Bedford, and the region round about, until the 7th of March, 1838,
when he returned to Preston, leaving about forty members in charge
of Elder James Lavender. Elder Russell continued to labor in
Alston, Brampton, &c, and returned to Preston near the same time,
leaving about sixty member in the care of Elder Jacob Peart.
At Christmas, 1837, Priest Joseph Fielding was ordained Elder, and
several were ordained Teachers, &c., at Preston; and in March,
1838, the Church had extended from Preston to Penwortham, Longton,
Southport, Eccleston Whittle, Hunter's Hill, Chorley, and the
intermediate region, through the labors of Elders Hyde, Kimball,
and Fielding, and the members amounted to several hundreds in the
regions of Preston and Clitheroe. During this month, Elders Kimball
and Hyde were diligently engaged in organizing the different
branches; and on the first of April a general conference was called
at Preston, when the organization of the churches was completed,
and many were ordained, among whom were Elders Joseph Fielding,
Willard Richards, and William Clayton to the High Priesthood, [_i.
e_. they were ordained High Priests], and set apart by Elders
Kimball and Hyde to preside over all the churches in England.
On the 9th, Elders Kimball, Hyde and Russell took leave of the
Saints in Preston, and went to Liverpool, where they were visited
by Elders Fielding, Richards, Clayton, and others, and on the 20th
of April, sailed for New York, on board the _Garrick_, the same
ship they came out on to England.
When Elders Fielding and Richards had returned to Longton, they
found a pamphlet, purporting to be written by the Rev. Richard
Livesey, a Methodist minister, who had spent some time on a mission
to the United States, as he says, and having nothing more important
to attend to during his mission, it appears that he spent his
time in gathering up a heap of lies and filth from the American
papers, and imported them to England on his return; and finding
that the work of God had commenced in his native land, and was
likely to destroy his craft, set himself at work to condense his
heterogeneous mass of trans-Atlantic lies, and form the wonderful
production of the Rev. Richard Livesey's tract against the
Latter-day Saints; it being the first thing of the kind that the
enemy of all righteousness had found means to export from America,
and circulate in England; but since which he has found servants in
abundance, to assist in this nefarious merchandise of his heart's
delight.
The Church at this time was in its infancy, and needed much
instruction, which necessarily occupied the attention of the
presiding Elders to a great extent; and as there were few laborers
in the field, the spread of the work was not very rapid for some
time.
{321} Sister Alice Hodgin died at Preston on the 2nd of September,
1838; and it was such a wonderful thing for a Latter-day Saint
to die in England, that Elder Richards was arraigned before the
Mayor's Court at Preston, on the 3rd of October, charged with
"killing and slaying" the said Alice with a "black stick," &c., but
was discharged without being permitted to make his defense, as soon
as it was discovered that the iniquity of his accusers was about to
be made manifest.
October 19, 1838, Elder Clayton gave himself wholly to the work,
and soon after commenced preaching and baptizing in Manchester, and
from thence the work spread into Stockport, and other places in
the neighborhood, through the labors of Elders Clayton, Fielding,
John Moon, and David Wilding. A small church had previously sprung
up in Bolton, through the labors of Elder David Wilding, and was
continued by Elder Amos Fielding.
In the summer of 1839 Elders Clayton Richards, and John Moon,
labored in Burslem, with some success, and a small church was
planted in Burnley by Elder Thomas Richardson, besides many who
were added in the older branches, through the instrumentality of
the local Elders and Priests, who were generally very faithful.
December 8, 1839, Elders Hiram Clark, Alexander Wright, and Samuel
Mulliner arrived in Preston from America; and on the 25th, Brothers
Wright and Mulliner started for Scotland and soon commenced
preaching and baptizing in Paisley and vicinity.
January 13, 1840, Elders Wilford Woodruff, John Taylor, and
Theodore Turley arrived in Preston, from America; and on the
18th Brothers Woodruff and Turley started for the Potteries in
Staffordshire, passing through Manchester; and on the 22nd, Elder
Taylor left for Liverpool.
April 6, 1840, just ten years from the organization of the Church,
Elders Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, Parley P. Pratt, Orson
Pratt, George A. Smith, and Reuben Hedlock, landed in Liverpool
from New York; and on the 9th Elder Kimball arrived in Preston,
just two years from the day he left for America.
The arrival of the Elders caused the Saints to rejoice exceedingly,
for it had been prophesied by many (not of the Church), that they
would never come, and that Elders Kimball and Hyde would never
return, but they are both now in England, Elder Orson Hyde having
arrived in Liverpool on the 3rd instant from New York.
Heber C. Kimball,
Orson Hyde,
Willard Richards.
Preston, March 24, 1841.
{322}
Chapter XVII.
Celebration of the Twelfth Anniversary of the Organization of the
Church--Order of Laying Corner-Stones of Temples--Council Meetings of
the Twelve in England.
_March, 25, 26 and 27, 1841_.--Elders Young and Richards were detained
at the Liverpool post office, as witnesses in the case of "The Queen
vs. Joseph Holloway," for detaining letters.
_Saturday, 27_.--Elders Wilford Woodruff, and Geo. A. Smith attended
a council of the official members of the Staffordshire Conference, at
Hanley.
[Sidenote: Staffordshire Conference.]
_Sunday, 28_.--Elders Wilford Woodruff and George A. Smith attended
a general meeting of the Staffordshire Conference at Hanley, when 13
branches were represented, containing 1 High Priest, 17 Elders, 55
Priests, 25 Teachers, 14 Deacons, and 663 members. Thomas J. Filcher,
J. Taylor, Osmond Shaw, W. Ridge, and H. Ridge were ordained Elders,
also 8 Priests, 7 Teachers, and 2 Deacons, under the hands of Wilford
Woodruff, Geo. A. Smith, and Alfred Cordon. There have been 141
baptized during the past three months.
[Sidenote: Union of Commerce and Nauvoo Plats.]
_Monday, 29_.--I attended city council, and moved that the city
surveyor be ordered to survey Commerce, and plat the same so as to
correspond with the city plat of Nauvoo, and make out a map to be
recorded, which was carried by the Council. Much was said in council
about fining the owners of dogs, and I contended that it was right to
fine individuals {323} who would keep unruly dogs, to worry cattle,
sheep, or the citizens, and an ordinance was passed to that effect.
William Marks, president of the stake at Nauvoo, made choice of Charles
C. Rich and Austin Cowles as his counselors.
Elders Young and Richards were at Liverpool packing Books of Mormon, to
pay off those who had loaned them money in order to carry forward the
printing and binding.
The following are extracts from Elder Woodruff's letter.
_Letter of Wilford Woodruff to Don C. Smith--Relating to Affairs in
England_.
Burslem, March 29, 1841.
Brother Don Carlos Smith:--The following is a brief sketch of my
journey from London to this place. Elder Kimball left London on
the 19th February. I left on the 26th, and arrived at Bristol on
the same day, where I found Elder Kington, who was busily engaged
in the work of the Lord in that city, and had established a small
branch of fourteen members. I tarried there a short time and
preached three times in a theatre, had large congregations, good
attention, and baptized one, and there appears a good prospect of
a work being done in that city. Population of Bristol, 200,000.
While there I visited the suspension bridge, now erecting across
the river Avon, at St. Vincent's Rocks, Clifton; which bridge is
one hundred feet in height above the river, and seven hundred in
length. I spent one evening in Monmouth, on the borders of Wales;
preached to a large congregation; several applied for baptism
after meeting. On the 8th of March I attended a conference in
Garway; Elder Levi Richards was chosen president, and James Morgan,
clerk; heard four branches represented, containing one hundred
and thirty-four members; three were ordained to the ministry. I
also preached at Lugwardine, Shucknall Hill, Ledbury, Dymock, and
Turkey Hall to large congregations, and find the work of the Lord
still progressing throughout that region. The excitement upon the
subject in the city of Hereford has been so great, that it has
assembled together in the market place three thousand persons at
a time to hear something upon the cause of the Latter-day Saints.
On the 15th of March I attended the Gadfield Elm conference, which
met at the Gadfield Elm Chapel. Elder Wilford Woodruff was chosen
president; John Hill, clerk; 18 branches represented, containing
408 members, 8 Elders, 32 Priests, 11 Teachers {324} and 1 Deacon;
when such business was transacted as was deemed necessary. I also
met large congregations at Keysend Street, Coldville, Browcut;
Dunclose, Froom's Hill, and Stanley Hill, and left many churches
on the right and left, which time would not permit me to visit.
I also met with the Froom's Hill conference, on the 22nd March,
at Stanley Hill, Herefordshire, there being present one of the
traveling High Council, 2 High Priests, 20 Elders, 30 Priests, 9
Teachers, two Deacons. Elder Levi Richards was chosen president,
and Elder Woodruff, clerk. On this occasion I heard represented
30 branches, containing 997 members, 24 Elders, 66 Priests, 27
Teachers, 7 Deacons, and 6 were ordained to the ministry. The
sum total represented at these conferences was 1,539 members, 36
Elders, 103 Priests, 41 Teachers, 7 Deacons; all of whom have
embraced the work in that part of the vineyard in one year, besides
many members and officers who have emigrated to America; and I am
happy to say that the officers and members, have universally been
ready to hearken to counsel, and give heed to our instructions, and
it was with no ordinary feelings that I took my farewell of those
churches who have been so ready to receive and embrace the truth. I
called upon the Saints in Birmingham and Gret's Green, but had not
time to hold any meetings among them. I arrived in Hanley on the
25th, where I had the privilege of again meeting with Elder Geo. A.
Smith, and was rejoiced to find the churches universally prospering
in Staffordshire. I spent one evening with the church at Longton,
and baptized seven.
_Tuesday, 30_.--Elders Woodruff and Geo. A. Smith arrived in
Manchester, after a ride of forty miles.
_Wednesday, 31_.--Elders Young and Richards attended conference in
Liverpool.
_Thursday, April 1, 1841_.--Elders Young and Richards went to
Manchester, where they found Elders Kimball, Hyde, Woodruff and Smith,
and had a happy meeting.
_Friday, 2_.--Elders Orson Pratt and John Taylor arrived at Manchester
and went into council.
_Minutes of a Council Meeting of the Twelve_.
Manchester, England, April 2, 1841.
This day Elders Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, Orson Hyde, Parley
P. Pratt, Orson Pratt, Willard Richards, Wilford Woodruff, John
Taylor and Geo. A. Smith, of the quorum of the Twelve, met together
at the house of Brother James Bushaw, coachman No. 4, Gray Street,
near Oxford road, in this city, in council, after having been {325}
separated and sent into various counties. To meet once more in
council after a long separation, and having passed through many
sore and grievous trials, exposing our lives and our characters
to the slanders and violence of wicked and murderous men, caused
our hearts to swell with gratitude to God for His providential
care over us. Elder Young opened the council by prayer. Elders
Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, and Parley P. Pratt, the committee
appointed about a year ago to secure a copyright for the Book of
Mormon, in the name of Joseph Smith, Jun., presented the following
certificate:
"Feb. 8, 1841. Then entered for his copy--the property of Joseph
Smith, Jun.,--'The Book of Mormon; an account written by the hand
of Mormon, upon plates taken from the plates of Nephi; translated
by Joseph Smith, Jun. First European, from the second American
edition. Received five copies.
"George Greenhill."
"The above is a true copy of an entry in the register book of
the Company of Stationers kept, at the hall of the said company.
Witness my hand, this 17th day of February, 1841.
"George Greenhill,
Warehouse-keeper of the Company of Stationers."
The quorum voted that they accepted the labors of said Committee.
_Resolved_: That as the quorum of the Twelve have had nothing to
do with the printing of the Book of Mormon, they will not now
interfere with it, but that the said Committee settle the financial
or business matters thereof with Joseph Smith, Jun., to whom the
profits rightly belong.
_Resolved_: That Elder Amos Fielding be appointed to superintend
fitting out the Saints from Liverpool to America, under the
instruction of Parley P. Pratt.
_Resolved_: That Brother Geo. J. Adams go to Bedford and
Northampton and labor in that region.
Adjourned till tomorrow at 10 o'clock, a. m.; Elder Kimball closed
by prayer.
Orson Hyde, Clerk.
_Council Meeting of the Twelve--Continued_.
Manchester, April 3, 1841.
This day the quorum of the Twelve met pursuant to adjournment. The
president called upon Elder Hyde to open by prayer. The quorum then
signed a letter of commendation to the churches in England for
Elder Hyde.
