Putnam, F. A., 53.
Rada y Delgada, J. de D., 226, 227.
Rajendalala, 146.
Ramirez, J. F., 23, 88, 196, 210.
Ramusio, 72, note.
Rand, S. T., 130.
Ranke, Dr., 64.
Rau, Charles, 31.
Recetarios de Indios, MS., 272.
Reichelt, G. H., 430.
Registro Yucateco, 164, 263.
Rennenkampff, A. von, 330.
Rink, Heinrich, 287, 289.
Romans, Bernard, 78.
Rosa, Agostin de la, 326, 366, 420.
Rosny, Leon de, 196, 199, 226, 252, 253, 265.
Ruiz de Montoya, Antonio, 381 _sq._
Saint Hilaire, J. G. de, 164.
Santa Rosa, Beltran de, 238.
Sahagun, Bernardino de, 84, 86, 88, 93, 94, 97, 142, 280, 298.
Saz, P., 122.
Schasler, Max, 329.
Schellhas, Dr., 196, 200, 202.
Scherzer, Karl, 114.
Schoolcraft, H. R., 69, 133, 294, 354.
Schuhmann, T. S., 430.
Schweinitz, E. de, 430.
Seler, Ed., 196, 244.
Sequoyah, 198.
Shakespeare, W., 127, 219, 220, 320.
Shea, John G., 386.
Short, John T., 67.
Siméon, Rémi, 94, 283.
Smith, Spencer, 81.
Solana, Alonso de, 235.
Soriano, Juan G., 373.
Sosa, F. de P., 164.
Sotomayor, Damaso, 272, 277.
Sotomayor, J. de Villagutierre de, 239, 247.
Spinoza, B., 411.
Squier, E. G., 69, 81, 133.
Steinen, Karl von den, 34.
Steinthal, H., 329, 355, 390, 403.
Stephens, J. L., 164, 168, 263.
Stoll, Dr. Otto, 35, 100, 109, 112, 122, 423.
Storm, Gustav, 22.
Strebel, M. H., 275.
Sungimoto, K., 151.
Tanner, John, 157.
Tapia Zenteno, Carlos de, 423.
Taylor, S., 70.
Ten Kate, Dr. H. F. C., 66.
Testera, Jacobo de, 233.
Tetlapan Quetzanitzin, 299.
Teza, E., 332.
Tezozomoc, A., 23, 89, 93, 143, 283.
Thavenet, Abbé, 332.
Thiel, B. A., 375, 379.
Thomas, Cyrus, 82, 106, 200, 204, 230, 269.
Timberlake, Lieutenant, 71.
Tolmie, W. F., 396.
Topinard, Paul, 64.
Torquemada, J. de, 94, 234.
Tro y Ortolano, Juan de, 252.
Tschudi, J. J. von, 365, 397, 404.
Uricoechea, E., 400, 401.
Vaca, Cabeza de, 72.
Valades, D., 206.
Valentini, P. J. J., 197, 227, 228, 243, 263, 375.
Varea, Francisco, 106, 110, 129, 442.
Vedas, the, 142.
Vega, Garcilasso de la, 73, 77.
Veitia, E., 84, 90, 97.
Vico, R. P., 110.
Villacañas, Benito de, 107.
Villalpando, R. P., 250.
Villagutierre Soto-Mayor, Juan de, 239, 247.
Vinson, Julien, 453, 467.
Virchow, Rudolph, 63, 64, 153, 158.
Waitz, Theo., 260.
Waldeck, Baron de, 254.
Whitney, William D., 327.
Whittlesey, Charles, 447.
Williams, Roger, 131.
Winkler, Heinrich, 58, 350, 351, 386, 399.
Winsor, Justin, 18.
Woodham, 219.
Worsaae, J. J. A., 153, 158.
Wuttke, Dr., 250, 252.
Wyman, Jeffries, 28.
Ximenez, Francisco, 105, 111, etc.
Zegarra, G. Pacheco, 426.
Zeisberger, D., 187, 189.
Zetina, Lic., 164, 172, 175.
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
Abañeénga, language, 381.
Abipones, language of, 336.
Abundance, the house of, 145.
Acheron, the river of Hades, 141.
Acolhuacan, 86.
Acozpa, hieroglyph of, 224.
Adjectives, absence of, 405.
Adjidjiatig, or grave posts of Chipeways, 228.
Age of Iron, Bronze, and Stone, 49.
Agglutination in language, 340, 361.
Ahau katuns of Mayas, 264, 268, 269.
Ahkul Chel, a Maya priest, 248.
Ahpu, magicians, 118.
Ah-raxa-lak, a sacred name, 117.
Ah-raxa-sel, a sacred name, 117.
Ahuitzotzin, Emperor of Mexico, 281–3.
Akahal tribe, 423.
Algonkin grammar, remarks on, 190, 364, 366.
Algonkin language, extension of, 35;
radicals of, 36, 332, 400;
“love words” in, 413.
Algonkins, hero-god of, 130–134.
Algonkin stock, area of, 311.
Algonkin tribes, their “grandfather,” 184;
as mound-builders, 70;
legendary origin of, 24.
Alliteration, rare in primitive poetry, 285.
Allibamons, 71.
Alphabet, of Cherokees, 199;
of Valades, 200;
in early speech, 393;
of Landa, 199, 240–245;
of Chinese, etc., 214.
Alternating consonants, 398.
Amenti, the Egyptian Hades, 137.
American languages, tenacity of, 35;
diversity of, 35;
traits of, 36;
study of, 37, 308 _sq._
American Indians, origin of, 17.
Anahuac, 84.
Analtés, sacred books of Itzas, 239, 247.
Andover, a rebus of, 223.
Animals, transformation into, 114, 170, 171.
Animate and inanimate conjugations, 406.
Animism, doctrine of, 117.
Anthropoid apes, not found in
America, 43.
Anthropology, classification in, 349.
Apaches, language of, 35, 394.
Apalacha, fabulous description of, 76.
Apap, god of evil, in Egypt, 137.
Araucanian language, 398.
Araucanians, skulls of, 39.
Arawacks, tribe, 40;
language, 430.
Argillite implements, 41.
Arithmetic of Mayas, 268.
Arizona, ruins in, 25.
Arrhenic gender, 406.
Arrow, in Lenape, 183.
Arrow heads, ancient forms of, 31.
Arrow-release, the American, 60.
Arsut, a song of, 290.
Art, American, wholly indigenous, 60.
Arthur, King, story of, 130, 142.
Artificial shell-heaps, age of, 27.
Aryan languages, the, 312, 323, 344, 358;
dialects, alleged, in America, 59;
nations, mythology of, 141.
Assumptive arms, in heraldry, 219.
Astrology, native Yucatecan, 259.
Astronomic cycles of Mexicans and Mayas, 23.
Asymmetry, intentional, 448.
Athapascan language, the, 21, 58, 394;
extension of the, 35;
elements of, 36.
Atecpanamochco, 86.
