which may be thus stated:

"Two feeble-minded parents in New Zealand have had up to the present

time ten degenerate children, all of whom are a lifelong burden on the

State. Taking the case of these children, and assessing the cost to the

State of maintaining them, the total amount for this family will not be

less than £16,000."

The Committee are of opinion that supervision of mentally defective

children and adolescents is an important factor in lessening venereal

disease, and urge the Government as soon as possible to adopt a system

of registration and classification of mental defectives, and of

segregation where necessary, either in mental hospitals or in special

institutions where these defectives may be suitably taught, and, where

possible, usefully employed to defray the cost of their maintenance.

PART IV.--SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.

SECTION 1.--CONCLUSIONS.

Following are some of the conclusions drawn from the evidence by the

Committee:--

There is very general ignorance among the public on the subject of

venereal disease, and this has stood in the way of its being grappled

with effectively.

Syphilis not only causes loss of life directly, but many deaths ascribed

to other causes in the Registrar-General's returns are due to the

after-effects of this disease. It is responsible for many still-births

and abortions, and its evil effects are seen in such children as

survive. These effects may persist until the third generation.

Gonorrhœa, popularly, but quite erroneously, supposed to be a

comparatively mild complaint, is regarded by medical men as being as

serious a disease as syphilis. It is difficult to cure, especially in

women, unless properly treated at the outset. It is a great cause of

sterility in both sexes.

Owing to the absence of accurate statistics it is impossible to make

comparisons between New Zealand and other countries as regards the

prevalence of venereal disease, or to say whether it is increasing or

decreasing in this country.

There are in New Zealand no fewer than 3,031 persons being treated by

registered medical practitioners for venereal disease in some form, or

for the effects thereof--1 person in every 428 of our population. At the

clinics since their establishment 3,634 patients have been

treated--3,038 males, 596 females.

An interesting calculation as to the prevalence of syphilis in New

Zealand has been made by Dr. Hay, Inspector-General of Mental Hospitals.

Working on what is known as Fournier's Index--the relation of the number

of cases of dementia paralytica existing at any one time to the number

of concurrent syphilitic infectious--he computes the number of persons

in New Zealand now who have or have had syphilis to be 33,000, or 1 to

every 38 of the population.

The Committee desire to state, however, that in their opinion there can

be no accurate estimate of the prevalence of venereal disease until some

system of obtaining accurate statistics has been adopted. One point

which has come out clearly in their investigations is that venereal

disease is sufficiently prevalent to cause serious concern and to call

for energetic action.

Evidence was given to the Committee to show that children with mental

and physical defects due to venereal diseases may become a charge on the

State; that a proportion of these on being released become parents of

defective children, who in their turn have to be supported at the public

expense. It was also shown that such defectives have little sexual

control, and are usually very prolific.

According to the Commissioner of Police there are only 104 professional

prostitutes in New Zealand.

There is, however, a great deal of "amateur" prostitution, and this is

chiefly responsible for the spread of venereal diseases.

The evidence points to a good deal of laxity of conduct among young

people of all social conditions, especially in the large towns. This is

generally attributed by the witnesses to the weakening of home influence

and the restlessness of the age.

Apart from the venereal disease among those who indulge in promiscuous

intercourse, there are many cases in which innocent wives are infected

by their husbands, and other cases (not so frequent) of innocent

husbands being infected by their wives.

Children suffer innocently from venereal disease, not only by

inheritance from infected parents, but by accidently coming in contact

with the germs on towels, &c., which have been used by a patient. There

are also cases which come before the Courts where disease has been

conveyed directly in crimes of violence by sexual perverts.

The free clinics in the chief centres are conducted by experts, and are

doing good work. Their influence for good is greatly impaired, however,

by the fact that a proportion of the male patients and the majority of

the female patients leave off treatment before they are cured. As the

law stands there is no power to compel them to continue treatment, and

in many cases they resume promiscuous intercourse and spread the

disease.

Evidence has been given of other cases, some of them of a very shocking

character, in which persons suffering from venereal disease are not

seeking medical treatment and are communicating the disease to others.

As the law stands at present there is no power to restrain them from

such conduct or to compel them to receive medical treatment.

SECTION 2.--RECOMMENDATIONS.

The Committee stress in the strongest terms the duty of moral

self-control.

They urge the cultivation of a healthier state of public opinion. The

stigma at present attached to sufferers from venereal disease should be

transferred to those who indulge in promiscuous sexual intercourse.