The business of publishing the _Star_ and hymn-book was then taken
into consideration. Brother John Taylor moved that those who have
had the care and superintendence of publishing the _Star_ and
hymn-book, {326} should dispose of them according to their own
wishes, and dispose of the proceeds in the same way; seconded by
Elder Orson Pratt, and carried by unanimous vote. Moved by Elder
Young, and seconded by Elder Kimball, that Elder Parley P. Pratt
conduct the publication of the _Millennial Star_ as editor of the
same, after the close of the present volume. _Resolved_, that Elder
Parley P. Pratt reprint the hymn-book if he deem it expedient.
The hymn-book is not to be altered, except the typographical
errors. The above resolution was moved by Elder Geo. A. Smith, and
seconded by Elder Wilford Woodruff; carried unanimously. Conference
adjourned.
Orson Hyde, Clerk.
_Sunday, 4_.--The President of the United States, William Henry
Harrison died at Washington of the pleurisy.
Nine of the Twelve at Manchester attended meeting at Carpenter's hall,
and individually bore testimony of the fulness of the everlasting
Gospel.
_Council Meeting of the Twelve--Continued_.
Manchester, April 5, 1841.
Met pursuant to adjournment. Elder Orson Pratt opened the council
by prayer. It was resolved that the 17th day of April be the day
appointed for the Twelve who are going to America, to set sail from
Liverpool. Moved by Elder Kimball and seconded by Elder Woodruff
that the Twelve do business at the conference as a quorum, and call
upon the Church or conference to sanction it. Adjourned till the
6th instant, to meet in general conference at Carpenter's Hall, at
10 o'clock a. m.
O. Hyde, Clerk.
[Sidenote: Twelfth Anniversary of the Organization of the Church.]
_April 6, 1841_.--The first day of the twelfth year of the Church
of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints! At an early hour the several
companies comprising the "Nauvoo Legion," with two volunteer companies
from Iowa Territory, making sixteen companies in all, assembled at
their several places of rendezvous, and were conducted in due order
to the ground assigned for general review. The appearance, order and
movements of the Legion, were chaste, grand and imposing, and reflected
great credit upon the taste, skill and tact of the men comprising said
Legion. We doubt whether the like can be presented in {327} any other
city in the western country. At half-past seven o'clock a. m., the
fire of artillery announced the arrival of Brigadier-Generals Law and
Don Carlos Smith, at the front of their respective cohorts; and at 8
o'clock Major-General Bennett was conducted to his post, under the
discharge of cannon, and took command of the Legion.
At half-past nine o'clock a. m., Lieutenant-General Smith, with his
guard, staff and field officers arrived at the ground, and were
presented with a beautiful silk national flag by the ladies of Nauvoo,
which was respectfully received and hailed by the firing of cannon, and
borne off by Colonel Robinson, the cornet, to the appropriate position
in the line; after which the Lieutenant-General with his suite passed
the lines in review.
At twelve m., the procession arrived upon the Temple ground,
enclosing the same in a hollow square, with Lieutenant-General
Smith, Major-General Bennett, Brigadier-Generals Wilson Law and
Don Carlos Smith, their respective staffs, guard, field officers,
distinguished visitors, choir, band, &c., in the centre, and the ladies
and gentlemen, citizens, surrounding in the interior. The superior
officers, together with the banner, architects, principal speaker, &c.,
were duly conducted to the stand at the principal corner stone, and the
religious services were commenced by singing from page 65 of the new
hymn book.
[Sidenote: Sidney Rigdon's Speech.]
President Sidney Rigdon then addressed the assembly, and remarked the
circumstances under which he addressed the people were of no ordinary
character, but of peculiar and indescribable interest, that it was the
third occasion of a similar nature, wherein he had been called upon
to address the people, and to assist in laying the corner stones of
houses to be erected in honor of the God of the Saints. Various scenes
had transpired since the first was laid--he with some who were with
him on that occasion, had waded through scenes that no other people
had ever seen--not cursed, but blessed {328} with. They had seen the
blood of the innocent flow, and heard the groans of those dying for the
witness of Jesus; in all those scenes of tribulation, his confidence,
his courage and his joy had been increasing instead of diminishing.
Now the scene had changed; persecution had in a measure subsided;
peace and safety, friendship and joy crowned their assembling; and
their endeavors to serve God were respected and viewed with interest.
The Saints had assembled, not to violate law and trample upon equity
and good social order; not to devastate and destroy; but to lift up
the standard of liberty and law, to stand in defense of civil and
religious, rights, to protect the innocent, to save mankind, and
to obey the will and mandate of the Lord of glory; to call up to
remembrance the once crucified, but now exalted and glorified Savior;
to say that He is again revealed, that He speaks from the heavens,
that He reigns; in honor of Him to tell the world that He lives, and
speaks, and reigns and dictates--that not every people can build a
house to Him, but that people whom He Himself directs--that the present
military display is not to usurp authority, but to obey as they are
commanded and directed; to honor, not the world, but Him that is alive
and reigns, the all in all, the invisible, but beholding, and guiding
and directing--that the Saints boast of their King; of His wisdom, His
understanding, His power and His goodness--that they honor a God of
unbounded power and glory--that He is the chief corner stone in Zion,
also the top stone--that He cannot be conquered--that He is working
in the world to guide, to conquer, and to subdue--that as formerly,
so now He works by revelation--that this is the reason why we are
here, and why we are thus--that the Saints have sacrificed all things
for the testimony of Jesus Christ--that some from different parts of
Europe and from Canada, as well as the different parts of the United
States, are present, and among all, a unanimity of purpose and feeling
prevails--and why? Because the same God over all had spoken {329} from
the heavens and again revealed Himself. He remarked that he defied
the devil to collect such an assembly; none but Jesus would or could
accomplish such things as we are about to behold; the devil will not
build up, but tear down and destroy; the work of Jesus is like Himself
in all ages--that as light shines from the east, and spreads itself
to the west, so is the progress of spiritual light and truth--that
Jesus is a God of order, regularity and uniformity--that he works now
by revelation and by messengers as anciently--shows Himself--lifts
the veil; that such things are marvelous, but nevertheless true--that
the order of laying the corner stones was expressive of the order of
the kingdom--that the minutia were subject matter of revelation, and
all the scenery, acts of obedience are understood by the Saints--that
the ancient Prophets beheld and rejoiced at this scene, and are near
to witness the fulfillment of their predictions--that we are highly
favored of God, and brought near to the spirits of just men made
perfect. He then closed by exhortation, first to the multitude, and
lastly to the Church. The speaker then gave out a hymn, page 205, and
closed by prayer.
The architects then, by the direction of the First Presidency, lowered
the first (the south-east corner) stone to its place, and President
Joseph Smith pronounced the benediction as follows:
This principal corner stone in representation of the First
Presidency, is now duly laid in honor of the Great God; and may
it there remain until the whole fabric is completed; and may the
same be accomplished speedily; that the Saints may have a place to
worship God, and the Son of Man have where to lay His head.
President Sidney Rigdon then pronounced the following:
May the persons employed in the erection of this house be preserved
from all harm while engaged in its construction, till the whole is
completed, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the
Holy Ghost. Even so. Amen.
Adjourned for one hour.
{330} Assembled according to adjournment, and proceeded to lay the
remaining corner stones, according to previous order.
The second (south-west corner) stone, by the direction of the president
of the High Priesthood, with his council and President Marks, was
lowered to its place, when the president of the High Priesthood
pronounced the following:
The second corner stone of the Temple now building by the Church
of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, in honor of the Great God,
is duly laid, and may the same unanimity, that has been manifested
on this occasion continue till the whole is completed; that peace
may rest upon it to the laying of the top stone thereof, and the
turning of the key thereof; that the Saints may participate in the
blessings of Israel's God, within its walls, and the glory of God
rest upon the same. Amen.
The third (the north-west corner) stone, superintended by the High
Council, was then lowered to its place, with the benediction of Elias
Higbee, as follows:
The third corner stone is now duly laid; may this stone be a firm
support to the building that the whole may be completed as before
proposed.
The fourth (the north-east corner) stone, superintended by the Bishops,
was then lowered to its place, and Bishop Whitney pronounced the
following:
The fourth and last corner stone, expressive of the Lesser
Priesthood, is now duly laid, and may the blessings before
pronounced, with all others desirable, rest upon the same forever.
Amen.
The services were then declared closed, and the military retired to the
parade ground and were dismissed with the approbation and thanks of the
commanding officer. The military band, under the command of Captain
Duzette, made a conspicuous and dignified appearance, and performed
their part honorably. Their soul-stirring strains met harmoniously the
rising emotions that swelled each bosom, and stimulated us onward to
the arduous but pleasing and honorable duties of the day. The choir
also, under the direction of B. S. Wilber, deserve commendation.
[Sidenote: Conduct of the People.]
What added greatly to the happiness we experienced on this interesting
occasion, is the fact that we heard no {331} obscene or profane
language; neither saw we any one intoxicated. Can the same be said of
a similar assemblage in any other city in the Union? Thank God that
the intoxicating beverage, the bane of humanity in these last days, is
becoming a stranger in Nauvoo.
In conclusion, we will say we never witnessed a more imposing spectacle
than was presented on this occasion, and during the sessions of
the conference. Such a multitude of people moving in harmony, in
friendship, in dignity, told in a voice not easily misunderstood, that
they were a people of intelligence, and virtue and order; in short,
that they were _Saints_; and that the God of love, purity and light,
was their God, their Examplar, and Director; and that they were blessed
and happy.
[Sidenote: Order of Laying Corner Stones of Temples.]
If the strict order of the Priesthood were carried out in the building
of Temples, the first stone would be laid at the south-east corner, by
the First Presidency of the Church. The south-west corner should be
laid next. The third, or north-west corner next; and the fourth, or
north-east corner last. The first Presidency should lay the south-east
corner stone and dictate who are the proper persons to lay the other
corner stones.
If a Temple is built at a distance, and the First Presidency are not
present, then the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles are the persons to
dictate the order for that Temple; and in the absence of the Twelve
Apostles, then the Presidency of the Stake will lay the south-east
corner stone; the Melchisedec Priesthood laying the corner stones on
the east side of the Temple, and the Lesser Priesthood those on the
west side.
[Sidenote: Conference at Philadelphia.]
A Conference was held at Philadelphia; President Hyrum Smith presiding;
many branches were represented and the branch at Philadelphia was
organized by electing Benjamin Winchester, President, and Edson
Whipple, and William Wharnot, his Counselors. Jacob Syphret was elected
Bishop, and Jesse Prince and James Nicholson his Counselors.
{332} _Meeting of the Council of the Twelve in Manchester_.
The Council of the Twelve assembled at Manchester, in Carpenter's
Hall, on the 7th day of April, 1841, for the first time to transact
business as a quorum in the presence of the Church, in a foreign
land; being the first day of the 12th year of the rise of the
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Nine of the quorum
were present; viz., Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, Orson Hyde,
Parley P. Pratt, Orson Pratt, Wilford Woodruff, Willard Richards,
John Taylor and Geo. A. Smith, President Young having called the
meeting to order, and organized, the conference then opened by
prayer. Elder Thomas Ward was chosen Clerk. The President then
made some introductory remarks relative to the organization of the
Church in the House of the Lord in America, in reference to the
different quorums in their respective orders and authorities in the
Church.
The representation of the churches and conferences throughout the
kingdom was then called for.
Location. By Whom Represented Members. Elders. Priests. Teachers. Deacons.