Atlantis, the fabled, 43.
Atoyac, the river, 86.
Auroral gods, 111, 113.
Autochthony of American culture, 60.
Avalon, the Isle of, 142.
Aymarian depression in American skulls, 62.
Azteca _or_ Aztecs, 85, 87, 367.
Aztec calendar explained, 276–9;
codices, 221;
love songs, 295–7;
war songs, 298;
year cycles of, 159, _see_ Nahuatl, Mexican.
Aztlan, derivation of, 88.
Bacab, Maya deities, 173.
Baffin’s Land, natives of, 286.
Balam, meaning of, 128, 258;
the Maya prophet, 248.
Balams, Maya deities, 172–176.
Ball play in Mexico, 89.
Banana, not an American plant, 33, 34.
Basque language, the, 316, 351.
Bat, as a totemic animal, 114.
Baures, language of, 397.
Beard in American Indians, 39.
Being and Not-Being, in language, 401.
Biceitas, tribe, 375.
Bilderschrift, 207.
Birds as winds, 123, 175;
symbolism of, 169, 179.
Bi-sexual divinities, 96, 109.
Blackfeet, myths of, 131.
Black-tail, a fabulous snake, 178.
Blood, in myths, 114, 124.
Blowpipe, use of, 109.
Blue, as sacred color, 95, 118.
Boat of the Sun, 138;
of Charon, 141.
Bokol h’otoch, a Maya imp, 178.
Bones, collection of, 78.
Book, Maya word for, 247.
Books of Chilan Balam, 255 _sqq._
Books of Mayas described, 232, 235, 237.
Bolivia, tribes of, 397, 405.
Boruca language, the, 375 _sq._
Botocudos, traits of, 38, 39, 40, 65.
Bow-and-arrow, modern use of, 31, 183.
Brachycephalism in America, 63.
Brazil, designs of pottery from, 157, 159;
mound-builders from, 67;
ethnology of, 38, 40;
languages
of, 380 _sq._, 428 _sq._;
shell heaps in, 28.
Bri-bri language, the, 374 _sq._
Bronka _or_ Brunka language, 375 _sq._
Bronze, Age of, 49, 50.
Brush-net, use of, 184.
Buenos Ayres, archæology of, 31, 40.
Buffalo, Lenâpé name for, 184.
Burial customs, 75, 77, 78, 119.
Burial mounds in Florida, 75.
Cabecar language, the, 375 _sq._
Cabrakan, god of earthquakes, 121, 122.
Cachis, tribe, 375.
Cahokia, pyramid at, 81.
Cakchiquels, totemic animals, 114;
language, 35, 104, 106, 107, 345, 347, 370, 423;
lineal measures of, 433, 439;
writing of, 228.
Cakulha-Hurakan, a Quiche god, 120, 121.
Calaveras skull, the, 40.
Calculiform writing explained, 243, 253.
Calendar, mystic relations of, 99, 129;
of Mexicans, 276–8;
the Quiche-Cakchiquel, 129;
of the Taensas, 469.
California, languages of, 386;
auriferous gravels of, 31;
remains from, 40.
Campeachy, Bay of, 233.
Canals, ancient, in Florida, 73.
Canek, chief of Itzas, 239.
Cannibalism, unknown in Yucatan, 235.
Canoes, manufacture of, 185.
Cantico, meaning of, 187.
Canting arms, in heraldry, 218.
Capaha, the village of, 73.
Caracaracol, a Haytian divinity, 116.
Cardinal points, sacred characters, 154, 161, 166, 167, 172, 175;
signs for in Maya, 203.
Carib language, 331, 337.
Caribs, mythology of, 123.
Carvara, the dog, 141.
Catarrhine monkeys not found in America, 43.
Ceh Pech, a province of Yucatan, 233.
Central America, poetry of, 288.
Centzon Huitznahua, the, 94.
Cerberus, the dog, 141, 146.
Chiapas, dialects of, 420.
Cincalco, in Aztec myth, 145.
Civilization, centers of, 61.
Chac, Maya deities, 173.
Chahta-Muskokee family, the, 71, 79.
Chahta tribes, the, 80, 81;
_see_ Choctaws.
Chan Pal, a Maya imp, 177.
Chapallan, Lake, 88.
Chapanec language, 398.
Charon, the ferryman, 141.
Chelles, objects from, 32.
Cherokees, wars with Iroquois, 69;
as mound-builders, 71, 82;
alphabet, 198.
Che Vinic, a Maya ogre, 176.
Chibcha language, 400.
Chicagua, a village, 73.
Chichen Itza, 254, 302.
Chichimecs, tribe, 90, 298.
Chicomoztoc, land of, 23.
Chikasaws, 71.
Chilan, signification of, 258, 260, 272;
prophecy of, 303.
Chilan Balam, books of, 255.
Chile, languages of, 398.
Chimalman, the virgin, 96.
Chinese, alphabet of, 214, 215;
language, the, 323, 336;
supposed presence in America, 59;
philosophy and symbolism, 150, 151.
Chipi-cakulha, a Quiche god, 120.
Chipeways, build mounds, 70;
myths of, 131.
Chipeway pronouns, 324;
pictography, 228.
Chipeways, their “grandfather,” 188.
Chipeway love song, 294;
love words, 418.
Chipped Stone, period of, 50.
Chiquita language, 405.
Chirakan Xmucane, a Quiche goddess, 122.
Choctaws, 24, 71, 77, 461;
_see_ Chahta.
Choctaw language, the, 364.
Chronological system of Mayas, 263.
Chumayel, book of, 248, 257, 291.
“Chunk yards” of the Creeks, 76.
Clark’s Works, mounds at, 81.
Classification of languages, 339.
Coatepetl, the, 86, 89.
Coatlan Tonan, an Aztec goddess, 94.
Codices, the existing Maya, 250.
Coatlicue, an Aztec goddess, 94, 95.
Colhua, Colhuacan, 85.
Color of American Indians, 39, 61.
Colors in races of men, 38;
phonetic value in hieroglyphs, 223;
symbolism of, 166, 167.
Columbian gravel, relics found in, 53.
Communal burial, 78.
Communal dwellings, 185, 445.
Conjunctions, in American languages, 345, 404.
Connecticut, Indian names in, 309.
Consonants, alternating, 398;
significance of, 394.
Copan, calendar stone from, 155, 254.
Coptic, ancient, 215, 402.
Cordova, Hernandez de, his expedition, 232.
Cortes, H., his conquest, 280, 282.
Costa Rica, age of shell-heaps in, 28, 31;
languages of, 374 _sq._
Counter-sense in language, 401.
Courous, tribe, 77.
Coyote, as sacred animal, 112.
Cozumel, island of, 232.
Cranial characteristics of red race, 62, 63.
Craniologic data from the mounds, 82.
Cranioscopic formulas of American Indians, 40.
Cree, language, 21, 363, 383, 395, 401, 403;
love words in, 413.
Crees, myths of, 131.
Creeks, 24, 71, 76.
Criteria of languages, 336.
Cross, as a sacred symbol, 148 _sqq._
Cubit, as a measure, 441.
Cukulkan, 84.
Culcalkin, a Maya ogre, 177.
Culture-heroes, American, 130.
Cycles, of Aztecs and Mayas, 159, 264.
Dakotas, 79;
winter counts of, 159;
dialects, 407.
Dawn, master of the, 113.
Day-maker, the, 111, 129.
Days, signs of, in Maya MSS., 270.
Death, prognostics of, 169;
lord of, 170;
primitive notion of, 143;
river of, 147.
Deer, as totemic animal, 114, 128.
Delaware, State, discoveries in, 32, 53.
Delaware river, relics from, 41, 53.
Delaware Indians, _see_ Lenâpé.
Déné Dindjié, tribe, 21;
language, 395.
Dependent clauses, 404.
Determinatives, their use in writing, 216.
Devil, words for, 126.
Diluvial epoch, human remains in, 29.
Divination, by beans, 118;
by thorns, 94;
by stones, 165.
Diviners, of Mayas, 165.
Dogs, as sacred animals, 140, 141, 144, 146.
Dresden, the Maya MS. at, 250.
Dwarfs, fabulous, of Mayas, 177.
Dyes used by the Mayas, 246.
Earth, the heart of the, 126.
Ego, phonetic element of, 396.
Egyptian theory of the soul, 136–140;
hieroglyphic origin of, 216;
alphabet, 217.
Eight, as sacred number, 140, 146.
Ekoneil, a fabulous snake, 179.
Elephant, the American, 32.
Elysium, fields of, 141.
Epicanthus, in America, 64.
English language, the, 336.
Epochs of the Palæolithic Period, 51.
Escamela, inscribed stone at, 274.
Eskimo, skulls of, 63;
physical traits of, 65;
songs of, 286–290;
language, 58, 338, 340.
Etowah valley, mound in, 80.
Eye, oblique or Mongolian, in America, 63, 64.
Fac-simile of Landa’s MS., 242.
Father, the great, 175.
Feathers, as symbolic ornaments, 116.
Female line, hereditary, 189.
Fire, earliest knowledge of, 391;
festival of, among Mayas, 168.
Fish, the, in Aztec calendar, 283.
Fishing, ancient methods of, 184
Fleur-de-lys, origin of, 220.
Flores, island, capture of, 239.
Florida, ancient mounds in, 73, 75, 77;
shell heaps in, 28, 31;
limonite skeletons from, 41.
Folk-lore of Yucatan, 163;
of Lenâpé, 181.
Food-plants of native Americans, 33.
Foot, as measure of length, 434 _sq._, 444.
Four, as sacred number, 140, 146, 157.
Four Ages of World, 161.
Four hundred, meaning of, 94.
Friendship, native words for, 420, 428.
Fuegians, appearance of, 39;
language, 338.
Games, of Lenapé, 186.
Generation, gods of, 120.
Georgia, antiquities in, 80.
Ghosts, superstitions about, 127.
Giant bison, the American, 41, note.
Giant Grab, 176;
Stone of the, 274 _sq._
Glacial age in North America, date of, 41, 44, 54;
in South America, 42, 55.
Gluskap the Liar, a Micmac hero, 130.
Grammatic forms, origin of, 331.
Grammatical categories, the, 405.
Graphic systems, phonetic elements of, 195 _sq._
Graphic system of Mayas, 245.
Greek language, the, 344, 348.
Green, as a color symbol, 118.
Greenland, poetry from, 287–290.
Grijalva, Juan de, his expedition, 232.
Guadalajara, University of, 326.
Guarani, language, 35, 380 _sq._, 398, 399, 400;
love words in, 428.
Guarayos, bearded Indians, 39, note.
Guatemala, dialects in, 104;
tribes of, 105, 420.
Gucumatz, derivation of, 116;
transformations of, 171.
Gucumatz Cotuha, a king, 114.
Guiana, shell-heaps in, 31;
ethnology of, 39, 40.
Gulf States, antiquities of, 72–80.
Hades, derivation of, 141;
descent to, 125–6.
Hair, of American Indians, 62;
of the Sun-god, 99, 140, 146;
long, as symbol, 146, 280.
Hare, the Great, 132.
Harmachis, Egyptian divinity, 138.
Hatchet, burying the, 71.
Haiti, mythology of, 116, 121.
“Heart of the Lake,” a sacred name, 116.
Heart, as a symbol, 117.
Hell, words for, 126, 127;
descent to, 123–130.
Hemenway Exploring Expedition, 25.
Heraldry, methods of, 218, 219.
Hermapolis, eight gods of, 140.
Hesperides, garden of the, 142.
Hidatsa language, 407.
Hieroglyphs, Maya, 201, 265–7.
Hog, the, as a god, 113.
Holophrasis, explained, 322, 354 _sq._
_Homo alalus_, the, 390–392.
Homophones in languages, 198, 215, 216.
Hooks, used in fishing, 184.
Horus, the Egyptian, 138.
Horse, Delaware word for, 321;
fossil, in America, 31, 32, 42.
Houses, of beams, 97;
communal, 185.
Huasteca language, the, 221, 331, 343;
love words in, 422.
Hueman, an Aztec hero-god, 96.
Huguenots, settlement of, 74.
Huitzilopochtli, an Aztec god, 85, 88;
derivation of, 95;
birth of, 96;
temple of, 25.
Huitznahua, Aztec divinities, 94, 95.
Human species, divisions of, 38.
Humor, among native Americans, 288.
Hun-ahpu, birth of, 125.
Hun-ahpu-utiu, derivation, 112.
Hun-ahpu-vuch, derivation of, 109.
Hun-came, a Quiche god, 124.
Hunhun-ahpu, a Quiche god, 124.
Hunting, ancient methods of, 184.
Hunyecil, meaning of, 237.
Hurakan, god of the storm, 120–123.
Hurons, burial customs, 69.
Hurricane, derivation of, 121, 122;
lord of, 167.
Ichcanziho, ancient name of Merida, 233.
Ideograms in phonetic writing, 197;
of Mayas, 248.
Idols of Lenâpé, 187;
of Itzas, 240;
priest of, 248.
Idols, superstitions concerning, 177.
Ikonographic writing, 213.
Ikonomatic method of phonetic writing, 86, 89, 207, 211, 213–229, 281.
Illinois, archæology of, 40, 81.
Implements, simple and compound, 30, 51, 52.
Inca bone, the, 62.
Incas of Peru, false lists of, 23.
Incorporative character of American languages, 36.
Incorporation, explained, 321, 340, 341, 352–357, 403.
Indo-Aryans, myths of, 146.
Industrial art in ancient America, 29.
Ioskeha, Iroquois hero-god, 130.
Iron, Age of, 49, 50.
Iroquois, 24, 68, 69;
Lenâpé name for, 184.
Itza, town in Yucatan, 302.
Ytzamal, temples of, 236.
Itzamna, hero-god of Mayas, 238.
Itzas, the tribe of, 239.
Itzmiquilpan, hieroglyph of, 223.
Jaguar, as sacred animal, 128.
Japanese writing, 231.
Jesuits, settlement near Savannah, 76.
Jew, Book of the, 273.
Jonaz language, the, 368.
Katun, lord of the, 249;
of Mayas, 260.
Katuns, of Mayas, 159.
Káua, Book of Chilan Balam of, 268.
Kentucky, archæology of, 82.
Khetsua language, _see_ Qquichua.
Kiches, _see_ Quiches.
Kichigouai, Algonkin divinities, 111.
Kin Ich, a Maya deity, 170.
Kinich-ahau, hero-god of Mayas, 238.
Kioways, songs of, 293.
Klamath language, the, 321, 398.
Koonak, Mt., poem about, 290.
Kitchen-middens, in America, 27.
Labrador, natives of, 311.
Lacandon, province of, 239.
Lagoa Santa, skulls from, 40.
La Naulette, jaw from, 390.
Language, ethnologic value of, 193;
origin of, 390.
Languages discussed: _See tribal names._
Laws of Thought, 402.
Lead, known to Mexicans, 450.
Leif Erikson, his voyage, 22.
Left hand, as stronger, 95.
Legends, value in savage tribes, 24.
Lenâpé, Folk-lore of the, 181;
derivation of, 183.
Lenâpé dialect, pronunciation of, 189;
grammar of, 190, 191, 313.
Letters, single, significant, 394.
Life, the Tree of, 161.
Light, the mother of, 119;
divinity of, 112, 129.
Lightning, as a deity, 121, 133, 174.
Lingoa Geral, of Brazil, 380.
Limonite skeletons from Florida, 41.
Lineal measures, American, 433 _sq._
Linguistic stocks, number of in America, 34;
origin of, 392.
Lithuanian dialect, the, 316.
Lorelei, an American, 178.
Love, songs of, 293–7;
conceptions of in American languages, 410 _sq._;
definition of, 432.
Lule language, the, 331, 342.
Mbaya language, the, 331, 342, 343.
Mackenzie River, tribes of, 35.
Madrid, Maya MSS. at, 253.
Maguey, the, a sacred plant, 88;
paper, 253.
Maize, origin and extension of, 33.
Malayan race, the, 349.
Malinalxochitl, an Aztec goddess, 88.
Mammoth, remains of, 32.
Manabozho, a Chipeway hero, 131, 133.
Man, not developed in America, 43;
oldest remains of, in America, 53;
a singing animal, 284;
subdivisions of, 348.
Manco Capac, his date, 22.
Mandioca, a native food-plant, 33.
Manhattan, derivation of, 183.
Mani, the Book of Chilan of, 264.
Manuscripts in Maya characters, 250.
Mapachtepec, hieroglyph of, 222.
Maps of Mayas, 438.
Markets, Mexican, 449.
Marriage song, 460.
Masks, used in rites, 114, 187.
Mass, the field, 165.
Maya language, the, 181, 345;
love words in, 420;
civilization, 84;
witch story, 171;
year-counts, 159;
phonetic characters, 199,
hieroglyphic system, 227, 228;
Mayas, ancient, writings and records of, 230–254;
earliest ancestors of, 24;
the, traditions of, 22;
conversion of, 164;
folk-lore of, 162;
burial customs of, 119;
lineal measures of, 434;
maps of, 438.
Mayacimil, meaning of, 237.
Mayapan, ancient city of, 239.
Maya-Quiche linguistic stock, 104.
Mazahua language, the, 368, 372 _sq._
Meco language, the, 368.
Meconetzin, a name of Quetzalcoatl, 88.
Meday magic, figures in, 157.
Meda sticks of Chipeways, 228.
Medical practice among Delawares, 187.
Medicines of the Mayas, 272.
Medicine-songs, native, 292.
Mengwe, name of Iroquois, meaning of, 184.
Merida, ancient ruins at, 26, 233.
Messier Mound, the, 80.
Messianic hope, among natives, 183.
Messou, _see_ Michabo.
Meta river, tribes of, 329.
Metrical standards, native, 446–8.
Mexcalla, an island, 88.
Mexi _or_ Mexica, 85, 87.
Mexican phonetic writing, 205.
Mexitl, an Aztec chief, 88.
Mexico, ancient, 23, 84, 88, 282;
human remains in, 42.
Mexican grammar, 324, 341, 344, 346.
_See_ Aztec, Nahuatl.
Mexico-Tenochtitlan, 85.
Micmacs, mythology of, 130.
Michabo, a Chipeway deity, 131, 132–4.
Michoacan, 88.
Mictlan, the Aztec Hades, 143.
Mictlantecutli, the Aztec Pluto, 145.
Migration, lines of in America, 44, 45.
Minsi tribe, 181;
derivation of, 189.
Mississippi, the, 74, 77.
Mitla, ruins of, 448.
Mixteca language, the, 331, 345.
Mongolian affinities, alleged, of the American race, 56.
Mongolian eye, the, in America, 63.
Mongoloid traits in Americans, 38, 39, 56.
Monosyllabism in languages, 215.
Montejo, Francisco de, 233.
Montezuma, his hieroglyphs, 208, 209, 282;
his forebodings, 302.
Montezuma, Rio de, 86.
Months, hieroglyphs of, of Mayas, 265–7.
Moon, origin of, 125.
Moraines, the line of, in North America, 54.
Moteuczomatzin, 283.
Mound-Builders, their nationality, 67;
their metrical standard, 447.
Mounds in Ohio and Mississippi valleys, age of, 27.
Mural paintings, of Mayas, 254.
Muskokees, 71, 75.
Mutsun language, 386 _sq._
Mythology, interpretations of, 101.
Nabula, the book of, 259.
Nagualism, in Central America, 170.
Nahua ollin, the, 161.
Nahuatl hieroglyphs, dictionary of, 210;
geographic names, 210;
lineal measures, 444.
Nahuatl language, 23, 59, 205, 363, 366, 399;
love words in, 417.
Nahuas, tribes of, 22, 85, 418.
_See_ Aztecs, Mexicans.
Names, bestowal of, 114.
Nanabojoo, a Chipeway hero, 131.
Nanahuatl, an Aztec divinity, 116.
Nanih Waiya, the Sloping Hill, 80.
Nanticokes, native name of, 189.
Napiw, a Blackfoot hero, 131.
Nasal index in American Indians, 39, 64.
Natchez, 71, 77, 78, 463.
Navaho language, 394.
Nebraska, ancient lake-beds of, 31.
Nenaboj, a Chipeway hero, 131.
Neolithic period, the, 30, 51.
New England Indians, 131.
Newfoundland, natives of, 311.
New Granada, tribes of, 330;
languages, 400.
New Jersey, archæology of, 32, 53.
New Mexico, ruins in, 25.
New York State, earthworks in, 69.
Nezahualcoyotl, a chief, 445.
Nicaragua, ancient human footprints in, 42.
Night, master of the, 113.
Nim-ak, meaning of, 113.
Nine Waters, river of, 143.
Nith songs of Eskimo, 287.
Norsemen, myths of, 142.
North Pacific coast, tribes of, 65.
Northmen, voyages of, 22, note.
Nova Scotia, discovered by Northmen, 22.
Nun, the celestial river, 137, 139.
Numbers, sacred or mystic, 99.
_See_ Four, Seven, Twelve, etc.
Numerals, deficiency of, 326.
Numeration, Maya signs of, 268;
words for, 406.
Oblique eye as racial trait, 39, 63, 64.
Obsidian found in Ohio, 32.
Occipital bone in American skulls, 62.
Ocelotl, _or_ jaguar, in myths, 128.
Ocnakuchil, meaning of 237.
Ogier the Dane, 142.
Ohio, mounds in, 27, 67–81;
obsidian in, 32.
Ojibway picture writing, 153, 154.
Offogoula, tribe, 77.
Ollanta, drama of, 300.
Omagua language, 405.
Oriental symbols in America, 148 _sqq._
Origin of language, 317.
Orinoco, tribes of, 405.
Orizaba, inscribed stone at, 274.
Orosi, natives at, 375.
Os Incæ, the, in Americans, 62.
Osiris, the Egyptian god, 137–140.
Otchipwe language, the, 364.
Otherness, how expressed, 396.
Otomis, _or_ Othomis, the tribe, 117;
war songs, 298.
Otomi language, the, 59, 366 _sq._
Ouspie, tribe, 77.
Owl, superstitions concerning, 114, 169.
Pacaha, a province, 74.
Paducas, tribe of, 291.
Pah ah tun, Maya deities, 166, 173.
Palæoliths, American and other, 48.
Palæolithic period, the, 30, 51, 390.
Palæolithic man, his habitat, 54;
language, 390 _sq._
Palenque, the ruins of, 26, 84, 126, 254, 448.
Palpan, a place name, 87.
Pame language, the, 368, 373.
Pampas, lacrustine deposits of, 31;
skulls from, 40.
Papa, name of Quetzalcoatl, 99.
Paper of Maya MSS., 253.
Paradise, the Aztec, 144.
Patagonians, height of, 39.
Patine, as a sign of age, 51.
Pavant Indians, the, 321.
Pawnees, poetry of, 291–2.
Pech, a Maya priest, 302.
Pennsylvania, ancient works in, 70;
Indian names in, 309;
relics found in, 53.
Penobscots, mythology of, 130.
Personality, idea of in language, 320.
Peru, ruined cities of, 26.
Peruvians, language of, 397;
songs of, 300.
Peten, Lake, conquest of, 239.
Petroglyph, near Orizaba, 274.
Philosophy of language, 328.
Phonetic elements, origin of, 393.
Phonetics of Mexican and Maya writing, 195.
Phoneticism in writing, origin of, 216.
Picture writing, 213, 231;
Ojibways, 153, 154, 228;
of Mexicans, 221 _sq._
Pirinda language, the, 368, 372.
Pisote, the white, 113.
Pleasure, physiological principle of, 285.
Pleistocene epoch, human remains in, 29.
Plumed serpents, house of, 97.
Plummet, unknown in America, 442, 450.
Pluto, the Greek god, 141.
Poetry, native American, 284 _sq._
Pokonchi dialect, the, 104, 112.
Polished stone, period of, 50.
Polychromatic hieroglyphs, 223.
Polynesians, alleged migrations of, 18, 43.
Polysynthesis, explained, 36, 321, 351 _sq._
Pontemelo, ancient skull from, 40.
Pop, name of a Maya month, 249.
Popol Vuh, the, 105 _sq._
Potato, the, its extension, 33.
Pottery, designs on, 157, 159;
of Lenâpé, 185.
Pound-the-stones, Miss, 179.
Prehistoric archæology, 392.
Prepositions, in American languages, 345.
Pronominal languages, 320.
Pronouns, in American languages, 396–8.
Proper names, in early times, 218.
Prophecies of Mexicans and Mayas, 302.
Pueblo Indians, 25, 87.
Pulque, liquor made from, 254.
Quetzalcoatl, 24, 84 _sq._;
baths of, 86;
absent, 145.
Quiches, myths of, 104 _sq._, 124, 171;
dialect of the, 104, 423;
king of, 114;
lineal measures of, 433;
writing of, 228;
sacred book of, 105 _sq._, 171.
Qquichua language, the, 346, 365, 425;
traditions, 22;
love-words in, 425 _sq._
Qux cah, a sacred name, 116.
Qux cho, a sacred name, 116, 120.
Qux palo, a sacred name, 116.
Ra, the sun-god, 137, 140.
Rabbit myths, 112, 132, 179, 276.
Races of men, 348.
Rain, the gods of, 175.
“Rakan,” meaning of, 122.
Rattlesnake bites, cure for, 188.
“Rax,” in Quiche, meaning of, 118.
Raxa-cakulha, a Quiche god, 120.
Rebus, method of writing by, 211, 215, 219.
Red, as sacred color, 144, 166, 176.
Refref, serpent in Egyptian myth, 137.
Relative pronouns, in American languages, 346.
Religious sentiment, the, 432.
Remedies, native, 272.
Repetition, in poetry, 285.
Reproductive principle, worship of, 119.
Rhyme, unknown in native poetry, 285.
Ring-cross, the, 158.
Rio de Montezuma, 86.
Rio de Tula, 86.
Ritual of the dead, in Egypt, 139.
Rituals of Mayas, 247.
River, the celestial and infernal, 137–145.
Rock Bluff, skulls from, 40.
Rosetta stone, the, 218.
St. Augustine, Florida, 74, 75, 77.
St. John River, 74.
St. Louis, “big mound” at, 81.
San Isidro, stone relics from, 391.
Sacred book of the Quiches, 105, 107.
Saliva, in myths, 124.
Salonge, an ogre, 176.
Salt, magic power of, 171.
Sanscrit language, the, 340, 344, 415;
alleged affinity with Nahuatl, 57.
Sambaquis, shell heaps in Brazil, 28, 29.
Sarbacane, the, 109.
Sauteux, language of, 400.
Savacon, a Carib deity, 123.
Schipka cave, bones from, 390.
Sciences of the Mayas, 245.
Seminoles, 71, 77.
Semitic traditions, supposed in America, 21.
Serpent, as sacred animal, 116, 132, 133.
Serpent mount, the, 86.
Serpent, fabulous, of Mayas, 179.
Seven, as sacred number, 124, 129, 171, 439.
Seven Caves, land of the, 23.
Sex distinctions in grammar, 406.
Shell-heaps, the age of, 27;
in Florida, Tennessee, Costa Rica, Brazil, 28;
in Gulf States, 72.
Shooting stars, in myths, 174.
Shoshonian family, languages of, 23.
Signatures of natives, 234.
Skin, color of, in American Indians, 39.
Skull, shape of, in Americans, 63.
Skulls, types of, in Brazil, 29.
Sky, soul of the, 120.
Snake-Hill, the, 86.
Sodomy, not found in Yucatan, 235.
Sonora, languages of, 23.
Soto, Hernando de, his expedition, 72, 74.
Soul, seat of, 117;
food of the, 168;
Journey of the, 135–145.
Sound-writing, 213, 230.
Span, as measure, 441.
Speech, earliest form of, 390 _sq._
Speechless man, 390–392.
Spiral, development of the, 159, note.
Spittle, as genetic fluid, 124.
Squaw, word for, 181.
Stars, origin of, 125.
Stature of American Indians, 39.
Stone, age of, its subdivisions, 50;
survivals of, 183.
Stone and brick edifices, 25.
Stone of the Giants, 274 _sq._
Stone implements, oldest specimens, 391.
Stone, the clear, divination by, 165.
Stones, adoration of, 40;
column of, 70.
Storm, Quiche gods of, 120.
Straw bird, the, 179.
Sun-god, Aztec myth of, 116;
in Yucatan, 167.
Sun, origin of, 125;
worship in Egypt, 137–140;
in America, 146;
in picture writing, 156–8.
Sun worship in Apalacha, 76;
“brother of,” 77, 78;
the mother of, 119;
four motions of, 157, 161;
worship, 170;
place of the, 93;
creation of, 95;
rays of in symbolism, 146, 280.
Svastika, the, as a symbol, 148 _sqq._
Sweat lodge, of Lenâpé, 187.
Syllabic writing, 231.
Symbols, phonetic, 197;
the sacred, in America, 149 _sqq._
Symbolic writing, 213.
Syncope in American languages, 371.
Syphilis, sacred associations of, 115, 116, 144.
Taensa language, the hoax of, 452 _sq._
Ta Ki, a Chinese symbol, 148 _sqq._
Tales, Indian, 182.
Tamanaca language, the, 331.
Tamaulipas, Sierra of, 295.
Tampa Bay, mound at, 75.
Tamuch, a Huasteca town, 221.
Tarascas, a tribe, 228.
Tat Acmo, a Maya deity, 175.
Tata Polin, a Maya sprite, 170.
Tat Ich, a Maya sprite, 170.
Tennessee River, shell heaps on, 28.
Tenochtitlan, 25, 85, 100.
Tenochtitlan, state of, 23, 283.
Teotihuacan, ruins of, 446.
Tepeu, sacred name, meaning of, 115.
Terminos, Bahia de, 232.
Terraba language, the, 375 _sq._
Tertiary, human remains in, 43.
Tezcatlipoca, 85, 90;
the black and white, 96;
contests of, 98.
Tezcuco, State of, 23, 25, 86, 445.
Tezcucans, the, 367;
philosophy of, 154.
Thirteen, as sacred number, 161, 167.
T’Ho, native name of Merida, 26.
Thought-writing, 213, 230.
Three-legged figures, 149.
Thunder, in mythology, 174.
Tiahuanaco, ruins near, 26.
Tiger, as totemic animal, 114, 128.
Time, idea of, absent, 404.
Time-wheel, Mexican, 160, 161.
Timuquana tribe, 75.
Tin, use of, 86.
Tinné language, 35, 394, 400.
Tiribi language, the, 375 _sq._
Titicaca, Lake, ruins near, 26.
Tlacopan, State of, 23, 299.
Tlalocan, the Aztec Paradise, 144.
Tlalocs, Aztec rain-gods, 144.
Tlamapa, hieroglyph of, 225.
Tla-pallan, the place of colors, 87.
Tlapan, hieroglyph of, 224.
Tobacco, its origin and extension, 33.
Tollan, 93.
Tollanatl, the, 86, 96.
Toltecs, supposed mound-builders, 67;
their fabulous history, 24, 83–100;
their mythical home, 145.
Tomahawk, word for, 183.
Tomaka, a town, 77.
Tonacatecutli, an Aztec god, 96.
Tonalan, the sunny place, 93.
Topiltzin, king of Tula, 84.
Totem marks, as autographs, 234.
Totemic deities, 88, 113, 114;
divisions of Lenâpé, 189.
Tradition, permanence of, in savages, 22.
Transitions in verbs, 370.
Tree of Life, in Maya and Mexican art, 161.
Trenton gravels, objects discovered in, 32, 53.
Trepanned skulls from Peru, 188.
Trephining, among the Lenâpé, 188.
Tribute rolls of ancient Mexicans, 231.
Triplicate constitution of things, 154.
Triple division of the human race, 57.
Triquetrum, as a symbol, 149 _sqq._
Triskeles, a sacred symbol, 149 _sqq._
Tucurrique, tribes at, 375.
Tula, the story of, 83–100;
derivation, 93.
Tupi, the language, 323, 343, 380 _sq._, 400;
love words in, 428.
Turanian languages, 58.
Turtle totem of Lenâpé, 189.
Twins, the divine, 125.
Twelve, as sacred number, 187.
Tzendal dialect, 126.
Tzontemoc, Aztec deity, 146.
Tzontemoc mictlan tecutli, 278–9.
Tzutuhil dialect, the, 104, 434.
Ua ua pach, a Maya god, 176.
Ucita, a town in Florida, 75.
Underworld, the, in Quiche myth, 125;
in other tribes, 128.
Uniter, the Great, 150.
Unwritten languages, study of, 305.
Ural-Altaic languages, 58.
Ursua, General, expedition of, 239.
Usumasinta, river, 126.
Ute language, the, 323.
Utlatlan, a Quiche city, 124.
Vaku, a Quiche god, 123.
Valladolid, in Yucatan, 236.
Vancouver’s Island, tribes on, 22;
black slate from, 32.
Vara, Spanish, length of, 436, 446.
Verb, the American, 347, 405.
Verb, in Algonkin grammar, 190.
Vineland, its position, 22, note.
Virginia, antiquities of, 70.
Virginia, West, Cherokees in, 82.
Virgin-mother, the myths of, 95, 96, 124, 125.
Visuaires, primitive men were, 408.
Vizeitas, tribe, 375.
Vowels, permutable, 398;
significance of, 394.
Vuch, the opossum, etc., 111.
Vukub-came, a Quiche god, 124.
Vukub-hun-ahpu, a Quiche god, 124.
Wampum, use among Lenapé, 188.
Warraus, height of, 39.
War clubs, 183.
War Songs of Aztecs, 299 _sq._
War-whoop, name for, 184.
Way cot, a Maya imp, 178.
Weighing, unknown in America, 434, 449.
West, as abode of souls, 141–144.
West Indies, no palæoliths in, 42, 55;
native tribes of, 310.
Wetucks, a hero-god, 131.
Wheels, of Mayas, for computing time, 264.
Wheel-cross, the, 158.
White, as sacred color, 113, 132, 166, 186, 188.
Wigwams of Lenâpé, 185.
Winds, the gods of, 123, 175.
Winter-counts, of Dakotas, 139.
Wisakketjâk, a Cree hero, 131, 132.
Wives, buying, 424.
Wooden utensils of Lenâpé, 185.
Woods, the Man of the, 176.
Words, number of in American tongues, 325.
Writing, different methods of, 213, 230.
Xbalanque, the Quiche hero-god, 123–129.
X bolon thoroch, a Maya imp, 178.
X’Kanleox, a Maya goddess, 166.
Xibalba, the Quiche Hades, 84, 123–129.
Xipacoyan, a river, 86.
Xmucane, a Quiche goddess, 118, 119, 122, 124.
Xocotitlan, a place name, 93.
Xochicalco, hieroglyph of, 282.
Xpiyacoc, a Quiche deity, 118, 119, 124.
Xquiq, the Virgin mother, 124.
X tabai, a Maya sprite, 178.
X Thoh Chaltun, a Maya sprite, 178.
Yancopek, a Maya imp, 178.
Yasous, tribe, 77.
Ycasqui, a province, 74.
Year counts, of natives, 159, 160.
Yellow, symbolism of, 166, 167.
Yin and Yang, 151.
Yucatan, ancient, 302;
folk-lore of, 163;
dialects in, 104;
civilization of, 84;
ruins in, 26;
legendary peopling of, 24.
Yum cim-il, a Maya divinity, 169.
Yurari, the language, 329.
Zaki-nim-ak, name of a god, 113.
Zaki-nima-tzyiz, 113.
Zapote, superstition concerning, 169.
Zapotecs, a Mexican tribe, 228.
Zaztun, the, of Mayas, 165.
Zohol chich, a phantom bird, 179.
Zuñis, the, 108.
-----
Footnote 1:
Prof. H. W. Haynes, in _The Narrative and Critical History of
America_, p. 329. Edited by Justin Winsor. Boston, 1889.
Footnote 2:
This paper was my address as vice-president of the American
Association for the Advancement of Science, before the Section of
Anthropology, at the meeting in 1887. I have added the foot notes, and
revised the text.
Footnote 3:
_Vues des Cordillières, et Monumens des Peuples Indigènes de
l’Amérique._ Introduction.
Footnote 4:
See F. Michel, _Dix-huit Ans chez les Sauvages. Voyages et Missions de
Mgr. Henry Faraud_ (Paris, 1866), and Emile Petitot, _Monographie des
Dènè-Dindjié_? (Paris, 1876).
Footnote 5:
Professor Gustav Storm has rendered it probable that the Vineland of
the Northmen was not further south than Nova Scotia. See his _Studies
on the Vineland Voyages_, in _Mems. de la Société Royale des
Antiquaires du Nord._, 1888.
Footnote 6:
Such was the opinion of the late José Fernando Ramirez, one of the
most acute and learned of Mexican antiquaries. See his words in Orozco
y Berra’s Introduction to the _Cronica_ of Tezozomoc, p. 213 (Mexico,
1878).
Footnote 7:
_Die Spuren der Aztekischen Sprache in Nördlichen Mexiko_, etc.
(Berlin, 1859.)
Footnote 8:
I would refer the reader who cares to pursue this branch of the
subject to my analysis of these stories in _The Myths of the New
World_ (second ed., New York, 1876), and _American Hero-Myths_
(Philadelphia, 1882).
Footnote 9:
The results of the recent “Hemenway South-western Exploring
Expedition” do not in the least invalidate this statement.
Footnote 10:
A brief but most interesting description of these monuments is
preserved in a letter to the Emperor Charles V. by the Friar Lorenzo
de Bienvenida, written from Yucatan in 1548.
Footnote 11:
_Las Ruinas de Tiahuanaco._ Por Bartolomé Mitre. (Buenos Ayres, 1879.)
Footnote 12:
This assertion was attacked by Dr. C. C. Abbott, in an address before
the American Association in 1888 (_Proceedings_, Vol. XXXVII, p. 308).
But if we assume the mediæval period of European history to have begun
with the fall of the Western Empire, I do not retire from my position.
Footnote 13:
D. G. Brinton, _The Floridian Peninsula, its Literary History, Indian
Tribes and Antiquities_, p. 177–181 (Philadelphia, 1859). The
shell-heaps along the Tennessee River I described in the _Annual
Report of the Smithsonian Institution_, for 1866, p. 356.
Footnote 14:
His accounts were principally in the Fourth and Seventh _Reports of
the Peabody Museum_.
Footnote 15:
See the _Verhandlungen der Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie_,
1886, 1887, 1888.
Footnote 16:
I have brought out the distinction between the epoch of simple
implements and that of compound implements in an article which is
reprinted in this collection. The expressions “early” and “late”
applied to these epochs do not refer to absolute periods of time, but
are relative to the progress of individual civilizations.
Footnote 17:
Exceptions are some of the Floridian shell-heaps and a limited number
elsewhere.
Footnote 18:
Florentine Ameghino, _La Antiguedad del Hombre en el Plata_, Tomo II,
p. 434, _et al._ (Buenos Ayres, 1881.) The bow and arrow, being a
compound implement, nowhere belonged to the earliest stage of human
culture. See also H. W. Haynes’ article, “The Bow and Arrow unknown to
Palæolithic Man,” in _Proceedings of Boston Soc. Nat. History_, Vol.
XXIII.
Footnote 19:
Dr. C. C. Abbott, the discoverer and principal explorer of these
gravels, reported his discoveries in numerous papers, and especially
in his work _Primitive Industry_, chap. xxxii.
Footnote 20:
_Expedition durch Central-Brasilien_, pp. 310–314 (Leipzig, 1886).
Footnote 21:
The reference is to Mr. Horatio Hale’s Address “On the Origin of
Language and the Antiquity of Speaking Man.” See _Proc. of the Am.
Assoc. for the Adv. of Science_, vol. xxxv., p. 239, sq.
Footnote 22:
_Ethnographie der Republik Guatemala_, p. 157 (Zurich, 1884).
Footnote 23:
See Howse, _Grammar of the Cree Language_, p. 143, sqq.
Footnote 24:
This question is discussed in more detail in the next essay.
Footnote 25:
_L’Homme Americain_, Tome I, p. 126. The tribe is the Guarayos, an
offshoot of the Guaranis.
Footnote 26:
_Zeitschrift für Ethnologie_, 1884, p. 181.
Footnote 27:
Since this address was delivered Mr. H. T. Cresson has reported the
finding of chipped implements made of argillite in a deposit of
mid-glacial age on the banks of the Delaware River—_Proc. Boston Soc.
Nat. Hist._ vol. xxiv; and portions of two skeletons completely
converted into limonite have been exhibited at the Academy of Natural
Sciences, Philadelphia, from a deposit in Florida, _below_ one
containing the remains of the extinct giant bison.
Footnote 28:
I have discussed this fully in a paper in the _Proceedings_ of the
Amer. Philosoph. Soc. for 1887, entitled “On an Ancient Human
Footprint from Nicaragua.”
Footnote 29:
Man must have descended from the catarrhine division of the
anthropoids, none of which occur in the New World. See Darwin, _The
Descent of Man_, p. 153.
Footnote 30:
Address at the British Association for the Adv. of Science, 1887.
Footnote 31:
His article, which was first printed in the _North American Review_,
1870, may be found in Beach’s _Indian Miscellany_, p. 158 (Albany,
1877).
Footnote 32:
The subject of an address before the American Association for the
Advancement of Science in 1888, with revision.
Footnote 33:
The earliest publication I made on this subject was in an article on
Pre-historic Archæology, contributed to _The Iconographic
Encyclopædia_ (Vol. II, p. 28, Philadelphia, 1886).
Footnote 34:
A possible exception may have been along the line of the Mississippi
River, where a palæolithic workshop appears to have been discovered
above St. Paul, by Miss Babbitt.
Footnote 35:
This Paper was read before the American Association for the
Advancement of Science, at its meeting in Cleveland, 1888.
Footnote 36:
See Foley, _Des Trois Grandes Races Humaines_, Paris, 1881.
Footnote 37:
_Uralaltaische Völker und Sprachen_, p. 167. I do not think that the
verbal coincidences pointed out by Petitot in his _Monographie des
Déné Dindjé_, and by Platzmann in his _Amerikanisch-Asiatische
Etymologien_, merit serious consideration.
Footnote 38:
Brinton, in _Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society_, for
1885; Charencey, _Mélanges de Philologie et Palaéographie Américaine_,
p. 80 (Paris, 1883). See also a later Essay in this volume.
Footnote 39:
This example of misdirected erudition may be seen in the _Anales del
Museo Nacional de Mexico_. Tomo I.
Footnote 40:
Prof. Morse has also pointed out to me that the Mongolian
arrow-release—one of the most characteristic of all releases—has been
nowhere found on the American continent. This is an important fact,
proving that neither as hunters nor conquerors did any stray Mongols
leave a mark on American culture.
Footnote 41:
Hovelacque et Hervé, _Anthropologie_, pp. 231, 234, 236; and on the
Inca bone, see Dr. Washington Matthews in the _American
Anthropologist_, vol. II., p. 337.
Footnote 42:
In _Verhandlungen der Berliner Anthrop. Gesellschaft_, 1881–82.
Footnote 43:
Dr. Franz Boas, whose accurate studies of the Indians of the Northwest
coast are well known, informs me that he has rarely or never noted the
oblique eye among them. Yet precisely on that coast we should look for
it, if the Mongolian theory has any foundation. Dr. Ranke’s recent
studies have proved the oblique eye to be merely an arrest of
development.
Footnote 44:
_Elements d’ Anthropologie_, p. 1003.
Footnote 45:
When this paper appeared in _Science_ (September 14th, 1888), it led
to a reply from Dr. H. F. C. Ten Kate, of Leyden, who had published
various studies endeavoring to prove the Mongoloid character of the
American race. His arguments, however, were merely a repetition of
those which I believe I have refuted in the above article, and for
that reason I do not include the discussion.
Footnote 46:
_The North Americans of Antiquity_, p. 106, (1880.)
Footnote 47:
_The Mound-Builders_, chap. xii, (Cinn., 1879.)
Footnote 48:
_Pre-Historic Races of the United States of America_, pp. 388, 347,
(Chicago, 1873.)
Footnote 49:
_Transactions of the Anthropological Society of Washington, D. C._, p.
116, (1881.)
Footnote 50:
_History of the Five Nations_, Introduction, p. 16 (London, 1750).
Footnote 51:
_Meurs des Sauvages Américains comparés aux Meurs du Premiers Temps_,
chap. xiii.
Footnote 52:
_Journal Historique_, p. 377.
Footnote 53:
_Wanderings of an Artist among the Indians of North America_, p. 3
(London, 1859).
Footnote 54:
H. R. Schoolcraft, _Notes on the Iroquois_, pp. 162, 163, compare pp.
66, 67.
Footnote 55:
Squier and Davis, _Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley_, p.
44.
Footnote 56:
_Aboriginal Monuments of the State of New York_, p. 11.
Footnote 57:
Mr. S. Taylor, _American Journal of Science_, vol. xliv, p. 22.
Footnote 58:
_History of Virginia_, book ii, chap. iii, ch. viii.
Footnote 59:
See a well-prepared article on this subject by Prof. Finch, in the
_American Journal of Science_, vol. vii, p. 153.
Footnote 60:
_History of Virginia_, bk. iii, chap. vii.
Footnote 61:
_Travels_, p. 367 (Dublin, 1793).
Footnote 62:
_History of the North American Indians_, p. 184. See note at end of
this Essay.
Footnote 63:
_Relatione que fece Alvaro Nurez, detto Capo di Vacca_, Ramusio,
_Viaggi_, tom. iii, fol. 317, 323 (Venice, 1556.)
Footnote 64:
La Vega, _Historia de la Florida_, Lib. ii, cap. xxii.
Footnote 65:
Ibid, Lib. vi, cap. vi. See for other examples from this work: Lib.
ii, cap. xxx, Lib. iv, cap. xi, Lib. v, cap. iii, etc.
Footnote 66:
_Relation de ce qui arriva pendant le Voyage du Capitaine Soto_, p. 88
(Ed. Ternaux Compans).
Footnote 67:
_Proceedings_ of the American Philosophical Society, 1879–1880.
Footnote 68:
_Histoire Notable de la Floride_, pp. 138, 164, etc.
Footnote 69:
_Brevis Narratio_, in De Bry, _Peregrinationes in Americam_, Pars. ii,
Tab. xl, (1591.)
Footnote 70:
Alcazar, _Chrono-Historia de la Compania de Jesus en la Provincia de
Toledo_, Tom. ii, Dec. iii, cap. vi, (Madrid, 1710.)
Footnote 71:
_The Present State of His Majestie’s Isles and Territories in
America_, p. 156, (London, 1667.)
Footnote 72:
_The Floridian Peninsula_, p. 95, sqq. (Phila. 1859.)
Footnote 73:
Bartram MSS., in the Library of the Pennsylvania Historical Society.
Footnote 74:
_Narrative of Occola Nikkanoche, Prince of Econchatti_, by his
Guardian, pp. 71–2, (London, 1841.)
Footnote 75:
_Annals_, in Louisiana _Hist. Colls._, p. 196.
Footnote 76:
_Memoires Historiques de la Louisiane_, Tome ii, p. 109.
Footnote 77:
_Letters Edifiantes et Curieuses_, Tome. i, p. 261.
Footnote 78:
_History of Louisiana_, vol. ii, p. 188, (Eng. Trans., London, 1763.)