Parents have a great responsibility as regards the instruction and

training of their children so as to safeguard them against the dangers

resulting from ignorance of sexual laws. There is too little parental

control generally in New Zealand. The Committee recommend the training

of teachers, and provision for giving appropriate instruction in

schools.

Classification and, where necessary, segregation of mentally defective

adolescents is recommended.

The following medical measures for preventing and combating the disease

are recommended:--

The clinics should be made more available by being open continuously.

Every effort should be made to secure privacy. A specially trained nurse

should be in attendance at women's clinics, and women doctors should be

secured where possible.

The Committee recommend that provision be made at the clinics for prompt

preventive treatment of those who have exposed themselves to infection.

Lady patrols should be appointed in other centres to perform the kind of

work that is being carried on in Christchurch.

The Committee, having regard to the good work especially of an

educational nature which is being done by the Social Hygiene Society,

Christchurch, consider voluntary effort of the same kind in other

centres would be very helpful.

The Committee are entirely opposed to the Continental system of licensed

brothels, or a revival of the C.D. Acts in any shape or form.

They recommend legislation be introduced providing for what is known as

conditional notification of venereal disease. It will be the duty of a

doctor to notify to the Health Department, by number or symbol only,

each case of venereal disease he treats. If a patient, however, refuses

to continue treatment until cured, and will not consult some other

doctor or attend a clinic, it will then be the duty of the doctor last

in attendance to notify the case to the Department by name.

If the patient continues recalcitrant and refuses to allow himself to be

examined by the medical practitioner appointed by the Director-General

of Health, then the latter should be empowered to apply to a Magistrate

for the arrest of such person and his detention in a public hospital or

other place of treatment until he is non-infective.

The Committee also recommend further provision to deal with cases in

which persons suffering from venereal disease are not under medical

treatment and are likely to infect others. If the Director-General of

Health has reason to believe that any person is so suffering he may call

on that person to produce a medical certificate, which may be procured

free of charge from any hospital or venereal-disease clinic. If the

person refuses to produce such a certificate he or she may be taken

before a Magistrate, who may order a medical examination. Penalties,

including detention in a prison hospital, should be provided for

recalcitrant cases. The proceedings in all these cases are to be heard

in private unless defendant desires a public hearing.

The Committee recommend that before a license to marry is issued the

intending parties must sign a paper answering certain questions as to

freedom from communicable disease and from mental disease, and must make

a sworn statement that the answers to such questions are true.

They recommend the adoption of a provision in the Queensland Act making

venereal disease a ground for annulling a marriage contracted whilst one

party is suffering from such a disease in an infectious stage, provided

the other party was not informed of the fact prior to marriage. Also

that it should be the duty of a medical practitioner attending a case of

venereal disease, if he has reason to believe that the patient intends

to marry, to warn him or her against doing so, and if he or she persists

it should be the duty of the doctor to notify the case by name to the

Director-General of Health, whose duty it should be to inform the other

party, or the parents or guardian of such other party. Such

communications made in good faith either by the doctor or the

Director-General of Health should be absolutely privileged.

The Committee recommend that the law prohibiting treatment of patients

for venereal disease by unqualified persons shall be strengthened, and

suggest that the Pharmaceutical Society might assist in preventing such

practices.

SECTION 3.--CONCLUDING REMARKS.

The Committee in carrying out their task have been brought into contact

with some uninviting aspects of our social life. Some of the facts

disclosed are of a character to give serious concern to those lovers of

their country who rightly regard it as exceptionally favoured by nature,

and desire to see its people healthy and vigorous, clean in body and

mind, worthy of their heritage. The late war showed that the pick of our

population, physically as well as mentally, were of the finest possible

type, the admiration of all who saw them; but the medical examination of

the recruits disclosed that of 135,282 examined after the introduction

of the Military Service Act--mostly young men in the prime of life--only

57,382, or say, 42½ per cent., could be accepted as fit for training,

unmistakably proving that the nation as a whole was much below the

standard of physical fitness which it ought to exhibit.

The investigations of the Committee show that already there is far too

large a proportion of mental and physical defectives reproducing their

kind. In the absence of accurate statistics it is impossible to say what

proportion of these defectives are the direct product of venereal

disease, but there is clear evidence that a tendency to lead dissolute

lives is especially noticeable in the females belonging to this

unfortunate class. "A feeble-minded girl," says Mr. Beck, "has not sense

enough to protect herself from the perils to which women are subjected.