Manchester Parley P. Pratt 443 7 15 9 0
Clitheroe Conference Heber C. Kimball 318 6 12 13 3
Presten Conference Peter Melling 675 11 15 13 3
Liverpool John Taylor 190 9 8 4 3
Isle of Man John Taylor 90 2 4 2 0
London Conference Lorenzo Snow 137 3 8 4 2
Birmingham Conference Alfred Cordon 110 4 13 4 1
Staffordshire Conference Alfred Cordon 574 19 49 28 16
Garway Conference Wilford Woodruff 134 5 6 4 1
Gadfield Elm Conference Wilford Woodruff 408 8 33 11 1
Froom's Hill Conference Wilford Woodruff 1008 27 67 27 8
Edingburgh Orson Pratt 203 6 9 6 2
Glasgow, Paisley, Johnstone, Reuben Hedlock 368 12 15 13 11
Bridge of Weir, and
Thorney Bank
Ireland Theodore Curtis 35 2 0 1 0
Wales James Burnham 170 2 5 3 3
Newcastle-upon-Tyne Amos Fielding 23 1 3 1 0
Alston John Sanders 26 1 0 1 0
Brampton John Sanders 46 0 1 0 0
Carlisle John Sanders 43 1 0 0 0
Bolton Robert Crooks 189 1 11 8 1
Dukinfield John Albertson 120 2 4 3 2
Northwich, Middlewich, &c Samuel Heath 112 2 6 6 6
Oldham William Black 86 1 4 1 2
Stockport Elder Magan 161 1 5 2 2
Eccles Elder Magan 24 1 3 1 0
Pendlebury Elder Magan 62 0 2 1 1
Whitefield Elder Magan 41 1 2 3 0
Radcliffe Bridge Elder Magan 18 1 3 0 0
Total 5814 136 304 169 68
Nearly eight hundred Saints have emigrated to America during the
past season. These are not included in this representation.
{333} Conference adjourned till 2 p. m.
Conference met pursuant to adjournment; opened by prayer.
Scattering members were then represented, consisting of nearly
fifty, not included in any of the above branches.
President Young then proceeded to make some remarks on the office
of Patriarch, and concluded by moving that Elder John Albertson [1]
be ordained to that office. Seconded by Elder Kimball, and carried
unanimously.
_Resolved_: That George D. Watt, George J. Adams, Amos Fielding,
William Kay, John Sanders, Thomas Richardson, James Whitehead,
Thomas Domville, James Galley and George Simpson be ordained High
Priests.
_Resolved_: That the following persons be ordained Elders--William
Miller, William Leach, John Sands, William Moon, William Hardman,
William Black, John Goodfellow, Joseph Brotherton, Richard Benson,
Theophilus Brotherton, John McIlwick, and William Green.
_Resolved_: That Manchester, Stockport, Dukinfield, Oldham, Bolton,
and all the neighboring branches be organized into one conference,
to be called the Manchester Conference.
That the Church in Brampton, Alston, and Carlisle be included in
one conference.
That the churches of Liverpool, Isles of Man, Wales, viz., Overton,
Harding and Ellsmere, be organized into one conference, to be
called the Liverpool conference.
_Resolved_: That the Macclesfield Conference include Macclesfield,
Northwich, Middlewich, and Lostock.
That Edinburgh Conference include Glasgow, Paisley, Bridge of Weir,
Johnstone and Thorney Bank.
That George D. Watt preside over the Edinburgh Conference.
That John Greenhow preside over the Liverpool Conference.
That Thomas Ward preside over the Clitheroe Conference.
That Lorenzo Snow preside over the London Conference.
That James Galley preside over the Macclesfield Conference.
That Alfred Cordon preside over the Staffordshire Conference.
That James Riley be ordained a High Priest, and preside over the
Birmingham Conference.
That James McAnley preside over the Glasgow Conference.
That Thomas Richardson preside over the Gadfield Elm Conference.
That William Kay preside over the Froom's Hill Conference.
That Levi Richards have the superintendence of the Garway
Conference.
{334} That Peter Melling preside over the Preston Conference.
That John Sanders preside over the Brampton Conference.
Adjourned till seven o'clock, p. m.
Met pursuant to adjournment; commenced by singing, "When shall we
all meet again," and prayer.
The Patriarch Peter Melling, was then called upon to pronounce a
patriarchal blessing upon the head of John Albertson, previous to
his being ordained to the office of Patriarch. Laying his hands
upon him he blessed him in the following words:
"John, I lay my hands upon thy head, in the name of Jesus Christ;
and by the authority of the Holy Priesthood committed unto me, I
pronounce upon thy head the blessings of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob;
and I say unto thee, that, inasmuch as it is in thy heart to do
the will of the Lord, thou shalt be blessed, and the desires of
thy heart shall be granted thee; and the Lord God will enlarge thy
heart; and, inasmuch as thou wilt be humble and faithful before
the Lord in thy calling, even that of a Patriarch, thou shalt be
blessed, strengthened, and have great wisdom and understanding;
thy bowels shall be filled with compassion for the widow and
fatherless; and I pray that our Father in Heaven will take thee
into His own care, and as He feels for thy welfare, thou shalt
be made strong in faith, and the Lord shall bless thee and open
thy understanding. Thou shalt know the doctrine of Jesus Christ,
and the mysteries of heaven shall be opened to thy mind. Thou
shalt also have the gift of prophecy and revelation, and thou
shalt predict those things that shall take place to the latest
generation. I pray that our Father in heaven may confer these
blessings upon thy head; yea, thou shalt be a mighty man, if thou
wilt be a faithful man, and a humble man, so that thou mayst be an
ornament to thy calling, and a blessing to thy posterity; yea, thy
posterity shall be blessed, and they shall become mighty upon the
earth, and become blessed inasmuch as thou wilt be faithful in all
things, and watch unto prayer. Thou shalt finally overcome, and
be lifted up on high, and inherit the mansions prepared for thee
in the kingdom of our God. Thou art of the blood of Ephraim; and
I seal these blessings upon thy head in the name of Jesus Christ.
Amen, and amen."
The Apostles then laid hands on John Albertson, and ordained him to
the office of Patriarch.
The ordinations of the High Priests then took place; but, from the
pressure of business, it was directed that the High Priests who
were present should retire to the vestry, with those who were to be
ordained Elders, and there ordain them at the same time that the
ordinations of the High Priests were proceeding.
Several appropriate discourses were delivered by different
members {335} of the Twelve Apostles in relation to the duties
of the officers in their respective callings, and the duties and
privileges of the members; also of the prosperity of the work in
general.
A very richly ornamented cake, a present from New York, from
Elder George J. Adams' wife to the Twelve, was then exhibited to
the meeting. This was blessed by them and distributed to all the
officers and members, and the whole congregation, consisting,
perhaps, of seven hundred people; a large fragment was still
preserved for some who were not present. During the distribution
several appropriate hymns were sung, and a powerful and general
feeling of delight universally pervaded the meeting.
While this was proceeding, Elder Parley P. Pratt composed, and
handed over to the clerk, the following lines, which the clerk then
read to the meeting:
When in far distant regions,
As strangers we roam,
Far away from our country,
Our friends and our home:
When sinking in sorrow,
Fresh courage we'll take,
As we think of our friends,
And remember the _cake_.
Elder Orson Hyde appealed powerfully to the meeting, and covenanted
with the Saints present, in a bond of mutual prayer, during his
mission to Jerusalem and the East, which was sustained on the part
of the hearers with a hearty amen.
Elder Fielding remarked respecting the rich cake of which they had
been partaking, that he considered it a type of the good things of
that land from whence it came, and from which they had received the
fullness of the Gospel.
The number of official members present at this conference was then
taken, viz., quorum of the Twelve Apostles, 9; Patriarchs, 2; High
Priests, 16; quorum of the Seventies, 2; Elders, 31; Priests, 28;
Teachers, 17; Deacons, 2.
Elders Brigham Young and William Miller then sang the hymn
"Adieu, my dear brethren," &c., and President Young blessed the
congregation and dismissed them.
Brigham Young, Chairman.
Thomas Ward, Clerk.
Footnotes:
1. John Albertson was the second Patriarch ordained in England, Peter
Melling being the first, he was ordained the 17th of April, 1840.
{336}
CHAPTER XVIII.
General Conference at Nauvoo--Epistle of the Twelve to the Saints in
England--Difference between Baptists and Latter-Day Saints.
_Minutes of the General Conference of the Church of Jesus Christ
of Latter-day Saints held in Nauvoo, Illinois, on the 7th day of
April, one thousand eight hundred and forty-one_.
The names of the presidents of the several quorums were called,
and they took their seats on the stand, with their counselors in
front. The meeting was called to order. Choir sang a hymn; prayer
by William Law.
The clerk then read the report of the First Presidency, as follows--
Report of the First Presidency.
The Presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,
feel great pleasure in assembling with the Saints at another
general conference, under circumstances so auspicious and cheering;
and with greatful hearts to Almighty God for His providential
regard, they cordially unite with the Saints, on this occasion, in
ascribing honor, glory, and blessing to His Holy name.
It is with unfeigned pleasure that they have to make known the
steady and rapid increase of the Church in this state, the United
States, and Europe. The anxiety to become acquainted with the
principles of the Gospel, on every hand is intense, and the cry of
"come over and help us," is reaching the Elders on the wings of
every wind; while thousands who have heard the Gospel have become
obedient thereto, and are rejoicing in its gifts and blessings.
Prejudice, with its attendant train of evil, is giving way before
the force of truth, whose benign rays are penetrating the nations
afar off.
The reports from the Twelve Apostles in Europe are very
satisfactory, and state that the work continues to progress with
unparalleled rapidity, and that the harvest is truly great. In the
Eastern States the faithful laborers are successful, and many are
flocking to the standard of truth {337} Nor is the South keeping
back. Churches have been raised up in the Southern and Western
States, and a very pressing invitation has been received from New
Orleans, for some of the Elders to visit that city; which has
been complied with. In our own state and immediate neighborhood,
many are avowing their attachment to the principles of our holy
religion, and have become obedient to the faith.
Peace and prosperity attend us; and we have favor in the sight
of God and virtuous men. The time was, when we were looked upon
as deceivers, and that "Mormonism" would soon pass away, come to
nought, and be forgotten. But the time has gone by when it is
looked upon as a transient matter, or a bubble on the wave, and
it is now taking a deep hold in the hearts and affections of all
those who are noble-minded enough to lay aside the prejudice of
education, and investigate the subject with candor and honesty. The
truth, like the sturdy oak, has stood unhurt amid the contending
elements, which have beat upon it with tremendous force. The
floods have rolled, wave after wave, in quick succession, and have
not swallowed it up. "They have lifted up their voice, O Lord;
the floods have lifted up their voice; but the Lord of Hosts is
mightier than the mighty waves of the sea;" nor have the flames of
persecution, with all the influence of mobs, been able to destroy
it; but like Moses' bush, it has stood unconsumed, and now at this
moment presents an important spectacle both to men and angels.
Where can we turn our eyes to behold such another? We contemplate a
people who have embraced a system of religion, unpopular, and the
adherence to which has brought upon them repeated persecutions.
A people who, for their love to God, and attachment to His
cause, have suffered hunger, nakedness, perils, and almost every
privation. A people who, for the sake of their religion, have
had to mourn the premature death of parents, husbands, wives,
and children. A people, who have preferred death to slavery and
hypocrisy, and have honorably maintained their characters, and
stood firm and immovable, in times that have tried men's souls.
Stand fast, ye Saints of God, hold on a little while longer, and
the storm of life will be past, and you will be rewarded by that
God whose servants you are, and who will duly appreciate all
your toils and afflictions for Christ's sake and the Gospel's.
Your names will be handed down to posterity as Saints of God and
virtuous men.
But we hope that those scenes of blood will never more occur, but
that many, very many, such scenes as the present will be witnessed
by the Saints, and that in the Temple, the foundation of which has
been so happily laid, will the Saints of the Most High continue to
congregate from year to year in peace and safety.
From the kind and generous feelings, manifested by the citizens of
{338} this state, since our sojourn among them, we may continue
to expect the enjoyment of all the blessings of civil and
religious liberty, guaranteed by the Constitution. The citizens
of Illinois have done themselves honor, in throwing the mantle of
the Constitution over a persecuted and afflicted people: and have
given evident proof that they are not only in the enjoyment of the
privileges of freemen themselves, but also that they willingly and
cheerfully extend that invaluable blessing to others, and that they
freely award to faithfulness and virtue their due.
The proceedings of the legislature, in regard to the citizens of
this place, have been marked with philanthropy and benevolence; and
they have laid us under great and lasting obligations, in granting
us the several liberal charters we now enjoy, and by which we hope
to prosper until our city becomes the most splendid, our University
the most learned, and our Legion the most effective of any in the
Union. In the language of one of our own poets, we would say--
In Illinois we've found a safe retreat,
A home, a shelter from oppression dire;
Where we can worship God as we think right,
And mobbers come not to disturb our peace;
Where we can live and hope for better days,
Enjoy again our liberty, our rights:
That social intercourse which freedom grants,
And charity requires of man to man.
And long may charity pervade each breast,
And long may Illinois remain the scene
Of rich prosperity, by _peace secured_.
