here, whose fire shall not extinguish, and whose worme dieth not. It is
without doubt destinated to the punishment of reprobates, which shall
never be quenched, nor the worme that stingeth the conscience shall
never dye; To keep that this worm that is engendred of corruption may
not procreate, we must salt it with discretion and prudence, that it
may do nothing which may offend and scandalize his neighbour, according
as the Evangelist specifies it, _Hee that shall scandalize one of these
little ones that beleeve in mee_. And as for banishing and chasing away
strange fire, that devours our soul, as a burning feaver doth vitall
heat, this must be done by the mediating intervention of divine fire,
which is much more puissant then any other. Let us heare that which
to this purpose Saint _Ambrose_ alledgeth in the 3. _chap._ of his
Offices, Saint _John_ baptized Jesus Christ with the Holy Ghost and
with fire, which is the type and image of the Holy Ghost, who after his
ascension, must descend for the remission of sinnes, so enflaming as a
fire doth the soul and heart of the faithfull, according as _Jeremie_
saith in 20. & 9. after he had received the Holy Ghost, _and it was as
a burning fire in my heart, shut up in my bones_. What is the meaning
then of that in the _Maccabees_, that the fire was become water, and
this water excites the fire, but that the spirituall grace burneth by
the fire, and by the water it doth purifie and cleanse our sinnes? for
sinne washeth and burneth, according to which the Apostle saith, fire
will prove what each mans works shall bee; for it must necessarily be,
that this examination should bee perfected in all those that desire to
returne into Paradise. It was not without cause, nor idlely set downe
in the 3. of _Genesis_, that after _Adam_ and _Eve_ were banished from
thence, he placed at its entrance a brandishing sword of fire, to keep
the passage to the tree of life. With this fire then we must all be
salted that are in the way of salvation; following that which _Origen_
set downe in his 3. _Homil._ upon the 36. _Psalme_, Wee must all goe to
the fire of Purgatory, and _Peter_ and _Paul_, but all shall not passe
thereby, after the same sort as they did, whereof it is said in the
43. of _Esay_ 2. _When thou shalt passe through the waters, the waves
shall not cover thee, for I will be with thee, when thou shalt march
through the fire, thou shalt not bee burnt._ The Israelites passed
through the red Sea dry-shod, and the Ægyptians were drowned therein:
The three children in _Nebuchadnezzars_ furnace, had no detriment, and
those that heated the fire without, were therewith consumed. And in the
19. _Hom._ upon the 16. of _Leviticus_, All are not purged by this fire
that parts from the Altar, it is the fire of the Lord; for hee that is
from the Altar, is not of God, but a strange fire, dedicated for the
cruciating of sinners, which shall never be quenched, nor the worm that
gnaweth shall never dye: for after that the soul by a multitude of its
wicked comportments hath heaped up within him abundance of sinnes, this
congregation of evils in succession of times, comes to boil and enflame
us with a paine and punishment internall, as the body doth of a feaver
proceeding from the excesse of the mouth, or other superfluities, when
she shall come to thinke and relate a history of its delinquencies,
which will bee a perpetuall prickle, wherewith it will bee tormented,
so that shee will make her selfe as an accuser and witnesse against her
selfe, according as the Apostle said, _Rom._ 2. 15. _Their conscience
also bearing witnesse, and their thoughts either accusing or excusing
one another, in the day when God shall judge the secrets of all men._
But _Jeremie_ on the other side, speaking of a drinke of the wrath of
God, which shall be poured out upon all manner of Nations, whereof
whosoever will not drinke, shall not be purified; and from that we
learne, that the fury of Gods vengeance, profiteth for the purgation
of souls, as well in generall as in particular, and there is nothing
more purgative then fire, of which the Prophet _Malachy_ should say in
his 3. _chap._ 3. _The Lord will sanctifie them in a burning fire_,
and such is the fire of tribulations and adversity, with which we must
be salted and purged; for salt is purgative above any other thing, as
wee may sufficiently perceive in those that drink Sea water, who all
dye of a flux. Of the other fire which is exterminative and strange,
of which it is also in the 10. of _Leviticus_ 2. _And a fire went out
from the Lord, and devoured Nadab and Abihu_: God said in the 32. of
_Deut._ _v._ 22. _They shall burne unto the lowest hell, and shall
consume the earth with her encrease, and set on fire the foundations
of the Mountaines_. For the justice of the Almighty, said one of the
good Fathers foreseeing that which must come, from the beginning of the
world, created this fire of eternall hell, that whereof _Esay_ intends
to speak, whose fire is not quenched, to beginne to be the punishment
of the wicked, without that burning and heat should cease, now for that
it is neither wood nor charcoale, nor other matter to maintain it, but
shall be eternally tormented therewith in body and soul, because they
have offended with the one and the other; for sins are the bait and
nourishment of this fire, which by a gathering together of misdeeds,
and superabundance of iniquity heaped one upon another, enflame the
soul to a perdurable punishment, even as a burning feaver, the repleat
body, and render it a joice of ill digestion, by a superfluity of
viands, and other disorders, and excesse from whence there was drawne
a wicked habitude; for the soul then comming to remember her delights,
agitated with the living and most rigorous pricks which gall it, she
comes to be her owne accuser, by certaine remorse of conscience that
can profit them no more, (because in hell there is no redemption) and
to be his witnesse and judge, as the Apostle sets it downe in the 2. of
the _Romanes_, _Their conscience bearing witnesse, and their thoughts
accusing them, in the day when God shall judge the secrets of men_.
But there is also a fire in this world, by which we must be salted and
purified, for as much deduction of it as we must endure from thence,
namely, tribulations, which are to us as a Minorative in Physick, of
the compleat purgation that wee must receive thereby.
The two foresaid fires furthermore, that of the Altar, and the strange,
may be very properly compared, that there to _aqua vitæ_, the other to
_aqua fortis_, which ends and destroyes all, where _aqua vitæ_ serves
for nourishment, for all that wee eat or drinke participates thereof,
and is that which passeth and converts into nutriment. It is true that
it is revealed more nearly in some subjects then in other. Wine is
that where it manifests it self soonest, and with lesse preparation
and paine, afterwards wheat, and so of the rest; for there is nothing
wherein nature doth so soone make his profit, as of these two. _Aqua
vitæ_ is also called burning, because it conceives so easily the flame
and burneth, for that it is necessary, that whatsoever doth nourish
must suffer under the fires action. Otherwise how is it that naturall
heat could work thereupon, which is much weaker then that of fire?
wee know by experience that we could not draw any nourishment from
stones, metals, earth, and other substances, whereupon fire cannot
bite: and if wolves doe sometimes eat clay, wild-ducks, and other
birds, small flints, and gravell, it is either to avoid vacuity, or for
some medicament to them knowne by a secret instinct of nature, but not
that this doth digest or serve them for maintenance, no more then Iron
doth _Ostriches_; which yet they corrupt by a strong and great heat of
their stomach. But you will say, that this assimilation contraries the
text of the 10. of _Leviticus_ where _Aarons_ sonnes are so burned for
offering strange fire.
That which _Rabbi Simeon_ to _Zohar_ relates in part, that they served
at the Altar, being drunk, and overcome with wine, for that which
followes after demonstrates it; that God said unto _Aaron_, Thou nor
thy sonnes shall not drink wine when you enter into the Tabernacle:
whereto may be answered, that similitudes cannot in all, or through
all agree, otherwise it would be the same thing they represent. _Aqua
vitæ_ doth not make drunke if men take not so much at a time, that it
may alienate people from their spirit. And yet being separate from
wine, the remainder should be nothing but phlegme, and residences,
which cannot in any sort make drunke, nor being therewith mingled and
adjoined by nature, as to stoppe again the acuity of the _aqua vitæ_.
Yet we see by experience, in Germany and other cold Regions, where
_aqua vitæ_ is in good esteem, as well for the quantity which they
take; it doth not for that make men drunke, as wine would do in such
a quantity, as that, wherewith it should be quenched; and putting a
little Salt in very strong wine, it will make men drunk sooner then to
drinke it pure. I have often made tryall, that often joyning together
_aqua vitæ_ to that which men had drawne, this mingling could not
cause drunkennesse any more, because the parts once separated of the
compounded elements, and then reconjoined, take another nature then it
had at the first. Certes it is a great support and comfort that _aqua
vitæ_ hath for a weak stomach, either through age or other accident,
although men thinke that it burnes and offends the noble parts; for
though it be inflamable, it is not therefore burning. He that would
see the great vertues thereof, let him read the _Quintessences_
of _Raimund Lullius_, _Rupescissa_, _Ulstadius_ his heaven of
Philosophers, for wee will not stay here as on a thing too triviall
and beaten. They call it the quintessence for the conformity it hath
with the celestiall nature, because that as the heaven, which is as
another Air, but more subtill then the Elementary, contains the Stars,
whence it receives divers impressions and effects that it doth infuse
and communicate unto us, here below, the same _Aqua vitæ_ doth easily
impregn it self, with the qualities and specificall vertues which are
therein put to infusion. To this proposition of heaven and Stars, and
of their different impressions, wee will not here passe over a fine
dispute which here presents it self. The Earl _Pica de Mirandula_,
truly a prodigious spirit accompanied with great Literature, in his 3.
Book against Judiciall Astrology, 25. chap. transported with too hot a
curiosity to impugn this Art, Will we (saith he) prove that the vertue
of all the Stars is but even one? Let us suppose this Maxime. That
the nature of heaven cannot more openly and sucinctly, expresse, then
by saying heaven to be a unity of all bodies, for there is nothing in
all the universe that doth not depend upon this certain one, as from
his primitive course, with many other premises wherewith hee would
conclude that of the propriety and vertue of each Star indifferently,
depends the facultie and vertue of all the composed Elements, without
having there other difference between them, if peradventure, this was
not in greatnesse; as it is apparently seen: nor can men say, that one
presides more particularly to one thing here below, then to another:
for every Star presides to all; so that if all were joined and united
together in one onely body, this should be as if infinite flames and
fires should come to assemble, to make but one, which would be stronger
then true, but not of diverse propriety and nature, which doth not
change it self into homogeneall, and homomaternall substances, by a
coacervation, nor which comes to produce other effects then it did,
being separated, as one may see in water, and a great torch in respect
of a little waxe light, which will light infinite others as well as the
torch, though more powerfull, to heat, boil, and burn, as being in a
greater volume.
But it is a very hard thing to overthrow an opinion already received
of long durance, chiefly if it bee supported with authority of holy
Scripture; which must bee to us as a touchstone, by it to verifie
our ratiocinations, for the most part uncertain and erroneous, if
they bee not conducted by divine inspiration: It is written in the
147. _Psal._ 5. _He knoweth all the Stars, and calleth them all by
their names._ That if they have all different and particular names,
wherefore should it serve but to distinguish them in their effects,
proprieties, qualities and vertues? for the name of things, imports the
same. Follow that which is said in the 2. of _Gen._ as _Adam_ named
every thing, such was its true and proper name: which _Plato_ in his
_Cratylus_ saith is not onely the type and representation of things,
but their Essence. And in this case there is a fair consideration to
bee marked, that God left to _Adam_ the nomination of terrestriall
things: but reserved to himselfe that of Celestiall: as hee expresseth
in the 115. _Psal._ 16. _The Heaven of Heavens are the Lords, but
the Earth hath he given to the children of men_: which is as much
to say, according to _Rabbi_ the _Ægyptian_ in the 2. Book of his
_More_, or director, 25. Cha. That the Creator knoweth himself alone
the certain verity of the heavens, what is their form, substance, and
their motions; but upon that under heaven he hath given power to man
to know, for Earth is properly mans world, where hee produceth, and
the place of his conversation, as long as hee liveth: as fire and
light attached to matter: there where the causes upon which we might
found our demonstrations concerning heaven, are out of our knowledge,
being so far remote from us. And in this case _the Heaven of Heavens,
are the Lords_, there may be a double exposition, according to the
punctuation and reading. _That Heaven belongs to the Lord of Heaven_,
and so the _Hebrewes_ take it, but who doubts, but that the Earth also
belongs to him, as well as the Heaven? _The Earth is the Lords, and
the fulnesse thereof_, and in the 23. of _Jer._ _Doe not I fill the
Heaven and the Earth? And the Heaven of Heavens is reserved for God,
and the Earth is left to the children of men_, which is a manner of
speech usuall in the holy Scripture. _For if the Heaven and the Heaven
of Heavens cannot comprehend thee_, saith _Solomon_ to God; for the
_Hebrewes_ metaphorically call Heaven, things that are far distant from
our sight: and we also after their imitation, as when wee speak of a
Kite, Heron or Gerfalcon, when they fly so high, that wee can hardly
discern them, that they goe to loose themselves in Heaven: so that all
which is here under the sphere of the Moon, and generally all that is
above us, they call it Heaven: and the Heaven of Heavens, the Æthereall
Region from the Moon to the Firmament, as well the Firmament it self,
or the _Empyrean_ Heaven. But farther that the Stars should bee all of
one nature, propriety and effect, to see them so like, besides their
greatnesse and clearnesse, it follows not that the same appears of the
same sort as of fire, yet wee commonly call them fires and celestiall
lights: It is as if the seeds of trees and plants, whereof there are
infinite, should all mixe together, and the first buds also, that they
cast, which differ as nothing, but to the measure whereunto they grow,
their differences doe manifest them. The _Hebrewes_ hold that there
is not so little, and poor a herb on the Earth, nor any other thing
of the three kinds of the composed Mineralls, Vegetables, or animals,
that hath not above its correspondent Star, that assists it, and from
which it receives its maintenance and conservation. But how can that
agree? will some say to the contrary; because it seems to derogate
and contradict that which in expresse terms is set down in the 1. of
_Gen._ where it is written, that in the third day, _the Earth of her
self brought forth herbs, and trees, containing in them their seeds:
according to their kinds_: neverthelesse the Sun, nor the Moon, nor the
Stars, were created till the day after, the fourth by which is designed
its effect and function: _Let there bee lights made, in the firmament
of the heaven, namely the Sun, the Moon, and the Stars, to separate the
night from the day: and let them bee for signes, and seasons, for dayes
and years_: without attributing any thing of their assistance, upon
trees and plants, and other elementary things.
[Sidenote: An inflamation arising from pure choler in the skin
exulcerating it with pain.]
But to return to the particulars of _Aqua vitæ_, there will be no hurt
here to touch upon this experiment thereof made, very gentile and rare,
leaving others that are more common, _Aqua vitæ_ hath this particular,
that it dissolves not sugar, nor joines not with it, as doth its flegm
and common water, vinegar, and other liquors: but by artifice it self,
of two it makes a thrice sweet liquor, very proper against the fluxes
of Catarrhs, and salt rheumes, that molest the stomach, and throat,
and is thereunto very good and comfortable. Lay in steep a day or two
Cinnamon grossely beaten; and take off the infusion very neat: take
fine sugar within a pottage dish that hath ears, brought into fine
small powder, and so perfume it, mingle it with a small portion of
Sugar roset. Poure thereon this _Aqua vitæ_ and make them a little
warm upon ashes, then put fire thereto with a lighted paper, stirring
all well with a little spit of clean wood, so long untill the _Aqua
vitæ_ burn no more, & there will remain a liquor most agreeable to the
taste, and mervailously comfortable: you may add thereto liquor of
pearls, Coral and other the like, which dissolve easily in the juice of
Citron or distilled vinegar, which makes it sweet to stream out upon
it a quantity of common water or the phlegm of _Aqua vitæ_: and not by
calcining it as _Paracelsus_ and his followers do, with Salt-Peter,
which is manifest poyson: so that things are done in vain by more,
that may be done by fewer, so that it bee justly done. Further, every
one sufficiently knowes how to draw _Aqua vitæ_, filling two parts
of the Alimbeck with Glasse, or _Beuvois_ Earth, with good old wine,
and distilling it with an easie fire through a Bath in a Caldron full
of water, with chaffe. Continue the distillation untill you see long
veines and sprouts appear, in the Chappe and in the Recipient. For
it is _Aqua vitæ_, which mounts first, and the phlegm comes after in
grosse drops, as tears; which is a token that there is no more _Aqua
vitæ_. Men may refine it, passing again another time: But I should
not bee of an opinion, that to take it into the body, it should bee
more then once. And it is a strange thing that by its own subtilty,
for it will mount through five or six doubles of paper _brovillas_
without wetting it. I have seen them cast a full glasse thereof in
the air, and not one drop to fall to the earth: It is of soveraign
force against all burnings and chiefly that of small shot, with which
shee hinders (as was said before) the _Estiomenes_ and Gangreenes:
which sheweth sufficiently the purity of its fire which may by good
right be called Celestiall. See here that which _Raimund Lullius_ sets
down of his proprieties and vertues. Wee must not understand (saith
he) that neither quintessence nor any other thing here below, can
render us immortall. It is ordained for all men once to die: nor can
we prolong our dayes beyond and above the prefixed time, for that is
reserved to God. _Mans daies are short, and the number of his moneths
are with thee: thou hast appointed his limits which hee cannot
passe_, there where on the contrary they may well bee accidentally