Often amiable in disposition and physically attractive, they either

marry and bring forth a new generation of defectives, or they become

irresponsible sources of corruption and debauchery in the communities

where they live." Obviously some method of dealing with mental

defectives--by segregation or otherwise--must be found as part of the

problem of dealing with venereal disease.

As regards the effect of venereal disease on the general health of the

community, we have the statement of the late Sir William Osler that he

regards syphilis as "third on the list of killing diseases"; while

Neisser, a leading authority, says that "with the exception of measles,

gonorrhœa is the most widely spread of all diseases. It is the most

potent factor in the production of involuntary race suicide, and by

sterilization and abortion does more to depopulate the country than does

any other cause."

In view of the facts brought out in the course of the inquiry, the

Committee are strongly of opinion that it would be criminal neglect to

allow the evil to go on without taking energetic steps to check its

ravages. They believe that the legislative and other measures which they

recommend for the medical prevention and treatment of venereal disease

will, if given effect to with the loyal co-operation of the medical

profession, have a very beneficial result in reducing the prevalence of

disease, and will save an incalculable amount of sorrow and suffering

which in too many cases falls upon the innocent. In what is proposed in

this report there is nothing approaching a revival of the old Contagious

Diseases Acts. To use the words of Dr. Emily Seideberg, the principle of

the legislation now proposed is "To improve the health of the community,

and not, as in the old Contagious Diseases Acts, to make sexual

immorality safe for men of low morals."

The Committee are of opinion that, far from conditional notification and

compulsory treatment on the lines proposed being prejudicial to woman in

any way, it is they who will reap the greatest benefit from these

measures. In fact, sufferers from venereal disease, as a whole, have

everything to gain and nothing to lose so long as they will continue

under treatment, and to enable them to do this the best medical skill is

placed at their disposal free of cost. The only persons in the community

who will be penalized by the proposed legislation are those who, having

contracted venereal disease, are so reckless and unprincipled that they

will take no pains to avoid communicating it to others.

The Committee, it will be seen, regard the legislative and medical

measures which they propose as of great importance, but with all the

earnestness at their command they desire in conclusion to emphasize the

moral and social aspects of the question. With the changing social

conditions, especially in the larger towns, we are losing the home

influence and home training which are the best safeguards to preserve

the young against the temptations and dangers which beset their path in

life. The Committee would impress upon parents the paramount duty they

owe to their children in this matter. There is also a duty cast upon all

leaders of public opinion, and upon the community at large, to do what

is possible to bring about better living-conditions, especially for

girls in the towns, to encourage all forms of healthy sport and

amusement, and to cultivate a higher moral standard. Whatever sanitary

laws may be passed, and whatever success may be attained in dealing with

bodily disease, there can be no true health if the soul of the nation

remains corrupt. If this inquiry should serve to remove some of the

popular ignorance regarding venereal disease, and to quicken the public

conscience so that appropriate steps may be taken to deal with this

dreadful scourge, the Committee feel that their labours will not have

been in vain.

W.H. TRIGGS, Chairman.

J.S. ELLIOTT, \

M. FRASER, \ Members

J.P. FRENGLEY, > of

JACOBINA LUKE, / Committee.

D. McGAVIN, /

APPENDIX.

GRAPH A.

AVERAGE AGES OF BRIDEGROOM AND BRIDE AT MARRIAGE, 1900-1921.

[Illustration]

TABLE A.

ILLEGITIMATE BIRTHS, AND BIRTHS WITHIN ONE YEAR AFTER MARRIAGE, IN NEW

ZEALAND, 1913-21.

NOTE.--The figures refer to accouchements, not to children born,

multiple cases being counted once only (Only live births are included.)

------+------------+-------------------------------------------------+

|Illegitimate| Duration of Marriage (in Complete Months) |

Year |Births +---+---+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

| | | | | | | | | | |

| | 0.| 1.| 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. | 6. | 7. | 8. |

------+------------+---+---+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

1913 | 1,173| 96|122| 145| 241| 255| 350| 398| 306| 327|

1914 | 1,291| 83|122| 146| 216| 247| 354| 398| 294| 335|

1915 | 1,137| 56| 96| 158| 231| 219| 288| 353| 286| 336|

1916 | 1,139| 63| 95| 135| 170| 212| 269| 326| 266| 343|

1917 | 1,141| 68| 66| 119| 137| 184| 216| 291| 264| 250|

1918 | 1,169| 42| 64| 99| 141| 148| 215| 259| 213| 212|

1919 | 1,132| 52| 98| 101| 125| 161| 202| 258| 222| 238|

1920 | 1,414| 69|125| 167| 220| 295| 347| 445| 377| 407|

1921 | 1,245| 82|140| 177| 228| 253| 341| 456| 370| 382|

+------------+---+---+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

Totals| 10,841|611|928|1,247|1,709|1,974|2,582|3,184|2,598|2,830|

------+------------+---+---+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