In consequence of the impoverished condition of the Saints, the
buildings which are in course of erection do not progress as fast
as could be desired; but from the interest which is generally
manifested by the Saints at large, we hope to accomplish much by a
combination of effort, and a concentration of action, and erect the
Temple and other public buildings, which we so much need for our
mutual instruction and the education of our children.
From the reports which have been received, we may expect a large
emigration this season. The proclamation which was sent, some time
ago, to the churches abroad, has been responded to, and great
numbers are making preparations to come and locate themselves in
this city and vicinity.
From what we now witness, we are led to look forward with pleasing
anticipation to the future, and soon expect to see the thousands
of Israel flocking to this region in obedience to the heavenly
command; numerous inhabitants--Saints--thickly studding the flowery
and {339} wide-spread prairies of Illinois; temples for the worship
of our God erecting in various parts, and great peace resting upon
Israel.
We would call the attention of the Saints more particularly to the
building of the Temple, for on its speedy erection great blessings
depend. The zeal which is manifested by the Saints in this city is,
indeed, praiseworthy, and, we hope will be imitated by the Saints
in the various stakes and branches of the Church, and that those
who cannot contribute labor will bring their gold and their silver,
their brass and their iron, with the pine tree, and box tree, to
beautify the same.
We are glad to hear of the organization of the different quorums in
this city, and hope that their organization will be attended to in
every stake and branch of the Church, for the Almighty is a lover
of order and good government.
From the faith and enterprise of the Saints generally, we feel
greatly encouraged and cheerfully attend to the important duties
devolving upon us, knowing that we not only have the approval of
heaven, but also that our efforts for the establishment of Zion and
the spread of truth, are cheerfully seconded by the thousands of
Israel.
In conclusion we would say, brethren, be faithful, let your love
and moderation be known unto all men; be patient, be mindful to
observe all the commandments of your Heavenly Father, and the God
of all grace shall bless you. Even so, Amen.
Joseph Smith, President,
Robert B. Thompson, Clerk.
On motion, Resolved that the report be printed in the _Times and
Seasons_.
President Rigdon arose and stated that, in consequence of weakness
from his labors of yesterday, he would call upon General John C.
Bennett to officiate in his place.
General Bennett then read the revelations from "The Book of the
Law of the Lord," which had been received since the last general
conference, in relation to writing a proclamation to the kings of
the earth, building a temple in Nauvoo, the organization of the
Church, &c. [1]
President Joseph Smith rose, and made some observations in
explanation of the same; and likewise of the necessity which
existed of building the Temple, that the Saints might have a
suitable place for worshiping the Almighty; and also the building
of the Nauvoo Boarding House, that suitable accommodations may be
afforded for the strangers who visit this city.
The choir sung a hymn, and the meeting adjourned for one hour.
{340} Conference met pursuant to adjournment, and was called to
order by William Law.
Choir sung a hymn, and President William Marks addressed the throne
of grace.
General Bennett read the charters granted by the legislature of
this state, for incorporating "the City of Nauvoo," "the Nauvoo
Legion," "the University of the City of Nauvoo," "the Agricultural
and Manufacturing Association," and "the Nauvoo House Association."
On motion, Resolved that the charters now read be received by the
Church.
President Don Carlos Smith arose, and gave an exhortation to the
assembly.
General John C. Bennett then spoke at some length on the present
situation, prospects, and condition of the Church, and remarked
that the hand of God must indeed be visible, in accomplishing the
great blessings and prosperity of the Church, and called upon the
Saints to be faithful and obedient in all things, and likewise
forcibly and eloquently urged the necessity of being united in all
their movements; and before he sat down, he wished to know how many
of the Saints who were present felt disposed to continue to act
in concert and follow the instructions of the First Presidency;
and called upon all those who did so, to arise on their feet--when
immediately the Saints, almost without exception, arose.
The choir sung a hymn, and the meeting, after prayer, adjourned
until tomorrow morning.
_Thursday, 8th_.
Thursday morning, April 8. At an early hour this morning the
different quorums, who had previously been organized, came to the
ground and took their seats as follows: The First Presidency, with
the presidents of the quorums on the stand, the High Council on the
front of the stand, the High Priests on the front to the right of
the stand, the Seventies immediately behind the High Priests, the
Elders in the front to the left, the Lesser Priesthood on the right.
On motion, Resolved, that this conference continue until Sunday
evening.
President Joseph Smith declared the rule of voting to be, a
majority in each quorum; exhorted them to deliberation, faith,
and prayer; and that they should be strict and impartial in
their examinations. He then told them that the presidents of
the different quorums would be presented before them for their
acceptance or rejection.
Bishop Whitney then presented the First Presidency to the Lesser
{341} Priesthood. President John A. Hicks presented them to the
Elders' quorum. President Joseph Young presented them to the
quorums of the Seventies. President Don Carlos Smith presented
them to the High Priests' quorum. Counselor Elias Higbee presented
them to the High Council; and the clerk then presented them to
the presidents of all the quorums on the stand, and they were
unanimously accepted. John C. Bennett was presented, with the First
Presidency, as Assistant President until President Rigdon's health
should be restored.
The presidents and counselors belonging to the several quorums
were then presented to each quorum separately, for approval or
rejection, when the following persons were objected to, viz., John
A. Hicks, president of the Elders' quorum; Alanson Ripley, Bishop;
Elder John E. Page, one of the Twelve Apostles; and Noah Packard,
High Priest. Bishop Newel K. Whitney moved their cases be laid
over, to be tried before the several quorums.
President Joseph Smith presented the building committee of the
"House of the Lord," viz., Alpheus Cutler, Reynolds Cahoon, and
Elias Higbee, to the several quorums collectively, and they were
unanimously received.
President Smith observed that it was necessary that someone should
be appointed to fill the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, in the
room of the late Elder David W. Patten; whereupon President Rigdon
nominated Elder Lyman Wight to that office; and he was unanimously
accepted. Elder Wight stated that it was an office of great honor
and responsibility, and he felt inadequate to the task; but,
inasmuch as it was the wish of the authorities of the Church that
he should take that office, he would endeavor to magnify it.
_Resolved_: That James Allred be appointed to the office of High
Councilor, in the place of Charles C. Rich, who had been chosen a
counselor to the president of this stake, and that Leonard Soby
be appointed one of the High Council, in the room of David Dort,
deceased.
The choir sung a hymn, and after prayer by President Rigdon, the
meeting adjourned for two hours.
Conference met pursuant to adjournment. A hymn was sung by the
choir.
President Rigdon delivered an interesting discourse on the subject
of "Baptism for the dead."
President Joseph Smith followed on the same subject; and threw
considerable light on the doctrine which had been presented.
The choir then sung a hymn; and after prayer by Elder William
Smith, conference adjourned until tomorrow morning at 10 o'clock.
Friday morning, the 9th, conference met pursuant to adjournment.
The quorums reported that they had investigated the conduct of the
{342} persons who had been objected to, and that they had rejected
Alanson Ripley and James Foster. Leave was given to James Foster to
make a few remarks respecting the charges preferred against him:
after which it was resolved that Elder James Foster continue his
standing in the Church. _Resolved_: That, as Alanson Ripley has
not appeared to answer the charges preferred against him, that his
Bishopric be taken from him.
President Joseph Smith made some observations respecting the duty
of the several quorums, in sending their members into the vineyard,
and also stated that labor on the Temple would be as acceptable to
the Lord, as preaching in the world, and that it was necessary that
some agents should be appointed to collect funds for building the
Temple.
_Resolved_: That John Murdock, Lyman Wight, William Smith, Henry
William Miller, Amasa Lyman, Leonard Soby, Gehiel Savage, and Zenos
H. Gurley be appointed to travel and collect funds for the same.
A hymn was then sung by the choir. Prayer by President Don Carlos
Smith.
President Joseph Smith then stated that he should resign the
meeting to the presidency of the stake, and the president of the
High Priests' quorum.
The building committee were called upon to address the assembly.
Elder Cahoon spoke at length on the importance of building the
Temple, and called upon the Saints to assist them in their great
undertaking. Elder Alpheus Cutler made some very appropriate
remarks.
Conference adjourned one hour.
Conference met pursuant to adjournment.
Elias Higbee spoke on the same subject [_i. e_. importance of
building the Temple]. Elder Lyman Wight then came forward and
addressed the meeting at considerable length.
The clerk read a letter from Elder John Taylor in England, to
President Joseph Smith, which gave an account of the prosperity of
the work of the Lord in that land.
On motion, adjourned until tomorrow morning at 10 o'clock.
Saturday, 10th. The weather was unfavorable, consequently no
business was transacted.
Sunday, 11th. The conference again met.
Elder Zenos H. Gurley preached on the literal fulfillment of
prophecy.
President Rigdon made some observations on baptism for the
remission of sins.
Conference adjourned for one hour.
Conference met, and was addressed by the Bishops of the stake,
who stated the situation of the poor who had to be supported, and
called upon the Saints to assist in relieving the necessities of
the widows and fatherless.
{343} Elder Lyman Wight made some observations on the subject.
President Joseph Smith then addressed the assembly, and stated that
in consequence of the severity of the weather the Saints had not
received as much instruction as he desired, and that some things
would have to be laid over until the next conference. As there were
many who wished to be baptized, they would now go to the water, and
give them opportunity.
The procession was then organized, and proceeded to the Mississippi.
After the baptisms were over, the conference adjourned to the first
of October next.
Joseph Smith, President.
R. B. Thompson, Clerk.
On the 7th of April, 1841, the Twelve Apostles were in England and
were busy in council, visiting the Saints in Manchester, and in the
evening supped at "Mother Miller's." On the 9th, they visited the
Zoological Gardens, Manchester, England. Elder W. J. Barratt writes
from Australia, "he had arrived safe at Adelaide after a rough passage,
but had not baptized any persons. Obstacles to the introduction of the
work of the Lord are very great."
_Letter of George A. Smith to the Star--Report of Labors_.
Bolton, April 11, 1841.
_Elder P. P. Pratt_:
I thought good to give your readers (through the medium of the
_Star_) a short account of my labors in England. I landed in
Liverpool on the 6th of April, 1840; and, after attending the
Preston conference, I went to the Staffordshire Potteries, where
there were about 100 Saints; I remained there three months. The
work continued to prosper, and 80 were added to the church in that
time. I then left the church there to the care of Elder Alfred
Cordon, and, in company with Elders Kimball and Woodruff, visited
the churches in Herefordshire and vicinity. Hundreds received our
testimony, and were baptized. From thence we proceeded to London,
where we met with much difficulty in introducing the fullness of
the Gospel; the hearts of the people were barred against the truth,
but the Lord blessed our labors, and we succeeded in establishing a
branch of the Church there. My health being poor, I was counseled
by my brethren of the Twelve Apostles to return to the field of
my former labors in Staffordshire; which I did, leaving in London
{344} but eleven members. Since that time, my labors have been
chiefly confined to the limits of the Staffordshire conference,
which has, until lately, included Birmingham and Macclesfield,
containing eighteen branches of the Church, 580 members having
been added since the time I commenced laboring there. Many have
been called to the ministry, who are faithful men, and willing to
receive counsel. Although I have suffered much bodily affliction
during the past year, the Lord has blessed my labors abundantly,
and I can say I never enjoyed myself better in the discharge of my
duty, than I have on this mission. Among the greatest blessings
I have enjoyed, has been the privilege of attending four general
conferences, and meeting in council with the Twelve Apostles. I
can assure you that a meeting with those in whose company I have
suffered so much tribulation for the Gospel's sake, both at home
and abroad, by land and sea, is to me a privilege indeed. I am
now preparing to return home with my brethren, according to the
instructions of the First Presidency of the Church; and, as I take
my leave of the Saints in this land, my prayer to God is that He
will preserve His people from the hand of Satan, and prepare them
for the coming Redeemer, who is near at hand.
I remain your servant for the Gospel's sake,
George A. Smith.
_Tuesday, 13_.--Elder Heber C. Kimball left Manchester for Preston.
_Thursday 15_.
_Conference in New York City_.
A conference of the Church was held in New York City. Elder George
W. Harris, of Nauvoo, chairman. Lucien R. Foster was elected
president of the branch, and Addison Everett and George Holmes,
his counselors. John M. Bernhisel was elected Bishop, and Richard
Burge and William Acker his counselors. These six, having been
chosen, were ordained and set apart to the several offices under
the direction of Elder Harris, he having been specially appointed
and authorized by President Hyrum Smith, at the Philadelphia
conference, to organize more perfectly the branch in New York.
