[Sidenote: Dée or Deua.]

The Dee or Deua (as Ptolomie calleth it) is a noble riuer, & breeder

of the best trout, whose head is in Merioneth shire, about thrée miles

aboue the lake, situate in the countie of Penthlin, and called Lin

Tegnis, whose streame yet verie small, by reason of the shortnesse of

his course, falleth into the said lake, not far from Lanullin. There

are sundrie other waters which come also into the said lake, which is

foure or five miles in length, and about two miles ouer; as one from

by south, whose fall is east, and not manie furlongs from the Dee:

another hath his issue into the same by Langower: the third on the

north side of Lanullin, named Leie: the fourth at Glanlintegid called

Jauerne, the lake it selfe ending about Bala, and from thence running

[Sidenote: Trowerin.]

into the Trowerin, a pretie streame, and not a little augmented by the

Kelme and Monach which fall by north into the same, and ioineth with

the Dée south of Lanuair; from whence forth it looseth the name, and

is afterward called Dée. East of Bala in like sort it receiueth the

[Sidenote: Ruddoch.]

[Sidenote: Cleton.]

Ruddoch, then the Cleton, and so passing on by Landright to Langar, it

méeteth with a confluence procéeding from the Alwen and the Giron, of

which this riseth in the hils aboue Langham, the other in the

mounteines about fiue or six miles by northwest of Lanihangle in

Denbighshire, where (as I gesse) it falleth into the ground; and

afterward rising againe betwéene Lanihangle and Bettus, it holdeth on

about two miles, and then ioineth with the Giron, full six miles aboue

Dole, and before it come to the Dee. From hence the Dee goeth by

Lansanfraid, and the marches of Merioneth into Denbighshire, and so to

Langellon, Dinas, Bren, &c: kéeping his course by certeine windlesses,

[Sidenote: Gristioneth.]

till he receiue the Gristioneth, descending by Ruabon, then another

[Sidenote: Keriog.]

est of the same; the third from by west called Keriog (whose head is

not farre from the bounds of Merioneth and course by Lanarmon,

Lansanfraid, and Chirke) the fourth from south east out of Shropshire,

called Morlais, and so passeth as bounds betwéene Denbighshire, and

the Outliggand of Flintshire, to wit by Bistocke on the one side and

Bangor on the other, till it come to Worthenburie: whereabout it

receiueth a chanell descending from foure influences, of which one

commeth by Penlie chappell, the second from Hamnere, which goeth downe

by Emberhall, and falleth in a little by east of the other; the third

from Blackmere (by Whitchurch) &c: and the fourth from betwéene Chad

and Worsall. These two later méeting aboue nether Durtwich, doo hold

on to Talerne, as mine information instructeth me.

From Wrothenburie the Dee goeth northwestwards toward Shocklige,

[Sidenote: Cluedoch.]

méeting by the waie with the confluence of the Cluedoch (or Dedoch

originall mother to those trouts for which the Dée is commended) and

[Sidenote: Gwinrogh.]

descendeth from Capell Moinglath) and the Gwinrogh, that runneth

through Wrexham, both ioining a mile and more beneath Wrexham, not far

from Hantwerne. Soone after also our maine riuer receiueth another

becke from by east, which is bound on the northwest side to the

Outliggand of Flintshire, and so passeth on betwéene Holt castell and

Ferneton, Almere and Pulton, as march betwéene Denbighshire and

[Sidenote: Alannus.]

Cheshire, and then taketh in the Alannus or Alen; a pretie riuer and

worthie to be described. The head of this Alen therefore is in

Denbighshire, and so disposed that it riseth in two seuerall places,

ech being two miles from other, the one called Alen Mawr, the other

Alen Vehan, as I doo find reported. They méet also beneath Landegleie,

and run northwards till they come beyond Lanuerres, where meeting with

a rill comming from by west, it runneth on to the Mold to Horsheth,

and so in and out to Greseford, taking the Cagidog from southwest with

it by the waie; then to Traue Alen, and so into the Dée, a mile and

more aboue the fall of Powton becke, which also descendeth from

southwest out of Flintshire, and is march vnto the same, euen from the

verie head. After which confluence the Dée hauing Chestershire on both

sides, goeth to Aldford with a swift course, where it méeteth with the

Beston brooke, whereof I doo find this description following.

[Sidenote: Beston.]

"The Beston water riseth in the wooddie soile betwéene Spruston and

Beston castell with a forked head, and leauing Beston towne on the

northeast, it goeth to Tarneton, and to Hakesleie, where it diuideth

it selfe in such wise, that one branch thereof runneth by Totnall,

Goldburne, and Léehall, to Alford, and so into the Dée, the other by

Stapleford, Terwine, Barrow, Picton, and Therton, where it brancheth

againe, sending foorth one arme by Stanneie poole, and the parke side

into Merseie arme, toward the northwest, and another by southwest,

which commeth as it were backe againe, by Stoke, Croughton, Backeford,

Charleton, Vpton, the Baites, and so vnder a bridge to Chester ward,

where it falleth into the Dée arme at Flockes brooke, excluding Wirall

on the northwest as an Iland, which lieth out like a leg betwéene the

Merseie and the Dée armes, and including and making another fresh

Iland within the same, whose limits by northwest are betwéene

Thorneton, Chester, & Aldford, on the northeast Thorneton and

Hakesleie, and on the southeast Hakesleie and Aldford, whereby the

forme thereof dooth in part resemble a triangle." And thus much of the

Dée, which is a troublesome streame when the wind is at southwest, and

verie dangerous, in so much that few dare passe thereon. Sometimes

also in haruest time it sendeth downe such store of water, when the

wind bloweth in the same quarter, that it drowneth all their grasse

and corne that groweth in the lower grounds néere vnto the bankes

thereof. Certes it is about thrée hundred foot, at his departure from

the Tignie, and worthilie called a litigious streame; because that by

often alteration of chanell, it inforceth men to séeke new bounds vnto

their lands, for here it laieth new ground, and there translateth and

taketh awaie the old, so that there is nothing more vnconstant than

the course of the said water. Of the monasterie Bangor also, by which

it passeth after it hath left Orton bridge, I find this note, which I

will not omit, because of the slaughter of monks made sometime néere

vnto the same. For although the place require it not, yet I am not

willing altogither to omit it.

[Sidenote: The situation of the monasterie of Bangor.]

This abbeie of Bangor stood sometime in English Mailor, by hither and

south of the riuer Dée. It is now ploughed ground where that house

stood, by the space of a Welsh mile (which reacheth vnto a mile and an

halfe English) and to this day the tillers of the soile there doo plow

vp bones (as they saie) of those monks that were slaine in the

quarrell of Augustine, and within the memorie of man some of them were

taken vp in their rotten weeds, which were much like vnto those of our

late blacke monks, as Leland set it downe: yet Erasmus is of the

opinion, that the apparell of the Benedictine monks was such as most

men did weare generallie at their first institution. But to proceed.

This abbeie stood in a valleie, and in those times the riuer ran hard

by it. The compasse thereof likewise was as the circuit of a walled

towne, and to this daie two of the gates may easilie be discerned, of

which the one is named Port Hogan lieng by north, the other Port Clais

situat vpon the south. But the Dée hauing now changed his chanell,

runneth through the verie middest of the house betwixt those two

gates, the one being at the left a full halfe mile from the other. As

for the squared stone that is found hereabout, and the Romane coine,

there is no such necessitie of the rehersall therof, but that I may

passe it ouer well inough without anie further mention.

Being past the Dée we sailed about Wirall, passing by Hibrie or

Hilbrée Iland, and Leuerpole, Nasse, making our entrie into Merseie

arme by Leuerpole hauen, where we find a water falling out betwéene

Seacombe and the Ferie, which dooth in maner cut off the point from

the maine of Wirall. For rising néere to the northwest shore, it

holdeth a course directlie toward the southeast by Wallaseie and

Poton, and so leaueth all the north part beyond that water a

peninsula, the same being three square, inuironed on two sides with

the Ocean, & on the third with the aforesaid brooke, whose course is

well néere three miles except I be deceiued. Fr[=o] hence entring

further into the hauen, we find another fall betwéene Bebington and

Brombro chappell, descending from the hilles, which are seene to lie

not farre from the shore, and thence crossing the fall of the Beston

[Sidenote: Wiuer.]

water, we come next of all vnto the Wiuer, than the which I read of no

riuer in England that fetcheth more or halfe so many windlesses and

crinklings, before it come at the sea. It riseth at Buckle hilles,

which lie betwéene Ridleie and Buckle townes, and soone after making a

lake of a mile & more in length called Ridleie poole, it runneth by

Ridleie to Chalmondlie.

Thence it goeth to Wrenburie, where it taketh in a water out of a

[Sidenote: Combrus.]

moore that commeth from Marburie: and beneth Sandford bridge the

Combrus from Combermer or Comber lake: and finallie the third that

commeth from about Moneton, and runneth by Langerslaw, then betweene

Shenton and Atherlie parkes, and so into the Wiuer, which watereth all

the west part of England, and is no lesse notable than the fift Auon

or third Ouze, whereof I haue spoken alreadie. After these confluences

it hasteth also to Audlem, Hawklow, and at Barderton crosseth the

[Sidenote: Betleie.]

Betleie water, that runneth by Duddington, Widdenberie, and so by

Barderton into the aforesaid streame. Thence it goeth to Nantwich, but

yer it come at Marchford bridge, it meeteth with a rill called

[Sidenote: Salop.]

Salopbrooke (as I gesse) comming from Caluerleie ward, and likewise

[Sidenote: Lée and Wuluarne.]

beneath the said bridge, with the Lée and the Wuluarne both in one

chanell, wherof the first riseth at Weston, the ether goeth by

Copnall. From hence the Wiuer runneth on to Minchion and Cardeswijc,

[Sidenote: Ashe.]

and the next water that falleth into it is the Ashe (which passeth by

Darnall Grange) and afterward going to Warke, the vale Roiall, and

[Sidenote: Dane.]