------+--------------------+----------------+----------+

| |Total Legitimate| |

Year +------+------+------| First Births | Total |

| 9. | 10. | 11. | after Marriage | Births |

------+------+------+------+----------------+----------+

1913 | 831| 669| 462| 4,202| 27,935|

1914 | 720| 642| 487| 4,044| 28,338|

1915 | 769| 621| 457| 3,870| 27,850|

1916 | 793| 694| 512| 3,878| 28,509|

1917 | 575| 505| 449| 3,124| 28,239|

1918 | 443| 298| 279| 2,413| 25,860|

1919 | 469| 397| 314| 2,637| 24,483|

1920 | 859| 802| 575| 4,688| 29,921|

1921 | 979| 804| 670| 4,882| 28,567|

+------+------+------+----------------+----------+

Totals| 6,438| 5,432| 4,205| 33,738| 249,702|

------+------+------+------+----------------+----------+

MALCOLM FRASER,

Government Statistician.

TABLE B.

TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF CASES TREATED AND ATTENDANCES AT THE

VENEREAL-DISEASE CLINICS DURING THE YEARS 1920-21 AND UP TO JUNE, 1922.

---------------------------+-----------------------------+

| Auckland |

|---------+---------+---------|

| 1920 | 1921 | 1922 |

---------------------------+-----+---+-----+---+-----+---+

suffering from-- | M. | F.| M. | F.| M. | F.|

Syphilis | 174| 30| 100| 44| 81| 29|

Chancroid | 10| ..| 25| ..| 10| ..|

Gonorrhœa | 81| 8| 345| 24| 189| 20|

No V.D. | 59| 10| 73| 25| 21| 8|

Syphilis |1,875|462|1,759|474| 830|313|

Chancroid | 100| ..| 72| ..| 37| ..|

Gonorrhœa |4,702| 95|9,232|141|3,384|172|

No V.D. | 134| 26| 227| 35| 53| 17|

Syphilis | ..| ..| ..| ..| ..| ..|

Gonorrhœa | ..| ..| ..| ..| ..| ..|

---------------------------+-----+---+-----+---+-----+---+

---------------------------+--------------------------------+

| Wellington |

|----------+----------+----------|

| 1920 | 1921 | 1922 |

---------------------------+------+---+------+---+------+---+

suffering from-- | M. | F.| M. | F.| M. | F.|

Syphilis | 93| 34| 80| 10| 41| 8|

Chancroid | 1| ..| 8| ..| 7| ..|

Gonorrhœa | 190| 18| 298| 11| 141| 9|

No V.D. | 40| 10| 52| 25| 33| 17|

Syphilis | 1,388|448| 2,089|616| 1,156|269|

Chancroid | 6| ..| 16| ..| 29| ..|

Gonorrhœa |13,436|180|19,369|520|10,853|423|

No V.D. | 40| 10| 89| 35| 68| 35|

Syphilis | 1,624| ..| 1,711| ..| 790| ..|

Gonorrhœa | 3,024| 77| 4,098| ..| 1,998| ..|

---------------------------+------+---+------+---+------+---+

---------------------------+------------------------------+

| Christchurch |

|---------+---------+----------|

| 1920 | 1921 | 1922 |

---------------------------+-----+---+-----+---+-----+----+

suffering from-- | M. | F.| M. | F.| M. | F.|

Syphilis | 60| 25| 46| 21| 25| 13|

Chancroid | 8| ..| 6| ..| 5| ..|

Gonorrhœa | 120| 32| 139| 35| 70| 21|

No V.D. | 20| 10| 62| 31| 31| 16|

Syphilis | 786|450| 903|473| 632| 248|

Chancroid | 110| ..| 45| ..| 37| ..|

Gonorrhœa |2,132|245|3,968|902|2,239| 339|

No V.D. | 186| 98| 215|187| 96| 52|

Syphilis | 232| 80| 619| 44| 310| 9|

Gonorrhœa | 460|216| 725|161| 221| 157|

---------------------------+-----+---+-----+---+-----+----+

---------------------------+-----------------------+

| Dunedin |

|-------+-------+-------|

| 1920 | 1921 | 1922 |

---------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+

suffering from-- | M.| F.| M.| F.| M.| F.|

Syphilis | 54| 13| 55| 11| 12| 9|

Chancroid | ..| ..| ..| ..| ..| ..|

Gonorrhœa | 37| | 55| 9| 46| 6|

No V.D. | 6| 2| 28| 2| 1| ..|

Syphilis |816|143|505| 84|432|115|

Chancroid | ..| ..| ..| ..| ..| ..|

Gonorrhœa |465| ..|814| 67|638| 63|

No V.D. | 6| 2| 21| 1| 1| |

Syphilis | 74| 55|169|106| 20| ..|

Gonorrhœa | 66| ..|335|166| 28| 59|

---------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+

---------------------------+--------------------------------------+

| Total for Years |

|------------+------------+------------|

| 1920 | 1921 | 1922 |

---------------------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+

suffering from-- | M. | F. | M. | F. | M. | F. |

Syphilis | 381| 102| 281| 86| 159| 59|

Chancroid | 19| ..| 39| ..| 22| ..|

Gonorrhœa | 428| 58| 837| 79| 446| 56|

No V.D. | 125| 32| 215| 83| 86| 41|

Syphilis | 4,865|1,503| 5,256|1,647| 3,050| 948|

Chancroid | 216| ..| 133| ..| 103| ..|

Gonorrhœa |20,105| 520|33,583|1,630|17,114|1,017|

No V.D. | 366| 136| 562| 258| 218| 108|

Syphilis | 1,930| 35| 2,499| 150| 1,120| 9|

Gonorrhœa | 3,550| 293| 5,168| 327| 2,157| 216|

---------------------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+

---------------------------+-------------+-------+

| Totals |Grand |

| according |Totals |

| to Sex | |

---------------------------+-------+-----+-------+

Number of persons dealt | | | |

with at or in connection | | | |

with the out-patients' | | | |

clinic for the first time| | | |

and found to be | | | |

suffering from-- | M. | F. | |

Syphilis | 821| 247| 1,068|

Chancroid | 80| | 80|

Gonorrhœa | 1,711| 193| 1,904|

No V.D. | 426| 156| 582|

Total attendance of all |-------+-----+-------+

persons at the | 3,038| 596| 3,634|

out-patients' clinic who |-------+-----+-------+

were suffering from-- | | | |

Syphilis | 13,171|4,098| 17,269|

Chancroid | 452| ..| 452|

Gonorrhœa | 70,802|3,167| 73,969|

No V.D. | 1,146| 502| 1,648|

Aggregate number of | | | |

in-patients' days of | | | |

treatment given to | | | |

persons suffering from-- | | | |

Syphilis | 5,549| 194| 5,743|

Gonorrhœa | 10,875| 836| 11,711|

---------------------------+-------+-----+-------+

TABLE C.

REPLY FORM.--VENEREAL DISEASES.

(_Confidential_.)

I, the undersigned registered medical practitioner, desire to advise the

Committee on Venereal Diseases of the Board of Health that I had under

my personal care on Saturday, 16th September, 1922,[A] cases of venereal

disease, and of affections attributable to venereal disease, as under:--

NUMBER OF CASES.

Male. Female. Total.

1. Cases of recent infection:--

(_a._) Gonorrhœa (including gonorrhœal ophthalmia)

(_b._) Soft chancre

(_c._) Syphilis, primary and/or secondary

2. Cases of distant infection:--

(_a._) Chronic gonorrhœal affections or disabilities

directly attributable to gonorrhœa infection--_e.g._,

stricture, gleet, arthritis, abscesses, salpingitis, &c.

(_b._) Congenital syphilis

(_c._) Tertiary syphilitic manifestations or disabilities

directly attributable to syphilis infection:--

(i.) Affecting nervous system--_e.g._, gumma,

locomotor, G.P.I., &c.

(ii.) Affecting ear, eye, &c. (special

senses)--_e.g._, optic atrophy, &c.

(iii.) Affecting respiratory system--_e.g._,

syphilitic laryngitis, &c.

(iv.) Affecting digestive system--_e.g._,

syphilitic stricture of rectum, &c.

(v.) Affecting circulatory system--_e.g._,

syphilitic angina, aneurism, &c.

(vi.) Affecting spleen

(vii.) Affecting skin, bones, joints, muscles

(viii.) Affecting genito-urinary system, including

abortions, &c.

NOTE.--No case should be recorded under more than one of these headings.

Total number of cases under my personal care

My opinion is that venereal disease in this Dominion has [not] increased

in a greater proportion than the population during the last five years.

[_Signature of medical practitioner._]

Date of posting: Town where practising or name or }

names of institutions concerned: }

[A] "Under my personal care on Saturday, 16th September, 1922,"

is to be interpreted to include all patients suffering from the

conditions enumerated whom you are attending or have attended,

and who you believe in the event of requiring further

attendance would call you in or consult you, in other words,

_bonâ fide_ patients of your own. It is not intended that you

are to enumerate only the patients actually seen by you on that

date.

Medical superintendents or medical officers in charge of

institutions will regard all patients in or attending their

institutions as "under my personal care on Saturday, 16th

September, 1922," irrespective of whom the actual medical

attendant may be.

Please post this Reply Form as soon as possible after 16th

September, 1922, and not later than 20th September, 1922.

Additional copies of this form are obtainable from the Medical

Officers of Health, or the Secretary of the Board of Health,

P.O. Box 1146, Wellington.

TABLE D.

VENEREAL DISEASES IN NEW ZEALAND AS AT 16TH SEPTEMBER, 1922.--NUMBERS IN

HEALTH DISTRICTS.

---------------+--------------------------------------+

| Cases of Recent Infection. |

Health |---------+------------+--------+------|

---------------+---------+------------+--------+------+

North Auckland | 10| ..| 1| 14|

Auckland | 279| 3| 165| 447|

Hawke's Bay | 35| 3| 17| 55|

Wanganui | 59| 2| 37| 98|

Wellington | 187| 4| 114| 305|

Canterbury | 99| 2| 75| 176|

Otago | 79| ..| 104| 183|

---------------+---------+------------+--------+------+

Dominion totals| 748| 14| 516| 1,278|

---------------+---------+------------+--------+------+

---------------+------------------------------------+------+

| Cases of Distant Infection |Grand |

Health |---------+----------+--------+------+Total |

---------------+---------+----------+--------+------+------+

North Auckland | 10| 1| 5| 16| 30|

Auckland | 229| 51| 239| 519| 966|

Hawke's Bay | 32| 10| 30| 72| 127|

Wanganui | 97| 10| 42| 149| 247|

Wellington | 279| 56| 220| 555| 860|

Canterbury | 83| 17| 111| 211| 387|

Otago | 120| 23| 88| 231| 414|

---------------+---------+----------+--------+------+------+

Dominion totals| 850| 168| 735| 1,753| 3,031|

---------------+---------+----------+--------+------+------+

---------------+-------------------------+

| Expression of Opinion |

Health |--------+--------+-------|

District |Increase|Decrease|Not |

| | |stated |

---------------+--------+--------+-------+

North Auckland | 7| 2| 11|

Auckland | 34| 53| 82|

Hawke's Bay | 6| 19| 24|

Wanganui | 13| 16| 24|

Wellington | 29| 36| 68|

Canterbury | 16| 47| 53|

Otago | 14| 30| 51|

---------------+--------+--------+-------|

Dominion totals| 119| 203| 313|

---------------+--------+--------+-------+

Total replies received, 635.

TABLE E.

VENEREAL DISEASES IN NEW ZEALAND AS AT 16TH SEPTEMBER, 1922. TOTALS (ALL

FORMS) OF GONORRHŒA, SOFT CHANCRE, AND SYPHILIS, AND PERCENTAGE OF

GRAND TOTAL.

----------------+-------------------------------------+---------+

| Totals (all Forms) of each Disease | Grand |

Health District |-----------+--------------+----------+ Total |

----------------+-----------+--------------+----------+---------+

North Auckland | 20| ..| 10| 30|

Auckland | 508| 3| 455| 966|

Hawke's Bay | 67| 3| 57| 127|

Wanganui | 156| 2| 89| 247|

Wellington | 466| 4| 390| 860|

Canterbury | 182| 2| 203| 387|

Otago | 199| ..| 215| 414|

|-----------+--------------+----------+---------+

Dominion totals | 1,598| 14| 1,419| 3,031|

----------------+-----------+--------------+----------+---------+

-----------------+--------------------------------------+

|Percentages (all forms) to Grand Total|

Health District +-----------+--------------+-----------+

| Gonorrhœa | Soft Chancre | Syphilis |

-----------------+-----------+--------------+-----------+

North Auckland | 66.67| ..| 33.33|

Auckland | 52.59| 0.31| 47.10|

Hawke's Bay | 52.76| 2.36| 44.88|

Wanganui | 63.16| 0.81| 36.03|

Wellington | 54.19| 0.46| 15.35|

Canterbury | 47.03| 0.52| 52.45|

Otago | 48.07| ..| 51.93|

+-----------+--------------+-----------+

Dominion totals | 52.72| 0.46| 46.82|

-----------------+-----------+--------------+-----------+

TABLE F.

VENEREAL DISEASES IN NEW ZEALAND AS AT 16TH SEPTEMBER, 1922.--INCIDENCE

IN CHIEF CENTRES SHOWING RATE PER 1,000 ESTIMATED POPULATION.

-----------------+----------+--------------------------------+

| | Cases of Recent Infection |

| +----------+----------+----------+

| | | | |

|Estimated +----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

|1st | a |per | a |per | a |per |

|April, | s |1,000| s |1,000| s |1,000|

|1922 | e | | e | | e | |

| | s | | s | | s | |

-----------------+----------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

Auckland | 164,450 | 214| 1.30| 146| 0.89| 360| 2.19|

Wellington | 110,680 | 159| 1.44| 99| 0.89| 258| 2.33|

Christchurch | 110,200 | 79| 0.72| 59| 0.53| 138| 1.25|

Dunedin | 73,470 | 54| 0.74| 102| 1.39| 156| 2.12|

Hamilton | 14,950 | 15| 1.01| 3| 0.20| 18| 1.20|

Cisborne | 14,920 | 7| 0.47| ..| ..| 7| 0.47|

Napier | 17,670 | 17| 0.96| 13| 0.74| 30| 1.70|

Hastings | 13,530 | ..| ..| 2| 0.15| 2| 0.15|

New Plymouth | 13,510 | 3| 0.22| ..| ..| 3| 0.22|

Wanganui | 24,170 | 14| 0.58| 12| 0.50| 26| 1.08|

Palmerston North | 17,510 | 5| 0.29| 13| 0.80| 18| 1.03|

Nelson | 10,880 | 1| 0.09| ..| ..| 1| 0.09|

Timaru | 16,040 | 6| 0.37| 1| 0.06| 7| 0.44|

Invercargill | 19,590 | 1| 0.05| ..| ..| 1| 0.05|

-----------------+----------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

--------------+--------------------------------------------+----------+

| Cases of Distant Infection | Grand |

|----------+-----------+----------+----------+ Total +

|----------+----+------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

Urban Area. | C |Rate | C |Rate | C |Rate | C |Rate | C |Rate |

| a |per | a |per | a |per | a |per | a |per |

| s |1,000| s |1,000 | s |1,000| s |1,000| s |1,000|

| e | | e | | e | | e | | e | |

| s | | s | | s | | s | | s | |

--------------+----+-----+----+------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

Auckland | 147| 0.89| 42| 0.26| 194| 1.18| 383| 2.33| 743| 4.52|

Wellington | 240| 2.17| 42| 0.38| 183| 1.65| 465| 4.20| 723| 6.53|

Christchurch | 63| 0.57| 15| 0.14| 87| 0.79| 165| 1.50| 303| 2.75|

Dunedin | 96| 1.31| 18| 0.25| 59| 0.80| 173| 2.35| 329| 4.48|

Hamilton | 22| 1.47| ..| ..| 10| 0.67| 32| 2.14| 50| 3.34|

Cisborne | 9| 0.60| 2| 0.13| 9| 0.60| 20| 1.34| 27| 1.81|

Napier | 8| 0.45| 3| 0.17| 9| 0.51| 20| 1.13| 50| 2.83|

Hastings | 1| 0.07| 2| 0.15| 2| 0.15| 5| 0.37| 7| 0.52|

New Plymouth | 3| 0.22| ..| ..| ..| ..| 3| 0.22| 6| 0.52|

Wanganui | 29| 1.20| 6| 0.25| 21| 0.87| 56| 2.32| 82| 3.39|

Palmerston N. | 12| 0.69| 5| 0.29| 3| 0.17| 20| 1.14| 38| 2.17|

Nelson | ..| ..| 4| 0.37| 10| 0.92| 14| 1.29| 15| 1.38|

Timaru | 5| 0.31| ..| ..| 8| 0.50| 13| 0.81| 20| 1.25|

Invercargill | 7| 0.36| ..| ..| 10| 0.51| 17| 0.87| 18| 0.92|

--------------+----+-----+----+------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

TABLE G.

VENEREAL DISEASES IN NEW ZEALAND AS AT 16TH SEPTEMBER, 1922.

--PROPORTION OF CASES PER 1,000 OF POPULATION IN EACH HEALTH DISTRICT.