Lucien R. Foster, Secretary.
_An Epistle of the Twelve Apostles to the Church of Jesus Christ
of Latter-day Saints in England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, and the
Isle of Man, Greeting_:
Beloved Brethren:--Inasmuch as we have been laboring for some time
in this country, and most of us are about to depart for the land
of {345} our nativity; and, feeling anxious for your welfare and
happiness in time and in eternity, we cheerfully offer you our
counsel in the closing number of the first volume of the _Star_,
hoping you will peruse it when we are far away, and profit by the
same.
First of all, we would express our joy and thanksgiving to Him who
rules, and knows the hearts of men, for the heed and diligence
with which the Saints in this county have hearkened to the counsel
of those whom God has seen fit to send among them, and who hold
the keys of this ministry. By this means a spirit of union, and,
consequently, of power, has been generally cultivated among you.
And now let the Saints remember that which we have ever taught
them, both by precept and example, viz., to beware of an aspiring
spirit, which would lift you up one above another, to seek to be
the greatest in the kingdom of God. This is that spirit which
hurled down the angels. It is that spirit which actuates all
the churches of the sectarian world, and most of the civil and
military movements of the men of the world. It is that spirit
which introduces rebellion, confusion, misrule, and disunion, and
would, if suffered to exist among us, destroy our union, and,
consequently, our power, which flows from the Spirit, through the
Priesthood; which Spirit, and power, and Priesthood, can only exist
with the humble and meek of the earth. Therefore, beware, O ye
Priests of the Most High! lest ye are overcome by that spirit which
would exalt you above your fellow-laborers, and thus hurl you down
to perdition, or do much injury to the cause of God.
Be careful to respect, not the eloquence, not the smooth speeches,
not the multitude of words, not the talents of men, but the offices
which God has placed in the Church. Let the members hearken to
their officers, let the Priests, Teachers, and Deacons hearken to
the Elders, and let the Elders hearken to the presiding officers of
each church or conference, and let all the churches and conferences
hearken to the counsel of those who are still left in this country
to superintend the affairs of the Church; and, by so doing, a
spirit of union will be preserved, and peace and prosperity will
attend the people of God.
We have seen fit to appoint our beloved brethren and
fellow-laborers, Levi Richards and Lorenzo Snow to travel from
conference to conference, and to assist Brother Pratt in the
general superintendency of the Church in this country. These are
men of experience and soundness of principle, in whose counsel the
Church may place entire confidence, as long as they uphold them by
the prayer of faith.
The spirit of emigration has actuated the children of men, from
the time our first parents were expelled from the garden until
now. It was this spirit that first peopled the plains of Shinar,
and all other places; yes, it was emigration that first broke upon
the death-like silence and {346} loneliness of an empty earth,
and caused the desolate land to teem with life, and the desert to
smile with joy. It was emigration that first peopled England, once
a desolate island, on which the foot of man had never trod, but
now abounding in towns and cities. It was emigration that turned
the wilds of America into a fruitful field, and besprinkled the
wilderness with flourishing towns and cities, where a few years
since the war hoop of the savage, or the howl of the wild beasts
was heard in the distance. In short, it is emigration that is
the only effectual remedy for the evils which now afflict the
over-peopled countries of Europe. With this view of the subject,
the Saints, as well as thousands of others, seem to be actuated
with the spirit of enterprise and emigration, and as some of them
are calculating to emigrate to America, and settle in the colonies
of our brethren, we would here impart a few words of counsel on the
subject of emigration.
It will be necessary, in the first place, for men of capital to
go on first and make large purchases of land, and erect mills,
machinery, manufactories, &c., so that the poor who go from this
country can find employment. Therefore, it is not wisdom for the
poor to flock to that place extensively, until the necessary
preparations are made. Neither is it wisdom for those who feel a
spirit of benevolence to expend all their means in helping others
to emigrate, and thus all arrive in a new country empty-handed. In
all settlements there must be capital and labor united, in order to
flourish. The brethren will recollect that they are not going to
enter upon cities already built up, but are going to "build cities
and inhabit them." Building cities cannot be done without means
and labor. On this subject we would call the particular attention
of the Saints to the Epistle, and also to the proclamation signed
by the First Presidency of the Church, published in the eleventh
number of this work (the _Star_), and would earnestly exhort them
to observe the order and instructions there given.
We would also exhort the Saints not to go in haste, nor by flight,
but to prepare all things in a proper manner before they emigrate;
and especially in regard to their dealings with the world, let them
be careful to settle everything honestly, as becometh Saints, as
far as lies in their power, and not go away in debt, so far as they
have the means to pay. And if any go away in debt, because they
have not the means to pay, let it be with the design of paying as
industry shall put it in their power, so that the cause of truth be
not evil spoken of.
We have found that there are so many "pick-pockets," and so many
that will take every possible advantage of strangers in Liverpool,
that we have appointed Elder Amos Fielding as the agent of the
Church to superintend the fitting out of the Saints from Liverpool
to America.
Whatever information the Saints may want about the preparation
for {347} a voyage, they are advised to call on Elder Fielding
at Liverpool, as their first movement when they arrive there
as emigrants. There are some brethren who have felt themselves
competent to do their own business in these matters and, rather
despising the counsel of their friends, have been robbed and
cheated out of nearly all they had. A word of caution to the wise
is sufficient. It is also a great saving to go in companies,
instead of going individually.
First, a company can charter a vessel, so as to make the passage
much cheaper than otherwise.
Secondly, provisions can be purchased at wholesale, for a company,
much cheaper than otherwise.
Thirdly, this will avoid bad company on the passage.
Fourthly, when a company arrives at New Orleans they can charter a
steamboat, so as to reduce the passage near one-half. This measure
will save some hundreds of pounds on each ship load.
Fifthly, a man of experience can go as leader of each company, who
will know how to avoid rogues and knaves.
Sovereigns are more profitable than silver or any other money, in
emigrating to America; and the brethren are also cautioned against
the American money, when they arrive in that country. Let them not
venture to take paper money of that country, until they become well
informed in regard to the different banks, for very few of them
will pass current very far from the place where they are issued,
and banks are breaking almost daily.
It is much cheaper going by New Orleans than by New York; but it
will never do for emigrants to go by New Orleans in the summer, on
account of the heat and sickness of the climate. It is, therefore,
advisable for the Saints to emigrate in autumn, winter, or spring.
Let the Saints be careful also to obtain a letter of
recommendation, from the Elders where they are acquainted, to the
brethren where they are going, certifying their membership; and
let the Elders be careful not to recommend any who do not conduct
themselves as Saints; and especially those who would go with a
design to defraud their creditors.
In regard to ordaining and licensing officers, each conference is
now organized under the care of their respective presidents, who,
with the voice of the Church, may ordain, according to the gifts
and callings of God, by the Holy Spirit, and under the general
superintendence of Elders Pratt, Richards, and Snow. Licenses
should be signed by the presiding officers.
There are many other items of importance, which we would gladly
mention, had we time and space sufficient; but this must suffice
for the present; and may the God of our fathers bless you all with
wisdom and {348} grace to act each your part in the great work
which lies before you, that the world may be warned, and thousands
brought to the knowledge of the truth; and may He bless and
preserve you blameless until the day of His coming. Brethren and
sisters, pray for us.
We remain, your brethren in the new and everlasting covenant,
Brigham Young,
Heber C. Kimball,
Orson Hyde,
Parley P. Pratt,
Orson Pratt,
Willard Richards,
Wilford Woodruff,
John Taylor,
Geo. A. Smith.
Manchester, April 15, 1841.
Elders Brigham Young, Orson Pratt, Wilford Woodruff, George A. Smith,
and Levi Richards went from Manchester to Liverpool to attend a
tea-party at the Music Hall.
Difference Between the Baptist and Latter-Day Saints, from the
"North Staffordshire Mercury."
Sir:--In a late publication, you reported the case of some
persons who were taken before T. B. Ross, Esq., for disturbing a
congregation of Latter-day Saints, or believers in the "Book of
Mormon." A teacher of that sect, on being asked by the magistrate
wherein they differed from the Baptists, replied, "In the laying
on of hands;" but declined making an honest confession of those
peculiarities which separate them as widely from the Baptists, as
from every other denomination of the Christian church. This was
certainly prudent; but as the Baptists feel themselves dishonored
by such an alliance, they would be unjust to themselves were they
to leave unanswered such a libel upon their denomination. The
following very prominent marks of difference will enable your
readers to judge for themselves.
1. The Saints admit all persons indiscriminately to baptism,
encouraging them to pass through that rite, with the promise that
great spiritual improvement will follow. They baptize for remission
of sins, without waiting for creditable evidence of repentance
for sin. But the Baptists admit none to that ordinance who do not
exhibit this qualification in the most satisfactory manner; and if
they found a candidate looking to the water of baptism as having
virtue to cleanse him from sin, he would be put back until better
instructed.
{349} 2. After baptism the Saints kneel down, and their Priest,
laying on his hands, professes to give them the Holy Ghost. If
effects similar to those produced by the laying on of the Apostles'
hands were seen to follow, skepticism must yield to the force of
such evidence; but in their case no such effects are produced; the
baptized sinner is a sinner still, though flattered and deluded
with the epithet "Latter-day Saint." The Baptists regard such
mummery with as much disgust as all Christians do.
3. Having, as they suppose, the extraordinary gifts of the Spirit,
the Saints consistently pretend to have the power of working
wonders, and process to heal the sick with holy oil; also to the
power of prophecy. As most moral evils bring with them their
own remedy, these lofty pretensions will ruin them in due time,
by opening the eyes of the most deluded, as in the case of the
countless sects of impostors who have appeared upon the stage
before them. It need not be added, that the Baptists stand far
removed from such conceits, and have no part in them.
4. Not satisfied with the Bible as a complete revelation from God,
the "Latter-day Saints" have adopted a romance, written in America,
as a fresh revelation, and have added a trashy volume of 600 pages
to that book, which we are forbidden to add to, or take from,
under the most awful penalties! But even this is not enough for
their impious resumption. They have published a monthly magazine,
in which "new revelations" are served up fresh, as they arrive,
for the use of all who can swallow them. The disgust with which
the Baptists regard such a melancholy exhibition of human folly
and wickedness, separates them to an impassable distance from such
people.
5. In order to carry on this order of things, the Latter-day Saints
have appointed two Priesthoods. "The Lesser, or Aaronic Priesthood,
is to hold the keys of the ministering of angels, and to administer
in outward ordinances. The power and authority of the higher, or
Melchisedek Priesthood, is to hold the keys of all the spiritual
blessings of the Church--to have the privilege of receiving the
mysteries of the Kingdom of heaven--to have the heavens opened
to them--to commune with the general assembly and Church of the
First-born; and to enjoy the communion and presence of God the
Father, and of Jesus the Mediator of the new covenant," (see page
13). So that, in this wonderful Priesthood, they have provided for
an ample supply of new things, in endless variety, and without
end, from the hands of wretched men, who blasphemously aspire to a
dignity which belongs alone to Him who is the only "Priest forever
after the order of Melchisedek."
The fear of trespassing upon your valuable columns, Mr. Editor,
prevents my enlarging upon these and very many other points of
{350} difference; but enough has been done to show your readers,
that no two sects can differ more widely from each other, than the
Baptists and the Latter-day Saints; and that to confound them in
any way together is not only unjust to the former, but involves
them in the disgrace of being partakers in a bold imposition, or
a pitiable delusion, which they regard with equal abhorrence and
disgust.
A Baptist.
Hanley, Feb. 16, 1841.
The foregoing article attempts to show the difference between the
Baptists and Latter-day Saints. We will now attempt to show the
difference between the Baptists and Former-day Saints.
The Difference Between the Baptists and the Former-Day Saints.
1st. The Former-day Saints baptized _for remission of sins, _Acts
ii: 38. The Baptists baptize those only who are supposed to have
their sins forgiven before they are baptized.
2nd. The Former-day Saints admitted all persons indiscriminately
to baptism, as soon as they professed faith and repentance,
encouraging them to pass through that rite, with the promise that
great spiritual improvement would follow, Acts ii: 38-41 inclusive.
But if the Baptists found the penitent believer looking for
remission of sins through that rite, they would be put back to "get
religion" where they could find it.
3rd. After baptism, the Former-day Saints prayed for, and laid
hands on the disciples in the name of Jesus, and professed to
give them the Holy Ghost, Acts viii: 17, also Acts xix: 6. The
Baptists say, "They regard such mummery with as much disgust as all
Christians do."