shortned: _Aqua vitæ_ then, nor all other sorts of quintessences and
restoratives, cannot prolong our life for one minute of an hower;
yet they may conserve and maintain it to the last but, preserving it
from putrefaction, which is it, that shortens it most: But to defend
putrefaction by corruptible things, that cannot bee; we must therefore
find out some incorruptible substance, proper and familiar to our
nature, which conserves and maintains the radicall heat, as oil doth
the light of a Lampe. Such is the _aqua vitæ_ drawn from wine, the most
comfortable and connaturall substance of all others, provided it be
not abused with excesse. _Plutarch_ in the 3. Book, the 8. question of
his Symposiaques, compares wine to fire, and our body to clay. If you
give fire (he sets it down there) which is of a mediocrity to the clay,
and earth to the Potter, he will consolidate it in the pots, bricks,
tiles, and other the like works, but if it be excessive, hee resolves
it, and makes it melt and run. Moreover _Aqua vitæ_, preserves strongly
from their corruption, as wee may see by things vegetable and Animall,
which men put there to mingle, which by this means conserves them in
their entire length. It comforts and maintains a man in vigor of youth:
which it restoreth from day to day, it rejoyceth and strengtheneth the
vitall spirits: it digests crudities taken fasting, and reduceth the
equality, the excessive superfluities, and the defaults which may bee
in our bodies; causing divers effects according to the disposition of
the subject where shee applies her selfe, as doth the Sunnes heat,
which melts wax and hardens durt, and fire doth the same. And there
is that celestiall spirit residing in _Aqua vitæ_, so susceptible of
all qualities, proprieties, and vertues, that she can make her hot,
empregning it with hot things, cold with cold things, and so of the
rest; being shee is naturall, conformably to our soule, inclinable to
good and evill, for although it consists of the foure Elements, they
are therein so proportioned, that the one doth not domineer over the
other. Wherefore they call it Heaven, whereto wee apply such starres
as wee will, namely of the simple Elements, of which she conceives the
proprieties and the effects: herein we may compare celestiall fire to
the Altar.
But strong waters, which dissipate and ruine all, are this strange
fire, and so Alchymists call them, and fire against nature externall
fire, and other the like exterminatives. Certes if the effects of
Cannon Powder be so admirable, consisting of so few species, and
ingredients, which may be well called the true infernall fire, the
devourer of mankind. The action of strong waters is no lesse which
burne all, being compounded onely of two or three substances, that
which wee commonly call the _Separator_, _Salt-peter_, _Vitriol_, or
Allum Ice, and this dissolves Silver, Copper, Quicksilver, and Iron in
part. _La Regalle_ which is no other thing then the preceding rectified
upon _Salarmoniac_, or common Salt, dissolved partly with Iron, Lead,
Tinne, and intameable Gold, with all sorts of fire. It is true, that
strong waters doe not destroy metals, that they returne not to their
first forme and nature, but drawes them to water, and a melting liquor.
This was certainly a good Artificiall industry in mans spirit, to
excogitate so short a way to separate Gold and Silver melted together,
and so uniformedly mixed, that an ounce of Gold melted with an hundred
markes of Silver, each part thereof will equally attract his portion,
as wee may see by the refiners practise, which to prove that which it
holds of Gold & of Silver, a confused masse of divers metals will take
but 30. grains to make their essay in the Coupelle, and from thence
will judge that the same proportion that you shall finde in this small
volume, shall bee also in the whole masse; all that which may bee
therein of impure imperfect metall goes away partly in smoake, and is
partly consumed by fire, and partly sticks like Birdlime within the
Coupelle, nothing remaining above it but what is fine, namely Silver
and Gold, which is there inclosed, with which they separate strong
waters called on the occasion the _divider_, which dissolves Silver
into water, and Gold falls to the bottome as sand; the water afterwards
evaporated, the Silver retires it selfe. But here it would be too
much to speake of the effects of strong waters, one of the principall
and short instruments of Alchymie, and the Art of fire and Salt, with
infinite fine allegories, which thereby may be appropriated upon Holy
Writ.