-----------+----------+-------------------------+-------------------------+

| | Total Cases Proportion Cases per 1,000|

Health |Estimated | (all Diseases) | Estimated Population |

District |Population+---------+---------+-----+---------+---------+-----+

-----------+----------+---------+---------+-----+---------+---------+-----+

N. Auckland| 36,930| 14| 16| 30| 0.38| 0.43| 0.81|

Auckland | 323,436| 447| 519| 966| 1.38| 1.60| 2.99|

Hawke's Bay| 80,242| 55| 72| 127| 0.62| 0.81| 1.42|

Wanganui | 110,866| 98| 149| 247| 0.88| 1.34| 2.23|

Wellington | 242,830| 305| 555| 860| 1.26| 2.28| 3.54|

Canterbury | 240,387| 176| 211| 387| 0.73| 0.88| 1.61|

Otago | 200,574| 183| 231| 414| 0.91| 1.15| 2.06|

-----------+----------+---------+---------+-----+---------+---------+-----+

Totals | 1,244,265| 1,278| 1,753|3,031| 1.03| 1.41| 2.44|

-----------+----------+---------+---------+-----+---------+---------+-----+

TABLE H.

VENEREAL DISEASES IN NEW ZEALAND AS AT 16TH SEPTEMBER, 1922.

--SEX NUMBERS AND PROPORTIONS IN HEALTH DISTRICTS.

Key: %% = F. to 100 M.

------------+--------------------------------------------+

| Cases of Recent |

| Infection |

Health +--------------+--------------+--------------+

District | Gonorrhœa | Syphilis | Totals |

+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+

| M | F | %% | M | F | %% | M | F | %% |

------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+

N. Auckland | 10| ..| ..| 3| 1| 33| 13| 1| 8|

Auckland | 224| 55| 25| 112| 53| 47| 336| 108| 32|

Hawke's Bay | 28| 7| 25| 12| 5| 42| 40| 12| 30|

Wanganui | 40| 19| 48| 25| 12| 48| 65| 31| 48|

Wellington | 143| 44| 31| 95| 19| 20| 238| 63| 26|

Canterbury | 63| 36| 57| 48| 27| 56| 111| 63| 57|

Otago | 62| 17| 27| 89| 15| 17| 151| 32| 21|

------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+

Totals | 570| 178| 31| 384| 132| 34 | 954| 310| 32|

------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+

------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

| Cases of Distant |

| Infection |

Health +--------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+

+-----+---+----+----+---+----+----+---+----+-----+-----+----+

| M | F | %% | M | F | %% | M | F | %% | M | F | %% |

------------+-----+---+----+----+---+----+----+---+----+-----+-----+----+

N. Auckland | 8| 2| 25| ..| 1| ..| 4| 1| 25| 12| 4| 33|

Auckland | 156| 73| 47| 33| 18| 55| 168| 71| 42| 357| 162| 45|

Hawke's Bay | 27| 5| 19| 7| 3| 43| 22| 8| 36| 56| 16| 29|

Wanganui | 74| 23| 31| 5| 5| 100| 29| 13| 45| 108| 41| 38|

Wellington | 225| 54| 24| 31| 25| 81| 156| 64| 41| 412| 143| 35|

Canterbury | 65| 18| 29| 7| 10| 143| 81| 30| 37| 153| 58| 38|

Otago | 101| 19| 19| 15| 8| 53| 58| 30| 52| 174| 57| 33|

------------+-----+---+----+----+---+----+----+---+----+-----+-----+----+

Totals | 656 |194| 30| 98| 70| 71| 518|217| 42|1,272| 481| 38|

------------+-----+---+----+----+---+----+----+---+----+-----+-----+----+

--------------+------------------+

Health | Grand Totals |

District +-----+-----+------+

| M | F | %% |

--------------+-----+-----+------+

North Auckland| 25| 5| 20|

Auckland | 693| 270| 39|

Hawke's Bay | 96| 28| 29|

Wanganui | 173| 72| 42|

Wellington | 650| 206| 32|

Canterbury | 264| 121| 46|

Otago | 325| 89| 27|

--------------+-----+-----+------+

Dominion | | | |

Totals |2,226| 791| 36|

--------------+-----+-----+------+

* * * * *

_Approximate Cost of Paper._--Preparation, not given;

printing (1,225 copies), £45.

* * * * *

By Authority: W.A.G. SKINNER, Government Printer, Wellington.--1922.

_Price 9d._

Venereal Diseases in New Zealand (1922) Report of the Special Committee of the Board of Health appointed by the Hon. Minister of Health · 第 9 / 9 章