4th. Having, as they supposed, the extraordinary gifts of the
Spirit, the Former-day Saints consistently pretended to have the
power of working wonders, and professed to heal the sick with
holy oil; James v: 14, 15. Also to the power of prophecy; First
Corinthians from 12th to 14th chapter. It need not be added that
the Baptists stand far removed from "such conceits," and have no
part in them; nor in anything pertaining to the gifts and power
of God: or, to use the Apostle's own words, "they have a form of
godliness, denying the power."
5th. Not satisfied with the Bible as a complete revelation from
God, the Former-day Saints have added a volume of several hundred
pages (the New Testament), to that book, which (according to
Baptist logic) {351} Moses forbid them to add to, or take from; but
new revelations were served up almost daily, fresh as they arrived,
for all those who could swallow them. "The disgust with which the
Baptists regard such things, considering them but a melancholy
exhibition of human folly and wickedness," separates them to an
impassable distance from the Former-day Saints; and how, with all
these differences, the Baptists should ever have been thought,
by themselves, or anybody else, to be the Church of Christ, is
difficult to imagine!
6th. In order to carry on their strange work, or order of things,
the Former-day Saints had two Priesthoods. The Aaronic Priesthood
administered in outward ordinances, as in the case of John the
Baptist. The power and authority of the higher, or Melchisedek
Priesthood, was to hold the keys of all the spiritual blessing
of the Church, as Jesus said, "I give unto thee the keys of the
kingdom of heaven--whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be
bound in heaven," &c. They were to have the privilege of knowing
the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven. "To you it is given to know
the mysteries of the kingdom"--to have the heavens opened unto
them--to commune with the general assembly and Church of the First
born; and to enjoy the communion and presence of God the Father,
and of Jesus the Mediator of the new covenant: Heb. xii: 22, 23,
24. So that in this wonderful Priesthood, they have provided for
an ample supply of new things, in endless variety, and without
end, from those who are and were counted the off-scouring of all
things; and who, as the Baptists would insinuate, "did aspire to
a dignity," which they say, "Belongs alone to Him who is the only
Priest forever after the order of Melchisedek."
The fear of trespassing upon the time and patience of our readers,
prevents our enlarging upon these and many other points of
difference; but enough has been said to show, that no two sects can
possibly differ more widely from each other than do the Baptists
and Former-day Saints, and to amalgamate the two systems in any way
is not only an act of injustice--but would involve the Baptists,
who by the way are an honorable body, in the disgrace of that sect
which was "everywhere spoken against." See Acts 28:23.
Footnotes:
1. This is the revelation of 19th January, 1841, now section cxxi,
Doctrine and Covenants.
{352}
CHAPTER XIX.
Organization of the Nauvoo Legion--Notable Persons at Nauvoo--The
Prophet's Sermon on Individual Responsibility for Sin and the Doctrine
of Election.
[Sidenote: The Twelve Embark for Home.]
_Tuesday, 20_.--Elders Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, Orson Pratt,
Wilford Woodruff, John Taylor, George A. Smith and Willard Richards
and family, went on board of the ship _Rochester_, at Liverpool,
Captain Woodhouse (who delayed his sailing two days, to accommodate the
Elders), bound for New York with a company of 130 Saints.
Elder Parley P. Pratt tarried in England to preside over the Church,
and continue the publication of the _Millennial Star_, and Elder Hyde
to pursue his mission to Jerusalem.
Mr. James Robinson, Assessor for the City of Nauvoo, died, aged 30. He
had resided in this county many years, and for his business habits and
kind disposition, he was highly respected.
_Wednesday, 21_.--The _Rochester_ sailed.
[Sidenote: Changes in the Iowa Stake.]
_Saturday, 24_.--The High Council of Iowa selected David Pettigrew
and Moses Nickerson Counselors to President John Smith, in place
of Reynolds Cahoon and Lyman Wight, removed by appointment; James
Emmett in the place of David Pettigrew in the High Council, Joseph C.
Kingsbury in place of George W. Pitkin, removed to Nauvoo, and William
Clayton in place of Erastus Snow, absent.
_Monday, 26_.--I attended the City Council. Several members being
absent, I moved that the Marshall be ordered to enforce the attendance
of Aldermen and {353} Councillors, at one o'clock on Saturday next, and
Council adjourned.
_Wednesday, 28_.--The ship _Rochester_ encountered a tempest, shipped a
heavy sea, Wilford Woodruff got thoroughly drenched; Willard Richards
escaped under the bulwarks.
_Saturday, May 1_.--Elder Robert B. Thompson became associate editor of
the _Times and Seasons_.
[Sidenote: Organization of the Legion.]
The first Regiment, first cohort of the Nauvoo Legion, consisting of
four companies, was organized, and Captain George Miller was elected
colonel; Captain Stephen Markham, lieutenant-colonel, and Captain
William Wightman, major.
The first regiment, second cohort, consisting of four companies, was
also organized, and Captain Charles C. Rich was elected colonel,
Captain Titus Billings, lieutenant-colonel, and Captain John Scott,
major.
Also the second regiment, second cohort, consisting of four companies,
was organized, and Captain Francis M. Higbee was elected colonel;
Captain Nelson Higgins, lieutenant-colonel, and Aaron H. Golden, major.
I attended the City Council, and moved that the sympathies of the
Council be tendered to the relatives of James Robinson, deceased, the
late assessor and collector for the city, which was carried.
[Sidenote: New Burying Ground for Nauvoo.]
I also moved that a new burying ground be procured, outside the city
limits, and purchased at the expense of the corporation; which was
carried; and Alderman Daniel H. Wells, and councillors Wilson Law and
John T. Barnett were appointed a committee, and ten acres were ordered
to be purchased.
I spoke at length on the rights and privileges of the owners of the
ferry, showing that the City Council has no right to take away ferry
privileges, once granted, without damages being paid to the proprietor;
and also moved that an ordinance be passed to protect citizens killing
{354} dogs running at large, which were set upon cattle or hogs, or
molest individuals. And also spoke on other subjects before the council.
_Sunday, 2_.--The Teachers' quorum was organized in Nauvoo, Elisha
Averett, President, James Hendricks and James W. Huntsman, Counselors.
_Tuesday, 4_.--
_Nauvoo Legion Affairs_.
Headquarters, Nauvoo Legion, City of
Nauvoo, Illinois, May 4, 1841.
General Orders. Pursuant to an act of the Court Martial, the troops
attached or belonging to the Legion will parade at the place of
general rendezvous, in the City of Nauvoo, for drill, review and
inspection, on Saturday, the 3rd day of July, at half-past nine
o'clock a. m., armed and equipped according to law. At ten o'clock
the line will be formed and the general officers conducted to
their posts, under a fire of artillery. The commandants of the 1st
and 2nd companies, 2nd battalion, 1st regiment, 2nd cohort, are
directed to enroll every man residing within the bounds of their
respective commands, and not attached to any other company of the
Legion, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years, and
notify them of their attachment to the service, and their legal
liabilities.
As will be seen by the following legal opinion of Judge Douglas,
of the Supreme Court of the State of Illinois, than whom no man
stands more deservedly high in the public estimation, as an able
and profound jurist, politician and statesman; the officers and
privates, belonging to the Legion, are exempt from all military
duty, not required by the legally constituted authorities thereof.
They are, therefore, expressly inhibited from performing any
military services, not ordered by the general officers, or directed
by the court martial:
City Of Nauvoo, Illinois, May 3, 1841.
_General Bennett_:
Dear Sir.--In reply to your request, I have examined so much of the
Nauvoo City Charter, and Legislative Acts, as relate to the "Nauvoo
Legion," and am clearly of opinion, that any citizen of Hancock
county, who may attach himself to the Nauvoo Legion, has all the
privileges that appertain to which independent military body, and
is exempt from all other military duty, as provided in the 25th
section of the City Charter; and cannot, therefore, be fined any
military or civil court, for neglecting or refusing to parade with
any other military body, or {355} under the command of any officers
who are not attached to said Legion. The language of the laws upon
this subject, is so plain and specific as to admit of no doubt as
to its true meaning and intent. I do not consider it necessary,
therefore, to enter into an argument to prove a position which is
evident from an inspection of the laws themselves.
I am very respectfully, your friend,
S. A. Douglas.
The Legion is not, as has been falsely represented by its enemies,
exclusively a "Mormon" military association, but a body of citizen
soldiers, organized (without regard to political preferences or
religious sentiments) for the public defense, the general good,
and the preservation of law and order--to save the innocent,
unoffending citizens from the iron grasp of the oppressor and
perpetuate and sustain our free institutions against misrule,
anarchy, and mob violence; no other views are entertained or
tolerated. The general parades of the Legion will be in the City
of Nauvoo, but all other musters will be within the bounds of the
respective companies, battalions, regiments and cohorts.
The 8th section of "An Act for the Organization and Government of
the Militia of this State," in force July 2, 1833, provides that
"when any person shall enroll himself in a volunteer company, he
shall forthwith give notice in writing to the commanding officer
of the company in which he was enrolled," &c., and that the
commanding officer of a regiment or battalion, may, in a certain
contingency, dissolve such company and some of the petty, ignorant,
and imprudent militia officers maintain that such is still the
law; but those blind leaders of the blind are informed that the
11th section of "An Act Encouraging Volunteer Companies," approved
March 2, 1837, reads as follows: "So much of the 8th section of
an Act entitled, "An Act for the Organization and Government of
the Militia of this State," in force July 2, 1833, as requires a
volunteer to give notice in writing to the commanding officer of
the company in which he was enrolled, and authorizes commandants
of regiments to disband independent companies, be and the same is
hereby repealed."
If officers act upon the obsolete laws of the "little book" which
have been repealed, years since, it will be sweet to the taste, but
"make the belly bitter;" and should any civil or military officer
attempt to enforce the collection of any military fines upon the
members of the Legion, excepting when such fines are assessed by
the court martial of the Legion, such persons are directed to apply
to the master in chancery, for Hancock county, for an injunction to
stay the illegal proceedings.
The militia companies of Hancock county, and citizens generally,
are respectfully invited to unite with the Legion, and partake of
its privileges.
{356} All officers are required to enforce the most rigid
discipline on all days of public parade.
Persons holding enrolling orders are directed to act with energy;
consummate their trust, and make prompt returns to the office of
the Major-General.
The Lieutenant-General desires that all his friends should attach
themselves to some company, either in the first or second cohort.
This will enable them to receive correct military instruction,
under the teachings of experienced officers, according to the drill
and discipline of the United States army--and qualify them for
efficient service in the cause of their beloved country and state,
in the hour of peril.
The eleven companies of minute men will, at all times, hold
themselves in readiness to execute the laws, as originally
instructed by the general officers.
The officers and troops of the Legion are directed to treat with
proper respect and decorum, all other officers and troops in the
service of this state, or of the United States.
Officers are ordered to treat their troops with marked respect;
and, while they discharge their duties with promptitude and
boldness as officers, they must not forget or neglect to observe
the requisites of gentlemen.
The second company (light infantry), 1st battalion, 1st regiment,
2nd cohort; and the 1st company (lancers), 1st battalion, 3rd
regiment, 2nd cohort of the Legion, will act as an escort for the
reception of such visiting companies from Illinois and Iowa, as may
be present. Should the Governor be present, it will be announced by
a fire of artillery, by the 1st and 2nd companies, 1st battalion,
1st regiment, 1st cohort, and the 1st company, 1st battalion,
1st regiment, 2nd cohort, when he will be received by the entire
Legion, with the honors due so conspicuous a personage as the
Commander-in-Chief of the forces of the state.
Officers, receiving copies of these orders, will promulgate the
same without delay, throughout the bounds of their respective
commands.
Joseph Smith, Lieutenant-General.
_Letter of the Prophet to the "Times and Seasons"--Visit of Notable
Persons to Nauvoo_.
City Of Nauvoo, May 6, 1841.
_To the Editors of the "Times and Seasons_:"
Gentlemen:--I wish, through the medium of your paper, to make known
that, on Sunday last, I had the honor of receiving a visit from
the Hon. Stephen A. Douglas, Justice of the Supreme Court, and
Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit of the state of Illinois, and
Cyrus Walker {357} Esq., of Macomb, who expressed great pleasure in
visiting our city, and were astonished at the improvements which
were made. They were officially introduced to the congregation
who had assembled on the meeting ground, by the mayor; and they
severally addressed the assembly.