Eaton, it commeth finallie to Northwich where it receiueth the Dane,

to be described as followeth. The Dane riseth in the verie edges of

Chester, Darbishire, & Staffordshire, and comming by Warneford,

Swithamleie and Bosleie, is a limit betwéene Stafford and Darbie

shires, almost euen from the verie head, which is in Maxwell forrest.

[Sidenote: Bidle.]

It is not long also yer it doo méet with the Bidle water, that commeth

by Congerton, and after the confluence goeth vnto Swetham, the

Heremitage, Cotton and Croxton, there taking in two great waters,

[Sidenote: Whelocke.]

whereof the one is called Whelocke, which comming from the edge of the

countie by Morton to Sandbach, crosseth another that descended from

church Cawlhton, and after the confluence goeth to Warmingham, ioining

also beneath Midlewish with the Croco or Croxston, the second great

water, whose head commeth out of a lake aboue Bruerton (as I heare)

[Sidenote: Croco.]

and thence both the Whelocke and the Croco go as one vnto the Dane, at

Croxton, as the Dane dooth from thence to Bostocke, Dauenham,

Shebruch, Shurlach, and at Northwich into the foresaid Wiuer. After

this confluence the Wiuer runneth on to Barneton, and there in like

sort receiueth two brookes in one chanell, whereof one commeth from

aboue Allostocke, by Holme & Lastocke, the other from beyond Birtles

[Sidenote: Piuereie.]

mill, by Chelford (where it taketh in a rill called Piuereie) thence

[Sidenote: Waterlesse.]

to ouer Peuer, Holford, and there crossing the Waterlesse brooke

(growing of two becks and ioining at nether Tableie) it goeth foorth

to Winshambridge, and then méeting with the other, after this

confluence they procéed till they come almost at Barneton, where the

said chanell ioineth with a pretie water running thorough two lakes,

whereof the greatest lieth betwéene Comberbach, Rudworth and Marburie.

But to go forward with the course of the maine riuer. After these

confluences our Wiuer goeth to Warham, Actonbridge, and Dutton, ouer

against which towne, on the other side it méeteth with a rill, comming

from Cuddington: also the second going by Norleie, and Gritton,

finallie the third soone after from Kimsleie, and then procéedeth on

in his passage by Asheton chappell, Frodesham, Rockesauage, and so

into the sea: and this is all that I doo find of the Wiuer, whose

influences might haue beene more largelie set downe, if mine

iniunctions had béene amplie deliuered, yet this I hope may suffice

for his description, and knowledge of his course.

[Sidenote: Merseie.]

The Merseie riseth among the Peke hils, and from thence going downe to

the Woodhouse, and taking sundrie rilles withall by the waie, it

becommeth the confines betwéene Chester and Darbishires. Going also

toward Goitehall, it méeteth with a faire brooke increased by sundrie

[Sidenote: Goite.]

waters called Goite, whereof I find this short and briefe description.

The Goite riseth not far from the Shire méere hill (wherein the Doue

and the Dane haue their originall) that parteth Darbishire and

Chestershire in sunder, and thence commeth downe to Goite houses,

[Sidenote: Frith.]

Ouerton, Taxhall, Shawcrosse, and at Weibridge taketh in the Frith,

[Sidenote: Set.]

and beneath Berdhall, the Set that riseth aboue Thersethall and

runneth by Ouerset. After this confluence also the Merseie goeth to

[Sidenote: Tame.]

Goite hall, & at Stockford or Stopford towne méeteth with the Tame,

which diuideth Chestershire and Lancastershire in sunder, and whose

head is in the verie edge of Yorkeshire, from whence it goeth

southward to Sadleworth Firth, then to Mukelhirst, Stalie hall, Ashdon

Vnderline, Dunkenfield, Denton, Reddish, and so at Stockford into the

Merseie streame, which passeth foorth in like sort to Diddesbirie,

receiuing a brooke by the waie that commeth from Lime parke, by

Brumhall parke and Chedle.

[Sidenote: Irwell.]

From Diddesbirie it procéedeth to Norden, Ashton, Aiston, Flixston,

where it receiueth the Irwell a notable water, and therefore his

description is not to be omitted before I doo go forward anie further

with the Merseie, although it be not nauigable by reason of sundrie

rockes and shalowes that lie dispersed in the same. It riseth aboue

Bacop, and goeth thence to Rosendale, and in the waie to Aitenfield it

taketh in a water from Haselden. After this confluence it goeth to

[Sidenote: Ræus, or Rache.]

Newhall, Brandlesham, Brurie, and aboue Ratcliffe ioineth with the

[Sidenote: Leland speaketh of the Corue water about

Manchester; but I know nothing of his course.]

Rache water, a faire streame and to be described when I haue finished

the Irwell, as also the next vnto it beneath Ratcliffe, bicause I

would not haue so manie ends at once in hand wherewith to trouble my

readers. Being therfore past these two, our Irwell goeth on to

Clifton, Hollond, Edgecroft, Strengwaies, and to Manchester, where it

[Sidenote: Yrke.]

vniteth it selfe with the Yrke, that runneth thereinto by Roiton

Midleton, Heaton hill, and Blackeleie. Beneath Manchester also it

[Sidenote: Medlockte.]

méeteth with the Medlocke that commeth thither from the northeast side

of Oldham, and betwéene, Claiton and Garret Halles, and so betwéene

two parkes, falling into it about Holne. Thence our Irwell going

forward to Woodsall, Whicleswijc, Ecles, Barton, and Deuelhom, it

falleth néere vnto Flixton, into the water of Merseie, where I will

staie a while withall, till I haue brought the other vnto some passe,

of which I spake before.

[Sidenote: Rache.]

The Rache, Rech or Rish consisteth of sundrie waters, whereof ech one

in maner hath a proper name, but the greatest of all is Rache it

selfe, which riseth among the blacke stonie hils, from whence it goeth

[Sidenote: Beile.]

to Littlebrough, and being past Clegge, receiueth the Beile, that

commeth thither by Milneraw chappell. After this confluence also, it

[Sidenote: Sprotton.]

méeteth with a rill néere vnto Rachedale, and soone after with the

[Sidenote: Sudleie.]

Sprotton water, and then the Sudleie brooke, whereby his chanell is

not a little increased, which goeth from thence to Grisehirst and so

[Sidenote: Bradsha.]

into the Irwell, before it come at Ratcliffe. The second streame is

called Bradsha. It riseth of two heds, aboue Tureton church, whence it

[Sidenote: Walmesleie.]

runneth to Bradsha, and yer long taking in the Walmesleie becke, they

go in one chanell till they come beneath Bolton in the More. From

hence (receiuing a water that commeth from the roots of Rauenpike hill

by the way) it goeth by Deane and Bolton in the More, and so into

Bradsha water, which taketh his waie to Leuermore, Farnworth,

Leuerlesse, and finallie into the Irwell, which I before described,

and whereof I find these two verses to be added at the last:

Irke, Irwell, Medlocke, and Tame,

When they meet with the Merseie, do loose their name.

Now therefore to resume our Merseie, you shall vnderstand that after

his confluence with the Irwell, he runneth to Partington, and not

[Sidenote: Gles.]

farre from thence interteineth the Gles, or Glesbrooke water,

increased with sundrie armes, wherof one commeth from Lodward, another

from aboue Houghton, the third from Hulton parke, and the fourth from

Shakerleie: and being all vnited néere vnto Leigh, the confluence

goeth to Holcroft, and aboue Holling gréene into the swift Merseie.

After this increase the said streame in like sort runneth to Rigston,

[Sidenote: Bollein brooke.]

& there admitteth the Bollein or Bolling brooke water into his

societie, which rising néere the Chamber in Maxwell forrest goeth to

Ridge, Sutton, Bollington, Prestbirie, and Newton, where it taketh in

a water comming from about Pot Chappell, which runneth from thence by

Adlington, Woodford, Wimesleie, Ringeie, and Ashleie, there receiuing

[Sidenote: Birkin.]

the Birkin brooke that commeth from betwéene Allerton and Marchall, by

[Sidenote: Mar.]

Mawberleie, and soone after the Marus or Mar, that commeth thereinto

from Mar towne, by Rawstorne, and after these confluences goeth on to

Downham, and ouer against Rixton beneath Crosford bridge into the

Merseie water, which procéeding on, admitteth not another that méeteth

with all néere Lim before it go to Thelwall. Thence also it goeth by

Bruche and so to Warrington, a little beneath crossing a brooke that

commeth from Par by Browseie, Bradleie, and Saukeie on the one side,

and another on the other that commeth thither from Gropenhall, and

with these it runneth on to nether Walton, Acton grange, and so to

[Sidenote: Bold.]

[Sidenote: Grundich.]

Penkith, where it interteineth the Bold, and soone after the Grundich

water on the other side, that passeth by Preston, and Daresbirie.

Finallie our Merseie going by Moulton, it falleth into Lirepoole, or

as it was called of old Liuerpoole hauen, when it is past Runcorne.

And thus much of the Merseie, comparable vnto the Wiuer, and of no

lesse fame than most riuers of this Iland.

[Sidenote: Tarbocke.]

Being past these two, we come next of all to the Tarbocke water, that

falleth into the sea at Harbocke, without finding anie mo till we be

past all Wirall, out of Lirepoole hauen, and from the blacke rockes

that lie vpon the north point of the aforesaid Iland. Then come we to

[Sidenote: Alt or Ast.]

the Altmouth, whose fresh rising not far into the land, commeth to

Feston, and soone after receiuing another on the right hand, that

passeth into it by Aughton, it is increased no more before it come at

the sea. Neither find I anie other falles till I méet with the mouth

[Sidenote: Duglesse or Dulesse.]

of the Yarrow and Duglesse, which haue their recourse to the sea in

one chanell as I take it. The Duglesse commeth from by west of

Rauenspike hill, and yer long runneth by Andertonford to Worthington,

and so (taking in two or thrée rilles by the waie) to Wigen, where it

receiueth two waters in one chanell, of which one commeth in south

from Brin parke, the other from northeast. Being past this, it

receiueth one on the north side from Standish, and another by south

from Hollond, and then goeth on toward Rufford chappell taking the

[sidenote: Taud or Skelmere.]

Taud withall, that descendeth from aboue Skelmersdale towne, and goeth

through Lathan parke, belonging (as I heare) vnto the earle of Derbie.

[Sidenote: Merton.]

It méeteth also on the same side, with Merton méere water, in which

méere is one Iland called Netholme beside other, and when it is past

the hanging bridge, it is not long yer it fall into the Yarrow.

[Sidenote: Yarrow.]

[Sidenote: Bagen.]

The Yarrow riseth of two heads, whereof the second is called Bagen

brooke, and making a confluence beneath Helbie wood, it goeth on to

Burgh, Eglestan, Crofton, and then ioineth next of all with the

Dugglesse, after which confluence, the maine streame goeth foorth to

Bankehall, Charleton, How, Hesket, and so into the sea. Leland writing

of the Yarrow, saith thus of the same, so fare as I now remember. Into

the Dugglesse also runneth the Yarrow, which commeth within a mile or

thereabout of Chorleton towne, that parteth Lelandshire from

Derbieshire. Vnder the foot of Chorle also I find a rill named Ceorle,

and about a mile and a halfe from thence a notable quarreie of stones,

whereof the inhabitants doo make a great boast and price. And hitherto

to Leland.

[Sidenote: Ribble.]

The Ribble, a riuer verie rich of salmon, and lampreie, dooth in

manner inuiron Preston in Andernesse, and it riseth neere to

Kibbesdale aboue Gisborne, from whence it goeth to Sawleie or Salleie,

[Sidenote: Odder.]

Chathburne, Woodington, Clithero castell, and beneath Mitton méeteth

the Odder at north west, which riseth not farre from the crosse of

Gréet in Yorkeshire, and going thence to Shilburne, Newton, Radholme

parke, and Stonie hirst, it falleth yer long into the Ribble water.

[Sidenote: Calder.]

From hence the Ribble water hath not gone farre, but it méeteth with

the Calder from southeast. This brooke riseth aboue Holme church in

Yorkeshire, which lieth by east of Lancastershire, and going by

Towleie and Burneleie, where it receiueth a trifling rill, thence to

Higham, and yer long crossing one water that commeth from Wicoler by

[Sidenote: Pidle.]

Colne, and another by and by named Pidle brooke, that runneth by New

church in the Pidle, it méeteth with the Calder, which passeth foorth

to Paniam; and thence receiuing a becke on the other side, it runneth

[Sidenote: Henburne.]

on to Altham, and so to Martholme, where the Henburne brooke dooth

ioine withall, that goeth by Akington chappell, Dunkinhalgh, Rishton,

and so into the Calder, as I haue said before. The Calder therefore

being thus inlarged, runneth foorth to Reade, where maister Nowell

dwelleth, to Whallie, and soone after into Ribble, that goeth from

this confluence to Salisburie hall, Ribchester, Osbastin, Samburie,

[Sidenote: Darwent.]

Keuerden, Law, Ribbles bridge, & then taketh in the Darwent, before it

goeth by Pontwarth or Pentwarth into the maine sea. The Darwent

diuideth Lelandshire from Andernesse, and it riseth by east aboue

Darwent chappell; and soone after vniting it selfe with the

[Sidenote: Blackeburne.]

[Sidenote: Rodlesworth.]

Blackeburne, and Rodlesworth water, it goeth through Houghton parke,

by Houghton towne, to Walton hall, and so into the Ribble. As for

[Sidenote: Sannocke.]

the Sannocke brooke, it riseth somewhat aboue Longridge chappell,

goeth to Broughton towne, Cotham, Lée hall, and so into Ribble. And

here is all that I haue to saie of this riuer.

[Sidenote: Wire.]

The Wire riseth eight or ten miles from Garstan, out of an hill in

Wiresdale forrest, from whence it runneth by Shireshed chappell, and

then going by Wadland, or Waddiler, Grenelaw castell (which belongeth

to the erle of Darbie) Garstan, and Kirkland hall, it first receiueth

[Sidenote: Calder. 2.]

the second Calder, that commeth downe by Edmerseie chappell, then

another chanell increased with sundrie waters, which I will here

describe before I procéed anie further with the Wire. I suppose that

[Sidenote: Plimpton.]

the first water is called Plimpton brooke, it riseth south of Gosner,

[Sidenote: Barton.]

and commeth by Cawford hall, and yer long receiuing the Barton becke,

[Sidenote: Brooke.]

it procéedeth forward till it ioineth with the Brooke rill that

commeth from Bowland forrest, by Claughton hall, where master

Brookehales dooth lie, & so through Mersco forrest. After this

confluence the Plime or Plimpton water méeteth with the Calder, and

then with the Wire, which passeth foorth to Michaell church, and the

[Sidenote: Skipton.]

Raw cliffes, and aboue Thorneton crosseth the Skipton that goeth by

Potton, then into the Wire rode, and finallie through the sands into

the sea, according to his nature. When we were past the fall of the

[Sidenote: Coker.]

Wire, we coasted vp by the salt cotes, to Coker mouth, whose head,

though it be in Weresdale forrest, not far from that of the Wire, yet

[Sidenote: Cowdar.]

the shortnesse of course deserueth no description. The next is Cowdar,

which is comming out of Wire dale, as I take it, is not increased with

anie other waters more than Coker, and therefore I will rid my hands

thereof so much the sooner.

[Sidenote: Lune.]

Being past these two, I came to a notable riuer called the Lune or

Loine, or (as the booke of statutes hath) Lonwire Anno 13 Ric. 2. cap.

19, and giueth name to Lancaster, Lonecaster, or Lunecaster, where

much Romane monie is found, and that of diuerse stamps, whose course

dooth rest to be described as followeth; and whereof I haue two

descriptions. The first being set downe by Leland, as master Moore of

Catharine hall in Cambridge deliuered it vnto him. The next I exhibit

as it was giuen vnto me, by one that hath taken paines (as he saith)

to search out and view the same, but verie latelie to speake of. The

Lune (saith master Moore) of some commonlie called the Loine, riseth

at Crosseho, in Dent dale, in the edge of Richmondshire out of thrée

heads. North also from Dent dale is Garsdale, an vplandish towne,

wherein are séene manie times great store of red déere that come downe

to feed from the mounteins into the vallies, and thereby runneth a

water, which afterward commeth to Sebbar vale, where likewise is a

brooke méeting with Garsdale water, so that a little lower they go as

one into Dent dale becke, which is the riuer that afterward is called

Lune, or Lane, as I haue verie often noted it. Beside these waters

also before mentioned, it receiueth at the foot of Sebbar vale, a

great brooke, which commeth out of the Worth, betwéene Westmerland and

Richmondshire, which taking with him the aforesaid chanels, dooth run

seauen miles yer it come to Dent dale foot. From hence it entreth into

Lansdale, corruptlie so called, peraduenture for Lunesdale, & runneth

therein eight or nine miles southward, and in this dale is Kirbie.

Hitherto master Moore, as Leland hath exemplified that parcell of his

[Sidenote: Burbecke.]

letters. But mine other note writeth hereof in this manner. Burbecke

water riseth at Wustall head, by west, and going by Wustall foot to

[Sidenote: Breder.]

Skaleg, it admitteth the Breder that descendeth thither from Breder

dale. From hence our Burbecke goeth to Breder dale foot, & so to

Tibarie, where it méeteth with foure rilles in one bottome, of which

one commeth from besides Orton, another from betwéene Rasebecke and

Sunbiggin, the third and fourth from each side of Langdale: and after

the generall confluence made, goeth toward Roundswath, aboue which

[Sidenote: Barrow.]

it vniteth it selfe with the Barrow. Thence it runneth to Howgill,

Delaker, Firrebanke, and Killington, beneath which it meeteth with a

[Sidenote: Dent.]

water comming from the Moruill hilles, and afterward crossing the Dent

brooke, that runneth thither from Dent towne, beneath Sebbar, they

continue their course as one into the Burbecke, from whence it is

called Lune. From hence it goeth to Burbon chappell, where it taketh

in another rill comming from by east, then to Kirbie, Lansbele, and

aboue Whittenton crosseth a brooke comming from the countie stone by

[Sidenote: Greteie.]

Burros, and soone after beneath Tunstall and Greteie, which descending

from about Ingelborow hill, passeth by Twiselton, Ingleton, Thorneton,

Burton, Wratton, and néere Thurland castell, toucheth finallie with

the Lune, which brancheth, and soone after vniteth it selfe againe.

[Sidenote: Wennie.]

After this also it goeth on toward New parke, and receiueth the

[Sidenote: Hinburne.]

Wennie, and the Hinburne both in one chanell, of which this riseth

north of the crosse of Greteie, and going by Benthams and Roberts

[Sidenote: Rheburne.]

hill, aboue Wraie taketh in the Rheburne that riseth north of

Wulfecrag. After this confluence also aboue New parke, it maketh his

gate by Aughton, Laughton, Skirton, Lancaster, Excliffe, Awcliffe,

Soddaie, Orton, and so into the sea. Thus haue you both the

descriptions of Lune, make your conference or election at your

pleasure, for I am sworne to neither of them both.

[Sidenote: Docker.]

The next fall is called Docker, and peraduenture the same that Leland

[Sidenote: Kerie.]

dooth call the Kerie, which is not farre from Wharton, where the rich

Kitson was borne, it riseth north of Docker towne, and going by

Barwijc hall, it is not increased before it come at the sea, where it

falleth into the Lune water at Lunesands. Next of all we come to

Bitham beck, which riseth not far from Bitham towne and parke, in the

hilles, where about are great numbers of goates kept and mainteined,

and by all likelihood resorteth in the end to Linsands.

Being past this, we find a forked arme of the sea called Kensands:

into the first of which diuerse waters doo run in one chanell, as it

were from foure principall heads, one of them comming from Grarrig

hall, another fr[=o] by west of Whinfield, & ioining with the first on

[Sidenote: Sprota.]

the east side of Skelmere parke. The third called Sprot or Sprota

riseth at Sloddale, & commeth downe by west of Skelmer parke, so that

these two brookes haue the aforesaid parke betwéene them, & fall into

the fourth east of Barneside, not verie farre in sunder. The fourth or

[Sidenote: Ken.]

last called Ken, commeth from Kentmers side, out of Ken moore, in a

poole of a mile compasse, verie well stored with fish, the head

whereof, as of all the baronie of Kendall is in Westmerland, & going

to Stauelope, it taketh in a rill from Chappleton Inges. Then leauing

Colnehead parke by east, it passeth by Barneside, to Kendall, Helston,

Sigath, Siggeswijc, Leuenbridge, Milnethorpe, and so into the sea.

Certes this Ken is a pretie déepe riuer, and yet not safelie to be

aduentured vpon, with boates and balingers, by reason of rolling

stones, & other huge substances that oft annoie & trouble the middest

of the chanell there. The other péece of the forked arme, is called

[Sidenote: Winstar.]

Winstar, the hed wherof is aboue Winstar chappell, & going downe

almost by Carpmaunsell, & Netherslake, it is not long yer it fall into

the sea, or sands, for all this coast, & a gulfe from the Ramside

point to the Mealenasse, is so pestered with sands, that it is almost

incredible to sée how they increase. Those also which inuiron the

Kenmouth, are named Kensands: but such as receiue the descent from the

Fosse, Winander, and Sparke, are called Leuesands, as I find by

sufficient testimonie. The mouth or fall of the Dodon also is not

farre from this impechment: wherefore it is to be thought, that these

issues will yer long become verie noisome, if not choked vp

[Sidenote: Winander.]

altogither. The Winander water riseth about Cunbalrasestones, from

whence it goeth to Cangridge, where it maketh a méere: then to

Ambleside, and taking in yer it come there, two rilles on the left

hand, and one on the right that commeth by Clapergate, it maketh (as I

take it) the greatest méere, or fresh water in England; for I read it

is ten miles in length. Finallie, comming to one small chanell aboue

Newbridge, it reacheth not aboue six miles yer it fall into the sea.

[Sidenote: Fosse.]

There is in like sort a water, called the Fosse that riseth néere vnto

Arneside, and Tillerthwates, and goeth foorth by Grisdale,

Satrethwate, Rusland, Powbridge, Bowth, and so falleth with the

Winander water into the maine sea. On the west side of the Fosse also

commeth another through Furnesse felles, and from the hilles by north

thereof, which yer long making the Thurstan lake not far from

Hollinhow, and going by Bridge end, in a narrow channell, passeth

[Sidenote: Sparke.]

foorth by Nibthwaits, Blareth, Cowlton, & Sparke bridge, and so into

the sea. Hauing passed the Leuen or Conisands, or Conistonesands, or

[Sidenote: Lew.]

Winander fall (for all is one) I come to the Lew, which riseth at

[Sidenote: Rawther.]

Cewike chappell, and falleth into the sea beside Plumpton. The Rawther

descending out of low Furnesse, hath two heads, whereof one commeth

from Penniton, the other by Vlmerstone abbeie, and ioining both in one

chanell, they hasten into the sea, whither all waters direct their

voiage. Then come we to another rill southwest of Aldingham,

descending by Glaiston castell; and likewise the fourth that riseth

néere Lindell, and running by Dawlton castell and Furnesse abbeie, not

farre from the Barrow head, it falleth into the sea ouer against

Waueie and Waueie chappell, except mine aduertisements misleade me.

[Sidenote: Dodon.]

The Dodon, which from the head is bound vnto Cumberland and

Westmerland, commeth from the Shire stone hill bottome, and going by

Blackehill, Southwake, S. Iohns, Vffaie parke, & Broughton, it falleth

into the orltwater, betwéene Kirbie, and Mallum castell. And thus are

we now come vnto the Rauenglasse point, and well entred into the

Cumberland countie.

Comming to Rauenglasse, I find hard by the towne a water comming from

two heads, and both of them in lakes or pooles, whereof one issueth

[Sidenote: Denocke.]

out of Denocke or Deuenocke méere, and is called Denocke water, the

[Sidenote: Eske.]

other named Eske from Eske poole which runneth by Eskedale, Dalegarth,

and soone after meeting with the Denocke, betwéene Mawburthwate and

Rauenglasse, falleth into the sea. On the other side of Rauenglasse

[Sidenote: Mite.]

also commeth the Mite brooke, from Miterdale as I read. Then find we

another which commeth from the hils, and at the first is forked, but

soone after making a lake, they gather againe into a smaller chanell:

[Sidenote: Brenge.]

finallie meeting with the Brenge, they fall into the sea at Carleton

[Sidenote: Cander.]

southeast, as I wéene of Drig. The Cander, or (as Leland nameth it)

the Calder, commeth out of Copeland forrest, by Cander, Sellefield,

and so into the sea. Then come we to Euer water, descending out of a

poole aboue Coswaldhow, and thence going by Euerdale, it crosseth a

water from Arladon, and after procéedeth to Egremond, S. Iohns, and

taking in another rill from Hide, it is not long yer it méeteth with

the sea.

The next fall is at Moresbie, whereof I haue no skill. From thence

therefore we cast about by saint Bees to Derwentset hauen, whose water

[Sidenote: Dargwent.]

is truelie written Dargwent or Deruent. It riseth in the hils about

Borrodale, from whence it goeth vnto the Grange, thence into a lake,

in which are certeine Ilands, and so vnto Keswijc, where it falleth

[Sidenote: Burthméere.]

into the Bure, whereof the said lake is called Bursemere, or the

Burthmere poole. In like sort the Bure or Burthmere water, rising

among the hils goeth to Tegburthesworth, Forneside, S. Iohns, and

[Sidenote: Grise.]

Threlcote: and there méeting with a water from Grisdale, by

Wakethwate, called Grise, it runneth to Burnesse, Keswijc, and there

receiueth the Darwent. From Keswijc in like sort it goeth to

Thorneswate (and there making a plash) to Armanswate, Isell, Huthwate

[Sidenote: Cokar.]

and Cokermouth, and here it receiueth the Cokar, which rising among

the hils commeth by Lowsewater, Brakenthwate, Lorton, and so to

Cokarmouth towne, from whence it hasteth to Bridgeham, and receiuing a

rill called the Wire, on the south side that runneth by Dein, it

leaueth Samburne and Wirketon behind it, and entereth into the sea.

[Sidenote: Wire.]

Leland saith that the Wire is a créeke where ships lie off at rode,

and that Wirketon or Wirkington towne dooth take his name thereof. He

addeth also that there is iron and coles, beside lead ore in Wiredale.

Neuerthelesse the water of this riuer is for the most part sore

troubled, as comming thorough a suddie or soddie more, so that little

[Sidenote: Elmus.]

good fish is said to liue therein. But to proceed. The Elme riseth in

the mines aboue Amautrée, and from Amautre goeth to Yeresbie, Harbie,

Brow, and there taking in a rill on the left hand comming by

Torpennie, it goeth to Hatton castell, Alwarbie, Birthie, Dereham, and

so into the sea. Thence we go about by the chappell at the point, and

come to a baie serued with two fresh waters, whereof one rising

westward goeth by Warton, Rabbie, Cotes, and so into the maine, taking

[Sidenote: Croco.]

in a rill withall from by south, called Croco, that commeth from

[Sidenote: Vamus.]

Crockdale, by Bromefield. The second is named Wampoole broocke, & this

riseth of two heads, whereof one is about Cardew. Thence in like sort

it goeth to Thuresbie, Croston, Owton, Gamlesbie, Wampall, the Larth,

and betwéene Whiteridge and Kirbie into the saltwater. From hence we

double the Bowlnesse, and come to an estuarie, whither thrée notable

riuers doo resort, and this is named the Solueie mouth. But of all,

the first excéedeth, which is called Eden, and whose description dooth

follow here at hand.

[Sidenote: Eden.]

The Eden well fraught with samon, descendeth (as I heare) from the

hils in Athelstane moore at the foot of Hussiat Moruell hil, where

Swale also riseth, and southeast of Mallerstang forrest. From thence

in like maner it goeth to Mallerstang towne, Pendragon castell,

Wharton hall, Netbie, Hartleie castell, Kirkebie Stephan, and yer it

come at great Musgrane, it receiueth thrée waters, whereof one is

[Sidenote: Helbecke.]

called Helbecke, bicause it commeth from the Derne and Elinge

mounteins by a towne of the same denomination. The other is named

[Sidenote: Bellow.]

Bellow, and descendeth from the east mounteins by Sowarsbie, & these

two on the northeast: the third falleth from Rauenstandale, by

Newbiggin, Smardale, Soulbie, Blaterne, and so into Eden, that goeth

[Sidenote: Orne.]

from thence by Warcop; and taking in the Orne about Burelles on the

[Sidenote: Moreton.]

one side, and the Morton becke on the other, it hasteth to Applebie,

[Sidenote: Dribecke.]

thence to Cowlbie, where it crosseth the Dribecke, thence to Bolton,

[Sidenote: Trowt becke.]

and Kirbie, and there méeting with the Trowt becke, and beneath the

[Sidenote: Liuenet.]

same with the Liuenet (whereinto falleth an other water from Thurenlie

méeting withall beneath Clebron) it runneth finallie into Eden. After

the confluences also the Eden passeth to Temple, and soone after

meeting with the Milburne and Blincorne waters, in one chanell, it

runneth to Winderwarth and Hornebie, where we will staie till I haue

described the water that meeteth withall néere the aforesaid place

[Sidenote: Vlse.]

called the Vlse.

This water commeth out of a lake, which is fed with six rils, whereof

[Sidenote: Marke.]

one is called the Marke, and néere the fall thereof into the plash is

[Sidenote: Harteshop.]

a towne of the same name; the second hight Harteshop, & runneth from

[Sidenote: Paterdale.]

Harteshop hall by Depedale; the third is Paterdale rill; the fourth

[Sidenote: Roden.]

[Sidenote: Glenkguin.]

Glent Roden, the fift Glenkguin, but the sixt runneth into the said

lake, south of Towthwate. Afterward when this lake commeth toward Pole

towne, it runneth into a small chanell, & going by Barton, Dalumaine,

it taketh in a rill by the waie from Daker castell. Thence it goeth to

Stockebridge, Yoneworth, and soone after méeteth with a pretie brooke

[Sidenote: Loder.]

called Loder, comming from Thornethwate by Bauton, and héere a rill;

then by Helton, and there another; thence to Askham, Clifton, and so

ioining with the other called Vlse, they go to Brougham castell, Nine

churches, Hornebie, and so into Eden, taking in a rill (as it goeth)

that commeth downe from Pencath. Being past Hornebie, our Eden runneth

to Langunbie, and soone after receiuing a rill that commeth from two

heads, and ioining beneath Wingsell, it hasteth to Lasenbie, then to

Kirke Oswald (on ech side whereof commeth in a rill from by east)

thence to Nonneie, and there a rill, Anstable, Cotehill, Corbie

castell, Wetherall, Newbie: where I will staie, till I haue described

the Irding, and such waters as fall into the same before I go to

Carleill.

[Sidenote: Irding.]

The Irding ariseth in a moore in the borders of Tindale, néere vnto

[Sidenote: Terne.]

Horsse head crag, where it is called Terne becke; vntill it come to

Spicrag hill, that diuideth Northumberland and Gillesland in sunder,

from whence it is named Irding. Being therfore come to Ouerhall, it

[Sidenote: Pultrose.]

receiueth the Pultrose becke, by east, and thence goeth on to

Ouerdenton, Netherdenton, Leuercost, and Castelstead, where it taketh

[Sidenote: Cambocke.]

in the Cambocke, that runneth by Kirke Cambocke, Askerton castell,

Walton, and so into Irding, which goeth from thence to Irdington,

Newbie, & so into Eden. But a little before it come there, it crosseth

[Sidenote: Gillie.]

with the Gillie that commeth by Tankin, and soone after falleth into

it. After these confluences, our Eden goeth to Linstocke castell, (and

here it interteineth a brooke, comming from Cotehill ward by

Aglionbie) and then vnto Carleill, which is now almost inuironed with

foure waters.

[Sidenote: Pedar aliàs Logus.]

For beside the Eden it receiueth the Peder, which Leland calleth Logus

from southeast. This Peder riseth in the hils southwest of

Penruddocke, from whence it goeth to Penruddocke, then to Grastocke

castell, Cateleie, and Kenderside hall, and then taking in a water

from Vnthanke, it goeth to Cathwade, Pettrelwaie, Newbiggin, Carleton,

and so into Eden, northeast of Carleill. But on the north side the

[Sidenote: Bruferth.]

Bruferth brooke dooth swiftlie make his entrance, running by

Leuerdale, Scalbie castell, and Housedon; as I am informed. The third

is named Candan (if not Deua after Leland) which rising about the

Skidlow hils, runneth to Mosedale, Caldbecke, Warnell, Saberham, Rose

castell, Dawston, Brounston, Harrington, and west of Carleill falleth

into Eden, which going from thence by Grimsdale, Kirke Andros,

Beaumont, falleth into the sea beneath the Rowcliffe castell. And thus

much of the Eden, which Leland neuerthelesse describeth after another

sort, whose words I will not let to set downe here in this place, as I

find them in his commentaries.

[Sidenote: Vlse after Leland.]

The Eden, after it hath run a pretie space from his head, méeteth in

time with the Vlse water, which is a great brooke in Westmerland, and

[Sidenote: Loder.]

rising aboue Maredale, a mile west of Loder, it commeth by the late

dissolued house of Shappe priorie, thrée miles from Shappe, and by

Brampton village into Loder or Lodon. Certes this streame within halfe

a mile of the head, becommeth a great lake for two miles course, and

afterward waxing narrow againe, it runneth foorth in a meane and

[Sidenote: Aimote.]

indifferent bottome. The said Eden in like sort receiueth the Aimote

about thrée miles beneath Brougham castell, and into the same Aimote

[Sidenote: Dacor.]

falleth Dacor becke (alreadie touched) which riseth by northwest in

Materdale hils, foure miles aboue Dacor castell, and then going

through Dacor parke, it runneth by east a good mile lower into Eimote,

a little beneath Delamaine, which standeth on the left side of Dacor.

In one of his bookes also he saith, how Carleill standeth betwéene two

[Sidenote: Deua.]

streames, that is to saie the Deua, which commeth thither from by

southwest, and also the Logus that descendeth from the southeast. He

[Sidenote: Vala.]

addeth moreouer how the Deua in times past was named Vala or Bala, and

that of the names of these two, Lugibala for Caerleill hath beene

deriued, &c. And thus much out of Leland. But where he had the cause

of this his coniecture as yet I haue not read. Of this am I certeine,

that I vse the names of most riuers here and else-where described,

accordinglie as they are called in my time, although I omit not to

speake here and there of such as are more ancient, where iust occasion

mooueth me to remember them, for the better vnderstanding of our

histories, as they doo come to hand.

[Sidenote: Leuen.]

Blacke Leuen and white Leuen waters, fall into the sea in one chanell,

[Sidenote: Lamford.]

[Sidenote: Eske.]

and with them the Lamford and the Eske, the last confluence being not

a full mile from the maine sea. The white and blacke Leuen ioining

[Sidenote: Tomunt.]

therfore aboue Bucknesse, the confluence goeth to Bracken hill,

Kirkleuenton, and at Tomunt water meeteth with the Eske. In like sort

[Sidenote: Kirsop.]

[Sidenote: Lidde.]

the Kirsop ioining with the Lidde out of Scotland at Kirsop foot,

running by Stangerdike side, Harlow, Hathwater, and taking in the Eske

aboue the Mote, it looseth the former name, and is called Eske, vntill

it come to the sea.

Hauing thus gone thorough the riuers of England, now it resteth that

we procéed with those which are to be found vpon the Scotish shore, in

such order as we best may, vntill we haue fetched a compasse about the

same, and come vnto Barwike, whence afterward it shall be easie for vs

to make repaire vnto the Thames, from which we did set forward in the

beginning of our voiage. The first riuer that I met withall on the

[Sidenote: Eske.]

Scotish coast, is the Eske, after I came past the Solueie, which hath

his head in the Cheuiot hilles, runneth by Kirkinton, and falleth into

the sea at Borow on the sands. This Eske hauing receiued the Ewis

falleth into the Solueie first at Atterith. After this I passed ouer a

little créeke from Kirthell, and so to Anand, whereof the vallie

Anandale dooth séeme to take the name. There is also the Nide, whereof

commeth Nidsdale, the Ken, the Dée, the Crale, and the Bladnecke, and

all these (besides diuerse other small rilles of lesse name) doo lie

vpon the south of Gallowaie.

On the north side also we haue the Ruan, the Arde, the Cassile Dune,

the Burwin, the Cluide (wherevpon sometime stood the famous citie of

Alcluide, and whereinto runneth the Carath) the Hamell, the

Dourglesse, and the Lame. From hence in like maner we came vnto the

Leuind mouth, wherevnto the Blake on the southwest and the Lomund

Lake, with his fléeting Iles and fish without finnes (yet verie

holesome) dooth séeme to make his issue. This lake of Lomund in calme

weather ariseth sometimes so high, and swelleth with such terrible

billowes, that it causeth the best marriners of Scotland to abide the

leisure of this water, before they dare aduenture to hoise vp sailes

on hie. The like is seene in windie weather, but much more perillous.

There are certeine Iles also in the same, which mooue and remooue,

oftentimes by force of the water, but one of them especiallie, which

otherwise is verie fruitfull for pasturage of cattell.

[Sidenote: Leue. Long.]

[Sidenote: Goile. Heke.]

[Sidenote: Robinseie.]

[Sidenote: Forelan. Tarbat.]

[Sidenote: Lean.]

[Sidenote: Abir. Arke.]

[Sidenote: Zefe. Sell.]

[Sidenote: Zord. Owin.]

[Sidenote: Nowisse. Orne.]

[Sidenote: Lang. Drun.]

[Sidenote: Hew. Brun.]

[Sidenote: Kile. Dowr.]

[Sidenote: Faro. Nesse.]

Next vnto this is the Leue, the Rage, the Long, the Goile, & the Heke,

which for the excéeding greatnesse of their heads, are called lakes.

Then haue we the Robinseie, the Foreland, the Tarbat, the Lean, and

the Abir, wherevnto the Spanseie, the Loine, the Louth, the Arke, and

the Zefe doo fall, there is also the Sell, the Zord, the Owin, the

Newisse, the Orne, the Lang, the Drun, the Hew, the Brun, the Kell,

the Dowr, the Faro, the Nesse, the Herre, the Con, the Glasse, the

Maur, the Vrdall, the Fers (that commeth out of the Caldell) the

Fairsoke, which two latter lie a little by west of the Orchades, and

are properlie called riuers, bicause they issue onelie from springs;

but most of the other lakes, bicause they come from linnes and huge

[Sidenote: Herre. Con.]

[Sidenote: Glasse. Maur.]

[Sidenote: Vrdall. Fesse.]

[Sidenote: Calder. Wifle.]

[Sidenote: Browre. Clin.]

[Sidenote: Twin. Shin.]

[Sidenote: Sillan. Carew.]

[Sidenote: Nesse. Narding.]

[Sidenote: Spaie. Downe.]

[Sidenote: Dée. Eske.]

pooles, or such low bottomes, fed with springs, as séeme to haue no

accesse, but onelie recesse of waters, whereof there be manie in

Scotland.

But to proceed. Hauing once past Dungisbie head in Cathnesse, we shall

yer long come to the mouth of the Wifle, a prettie streame, comming by

south of the mounteins called the Maidens pappes. Then to the Browre,

the Clin, the Twin (whereinto runneth three riuers, the Shin, the

Sillan, and Carew) the Nesse, which beside the plentie of samon found

therein is neuer frosen, nor suffereth yee to remaine there, that is

cast into the poole. From thence we come vnto the Narding, the

Finderne, the Spaie (which receiues the Vine) the Fitch, the Bulich,

the Arrian, the Leuin, and the Bogh, from whence we saile vntill we

come about the Buquhan head, and so to the Downe, and Dee: which two

streames bring forth the greatest samons that are to be had in

Scotland, and most plentie of the same. Then to the north Eske,

whereinto the Esmond runneth aboue Brechin, the south Eske, then the

Louen and the Taw, which is the finest riuer for water that is in all

Scotland, and wherevnto most riuers and lakes doo run. As Farlake,

Yrth, Goure, Loich, Cannach, Linell, Loion, Irewer, Erne, and diuerse

other besides small rillets which I did neuer looke vpon.

Then is there the lake Londors, vpon whose mouth saint Andrewes dooth

stand, the lake Lewin vnto whose streame two other lakes haue recourse

in Fifland, and then the Firth or Fortha, which some doo call the

Pictish and Scotish sea, whither the kingdome of the Northumbers was

sometime extended, and with the riuer last mentioned (I meane that

commeth from Londors) includeth all Fife, the said Fortha being full

of oisters and all kinds of huge fish that vse to lie in the déepe.

How manie waters run into the Firth, called by Ptolomie Lora, it is

not in my power iustlie to declare: yet are there both riuers, rills,

[Sidenote: Clacke. Alon.]

[Sidenote: Dune. Kerie.]

[Sidenote: Cambell.]

[Sidenote: Cumer. Tere.]

[Sidenote: Man.]

[Sidenote: Torkesan.]

[Sidenote: Rosham.]

[Sidenote: Mushell. Blene.]

[Sidenote: Twede.]

& lakes that fall into the same, as Clacke, Alon, Dune, Kerie,

Cambell, Cumer, Tere, Man, Torkeson, Rosham, Mushell, Blene, and

diuerse other which I call by these names, partlie after information,

and partlie of such townes as are neere vnto their heads. Finallie,

when we are past the Haie, then are we come vnto the Twede, whereinto

we entred, leauing Barwike on the right hand and his appurtenances,

wherein Halidon hill standeth, and conteineth a triangle of so much

ground beyond the said riuer, as is well néere foure miles in length,

and thrée miles in bredth in the broad end: except mine information

doo faile me.

The Twede (which Ptolomie nameth Toualsis or Toesis, & betwéene which

and the Tine the countie of Northumberland is in maner inclosed, and

watred with sundrie noble riuers) is a noble streame and the limes or

bound betwéene England & Scotland, wherby those two kingdomes are now

diuided in sunder. It riseth about Drimlar in Eusbale (or rather out

of a faire well (as Leland saith) standing in the mosse of an hill

called Airstane, or Harestan in Twede dale ten miles from Pibble) and

so comming by Pibble, Lander, Dribiwgh, Lelse, Warke, Norham and

Hagarstone, it falleth into the sea beneath Barwike, as I heare. Thus

saith Leland. But I not contented with this so short a discourse of so

long a riuer & briefe description of so faire a streame, will ad

somewhat more of the same concerning his race on the English side, and

rehearsall of such riuers as fall into it. Comming therefore to Ridam,

it receiueth betwéene that and Carham a becke, which descendeth from

the hilles that lie by west of Windram. Going also from Ridam by

Longbridgham (on the Scotish side) and to Carham, it hasteth

immediatlie to Warke castell on the English, and by Spilaw on the

other side, then to Cornewall, Cald streame, and Tilmouth, where it

receiueth sundrie waters in one botome which is called the Till, and

whose description insueth here at hand.

[Sidenote: Till.]

Certes there is no head of anie riuer that is named Till, but the

issue of the furthest water that commeth hereinto, riseth not farre

from the head of Vswaie in the Cheuiot hilles, where it is called

Brennich, whereof the kingdome of Brennicia did sometime take the

name. From thence it goeth to Hartside, Ingram, Branton, Crawleie,

Hedgeleie, Beueleie, and Bewijc, beneath which it receiueth one water

comming from Rodham by west, and soone after a second descending from

[Sidenote: Bromis.]

the Middletons, and so they go as one with the Bromish, by Chatton to

Fowbreie (where they crosse the third water falling downe by north

from Howborne by Heselbridge) thence to Woller, there also taking in a

rill that riseth about Middleton hall, and runneth by Hardleie,

Whereleie, and the rest afore remembred, wherby the water of Bromis is

not a little increased, and after this latter confluence beneath

Woller, no more called Bromis but the Till, vntill it come at the

Twede. The Till passing therefore by Weteland and Dedington, méeteth

soone after with a faire streame comming from by southwest, which most

[Sidenote: Bowbent.]

men call the Bowbent or Bobent.

It riseth on the west side of the Cocklaw hill, and from thence

hasteth to Hattons, beneath the which it ioineth from by southeast

with the Hellerborne, and then goeth to Pudston, Downeham, Kilham, and

a little by north of Newton Kirke, and betweene it and west Newton, it

taketh in another water called Glin, comming from the Cheuiot hilles

by Heth poole, and from thenseforth runneth on without anie further

increase, by Copland Euart, and so in the Till. The Till for his part

in like sort after this confluence goeth to Broneridge, Fodcastell,

Eatall castell, Heaton, & north of Tilmouth into the Twede, or by west

of Wesell, except my memorie dooth faile me. After this also our

aforesaid water of Twede descendeth to Grotehugh, the Newbiggins,

[Sidenote: Whitaker.]

Norham castell, Foord, Lungridge, & crossing the Whitaker on the other

side from Scotland beneath Cawmill, it runneth to Ordo, to Barwike,

and so into the Ocean, leauing (as I said) so much English ground on

the northwest ripe, as lieth in manner of a triangle betwéene Cawmils,

Barwike, and Lammeton, which (as one noteth) is no more but two miles

and an halfe euerie waie, or not much more; except he be deceiued.

Being past this noble streame, we came by a rill that descendeth from

Bowsden by Barington. Then by the second which ariseth betwéene

Middleton and Detcham or Dereham, and runneth by Eskill and the Rosse,

next of all to Warnemouth, of whose backe water I read as followeth.

[Sidenote: Warne.]

The Warne or Gwerne riseth southwest of Crokelaw, and going by

Warneford, Bradford, Spindlestone, and Budill, it leaueth Newton on

the right hand, and so falleth into the Ocean, after it hath run

almost nine miles from the head within the land, and receiued a rill

beneath Yessington, which commeth downe betweene Newland and

Olchester, and hath a bridge beneath the confluence, which leadeth

ouer the same. From Warnemouth we sailed by Bamborow castell, and came

at last to a fall betweene Bedwell and Newton. The maine water that

serueth this issue, riseth aboue Carleton from the foot of an hill,

which séemeth to part the head of this and that of Warne in sunder. It

runneth also by Carleton, Tonleie, Doxford, Brunton, and Tuggell, and

finallie into the sea, as to his course apperteineth.

[Sidenote: Aile, or Alne, aliàs Chalne.]

From this water we went by Dunstanbugh castell, vnto the Chalne or

Alnemouth, which is serued with a pretie riueret called Alne, the head

whereof riseth in the hils west of Alnham towne, and called by

Ptolomie, Celnius. From thense also it runneth by Rile, Kile,

Eslington, and Whittingham, where it crosseth a rill comming from by

south, and beneath the same, the second that descendeth from Eirchild

at Brone, & likewise the third that riseth at Newton, and runneth by

Edlingham castell and Lemmaton (all on the southeast side or right

hand) and so passeth on further, till it meet with the fourth, comming

from aboue Shipleie from by north, after which confluence it goeth to

Alnewijc, & then to Dennijc, receiuing there a rillet from by south

and a rill from by north, and thence going on to Bilton, betweene

Ailmouth towne and Wooddon, it sweepeth into the Ocean.

[Sidenote: Cocket.]

The Cocket is a goodlie riuer, the head also thereof is in the roots

of Kemblespeth hils, from whence it goeth to Whiteside, and there

[Sidenote: Vswaie.]

meeting with the Vswaie (which descendeth from the north) it goeth a

[Sidenote: Ridleie.]

little further to Linbridge, and there receiueth the Ridleie by

southwest, and after that with another, called (as I thinke) the Hoc,

which commeth from the Woodland and hillie soile by Allington, &

falleth into the same, west of Parke head. It ioineth also yer long

with the Ridland, which commeth in north by Bilstone, and then hieth

[Sidenote: Yardop.]

to Sharpton, to Harbotle, where it crosseth the Yardop water by south,

then to Woodhouse, and swallowing in a little becke by the waie from

southwest, to Bickerton, to Tossons, Newton, and running apace toward

Whitton towre, it taketh a brooke withall that commeth in northwest of

Alnham, néere Elihaw, and goeth by Skarnewood, ouer nether Trewhet,

Snitter, and Throxton, and soone after vniteth it selfe with the

[Sidenote: It may be Leland mistaketh Tickington

water for one of these.]

Cocket, from whence they go together to Rethburie, or Whitton towre,

to Halie, to Brinkehorne, Welden, taking withall soone after the Tod

or burne called Tod, which falleth in from by south, then to Elihaw,

Felton (receiuing thereabout the Fareslie brooke, that goeth by

Wintring by south east, and Sheldike water, that goeth by Hason, to

Brainsaugh by north) and from thence to Morricke, Warkworth castell,

and so into the sea.

There is furthermore a little fall, betwéene Hawkeslaw and Drurith,

which riseth about Stokes wood, goeth by east Cheuington, and

[Sidenote: Lune.]

Whittington castell, and afterward into the Ocean. The Lune is a

pretie brooke rising west of Espleie, from whence it goeth to

[Sidenote: Wansbecke.]

Tritlington, Vgham, Linton, and yer long in the sea. Wansbecke (in old

time Diua) is far greater than the Lune. It issueth vp west and by

north of west Whelpington, thence it runneth to Kirke Whelpington,

Wallington, Middleton, and Angerton. Heere it méeteth with a water

running from about Farnelaw by the grange, and Hartburne on the north,

and then going from Angerton, it runneth by Moseden to Mitforth, and

[Sidenote: Font.]

there in like maner crosseth the Font, which issuing out of the ground

about Newbiggin, goeth by Nonneie Kirke, Witton castell, Stanton,

Nunriding, Newton, and so into the Wansbecke, which runneth in like

maner from Mitford to Morpheth castell (within two miles whereof it

ebbeth and floweth) the new Chappell, Bottle castell, Shepwash, and so

into the sea, thrée miles from the next hauen which is called Blithe.

[Sidenote: Blithe.]

Blithe water riseth about kirke Heaton, and goeth by Belfe, Ogle, and

(receiuing the Port aliàs the Brocket, that springeth east of S.

Oswolds) passeth by Portgate, Whittington, Fennike hall, Madfennes,

Hawkewell, the Grange, & Dissingtons. After it hath taken in the Pont

[Sidenote: Hartleie.]

from the east (whose head is not farre from that of Hartleie streame)

and is past Barwijc on the hill, it runneth by Harford, Bedlington,

Cowpon, and at Blithes nuke, into the deepe Ocean. Hartleie streamelet

riseth in Wéeteslade parioch, goeth by Haliwell, and at Hartleie towne

yeeldeth to the sea.

The Tine or Tinna, a riuer notablie stored with samon, and other good

fish, and in old time called Alan, riseth of two heads, whereof that

[Sidenote: North Tine.]

called north Tine, is the first that followeth to be described. It

springeth vp aboue Belkirke in the hils, & thence goeth to Butterhawgh

[Sidenote: Shele.]

(where it receiueth a confluence of Kirsop and the Shele) thence to

Cragsheles, Leapelish (receiuing on the south a rill out of Tindale)

then to Shilburne, against which it taketh in a becke that commeth out

of Tindale called Shill, also two other on the same side, betweene

Yarro and Fawston hall, and the third at Thorneburne, and so goeth on

to Grenested, and there carrieth withall a fall, from by north also

made by the confluence of one rill comming by Thecam, and another that

passeth by Holinhead, and likewise another on the south comming from

Tindale, by Chuden, Dalacastell, and Brokes: after which our north

Tine goeth by Hellaside, to Billingham, and at Rhedes mouth méeteth

with the Ridde, a verie prettie water, whose description is giuen me

after this maner.

[Sidenote: Ridde.]

The Ridde therefore riseth within thrée miles of the Scotish march, as

Leland saith, & commeth through Riddesdale, wherevnto it giueth the

name. Another writeth how it riseth in the roots of the Carter, and

Redsquibe hilles, and yer it hath gone farre from the head, beside a

[Sidenote: Shelhop.]

few little rilles it taketh in the Spelhop or Petop from the north and

[Sidenote: Cheslop.]

the Cheslop on the south, beside sundrie other wild rils nameless and

obscure, as one on the north side next vnto the Petop or Spelhop;

another by south out of Riddesdale, the third west of Burdop, the

fourth runneth by Wullaw to Rochester, then two from southwest,

another from by north which goeth by Durtburne, and is called Durt or

Durth, then the Smalburne from the west. Next to the same is the Otter

or Otterburne on the north side also the Ouereie, and finallie the

last which descendeth from Ellesdon hilles, by Munkrige and ioineth

with our Ridde, northwest of Nudhowgh, after which the said Ridde

goeth by Woodburne, Risingham, Leame, and so into the Tine, a mile

lower than Belingham or Bilingham, which standeth somewhat aloofe from

north Tine and is (as I take it) ten miles at the least aboue the

towne of Hexham. After this confluence it passeth to Léehall, to

[Sidenote: 3. Burnes.]

[Sidenote: Shitlington.]

Carehouse (crossing Shitlington becke by west which also receiueth the

Yare on the south side of Shitlington) another also beneath this on

the same side, made by the confluence of Workesburne, and Middleburne,

at Roseburne, beside the third called Morleis or Morelée aboue, and

Simons burne beneath Shepechase, and likewise the Swine from by north

that runneth by Swinburne castell, next of all the Riall from the

northeast, which commeth by Erington, & so holding his course

directlie southwards, it goeth by S. Oswolds through the Pictishwall,

to Wall, and so into south Tine, beneath Accam, and northwest (as I

doo wéene) of Hexham.

[Sidenote: Tine. S.]

The south Tine ariseth in the Cheuiot hils, and yer it hath gone farre

[Sidenote: Esgill.]

from the head, it méeteth with Esgill on the east, and another rill on

the west, and so going by the houses toward Awsten moore, it ioineth

[Sidenote: Vent.]

with Schud from by west, and soone after with the Vent from by east

aboue Lowbier. From Lowbier it goeth to Whitehalton, to Kirke Haugh

[Sidenote: Gilders beck.]

(crossing the Gilders becke on the one side, and the Alne on the

other) to Thornehope, where it is inlarged with a water on each side,

[Sidenote: Knare.]

to Williamstone, and almost at Knaresdale, taketh in the Knare, and

then runneth withall to Fetherstone angle. At Fetherstone angle

likewise it méeteth with Hartleie water, by southwest comming from

Sibins or Sibbenes, another a little beneath from southeast, and

thence when it commeth to Billester castell, it carieth another

withall from by west, Thirlewall called Rippall which riseth in the

forrest of Lowes, and goeth by the Waltowne, Blinkinsop, & Widon, and

after which confluence it taketh in another from by north rising west

of Swinsheld, which goeth by Grenelegh to Haltwestell: thence going by

Vnthanke, it crosseth another rill from by south, descending from the

hilles that lie north of Todlewood, and then proceeding vnto

Wilmotteswijc, it admitteth the Wilmots becke from the south, and

another running by Bradleie hall on the north side of Beltingham;

after which it méeteth with the Alen a proper water, and described

after this maner.

[Sidenote: East Alen.]

The Alen or Alon hath two heads, whereof one is called east Alen, the

other west Alen. The first of them riseth southeast of Sibton Sheles,

& going by Sundorp, it taketh in a rill withall from by est; after

which confluence it runneth to Newshele, Allington, Caddon, Old towne,

[Sidenote: West Alen.]

& in the course to Stauertpele, méeteth with the west Alen. The west

Alen riseth in Killop low hilles aboue Wheteleie sheles, from whence

it goeth to Spartwell, Hawcopole, Owston, and taking in a rill

thereabouts, it procéedeth on to Permandbie, and crossing there

another rill in like maner from by west, it goeth by Whitefield, and

ioining soone after with the est Alen, they run as one to Stauert

poole, Plankford, and so into the Tine betweene Beltingham and Lées,

from whence the Tine runneth on by Lees Haddon, Woodhall, Owmers,

Whernebie, Costleie, & so by Warden, till it crosse the north Tine,

and come to Hexham, from whence it goeth to Dilstan, crossing two

waters by the waie, whereof one commeth from by south, and is called

the Wolsh, which holdeth his course by Stelehall, and Newbiggin

receiueth another comming from Grimbridge: the other called Dill

somewhat lower descending from Hedleie, and running by Rising, till it

fall into the south side of our streame from Dilstan, it goeth to

Bywell castell, ouer against which it receiueth a rill that runneth by

Hindleie, thence it hasteth to Eltingham, Pruddo, Willam, (and there

it meeteth with another becke) then to Reton, Blaidon, and next of all

[Sidenote: Darwent.]

ioineth with the Darwent, from by south.

This riuer riseth aboue Knewdon, and Rudlamhope in Northumberland,

from two heads: the northerlie being called Dere, and the southerlie

the Guent: and ioining so well yer long in chanell as in name, they

runne on to Humsterworth, new Biggin, Blankeland, Acton, Aspersheles,

Blackheadlie, Brentfield side, Pansheles, Ebchester, and there taking

in a water from Hedleie in Northumberland, néere to Blacke hall in the

bishoprike, it goeth on to Spen, Hollinside, Wickham, Swalwell, and so

into Tine, which passeth from thence by Elswijc, and méeting with

another water comming from Shildraw, by Rauensworth castell to

Redhugh, it goeth on to Newcastell, Fellin, Netherheworth, Walker,

Waswon, Hedburne, and next to Jerro or Girwie, where Beda dwelled in

an abbeie; now a gentlemans place (although the church be made a

parish church, wherevnto diuerse townes resort, as moonke Eaton where

Beda was borne, which is a mile from thence, Southsheles, Harton,

Westhow, Hebburne, Hedworth, Wardleie, Fellin, Follinsbie, the

Heworthes) and from thence to the south and Northsheles, and so into

the sea, fiue miles by northwest of Weremouth, and (as I gesse)

somewhat more.

Beneath the confluence in like sort of both the Tines, standeth

Corbridge, a towne sometime inhabited by the Romans, and about twelue

miles from Newcastell, and hereby dooth the Corue run, that meeteth

yer long with the Tine. Not farre off also is a place called

Colchester, wherby Leland gesseth that the name of the brooke should

[Sidenote: Corue.]

rather be Cole than Corue, and in my iudgement his coniecture is verie

likelie; for in the life of S. Oswijn (otherwise a féeble authoritie)

the word Colbridge is alwaies vsed for Corbridge, whereof I thought

good to leaue this short aduertisement. In this countrie also are the

thrée vales or dales, whereof men haue doubted whether théeues or true

men doo most abound in them, that is to saie, Riddesdale, Tuidale, and

Liddesdale: this last being for the most part Scotish, and without the

marches of England. Neuerthelesse, sithens that by the diligence

cheefelie of maister Gilpin, and finallie of other learned preachers,

the grace of God working with them, they haue béene called to some

obedience and zeale vnto the word, it is found that they haue so well

profited by the same, that at this present their former sauage

demeanour is verie much abated, and their barbarous wildnesse and

fiercenesse so qualified, that there is great hope left of their

reduction vnto ciuilitie, and better order of behauiour than hitherto

they haue béene acquainted withall. But to procéed with the rest.

[Sidenote: Were.]

Ptolomie, writing of the Were, calleth it Vedra, a riuer well knowne

vnto Beda the famous préest, who was brought vp in a monasterie that

stood vpon the bankes thereof. It riseth of thrée heads in

[Sidenote: Burdop.]

Kelloppeslaw hill, whereof the most southerlie is called Burdop, the

[Sidenote: Wallop.]

[Sidenote: Kellop.]

middlemost Wallop, and the northerliest Kellop, which vniting

themselues about S. Iohns chappell, or a little by west thereof, their

confluence runneth through Stanhope parke, by east Yare, and so to

Frosterleie. But yer it come there, it receiueth thrée rilles from the

north in Weredale, whereof one commeth in by Stanhope, another west of

Woodcroft hall, and the third at Frosterleie afore mentioned. And a

little beneath these, I find yet a fourth on the south side, which

descendeth from southwest by Bolliop, Bishopsleie, Milhouses, and

Landew, as I haue béene informed. Being therefore vnited all with the

Were, this streame goeth on to Walsingham, there taking in the

[Sidenote: Wascrop.]

Wascropburne, beside another at Bradleie, the third at Harpleie hall

(and these on the north side) and the fourth betwéene Witton and

[Sidenote: Bedburne.]

Witton castell called Bedburne, comming by Hamsterleie, whereby this

riuer dooth now wax verie great. Going therefore from hence, it

hasteth to Bishops Akeland, and beneath it receiueth the Garondlesse,

which (as Leland saith) riseth six miles by west of Akeland castell,

and running south thereof, passeth by west Akeland, S. Helens Akeland,

S. Andrewes Akeland, and bishops Akeland, and then into the Were which

goeth to Newfield, and Willington. Neere vnto this place also and

somewhat beneath Sunderland, the Were, crosseth one brooke from

southest by Het, Croxseie, Cronefurth, Tursdale, and Cordale, and two

other from by northwest in one botome, whereof the first commeth from

aboue Ash by Langleie: the other called Coue, from aboue Kinchleie by

Newbiggin, Lanchester, north Langlie, and through Beare parke, & so

méeting beneath Kelleie or Hedleie with the other, they fall both as

one into the Were, betweene south Sunderland and Burnall. From hence

our riuer goeth on to Howghwell, Shirkeleie, old Duresme (and there

[Sidenote: Pidding brooke.]

taking in the Pidding brooke by northeast) it goeth to Duresme,

Finkeleie, Harbarhouse, Lumleie castell (where it méeteth with the

[Sidenote: Pilis.]

Pilis, whose heads are vnited betweene Pelton and Whitwell (and after

called Hedleie) and from thence to Lampton, Harroton, the Bedikes,

Vfferton, Hilton parke, Bishops Weremouth, and so into the sea,

betweene north Sunderland and north Weremouth towne, which now is

called moonke Weremouth of the monasterie sometime standing there,

wherin Beda read & wrote manie of his bookes, as to the world

appeareth. This mouth of Were is eight miles from Durham, and six from

Newcastell. Being thus passed the Were, & entered into the Bishoprijc,

yer we come at the mouth of the These, almost by two miles, ouer

passing a rill that runneth by castell Eden, and Hardwijc, and

likewise Hartlepoole towne, which lieth ouer into the sea in maner of

a byland or peninsula, we meet with a prettie fall, which groweth by a

riuer that is increased with two waters, whereof one riseth by

northwest about Moretons, and goeth by Stotfeld and Claxton, the other

at Dawlton, going by Breerton, Owtham, and Grettam, finallie ioining

within two miles of the sea, they make a prettie portlet: but I know

not of what securitie.

[Sidenote: Thesis.]

The These, a riuer that beareth and féedeth an excellent samon, riseth

in the Blacke lowes, aboue two miles flat west of the southerlie head

of Were called Burdop, and south of the head of west Alen, and thence

runneth through Tildale forrest: and taking in the Langdon water from

northwest it runneth to Durtpit chappell, to Newbiggin, and so to

Middleton, receiuing by west of each of these a rill comming from by

[Sidenote: Hude.]

north (of which the last is called Hude) and likewise the Lune

afterward by southwest that riseth at thrée seuerall places, whereof

the first is in the borders of Westmerland and there called Arnegill

[Sidenote: Lune.]

becke, the second more southerlie, named Lunebecke, and the third by

[Sidenote: Arnegill.]

south at Bandor Skarth hill, and méeting all aboue Arnegill house,

they run togither in one bottome to Lathekirke bridge, and then into

the These. Hauing therefore met with these, it runneth to Mickelton (&

[Sidenote: Skirkewith.]

there taking in the Skirkwith water) it goeth to Rombald kirke

[Sidenote: Bander.]

(crossing there also one rill and the Bander brooke by south west) and

then going to Morewood hag, and Morewood parke, till it come to

Bernards castell.

[Sidenote: Rere crosse.]

Here also it receiueth the Thuresgill water, comming east of Rere

crosse in Yorkeshire, from the spittle in Stanmore by Crag almost

southwest, and being vnited with the These, it goeth by Stratford,

Eglesdon, Rokesbie, Thorpe, Wickliffe, Ouington, Winston, and betweene

Barfurth and Gainfurth méeteth with another rill, that commeth from

Langleie forest, betwéene Rabie castell and Standorpe, of whose name I

haue no knowledge. But to procéed. The These being past Ramforth,

runneth betwéene Persore and Cliffe, and in the waie to Crofts bridge

[Sidenote: Skerne.]

taketh in the Skerne a pretie water, which riseth about Trimdon, and

goeth by Fishburne, Bradburie, Preston, Braforton, Skirmingham, the

Burdens, Haughton and Darlington, & there finallie meeting with the

Cocke becke or Dare, it falleth in the These beneath Stapleton, before

it come at Crofts bridge, and (as it should séeme) is the same which

Leland calleth Gretteie or Grettie. From thence it runneth to

Sockburne, nether Dunsleie, Middleton row, Newsham, Yarne (crossing a

brooke from Leuen bridge) called Leuen or Leuinus in Latine, whose

crinkling course is notable, and the streame of some called Thorpe,

which I find described in this maner.

[Sidenote: Thorpe aliàs Leuand.]

The Thorpe riseth of sundrie heads, whereof one is aboue Pinching

Thorpe, from whence it goeth to Nonnethorpe, and so to Stokesleie. The

second hath two branches, and so placed, that Kildale standeth

betweene them both: finallie, méeting beneath Easbie they go by Eaton,

and likewise vnto Stokesleie. The last hath also two branches, whereof

one commeth from Inglesbie, and méeteth with the second beneath

Broughton; & going from thence to Stokesleie, they méet with the

Thorpe aboue the towne, as the other fall into it somewhat beneath the

same. From hence it goeth to Ridleie, and there taketh in another rill

[Sidenote: Crawthorne.]

comming from Potto, thence to Crawthorne brooke, Leuanton, Milton,

Hilton, Inglesbie, and so into the These, betwéene Yarne and Barwijc,

whereof I made mention before. After this confluence our These hasteth

on to Barwijc, Preston, Thorne abbeie, and Arsham, which standeth on

the southeast side of the riuer almost betweene the falles of two

waters, whereof one descendeth from west Hartburne by long Newton,

Elton, & Stockton; the other from Stillington, or Shillington, by

Whitton, Thorpe, Blackestone, Billingham, and Norton. From Arsham

finallie it goeth to Bellasis, Middleburgh, and so into the sea.

Leland describing this riuer speaketh of the Wiske, which should come

thereinto from by south vnder Wiske bridge, by Danbie, and

Northalarton, and should ioine with a greater streame: but as yet I

find no certeine place where to bestow the same.

Next of all we come vnto the high Cliffe water, which rising aboue

Hutton, goeth by Gisborow, and there receiueth another streame comming

from by southeast, and then continuing on his course, it is not long

yer it fall into the sea. The next is the Scaling water, which

descendeth from Scaling towne, from whence we come to the Molemouth,

not farre from whose head standeth Molgraue castell: then to Sandford

[Sidenote: Eske.]

creeke, and next of all to Eske mouth, which riseth aboue Danbie wood,

and so goeth to Castelton, there méeting by the waie with another rill

comming from about Westerdale by Danbie, and so they go on togither by

Armar and Thwate castell, till they ioine with another water aboue

Glasdule chappell, thence to new Biggin, taking yet another brooke

[Sidenote: Ibur.]

with them, running from Goodland ward, and likewise the Ibur, and so

go on without anie further increase by Busworth, yer long into the

sea.

There is also a créeke on each side of Robin Whoodes baie, of whose

names and courses I haue no skill, sauing that Fillingale the towne

dooth stand betwéene them both. There is another not far from

Scarborow, on the north side called the Harwood brooke. It runneth

through Harwood dale by Cloughton, Buniston, and soone after méeting

with another rill on the southwest, they run as one into the ocean

sea. From Scarborow to Bridlington, by Flamborow head, we met with no

more falles. This water therefore that we saw at Bridlington, riseth

at Dugglebie, from whence it goeth to Kirbie, Helperthorpe,

Butterwijc, Boithorpe, Foxhole, (where it falleth into the ground, and

riseth vp againe at Rudston) Thorpe, Cathorpe, Bridlington, and so

into the Ocean.

Being come about the Spurne head, I meete yer long with a riuer that

riseth short of Withersie, and goeth by Fodringham and Wisted, from

thence to another that commeth by Rosse, Halsham, Carmingham: then to

the third, which riseth aboue Humbleton, and goeth to Esterwijc,

Heddon, and so into the Humber. The fourth springeth short of

Sprotleie, goeth by Witton, and falleth into the water of Humber at

Merflete, as I heare.

[Sidenote: Hull.]

The next of all is the Hull water, which I will describe also here,

and then crosse ouer vnto the southerlie shore. The furthest head of

Hull water riseth at Kilham, from whence it goeth to Lewthorpe créeke,

and so to Fodringham, a little beneath which it meeteth with sundrie

waters, whereof one falleth in on the northest side, comming from

about Lisset; the second on the northwest banke from Nafferton; the

third from Emmeswell and Kirkeburne: for it hath two heads which

ioined beneth little Drifield, and the fourth which falleth into the

same: so that these two latter run vnto the maine riuer both in one

chanell, as experience hath confirmed. From hence then our Hull goeth

to Ratseie, to Goodalehouse, and then taking in a water from Hornesie

mere, it goeth on through Beuerleie medowes, by Warron, Stoneferrie,

Hull, and finallie into the Humber. Of the rill that falleth into this

water from south Netherwijc, by Skirlow, and the two rilles that come

from Cottingham and Woluerton, I saie no more, sith it is enough to

name them in their order.

THE DESCRIPTION OF THE HUMBER OR ISIS, AND SUCH WATER-COURSES AS DOO

INCREASE HIR CHANELL.