Judge Douglas expressed his satisfaction of what he had seen and
heard respecting our people, and took that opportunity of returning
thanks to the citizens of Nauvoo, for conferring upon him the
freedom of the city; stating that he was not aware of rendering
us any service sufficiently important to deserve such marked
honor; and likewise spoke in high terms of our location and the
improvements we had made, and that our enterprise and industry were
highly creditable to us, indeed.
Mr. Walker spoke much in favor of the place, the industry of the
citizens, &c., and hoped they would continue to enjoy all the
blessings and privileges of our free and glorious Constitution,
and, as a patriot and a freeman, he was willing, at all times, to
stand boldly in defense of liberty, and law.
It must indeed be satisfactory to this community to know that kind
and generous feelings exist in the hearts of men of such high
reputation and moral and intellectual worth.
Judge Douglas has ever proved himself friendly to this people, and
interested himself to obtain for us our several chartes, holding at
that time the office of Secretary of State.
Mr. Walker also ranks high, and has long held a standing at the
bar, which few attain, and is considered one of the most able and
profound jurists in the state.
The sentiments they expressed on the occasion were highly honorable
to them as American citizens, and as gentlemen. How different
their conduct from that of the official characters in the state
of Missouri, whose minds were prejudiced to such an extent that,
instead of mingling in our midst and ascertaining for themselves
our character, kept entirely aloof, but were ready, at all times,
to listen to those who had the "poison of adders under their
tongues," and who sought our overthrow.
Let every person who may have imbibed sentiments prejudicial to
us, imitate the honorable example of our distinguished visitors
(Douglas and Walker), and I believe they will find much less to
condemn than they anticipated, and probably a great deal to commend.
What makes the late visit more pleasing, is the fact that Messrs.
Douglas and Walker have long been held in high estimation as
politicians, being champions of the two great parties that exist
in the state; but laying aside all party strife, like brothers,
citizens, and friends, {358} they mingle with us, mutually disposed
to extend to us that courtesy, respect, and friendship, which I
hope we shall ever be proud to reciprocate.
I am, very respectfully, yours, &c.,
Joseph Smith.
_Saturday, 8_.--Brother William Smith is preaching in Pennsylvania.
Accounts of the progress of the Gospel from the Elders abroad are very
encouraging.
A magazine of 300 barrels of gunpowder, at Fort Moultrie, South
Carolina, exploded, blowing the fort, seven other buildings, and forty
persons to atoms.
_Wednesday, 12_.--The _Rochester_, with the Elders, came in sight of
Cape Sable, Nova Scotia.
_Saturday, 15_.--Good news has recently reached us from Tennessee, New
York, Upper Canada, and New Orleans. The Elders are baptizing in all
directions.
_Sunday, 16_.--I addressed the Saints. The following is a sketch of my
sermon by the editor of the _Times and Seasons_:
The Prophet's Discourse.
At 10 o'clock a. m., a large concourse of the Saints assembled on
the meeting ground, and were addressed by President Joseph Smith,
who spoke at considerable length.
He commenced his observations by remarking that the kindness of
our Heavenly Father called for our heartfelt gratitude. He then
observed that Satan was generally blamed for the evils which we
did, but if he was the cause of all our wickedness, men could
not be condemned. The devil could not compel mankind to do evil;
all was voluntary. Those who resisted the Spirit of God, would
be liable to be led into temptation, and then the association
of heaven would be withdrawn from those who refused to be made
partakers of such great glory. God would not exert any compulsory
means, and the devil could not; and such ideas as were entertained
[on these subjects] by many were absurd. The creature was made
subject to vanity, not willingly, but Christ subjected the same in
hope--all are subjected to vanity while they travel through the
crooked paths and difficulties which surround them. Where is the
man that is free from vanity? None ever were perfect but Jesus;
and why was He perfect? Because He was the Son of God, and had the
fullness of the Spirit, and greater power than any man. But {359}
notwithstanding their vanity, men look forward with hope (because
they are "subjected in hope") to the time of their deliverance.
The speaker then made some observations on the first principles of
the Gospel, observing, that many of the Saints who had come from
different states and nations had only a very superficial knowledge
of these principles, not having heard them fully investigated.
He then briefly stated the principles of faith, repentance, and
baptism for the remission of sins, these were believed by some of
the righteous societies of the day, but the doctrine of laying on
of hands for the gift of the Holy Ghost was discarded by them.
The speaker then referred to the 6th chapter of Hebrews, 1st
and 2nd verses. "Not laying again the foundation of repentance
from dead works," &c, but of the doctrines of baptisms, laying
on of hands, the resurrection, and eternal judgment, &c. That
the doctrine of eternal judgment was perfectly understood by the
Apostles, is evident from several passages of Scripture. Peter
preached repentance and baptism for the remission of sins to the
Jews who had been led to acts of violence and blood by their
leaders; but to the rulers he said, "I would that through ignorance
ye did it, as did also those ye ruled." "Repent, therefore, and be
converted, that your sins may be blotted out, when the times of
refreshing (redemption) shall come from the presence of the Lord,
for He shall send Jesus Christ, who before was preached unto you,"
&c. The time of redemption here had reference to the time when
Christ should come; then, and not till then, would their sins be
blotted out. Why? Because they were murderers, and no murderer hath
eternal life. Even David must wait for those times of refreshing,
before he can come forth and his sins be blotted out. For Peter,
speaking of him says, "David hath not yet ascended into heaven, for
his sepulchre is with us to this day." His remains were then in the
tomb. Now, we read that many bodies of the Saints arose at Christ's
resurrection, probably all the Saints, but it seems that David
did not. Why? Because he had been a murderer. If the ministers of
religion had a proper understanding of the doctrine of eternal
judgment, they would not be found attending the man who forfeited
his life to the injured laws of his country, by shedding innocent
blood; for such characters cannot be forgiven, until they have paid
the last farthing. The prayers of all the ministers in the world
can never close the gates of hell against a murderer.
He then spoke on the subject of election, and read the 9th chapter
of Romans, from which it was evident that the election there
spoken of was pertaining to the flesh, and had reference to the
seed of Abraham, according to the promise God made to Abraham,
saying, "In thee, and in thy seed, all the families of the earth
shall be {360} blessed." To them belonged the adoption and the
covenants, &c. Paul said, when he saw their unbelief, "I wish
myself accursed"--according to the flesh--not according to the
spirit. Why did God say to Pharaoh, "For this cause have I raised
thee up"? Because Pharaoh was a fit instrument--a wicked man, and
had committed acts of cruelty of the most atrocious nature. The
election of the promised seed still continues, and in the last day,
they shall have the Priesthood restored unto them, and they shall
be the "saviors on Mount Zion," the ministers of our God; if it
were not for the remnant which was left, then might men now be as
Sodom and Gomorrah. The whole of the chapter had reference to the
Priesthood and the house of Israel; and unconditional election of
individuals to eternal life was not taught by the Apostles. God did
elect or predestinate, that all those who would be saved, should be
saved in Christ Jesus, and through obedience to the Gospel; but He
passes over no man's sins, but visits them with correction, and if
His children will not repent of their sins He will discard them.
This is an imperfect sketch of a very interesting discourse, which
occupied more than two hours in delivery, and was listened to with
marked attention, by the vast assembly present.
In the afternoon the assembly was addressed by President Hyrum
Smith.
_Minutes of a Conference in London_.
Conference met in London pursuant to adjournment.
Elder Orson Hyde (of the Twelve Apostles) Lorenzo Snow, George J.
Adams (High Priest), two Elders, several Priests, Teachers, and
Deacons, with a respectable company of members present.
Elder Snow represented the London branch, consisting of 74 members,
and good prospect for increase. The branch at Bedford, represented
by George J. Adams, consisted of 68 member, 8 Priests, 1 Teacher.
John Griffith, Priest, represented the branch at Woolwich,
consisted of 6 members. Elder John Bourne, who was sent to labor at
Ipswich, was obliged to leave, there being no prospect of success,
and the brethren refusing to entertain him, so that he had to sleep
on the ground. In consequence of this the conference passed a
resolution condemnatory of their conduct.
[Sidenote: Arrival of _Rochester_ at New York.]
_Wednesday, 19_.--The _Rochester_ arrived at quarantine ground, New
York, after a toilsome passage. At one time they were beset with head
winds and a tedious storm, when the Twelve Apostles united in prayer,
the storm abated, the sea became calm, and they went on their way
rejoicing.
{361} The following is copied from the _Times and Seasons_:
The Healing of one who was Deaf.
Batavia, N. Y., May 19, 1841.
_To the Saints scattered abroad, and to all whom it may concern,
greeting_:
Be it known that on or about the first of December last, we, J.
Shamp and Margaret Shamp, of the town of Batavia, Gennesee county,
N. Y., had a daughter that had been deaf and dumb four and a half
years, and was restored to her hearing, the time aforesaid, by the
laying on of the hands of the Elders (Nathan R. Knight and Charles
Thompson) of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,
commonly called Mormons, through the power of Almighty God, and
faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, as believed and practiced by them
in these last days.
[Signed]
J. Shamp
M. Shamp.
Several other instances of healing are mentioned by Brother Shamp; and
such things are common in the Church at this day, according to the
faith of the Saints.
[Sidenote: Rowdyism in New York Harbor.]
_Thursday, 20_.--The Twelve Apostles arrived at the dock in New York
about four o'clock p. m., but were prevented from landing by the
carters and rowdies, until late in the evening. Such is the confusion
in New York on the arrival of a ship, steamboat, or coach, that
strangers may well suppose the city is without mayor, marshal, police,
or any other officer, to keep the peace.
[Sidenote: Mob Violence in England.]
Elder A. Cordon attempted to speak several times at Swan Village, near
Birmingham, England, but was interrupted by a mob. Several of the
Saints were struck with stones, but none of them seriously hurt.
_Friday, 21_.--I attended City Council, and moved that Parley Street be
opened and improved to the state road.
[Sidenote: Conference in Kirtland.]
_Saturday, 22_.--A conference was held at Kirtland, Ohio, Elder Almon
W. Babbitt presiding. Elder Babbitt was elected president of that
stake, and Lester Brooks and Zebedee Coltrin his {362} counselors.
Thomas Burdick was elected Bishop of Kirtland, and Hiram Winters and
Reuben McBride his counselors. Hiram Kellogg was elected president of
the High Priests' quorum, and Amos Babcock, president of the Elders'
quorum. By-laws were adopted for the preservation of the Lord's House.
_Sunday, 23_.--The Twelve addressed the Saints at the Columbian Hall,
Grand Street, New York.
_Monday, 24_.
Letter of the Presidency to the Saints--Concentration at Nauvoo.
_To the Saints abroad_--
The First Presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day
Saints, anxious to promote the prosperity of said Church, feel it
their duty to call upon the Saints who reside out of this county
[Hancock], to make preparations to come in without delay. This is
important, and should be attended to by all who feel an interest in
the prosperity of this corner-stone of Zion. Here the Temple must
be raised, the University built, and other edifices erected which
are necessary for the great work of the last days, and which can
only be done by a concentration of energy and enterprise. Let it,
therefore, be understood, that all the stakes, excepting those in
this county, and in Lee county, Iowa, are discontinued, and the
Saints instructed to settle in this county as soon as circumstances
will permit.
Joseph Smith, President.
City of Nauvoo, Hancock county,
Illinois, May 24, 1841.
_Tuesday, 25_.
_Legion Affairs_.
Headquarters Nauvoo Legion,
City Of Nauvoo, Illinois, May 25, 1841.
General Orders--The 1st company (riflemen) 1st battalion, 2nd
regiment, 2nd cohort, will be attached to the escort, contemplated
in the general orders of the 4th inst., for the 3rd of July next.
See p. 354.
In forming the Legion, the adjutant will observe the rank of
companies in the order they are named, to-wit--1st cohort; flying
artillery lancers, visiting companies of dragoons, cavalry,
lancers, riflemen. Second {363} cohort: artillery, lancers,
riflemen, light infantry, infantry. Visiting companies in their
appropriate places on the right of the troops of their own grade.
The ranking company of the 1st cohort will be formed on the right
of said cohort; and the ranking company of the 2nd cohort will be
formed on the left of said cohort; the next on the left of the
right, the next on the right of the left, and so on to the center.
The escort will be formed on the right of the forces.
Joseph Smith, Lieutenant-General.
_Wednesday, 26_.--Elder Lorenzo Snow writes from London, that the
Church there numbers 74 members, having baptized 18 since his return
from Manchester conference, and that Elder Orson Hyde was at the London
conference on the 16th instant.
Elder Joseph Fielding was at the Isle of Man.
_Thursday, 27_.--Elders Willard Richards, Wilford Woodruff, George
A. Smith, and John M. Bernhisel visited the shipping and principal
buildings in New York.
Sir Hugh Gough being about to storm Canton with the British forces, the
Chinese agreed to pay a ransom of $6,000,000.
_Monday, 31_.--Elder Brigham Young visited the Saints on Long Island.
{364}
CHAPTER XX.
Arrest of the Prophet on Demand of Missouri--Trial at Monmouth--The
Acquittal.
_Tuesday, June 1, 1841_.--I accompanied my brother Hyrum and William
Law, as far as Quincy, on their mission to the East.
Elder Sidney Rigdon has been ordained a Prophet, Seer, and Revelator.
Elder Brigham Young returned from Long Island to New York, Elder
Willard Richards started to Richmond, Massachusetts with his family and
Elder Wilford Woodruff to Portland, Maine.
_Friday, 4_.--Elders Young, Kimball and Taylor left New York for
Nauvoo, by way of Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and St. Louis. Geo. A.
Smith, and Reuben Hedlock started at the same time, and went to New
Egypt, New Jersey.
[Sidenote: The Prophet's Visit with Governor Carlin.]
I called on Governor Carlin, at his residence in Quincy. During my
visit with the governor, I was treated with the greatest kindness and
respect; nothing was said about any requisition having come from the
Governor of Missouri for my arrest. In a very few hours after I had
left the Governor's residence he sent Thomas King, Sheriff of Adams
county, Thomas Jasper, a constable of Quincy, and some others as a
posse, with an officer from Missouri, to arrest me and deliver me up to
the authorities of Missouri.
[Sidenote: The Arrest of the Prophet]
_Saturday, 5_.--While I was staying at Heberlin's Hotel, {365} Bear
Creek, about twenty-eight miles south of Nauvoo, Sheriff King and posse
arrested me. Some of the posse on learning the spirit of the officer
from Missouri, left the company in disgust and returned to their
own homes. I accordingly returned to Quincy and obtained a writ of
_habeas corpus_ from Charles A. Warren, Esq., Master in Chancery; and
Judge Stephen A. Douglas happening to come to Quincy that evening, he
appointed to give a hearing on the writ on the Tuesday following, in
Monmouth, Warren county, where the court would then commence a regular
term.
[Sidenote: Apostles in New Jersey.]
Elders William Smith, and George A. Smith attended a meeting in the
woods near New Egypt, New Jersey, and preached to a large assembly;
also preached on Sunday 6th, and three were baptized; and after
preaching on the 7th four more were baptized.
[Sidenote: News of the Prophet's Arrest Reaches Nauvoo.]
_Sunday, 6_.--News of my arrest having arrived in Nauvoo last night,
and being circulated through the city, Hosea Stout, Tarleton Lewis,
William A. Hickman, John S. Higbee, Elijah Able, Uriel C. Nickerson,
and George W. Clyde started from the Nauvoo landing, in a skiff in
order to overtake me and rescue me, if necessary. They had a heavy head
wind, but arrived in Quincy at dusk; went up to Benjamin Jones's house,
and found that I had gone to Nauvoo in charge of two officers.
I returned to Nauvoo in charge of the officers (Sheriff King had been
suddenly seized with sickness; I nursed and waited upon him in my
own house, so that he might be able to go to Monmouth), and notified
several of my friends to get ready and accompany me the next morning.
_Monday, 7_.--I started very early for Monmouth, seventy-five miles
distant (taking Mr. King along with me and attending him during his
sickness), accompanied by Charles C. Rich, Amasa Lyman, Shadrack
Roundy, Reynolds Cahoon, Charles Hopkins, Alfred Randall, Elias {366}
Higbee, Morris Phelps, John P. Greene, Henry G. Sherwood, Joseph
Younger, Darwin Chase, Ira Miles, Joel S. Miles, Lucien Woodworth,
Vinson Knight, Robert B. Thompson, George Miller and others. We
traveled very late, camping about midnight in the road.
[Sidenote: The Prophet at Monmouth.]
_Tuesday, 8_.--Arrived at Monmouth and procured breakfast at the
tavern; found great excitement prevailing in the public mind, and great
curiosity was manifested by the citizens who were extremely anxious to
obtain a sight of the Prophet, expecting to see me in chains. Mr. King,
(whose health was now partly restored) had considerable difficulty
in protecting me from the mob that had gathered there. Mr. Sidney A.
Little, for the defense, moved "That the case of Mr. Smith should be
taken up," but was objected to by the States' Attorney, _pro tem_., on
account of his not being prepared, not having had sufficient notice
of the trial. By mutual consent it was accordingly postponed until
Wednesday morning.
In the evening, great excitement prevailed, and the citizens employed
several attorneys to plead against me.
I was requested to preach to the citizens of Monmouth; but as I was a
prisoner, I kept closeted in my room, for I could not even come down
stairs to my meals, but the people would be crowding the windows to get
a peep at me, and therefore appointed Elder Amasa Lyman to preach in
the Court House on Wednesday evening.
[Sidenote: The Trial.]
_Wednesday, 9_.--At an early hour the Court House was filled with
spectators desirous to hear the proceedings.
Mr. Morrison, on behalf of the people, wished for time to send to
Springfield for the indictment, it not being found with the rest of the
papers. This course would have delayed the proceedings, and, as it was
not important to the issue, the attorneys for the defense admitted that
there was an indictment, so that the investigation might proceed.
{367} Mr. Warren, for the defense, then read the petition, which stated
that I was unlawfully held in custody, and that the indictment, in
Missouri, was obtained by fraud, bribery and duress, all of which I was
prepared to prove.
Mr. Little then called upon the following witnesses, viz.,--Morris
Phelps, Elias Higbee, Reynolds Cahoon and George W. Robinson, who were
sworn. The counsel on the opposite side objected to hearing evidence
on the merits of the case, as they could not go beyond the indictment.
Upon this a warm and long discussion occurred, which occupied the
attention of the court during the entire day.
All the lawyers on the opposite side, excepting two, viz. Messrs.
Knowlton and Jennings, confined themselves to the merits of the case,
and conducted themselves as gentlemen; but it was plainly evident that
the design of Messrs. Knowlton and Jennings; was to excite the public
mind still more on the subject and inflame the passions of the people
against me and my religion.
[Sidenote: Honorable Conduct of Counsel.]
The counsel on behalf of the defense, Messrs. Charles A. Warren,
Sidney B. Little, O. H. Browning, James H. Ralston, Cyrus Walker,
and Archibald Williams, acted nobly and honorably, and stood up in
the defense of the persecuted, in a manner worthy of high-minded and
honorable gentlemen.
Some had even been told that if they engaged on the side of the
defense, they need never look to the citizens of that county for any
political favors. But they were not to be overawed by the popular
clamor or deterred from an act of public duty by any insinuations or
threats whatever, and stated, that if they had not before determined
to take a part in the defense, they, after hearing the threats of the
community, were now fully determined to discharge their duty. The
counsel for the defense spoke well without exception; and strongly
urged the legality of the court examining the testimony to prove that
the whole {368} proceedings on the part of Missouri, were base and
illegal, and that the indictment was obtained through fraud, bribery
and corruption.
The court, after hearing the counsel, adjourned about half past six p.
m.
When I was at dinner, a man rushed in and said, "Which is Jo Smith? I
have got a five dollar Kirtland bill, and I'll be damned if he don't
take it back I'll sue him, for his name is to it." I replied, "I am
the man;" took the bill and paid him the specie, which he took very
reluctantly, being anxious to kick up a fuss.
[Sidenote: Judge Douglas.]
The crowd in the court was so intense that Judge Douglas ordered the
sheriff of Warren county to keep the spectators back, but he neglected
doing so when the judge fined him ten dollars. In a few minutes he
again ordered the sheriff to keep the men back from crowding the
prisoner and witnesses. He replied, "I have told a constable to do it,"
when the judge immediately said, "Clerk, add ten dollars more to that
fine." The sheriff, finding neglect rather expensive, then attended to
his duty.
A young lawyer from Missouri volunteered to plead against me; he tried
his utmost to convict me, but was so high with liquor, and chewed so
much tobacco, that he often called for cold water. Before he had spoken
many minutes, he turned sick, requested to be excused by the court and
went out of the court house, puking all the way down stairs. As the
Illinoians call the Missouri people "pukes," this circumstance caused
considerable amusement to the members of the bar. During his plea, his
language was so outrageous that the judge was twice under the necessity
of ordering him to be silent.
Mr. O. H. Browning then commenced his plea, and in a short time the
puking lawyer returned, and requested the privilege of finishing his
plea, which was allowed.
Afterwards Mr. Browning resumed his pleadings which were powerful;
and when he gave a recitation of what he {369} himself had seen at
Quincy, and on the banks of the Mississippi river' when the Saints were
"exterminated from Missouri," where he tracked the persecuted women and
children by their bloody footmarks in the snow, they were so affecting
that the spectators were often dissolved in tears. Judge Douglas
himself and most of the officers also wept.
Elder Amasa Lyman during the evening, preached a brilliant discourse in
the Court House, on the first principles of the Gospel, which changed
the feelings of the people very materially.
_A Letter from the Editor [1] of the "Times and Seasons" to that
Journal Giving an Account of the Trial at Monmouth_.
American Hotel, Monmouth, Warren County, Illinois,
June 9, 1841. Wednesday Evening.
We have just returned from the Court House, where we have listened
to one of the most eloquent speeches ever uttered by mortal man,
in favor of justice and liberty, by O. H. Browning, Esq., who has
done himself immortal honor in the sight of all patriotic citizens
who listened to the same. He occupied the attention of the court
for more than two hours, and showed the falsity of the arguments
of the opposite counsel, and laid down principles in a lucid and
able manner which ought to guide the court in admitting testimony
for the defendant, Joseph Smith. We have heard Browning on former
occasions, when he has frequently delighted his audience by his
eloquence; but on this occasion he exceeded our most sanguine
expectations. The sentiments he advanced were just, generous and
exalted; he soared above the petty quibbles which the opposite
counsel urged, and triumphantly, in a manner and eloquence peculiar
to himself, avowed himself the friend of humanity, and boldly,
nobly and independently stood up for the rights of those who had
waded through seas of oppression and floods of injustice, and
had sought a shelter in the State of Illinois. It was an effort
worthy of a high-minded and honorable gentleman, such as we ever
considered him to be, since we have had the pleasure of his
acquaintance. Soon after we came out of Missouri, he sympathized
with us in our afflictions, and we are indeed rejoiced to know that
he {370} yet maintains the same principles of benevolence. His was
not an effort of a lawyer anxious to earn his fee, but the pure and
patriotic feelings of Christian benevolence, and a sense of justice
and of right. While he was answering the monstrous and ridiculous
arguments urged by the opposing counsel, that Joseph Smith might
go to Missouri and have his trial; he stated the circumstances of
our being driven from that State, and feelingly and emphatically
pointed out the impossibility of our obtaining justice there. There
we were forbidden to enter in consequence of the order of the
Executive, and that injustice and cruelties of the most barbarous
and atrocious character had been practiced upon us, until the
streams of Missouri had run with blood, and that he had seen women
and children, barefoot and houseless crossing the Mississippi
to seek refuge from ruthless mobs. He concluded his remarks by
saying that to tell us to go to Missouri for a trial was adding
insult to injury; and then he said: "_Great God! have I not seen
it? Yes, my eyes have beheld the blood-stained traces of innocent
women and children, in the drear winter, who had traveled hundreds
of miles barefoot, through frost and snow, to seek a refuge from
their savage pursuers. 'Twas a scene of horror sufficient to enlist
sympathy from an adamantine heart. And shall this unfortunate man,
whom their fury has seen proper to select for sacrifice, be driven
into such a savage land and none dare to enlist in the cause of
Justice? If there was no other voice under heaven ever to be heard
in this cause, gladly would I stand alone, and proudly spend my
latest breath in defense of an oppressed American citizen_."
_Thursday, 10_.--The court was opened about 8 o'clock a. m. when Judge
Douglas delivered his opinion on the case. He said: