He commenced by saying, that he knew the prejudices which were

abroad in the world against him, but requested us to pay no respect

to the rumors which were in circulation respecting him or his

doctrines. He was accompanied by three or four of his followers.

He said, "I state to you our belief, so far as time will permit."

"I believe," said he, "that there is a God, possessing all the

attributes ascribed to Him by all Christians of all denominations;

that He reigns over all things in heaven and on earth, and that

all are subject to His power." He then spoke rationally of the

attributes of Divinity, such as foreknowledge, mercy &c., &c. He

then took up the Bible. "I believe," said he, "in this sacred

volume. In it the 'Mormon' faith is to be found. We teach nothing

but what the Bible teaches. We believe nothing, but what is to be

found in this book. I believe in the fall of man, as recorded in

the Bible; I believe that God foreknew everything, but did not

foreordain everything; I deny that foreordain and foreknow is the

same thing. He foreordained the fall of man; but all merciful as

He is, He foreordained at the same time, a plan of redemption for

all mankind. I believe in the Divinity of Jesus Christ, and that

He died for the sins of all men, who in Adam had fallen." He then

entered into some details, the result of which tended to show his

total unbelief of what is termed _original sin_. He believes that

it is washed away by the blood of Christ, and that it no longer

exists. As a necessary consequence, he believes that we are all

born pure and undefiled. That _all_ children dying at an early age

(say _eight_ years) not knowing good from evil, were incapable of

sinning; and that all such assuredly go to heaven. "I believe,"

said he, "that a man is a moral, responsible, free agent; that

although it was foreordained he should fall, and be redeemed, yet

after the redemption it was not foreordained that he should again

sin. In the Bible a rule of conduct is laid down for him; in the

Old and {79} Testaments the law by which he is to be governed, may

be found. If he violates that law, he is to be punished for the

deeds done in the body."

I believe that God is eternal. That He had no beginning, and can

have no end. Eternity means that which is without beginning or

end. I believe that the _soul_ is eternal; and had no beginning;

it can have no end. Here he entered into some explanations, which

were so brief that I could not perfectly comprehend him. But the

idea seemed to be that the soul of man, the spirit, had existed

from eternity in the bosom of Divinity; and so far as he was

intelligible to me, must ultimately return from whence it came. He

said very little of rewards and punishments; but one conclusion,

from what he did say, was irresistible--he contended throughout,

that everything which had a _beginning_ must have an _ending_;

and consequently if the punishment of man _commenced_ in the next

world, it must, according to his logic and belief have an _end_.

During the whole of his address, and it occupied more than two

hours, there was no opinion or belief that he expressed, that

was calculated, in the slightest degree, to impair the morals

of society, or in any manner to degrade and brutalize the human

species. There was much in his precepts, if they were followed,

that would soften the asperities of man towards man, and that

would tend to make him a more rational being than he is generally

found to be. There was no violence, no fury, no denunciation. His

religion appears to be the religion of meekness, lowliness, and

mild persuasion.

Towards the close of his address, he remarked that he had been

represented as pretending to be a Savior, a worker of miracles,

etc. All this was false. He made no such pretensions. He was but a

man, he said; a plain, untutored man; seeking what he should do to

be saved. He performed no miracles. He did not pretend to possess

any such power. He closed by referring to the Mormon Bible, which

he said, contained nothing inconsistent or conflicting with the

Christian Bible, and he again repeated that all who would follow

the precepts of the Bible, whether Mormon or not, would assuredly

be saved.

Throughout his whole address, he displayed strongly a spirit

of charity and forbearance. The Mormon Bible, he said, was

communicated to him, _direct from heaven_. If there was such a

thing on earth, as the author of it, then he (Smith) was the

author; but the idea that he wished to impress was, that he had

penned it as dictated by God.

I have taken some pains to explain this man's belief, as he

himself explained it. I have done so because it might satisfy

your curiosity, and might be interesting to you, and some of your

friends. _I have changed my opinion of the Mormons_. They are an

injured and much-abused people. Of matters of _faith_, you know

I express no opinion. I have {80} only room to add--let William,

if you cannot do it, acknowledge the receipt of this, with the

enclosure.

Remember me to Sarah and the boys. Kiss the dear baby for me.

Affectionately your husband,

M. L. Davis.

P. S.--I omitted to say, he does not believe in infant baptism,

_sprinkling_, but in _immersion_, after _eight_ years of age.

To Mrs. Mathew L. Davis, 107 Henry Street, New York.

[Sidenote: The Prophet's Interview with Van Buren and Calhoun.]

During my stay I had an interview with Martin Van Buren, the President,

who treated me very insolently, and it was with great reluctance

he listened to our message, which, when he had heard, he said:

"_Gentlemen, your cause is just, but I can do nothing for you_;"

and "_If I take up for you I shall lose the vote of Missouri_."

His whole course went to show that he was an office-seeker, that

self-aggrandizement was his ruling passion, and that justice and

righteousness were no part of his composition. I found him such a

man as I could not conscientiously support at the head of our noble

Republic. I also had an interview with Mr. John C. Calhoun, whose

conduct towards me very ill became his station. I became satisfied

there was little use for me to tarry, to press the just claims of the

Saints on the consideration of the President or Congress, and stayed

but a few days, taking passage in company with Porter Rockwell and Dr.

Foster on the railroad and stages back to Dayton, Ohio.

_Friday, 7_.--High Council at Montrose voted to disfellowship all

brethren who should persist in keeping tippling shops in that branch of

the Church.

_Sunday, 16_.--Elder Brigham Young tarried at Elder Parley P. Pratt's,

58 Mott Street, N. Y., and Elder Heber C. Kimball arrived there this

morning.

_Thursday, 20_.--Judge Higbee I left at Washington, and he wrote me as

follows:

{81} _Elias Higbee's Letter to the Prophet, Reporting Progress of the

Cause of the Saints Before the Senate Committee_.

Washington City, Feb. 20th, 1840.

Dear Brother:--I have just returned from the Committee Room, wherein

I spoke about one hour and a half. There were but three of the

committee present, for which I am very sorry. I think they will be

obliged to acknowledge the justice of our cause. They paid good

attention; and I think my remarks were well received. It was a special

meeting appointed to hear me by my request. The Missouri Senators and

Representatives were invited to attend. Dr. Linn, and Mr. Jamieson

attended, and God gave me courage, so that I was not intimidated

by them. Dr. Linn, I thought, felt a little uneasy at times; but

manifested a much better spirit afterwards than Mr. Jamieson.

I told them first, that I represented a suffering people, who had

been deprived, together with myself, of their rights in Missouri; who

numbered something like fifteen thousand souls; and not only they,

but many others were deprived of the rights guaranteed to them by the

Constitution of the United States. At least the amount of one hundred

and fifty thousand free-born citizens are deprived the enjoyment of

citizenship in each and every state; that we had no ingress in the

state of Missouri; nor could any of us have, only at the expense of

our lives; and this by the order of the executive.

I then took their own declaration of the cause of our expulsion;

referred them to Parley P. Pratt's pamphlet, which I held in my hand;

then showed that the first accusation therein contained, was on

account of our religious tenets; furthermore, that the others were

utterly groundless. I went on to prove that the whole persecution,

from beginning to end, was grounded on our religious faith. For

evidence of this, I referred them to Porter Rockwell's testimony, and

P. Powell's. I stated that there was abundant testimony to prove this

to be a fact, among the documents.

I then gave a brief history of the persecutions, from the first

settlement in the state to our final expulsion. I also stated that

the society were industrious, inoffensive, and innocent of crime; had

the _Times and Seasons_, from which I read Governor Lucas's letter

to Alanson Ripley. I also referred to Judge Young's letter from Pike

county, the clerk's and others, respecting our character in their

section of the country. I gave them some hints of the Haun's mill

massacre, and the murder of the two little boys, but referred them

more particularly to the documents for information concerning those

things; and furthermore that I had not come here to instruct them

in what they were to do in the case, but to present them with the

facts--having all confidence in this honorable body (the Congress),

believing them to be honorable men.

{82} I demanded from them a restitution of all our rights and

privileges as citizens of the United States, and damages for all

the losses we had sustained in consequence of our persecutions and

expulsion from the state; and told them we could have recourse no

where else on earth that I knew of; that we could not sue an army of

soldiers, neither could we go into the state to sue anyone else. I

told them that I knew not how far Congress had jurisdiction in this

case, or how far they had not; but as far as they had, we claimed the

exercise of it for our relief; for we were an injured people.

These and some others were the principal subjects of my speech; after

which Mr. Jamieson said he was once in the "Mormons'" favor; but

afterwards learned that it was impossible to live among them, for

they stole their neighbors' hogs; and there being so much testimony,

he believed it, etc., etc. I replied something like this: making

statements was one thing, and proving them was another. Mr. Linn then

said he wished me to answer one thing, viz.: If the legislature of

Missouri did not refuse to investigate the subject of our difficulties

solely on account of the trials then pending. In reply I assured him

that I knew they had refused us an investigation; but as to that being

the cause, I did not know, but told him they might have done it when

those trials were discharged. He seemed to think it an injustice for

Congress to take it up before the legislature had acted on it.

I occupied all but a few minutes of the time when the Senate was to go

into session, so they adjourned until tomorrow at ten o'clock, when

the Missourians are to reply. Mr. Linn observed, that there was a

gentleman whom he would have before the committee on the morrow, who

lived in the upper part of Missouri, that knew everything relative

to the affair. I presume _he_ is to put in his gab. I suppose I

must attend the committee, as I am solicited by the chairman; but I

would rather take a flogging; because I must sit still, and hear a

volubility of lies concerning myself and brethren. _Lies_ I say, for

they have nothing but _lies_ to tell, that will in the least degree

justify their conduct in Missouri. Mr. Linn said he had written

to Missouri, to get all the evidence taken before Judge King; so

that if the thing must come up, he would be prepared to have a full

investigation of the matter, and that the committee should have power

to send for persons, papers, &c,. &c.

In my remarks I stated that an article of the Constitution was

violated in not granting compulsory process for witnesses in behalf

of the prisoners; and that the main evidence adduced, upon which

they were committed, (as I understood), was from Dr. Avard, who once

belonged to our society, and was compelled to swear as suited them

best, in order to save his life; that I knew him to be a man whose

character was the {83} worst I ever knew in all my associations or

intercourse with mankind; and that I had evidence by affidavits before

them, of five or six respectable men, to prove that all he swore to

was false.

Brethren and sisters, I want your especial prayers, that God may give

me wisdom to manage this case according to His will, and that He will

protect me from our foes, both publicly and privately.

Yours in the bonds of love,

Elias Higbee.

_Second letter of Elias Higbee to the Prophet--Cause of the Saints

before the Senate Committee_.

Washington City, February 21st, 1840.

Dear Brother.--I have just returned again from the Committee Room.

Mr. Linn and Mr. Jamieson made some remarks, to which I replied. Mr.

Linn is much more mild and reasonable (mostly perhaps from policy)

than Mr. Jamieson, who related a long lingo of stuff, which he said

was proven before the legislature in Missouri, which amounted to about

this: that Joseph Smith gave the "Mormons" liberty to trespass on

their neighbors' property; also told them, that it all belonged to

them; as they were Israelites. Upon the strength of this they became

the aggressors. I replied that the Jackson county people in their

declaration of causes that induced them to unite in order to drive the

"Mormons," the crime of stealing, or trespassing, was not mentioned;

and there was no docket, either clerk's or justice's, that could show

it, in Jackson, Clay, Caldwell, or in Daviess counties; and that no

man ever heard such teaching or doctrine from Joseph Smith, or any

other "Mormon;" that we held to no such doctrine, neither believed in

any such thing.

I mentioned some things contained in our Book of Doctrine and

Covenants; Government and Laws in general. I told them we had

published long ago our belief on that subject. Some things I

recollected, which were that all persons should obey the laws of the

government under which they lived, and that ecclesiastical power

should not be exercised to control our civil rights in any way;

particularly that ecclesiastical power should only be used in the

Church; and then no further than fellowship was concerned. I think

they injured their cause to-day. There is another appointment for

them on the morrow, at 10 o'clock. Their friend they said was sick,

consequently could not attend to-day. Mr. Linn said he thought it

would be time enough to take it up in Congress when they [the Saints]

could not get justice from the State; and that he was confident there

was a disposition in the state of Missouri to do us justice, should

we apply; that the reason of their refusing to investigate before

was, the trials of the prisoners were pending; and further said,

(when speaking of the trials before Judge King,) that he understood

from {84} gentlemen that the prisoners commended the Judge for his

clemency and fair dealing towards them; and acknowledged they were

guilty in part of the charge preferred against them. Mr. Linn said he

presumed I was not present, when said men were tried. I replied in the

negative, that I was not there, neither any body else that could be a

witness in their favor. The lawyers advised them to keep away if they

desired the salvation of their lives. I observed that I had read the

proceedings of the legislature, but did not now recollect them; but

since yesterday I have been reflecting on the subject, and recollect a

conversation I had with Mr. Harvey Redfield, who was the bearer of the

petition to Jefferson City, and he informed me that the reasons why

they refused an investigation, was on account of the Upper Missouri

members being so violently opposed to it, that they used their utmost

exertions, and finally succeeded in getting a majority against it; and

the reason of their taking this course was, in consequence of one of

their members being in the massacre at Haun's mill, viz., Mr. Ashley;

and Cornelius Gilliam was a leader of the first mob in Daviess county,

which the militia were called out to suppress.

Mr. Linn said if it must come out in Congress, it should be fully

investigated, and they, the Committee, should have power to send for

persons and papers; for if we have a right to claim damages of the

United States, so had they, if all were true concerning the acts

alleged against the "Mormons;" that they had a right to ask the

Government to pay the war against the "Mormons;" but finally seemed

to disapprove of the exterminating order, which was admitted to have

existed by Mr. Jamieson, or was issued by their legislature, but that

no one ever thought of carrying it into effect. He said that General

Clark merely advised the "Mormons" to leave the State. To which I

replied, General Clark's speech was before them; that I had stated

some of its contents yesterday; and if it were necessary, I could

prove it by four or five hundred affidavits.

Then Mr. Jamieson stated something about the prisoners making their

escape, and that he had no doubt but that they could have a fair trial

in Missouri, for the legislature, to his certain knowledge, passed

a law whereby they had a right to choose any county in the State to

be tried in. To which I replied, that I understood such a law was

passed; but notwithstanding, they could not get their trials in the

county wherein they desired; for they were forced to go to Boone,

whereas they desired to have their trials in Palmyra, where they

could get their witnesses, as that was only sixteen miles from the

river, and the other was a great distance. He said that Judge King

certainly would not go contrary to law. I told him there were some

affidavits in those documents that would tell him some things very

strange concerning Judge {85} King. Mr. Linn then wished to know if

the affidavits were from anybody else save "Mormons." I replied that

there were some others; but how many I knew not. He then wanted to

know how they were certified; whether any clerk's name was attached in

the business. I told him they were well authenticated by the Courts of

Record, with the Clerk's name attached thereto.

After these things and some others were said, the committee refused

to consult on the subject. Only the same three attended that were

in yesterday. The Chairman observed that they had not expressed any

opinion relative to the subject; but observed his mind was made up in

relation to the matter. I think, from all I have discovered, Mr. Smith

of Indiana will be on the side of justice; but how the thing will

terminate I cannot tell. Mr. Crittenden and Mr. Strange are the two

absent members of the Committee.

Yours in the bond of love,

Elias Higbee.

_Third Letter of Elias Higbee to the Prophet--Cause of the Saints

before the Senate Committee_.

Washington, February 22nd, 1840.

Dear Brother.--I have just returned from the Committee Room. The

Committee being present to-day, a Mr. Corwin of St. Louis, formerly a

democratic editor, emptied his budget; which was as great a bundle of

nonsense and stuff as could be thought of; I suppose not what he knew,

but what gentlemen had told him; for instance, the religious General

Clark and others. I confess I had hard work to restrain my feeling

some of the time, but I did succeed in keeping silence tolerably well.

Himself, Mr. Jamieson, and Mr. Linn summoned all the energies of their

minds to impress upon the assembly that "Joe Smith," as he called him,

led the people altogether by Revelation, in their temporal, civil,

and political matters, and by this means caused all the "Mormons"

to vote the "whole-hog" ticket on one side, except two persons. But

when I got an opportunity of speaking, I observed that Joseph Smith

never led any of the Church in these matters; as we considered him

to have no authority, neither did he presume to exercise any of that

nature; that Revelations were only concerning spiritual things in the

Church; and the Bible being our standard, we received no Revelations

contrary to it. I also observed that we were not such ignoramuses,

perhaps, as he fain would have people believe us to be; and some other

things on this subject. I then told him that every man exercised the

right of suffrage according to his better judgment, and without any

ecclesiastical restraint being put upon him; that it was all false

about a Revelation on voting; and the reason of our voting that ticket

was in consequence of {86} the Democratic principles having been

taught us from our infancy, and that they ever extended equal rights

to all; and further we had been much persecuted previous to that

time--many threatenings being made from the counties round about, as

well as among us, by those who took the lead in political affairs. It

was true we advised our brethren to vote this ticket, telling them we

thought that party would protect our rights, and not suffer us to be

driven from our lands, as we had hitherto been; believing it to be

by far the most liberal party; but in that we were mistaken, because

when it came to the test, there were as many Democrats turned against

us as Whigs; and indeed less liberality and political freedom were

manifested by them; for one Whig paper came out decidedly in our favor.

I made these remarks partly from motives which I may at another time

explain to you. He laid great stress on the trials at Richmond, and a

constitution, that he said Avard and others (who were in good standing

in the "Mormon" Church at this time) swore to; then went on to relate

what it contained, and that it was written by Sidney Rigdon.

I flatly denied it, and I could bring all the "Mormons," both men,

women, and children, besides myself, that would swear before all the

world, that no such thing ever existed, nor was thought of among the

"Mormons."

He then related some things which he said John Corril had told him

at the legislature, in Missouri; which were to the effect that the

"Mormons" had burnt a number of houses in Daviess county, and that

for himself, if he could not get to heaven by being an honest man, he

would never go there. Then, I, speaking of some of the dissenters,

told him Corril was anxious to get into the Church again, and that it

was the fact in regard to damages having been done, after we had been

driven from Jackson and Clay--relating the De Witt scrape, and calling

of the militia, and the mob's marching to Daviess and saying they

would drive the "Mormons" from there to Caldwell, and then to hell;

their burning our houses: that small parties on both sides were on

the alert, and probably did some damages; though I was not personally

knowing to [it], as I was not there. I told him Joseph Smith held no

office in the country, neither was he a military man, and did not take

gun in hand in the affair to my knowledge. I then stated that John

Corril's affidavit, which contained some important facts, was before

them,--which facts I forgot to mention yesterday,--importing that he

(John Corril) was convinced we would get no redress in Missouri (he

being a member of the legislature, ought to know). I saw the Chairman

of the Committee not long since, who informed me that the Committee

had not come to a final conclusion on this matter as yet.

I saw Mr. Jamieson on the walk, who said the first thing the {87}

Committee would do was to decide whether they would take it up and

consider it or not; and if they do take it up according to request,

the Senate will grant the Committee power to send for persons and

papers. The Committee made some inquiries respecting our religion, and

I answered there, as a matter of course, as well as I was able.

They inquired very particularly concerning how much land we had

entered there, and how much of it yet remained unsold; when Mr.

Corwin observed that we had never entered much land there, but were

squatters. I then described the size of Caldwell and Daviess counties,

giving an explanation on these matters.

I suppose perhaps on Monday or Tuesday, we shall know something

relative to this matter. Whether power be given them to send for

persons and papers, [or not] you may see where they depend to rally

their forces, viz., by endeavoring to make us treasonable characters,

by the constitution, said to govern us, and that everything both civil

and political among us is done by revelation. These points I desire

to blow to the four winds, and that you will select a number of firm

brethren, possessing good understanding, who will tell the truth, and

willingly send me their names when they know they are wanted. Send

plenty of them. They will get two dollars per day, and ten cents a

mile to and from, [as] expense money. Do not send them until their

subpoenas get there, for they will not draw expense money only for

going home.

I will suggest a few names--Alanson Ripley, King Follett, Amasa Lyman,

Francis M. Higbee, as they know concerning the De Witt scrape; also

send Charles C. Rich, Seymour Brunson, and others. You will know whom

to send better than myself.

If the Missourians should send for you, I would say consult God about

going.

Elias Higbee.

P. S.--Mr. Jamieson stated to me this evening, if the "Mormons" could

make it appear that they had been wronged, they would use their

influence in having them redressed, so the shame should not fall on

the whole state, but on those which had been guilty. I then observed

that there was a minority in the legislature, much in our favor, which

seemed to please him, as they alluded several times to it. The cause

of my being so particular, is to show you the whole ground I have

taken in this matter, that there may be no inconsistency. If I have

erred in this matter, it is my head and not my heart.

Elias Higbee.

_Sunday, 23_.--Elder Brigham Young had so far recovered as to be able

to attend preaching by Parley P. Pratt, at Columbia Hall, New York.

{88} The High Council of Nauvoo voted, that the notes given into the

hands of Bishop Partridge, by certain individuals, as consecrations for

building the Lord's House in Far West, be returned to the same by him.

_Tuesday, 25_.--Elders Brigham Young and Reuben Hedlock went

to Hampstead, on Long Island, and preached at Rockaway and the

neighborhood till the fourth of March, and baptized nine.

_The Fourth Letter of Elias Higbee to the Prophet--Announces that

the Senate Committee's Report will be Adverse to the Saints_.

Washington, February 26th, 1840.

Dear Brother.--I am just informed, by General Wall (the Chairman of

the Committee), before whom, or to whom, our business is referred,

that the decision is against us, or in other words unfavorable,

that they believe redress can only be had in Missouri, the courts

and legislature. He says, they will report this week. I desire to

get a copy of it, and also the papers. I feel a conscience void of

offense towards God and man in this matter; that I have discharged

my duty here; and as I wish not to be on expense, as soon as I can

write to President Rigdon, get my papers, and draw some money to

bear my expenses, I shall bid adieu to this city, to return to my

family and friends.

I feel now that we have made our last appeal to all earthly

tribunals; that we should now put our whole trust in the God of

Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. We have a right now which we could not

heretofore so fully claim--that is, of asking God for redress and

redemption, as they have been refused us by man.

Elias Higbee.

To Joseph Smith, Junior.

[Sidenote: The Prophet _en route_ for Nauvoo.]

When I had returned as far as Dayton, Ohio, I found the horses which we

left on our journey out, and from thence I pursued my journey through

Indiana on horseback, in company with Dr. Foster, leaving Brother

Porter Rockwell at Dayton; the traveling being exceedingly bad, my

progress was slow and wearisome.

[Sidenote: Death of James Mulholland.]

My clerk, James Mulholland, while I was absent, died {89} on November

3rd, 1839, aged thirty-five years. He was a man of fine education, and

a faithful scribe and Elder in the Church. [2]

_Wednesday, March 4, 1840_. I arrived safely at Nauvoo, after a

wearisome journey, through alternate snow and mud, having witnessed

many vexatious movements in government officers, whose sole object

should be the peace and prosperity and happiness of the whole people;

but instead of this, I discovered that popular clamor and personal

aggrandizement were the ruling principles of those in authority; and

my heart faints within me when I see, by the visions of the Almighty,

the end of this nation, if she continues to disregard the cries and

petitions of her virtuous citizens, as she has done, and is now doing.

I have also enjoyed many precious moments with the Saints during my

journey.

On my way home I did not fail to proclaim the iniquity and insolence of

Martin Van Buren, toward myself and an injured people, which will have

its effect upon the public mind; and may he never be elected again to

any office of trust or power, [3] by which he may abuse the innocent

and let the guilty go free.

I depended on Dr. Foster to keep my daily journal during this journey,

but he has failed me.

Elders Brigham Young and Reuben Hedlock returned to New York, and held

a conference, when many Elders were ordained.

{90} _Report of the Senate Judiciary Committee on the Case of the

Saints vs. Missouri_.

Twenty-sixth Congress--First Session.--In the Senate of the United

States, March 4th, 1840. Submitted, laid on the table, and ordered

to be printed, the following Report, made by Mr. Wall--

The Committee on the Judiciary to whom was referred the Memorial of

a Delegation of the Latter-day Saints, report--

The Petition of the Memoralists sets forth, in substance, that

a portion of their sect commenced a settlement in the county of

Jackson, in the state of Missouri, in the summer of 1831; that

they bought lands, built houses, erected churches, and established

their homes, and engaged in all the various occupations of life;

that they were expelled from that county in 1833 by a mob, under

circumstances of great outrage, cruelty, and oppression, and

against all law, and without any offense committed on their part,

and to the destruction of property to the amount of 120,000

dollars; that the society thus expelled amounted to about 1,200

souls; that no compensation was ever made for the destruction of

their property in Jackson; that after their expulsion from Jackson

county, they settled in Clay county, on the opposite side of the

Missouri river, where they purchased lands, and entered others at

the land office; where they resided peaceably for three years,

engaged in cultivation, and other useful and active employments,

when the mob again threatened their peace, lives, and property; and

they became alarmed, and finally made a treaty with the citizens

of Clay county, that they should purchase their lands, and the

Saints should remove; which was complied with on their part, and

the Saints removed to the county of Caldwell, where they took up

their abode and re-established their settlement, not without heavy

pecuniary losses and other inconveniences; that the citizens of

Clay county never paid them for their lands, except for a small

part; they remained in Caldwell from 1836 until the fall of 1838,

and during that time had acquired, by purchase from the Government,

the settlers, and pre-emptioners, almost all the lands in the

county of Caldwell, and a portion of the lands in Daviess and

Carroll counties--the former county being almost entirely settled

by the Saints, and they were rapidly filling up the two latter

counties.

Those counties, when the Saints first commenced their settlement,

were for the most part wild and uncultivated, and they had

converted them into large and well improved farms, well stocked.

Land had risen in value to ten or even twenty-five dollars per

acre, and these counties were rapidly advancing in cultivation and

wealth.

That in August, 1838, a riot commenced, growing out of an attempt

of a Saint to vote, which resulted in creating great excitement,

and the {91} perpetration of many scenes of lawless outrage, which

are set forth in the Petition. That they were finally compelled to

fly from those counties, and on the 11th October, 1838, they sought

safety by that means, with their families, leaving many of their

effects behind. That they had previously applied to the constituted

authorities of Missouri for protection, but in vain. They allege,

that they were pursued by the mob; that conflicts ensued; deaths

occurred on each side; and finally a force was organized under the

authority of the Governor of the state of Missouri, with orders to

drive the Saints from the state, or exterminate them. The Saints

thereupon determined to make no further resistance, but to submit

themselves to the authorities of the state.

Several of the Saints were arrested and imprisoned on a charge of

treason against the state, and the rest, amounting to about 15,000

souls, fled into other states, principally into Illinois, where

they now reside.

The petition is drawn up at great length, and sets forth, with

feeling and eloquence, the wrongs of which they complain; justifies

their own conduct, and aggravates that of those whom they call

their persecutors, and concludes by saying they see no redress,

unless it be obtained of the Congress of the United States, to

whom they make their solemn, last appeal, as American citizens, as

Christians, and as men; to which decision they say they will submit.

The committee have examined the case presented by the petition, and

heard the views urged by their agent, with care and attention; and

after full examination and consideration, unanimously concur in the

opinion--

That the case presented for their investigation is not such a one

as will justify or authorize any interposition by this government.

The wrongs complained of are not alleged to be committed by any of

the officers of the United States, or under the authority of its

government in any manner whatever. The allegations in the petition

relate to the acts of its citizens, and inhabitants and authorities

of the state of Missouri, of which state the petitioners were at

the time citizens, or inhabitants.

The grievances complained of in the petition are alleged to

have been done within the territory of the state of Missouri.

The committee, under these circumstances, have not considered

themselves justified in inquiring into the truth or falsehood

of the facts charged in the petition. If they are true, the

petitioners must seek relief in the courts of judicature of

the state of Missouri, or of the United States, which has the

appropriate jurisdiction to administer full and adequate redress

for the wrongs complained of, and doubless will do so fairly and

impartially; [4] {92} or the petitioners may, if they see proper,

apply to the justice and magnanimity of the state of Missouri--an

appeal which the committee feel justified in believing will never

be made in vain by the injured or oppressed.

It can never be presumed that a state either wants the power or

lacks the disposition to redress the wrongs of its own citizens,

committed within her own territory, whether they proceed from the

lawless acts of her officers or any other persons. The committee

therefore report that they recommend the passage of the following

resolution:

_Resolved_, That the committee on the judiciary be discharged from

the further consideration of the memorial in this case; and that

the memorialists have leave to withdraw the papers which accompany

their memorial.

Footnotes:

1. Richmond is in Schoharie county, about seventy miles west of Albany,

N. Y.

2. Mulholland street in Nauvoo was named in honor of this worthy man.

It ran east and west on the south side of the Temple block, and became

the principal business street of the city. It was to him that the

Prophet dictated a considerable part of his history. See History of the

Church, Vol. III, p. 375.

3. He never was. In the Presidential election of 1840, Van Buren was

renominated by the Democratic Party, but was defeated by William

Henry Harrison, the Whig candidate. Harrison received two hundred and

thirty-four electoral votes to sixty for Van Buren. In 1848 Van Buren

was again a candidate for President being the nominee of the Free Soil

Party. Lewis Cass was the nominee of the Democrats, and Zachary Taylor

of the Whigs. Taylor was elected, and Van Buren did not receive a

single electoral vote.

4. The Saints never acted upon the suggestion of the judiciary

committee of the Senate, that they take their case before the Federal

courts. The reasons why are considered at length in the introduction of

this volume which see.

{93}

CHAPTER V.

Affairs of the Saints before United States Senate--General Conference

of the Church at Nauvoo--Action of the Church with Reference to Senate

Committee's Report--Mission to Palestine.

_Friday, 6_.--Attended the meeting of the High Council of Iowa, at

Brother Elijah Fordham's, Montrose.

_Extract from the Minutes of the Iowa High Council_.

President Joseph Smith, Jun., addressed the Council on various

subjects, and in particular the consecration law; stating that

the affairs now before Congress was the only thing that ought

to interest the Saints at present; and till it was ascertained

how it would terminate, no person ought to be brought to account

before the constituted authorities of the Church for any offense

whatever; and [he] was determined that no man should be brought

before the Council in Nauvoo till that time, etc., etc. The law

of consecration could not be kept here, and that it was the will

of the Lord that we should desist from trying to keep it; and if

persisted in, it would produce a perfect defeat of its object, and

that he assumed the whole responsibility of not keeping it until

proposed by himself. [1]

{94} He requested every exertion to be made to forward affidavits

to Washington, and also letters to members of Congress. The

following votes were then passed:

First--That this Council will coincide with President Joseph Smith,

Jun.'s decision concerning the consecration law, on the principle

of its being the will of the Lord, and of President Smith's taking

the responsibility on himself.

Second--That a committee of three be appointed, consisting of

Wheeler Baldwin, Lyman Wight, and Abraham O. Smoot, to obtain

affidavits and other documents to be forwarded to the city of

Washington.

Third--That the clerk of this Council be directed to inform Judge

Higbee, that it is the wish of this Council that he should not,

upon any consideration, consent to accept of anything of Congress

short of our just rights and demands for our losses and damages in

Missouri.

_Sunday, 8_.--I attended the Council of Nauvoo, at Brother Granger's.

President Brigham Young preached in Columbia Hall, New York.

_Monday, 9_.--Elders Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, Parley P. Pratt,

Orson Pratt, George A. Smith, and Reuben Hedlock, sailed from New York

on the _Patrick Henry_ for Liverpool.

_Fifth Letter of Elias Higbee to the Prophet--the Affairs of the

Saints at Washington_.

Washington, March 9th, 1840.

Dear Brother:--I expected, by this time, that we would be through

with our business, but the chairman of the committee gave notice

last week, he should call it [the committee's Report] up today

in the Senate; through Mr. Young's having gone to Philadelphia,

it will not be called up until his return, which will be on next

Thursday, according to the information that I have obtained

relative to this matter. If the resolution is passed, as annexed to

the Report, I shall get my papers and leave the city.

I have written some letters to Brother Rigdon, which it seems he

did not get. Brother Samuel Bennett writes that Brother Rigdon left

Philadelphia for the Jerseys on the 5th instant. He [Rigdon] stated

that he expects me to come there to go with him home, and that he

would write me soon on the subject. I shall write for him to make

the necessary arrangements. He says Dr. Ell's family left about a

week ago for Commerce. Also that the Church there numbers about one

hundred; and Parley P. Pratt, Orson Pratt, Brother Kimball, Brother

Brigham {95} Young, George A. Smith, and Brother Hedlock were to

sail from New York to England on the 7th instant.

As I have lately written several letters to you, I shall bid adieu,

not to write again until after the Senate acts upon our business.

Mr. Robinson says he has sent you a report; notwithstanding, I

shall enclose another for you.

I have changed my place of boarding in consequence of Mrs. Richey's

breaking up house-keeping, and going to Baltimore. I am busy here

at chimney corner preaching.

Yours as ever in the bonds of everlasting love,

Elias Higbee.

To President Joseph Smith, Jun., Commerce, Illinois.

P. S.--Lest my previous letters should not come to hand, I merely

say that I have been before the committee three days, and done all

in my power to effect the object of our mission; have spoken my

mind freely on the subject; and feel to have a conscience void of

offense towards God in this matter. The subscription of which the

report makes mention, was on condition that they could not lawfully

do anything for us; after examination we were to submit and wait

until the Great Disposer of human events shall adjust these things,

in that place where the wicked cease from troubling and the weary

are at rest (this I think is nearly the sentiment though perhaps

not the very words); and I for one hope and pray the time will

soon come when they will not trouble us in the west, as they have

hitherto done.

There is a man here on whom I occasionally call, who owns two

printing presses and much type, reading our books, I will with the

assistance of God, get him to come to the west as soon as possible

with his press, that you may set him to printing the truth. He told

me, if we had any printing to do, he would do it cheap, and even go

to the west if necessary.

Give my respects to Porter Rockwell, Dr. Foster, and also all the

household of faith.

E. H.

_Friday, 13_.--Jacob K. Potts and Levi Stilley made affidavit before

William Oglesby, J. P., that they witnessed the massacre at Haun's mill

on the 30th of October, 1838, confirming the statements already written

in this History. Potts had two balls shot into his right leg.

_Sunday, 15_.--The High Council of the Church at Nauvoo voted that the

First Presidency superintend the affairs of the ferry between Nauvoo

and Montrose.

{96} _Monday, 16_.--Elder John Taylor wrote from Liverpool:

_Extract from Elder John Taylor's Letter--Affairs in British

Mission_.

I told you about our coming to Liverpool. The first time I preached

ten came forward [for baptism]. We have been baptizing since: last

week we baptized nine, we are to baptize tomorrow, but how many I

know not. The little stone is rolling forth. One of the brethren

dreamed he saw two men come to Liverpool; they cast a net into the

sea and pulled it out full of fishes: he was surprised to see them

pick the small fish out first and then the large. Well, if we get

all the fish I shall be satisfied.

Brother Woodruff has lately left the Potteries and has gone to

another neighborhood, and is making Methodist preachers scarce.

He baptized 32 persons in one week--13 of them were Methodist

preachers. Elder Clark is preaching and baptizing in and about

Manchester. The latest account from Elder Turley, he was well,

preaching and baptizing in the Potteries. Elder Willard Richards

is very busy at this period, in visiting and setting in order the

branches of the Church in Preston, Clithero, and all the regions

round about, and holding correspondence with the Elders abroad.

[Sidenote: Judge Elias Higbee's Course at Washington Approved.]

The High Council met at my house in Nauvoo, and resolved that Robert B.

Thompson write a letter to Judge Higbee at Washington, approving his

course and giving him certain names (for which see Thompson's letter),

that he may order subpoenas for them as witnesses in the suit now

before Congress, namely, the Latter-day Saints _versus_ the State of

Missouri, for redress of grievances.

_Letter of R. B. Thompson to Elias Higbee, Announcing the Approval

of the Church Authorities of the Latter's Course at Washington_.

Nauvoo, Hancock County, Illinois,

March 17th, 1840.

_Elias Higbee, Esq_.

Dear And Honored Sir:--It is with the greatest pleasure I sit down

to write to you at this time, to inform you of the situation and

state of the Church as regards the object of your mission.

Since President Joseph Smith returned we have been favored with

several communications from you, giving a statement of the

proceedings before the committee, etc. On Monday evening last,

your letters were read to a large concourse of our brethren, and

other persons who were assembled to hear the same; and I must say

that the greatest satisfaction was manifested by the assembled

multitude, with the {97} noble stand and straightforward and

honorable course which you had pursued; and before the assembly

separated, a vote of thanks to you was unanimously agreed upon. I

can assure you that, from the feelings there, as well as upon other

occasions, [expressed] there is not only a disposition, but a fixed

determination, to uphold you in your righteous cause and sustain

you in your efforts to obtain redress for the injuries which the

Saints have borne from their unfeeling oppressors, and in bringing

their case before the authorities of the nation.

In the evening the High Council assembled at the house of President

Joseph Smith, Jun., and took your letters into consideration, when

it was unanimously resolved that a letter should be written to you

approving the measures which you were taking. The High Council

likewise send you a list of the names of such persons as they think

will testify to such facts as you want to substantiate. The names

are as follows:

Alanson Ripley,

Francis Higbee,

Lyman Wight,

Tarlton Lewis,

Edward Partridge,

Parley P. Pratt,

Thorit Parsons,

King Follett,

Isaac Laney,

Harvey Redfield,

Ellis Eames,

Chapman Duncan,

Smith Humphrey,

Erastus Snow,

John M. Burk,

Rebecca Judd,

Heber C. Kimball,

William Seyley,

Dr. Isaac Galland,

William Chapplin,

Ira Mills,

Oliver Olney,

Hyrum Smith,

Seymour Brunson,

Samuel Bent,

Porter Rockwell,

George A. Smith,

Stephen Markham,

Thomas Grover,

Amanda Smith,

Lyman Leonard,

Alma Smith,

Zebediah Robinson,

Orson Hyde,

Charles C. Rich,

Henry G. Sherwood,

Elias Smith,

Sidney Rigdon.

There probably may be others, who may occur to your mind, whom you

can send for if you think necessary. We should feel glad if you

had the assistance of Presidents Smith and Rigdon at this critical

time, while you have to contend with Jamieson, Linn [and others].

However I hope you will go forth in the strength of the Lord, and

that truth will prevail. And I would say, "Twice is he armed who

hath his quarrel just." The principles, sir, for which you contend

are true; they are principles of justice, of humanity, of the

Constitution, and the eternal principles of righteousness.

Although mankind may depart from those principles and be swayed

{98} by popular prejudices, and undue influences; yet at the same

time, that man who contends for the same, although he cannot

always carry his point, or convince at all times partial and

interested judges--the gem or light of truth may be darkened, and

its brilliancy for a while hid--yet when the Son of Righteousness

shall arise, and disperse the darkness and mist of superstition and

bigotry; when the true light shines, then shall it shine with all

its glorious splendor and shed forth its luster with a brilliancy

upon its advocates as shall altogether surpass the equipage and

glories of those who are now in power.

Robert B. Thompson.

_Letter of Horace R. Hotchkiss to Sidney Rigdon and Joseph Smith,

Jun.--Inquiring Concerning the Progress Made Before Congress_.

Fair Haven, March 17th, 1840.

_Reverends Sidney Rigdon and Joseph Smith, Jun_.:

Gentlemen:--I some time since addressed a letter to Mr. [Joseph]

Smith at Philadelphia, to which I have received no reply; and was

in that city two or three weeks ago, but not being able to hear

anything of Mr. Smith, I suppose he must of course have left; and

with the hope of still reaching you, I now send to Washington. I

should have written you long before, and indeed very often this

winter, but my health has been miserable; and since my return from

Philadelphia, I have been confined to my house.

I beg you to inform me how you are progressing with your petition

before Congress, and its probable result; whether you have any

friends in the House or in the Senate, who will bring forward your

case, and advocate it in sincerity, and persevere in your behalf

with skill and ability until something is accomplished. Milk and

water friends in Congress are good for nothing. They must be true,

have talents, be zealous, or else they will be detrimental rather

than advantageous to you.

Should you, gentlemen, and Judge Higbee, come as far east as this,

it will afford [me] much gratification to have you take up your

quarters at my house. I did intend to see you at Washington, but my

health will not now permit.

With much respect, yours,

Horace R. Hotchkiss.

_Sixth Letter of Elias Higbee to the Prophet--Affairs of the Saints

at Washington--Papers Withdrawn_.

Washington City, March 24th, 1840.

Dear Brother:--Our business is at last ended here. Yesterday

a resolution passed the Senate, that the committee should be

discharged; and that we might withdraw the accompanying papers,

which I have {99} done. I have also taken a copy of the memorial,

and want to be off for the west immediately. I have not gotten a

letter from President Rigdon, although I have frequently written

to him. I have received a letter from Brother Bennett, stating

that he was in the Jerseys, and that he was calculating to have me

come that way and go home with him; and also that he had business

which he wanted me to attend to at the office here. When he last

wrote, he stated that as yet he had no money to get home with, and

I hardly know what course to take in regard to the matter. If I do

not receive a letter in two or three days, I design leaving for

Philadelphia or the west.

There is one honest Quaker-looking sort of a man here, by the name

of William Green, (instead of John Green, as I stated in a letter

to Brother Robinson), who has two iron printing presses, with other

things necessary, that would come to Commerce, provided you could

find work for him, and inform him of the same. How much work there

is to do I know not; therefore merely write that if such a man and

establishment are wanted, you could easily obtain them, or would

know where they could be obtained. He believes as much in our

religion as any other, but not much in any.

Yours in the Lord,

Elias Higbee.

P.S.--I would just observe, that information has reached this

place, through some of the newspapers, that you have come out for

Harrison. It is said that the information came by some gentlemen

who obtained it from you, whilst in your company in passing through

the state of Indiana. Another paper states that 1,000 houses are to

be built in Commerce this season, which I hope is the truth.

I would just observe (on the subject of our business) I am sorry

Judge Young had not insisted on the motion to print our papers, as

it would have been opposed; then a speech from Clay and Mr. Preston

would have been brought forth, as I have since learned: but I think

it was a trick of the Missouri Senators to slide it along without

making a noise, by its going to the committee as it did. Judge

Young says he was anxious to have it brought before the committee,

but seemed disposed to let it slide along easily, rather than run

the risk of its being refused.

If he had let those speeches been made, almost every one would have

read them; which would have shamed Missouri, (if there is any shame

in her), and waked up the whole country, so that by another year

Congress would do something for us. But there is no need of crying

for spilt milk. I have done all I could in this matter, depending

on the good judgment of Judge Young to legislate for us to the best

advantage. I am inclined, however, to think if it was an error, it

was one of the head, and not of the heart.

{100} Mr. Hotchkiss, of Fair Haven, Connecticut, has addressed

a letter to yourself, Brother Rigdon and myself, which seems to

be written with much good feeling. He desires to know concerning

our business here, inviting us to make his house our home, should

we travel in that region. He writes that his health is very bad.

I have been talking with Mr. Steward concerning a memorial,

requesting him to bring it before the House; he has promised to

do so if he can. He says he will talk with some of the members

respecting it. I have answered Mr. Hotchkiss' letter this day, and

sent him the report of the committee.

E. H.

At this time the work of the Lord is spreading rapidly in the United

States and England--Elders are traveling in almost every direction, and

multitudes are being baptized.

_Letter of Horace R. Hotchkiss to Joseph Smith, Jun.--Offering

Tract of Land for Sale_.

Fair Haven, 1st April, 1840.

_Reverend Joseph Smith, Jun_.:

My Dear Sir:--After writing you at, and then going to,

Philadelphia, and not finding you, I addressed a letter to

Washington City, and received a reply from Judge Higbee, by which

I first learned of your return to Illinois; and at the same time

I got the committee's report upon your application to Congress

for redress of the outrages perpetrated upon your people by the

Missourians. I am not, I must confess, much disappointed in the

result; as I know the vacillating, fawning character of many in

both houses of Congress; and these are not their worst traits

either, for they not only lack the moral courage to do right, but

will do what they know to be positively wrong, if they can make

political capital by it; and will abandon you, me, or any one else,

with perfect indifference, and heartless treachery, if by doing it

they can obtain governmental favor, or political preferment. If we

should not put our faith in princes, it appears most emphatically

true that we should repose no confidence in politicians. The idea

conveyed in the report, that exact justice will be meted to you by

the judicial tribunals of Missouri, is too preposterous to require

comment. It is indeed a new doctrine, that we should apply to

robbers, or their supporters, to condemn themselves, to restore

the valuables they have stolen, and to betray each other for the

murders they have committed.

I do not believe (though I am sorry to say it) that you will

ever receive a just or honorable remuneration for your losses of

property, or {101} any reparation for the personal indignities,

privations and sufferings which your people have sustained in

Missouri. The greatest reliance you have for regaining your

wealth is in the honorable conduct of your people--their pure

morals--their correct habits--their indefatigable industry--their

untiring perseverance--and their well-directed enterprise. These

constitute a capital which can never be shaken by man, and form

the basis of all that is great in commercial influence, or in the

attainment of pecuniary power.

Judge Higbee informs me that Mr. Rigdon is probably in New Jersey.

It would have afforded me much pleasure to have seen you all at my

house, and it was my intention to spend some time at Washington

while you were there; but my health has been so very infirm, that

it has prevented me from executing nearly all the arrangements I

had proposed for myself for the last eight months.

Knowing the additions constantly joining your society, it has

occurred to me that some of them may be unprovided with farming

lands, and I mention at this time, that I am interested in a tract

of about 12,000 acres of very choice lands, consisting of timber

and prairie, fifteen or twenty miles from Springfield, upon which

Mr. Gillett and several other families are settled and cultivating

most excellent farms. It is one of the best neighborhoods in the

state.

I do not know what my co-partners in this tract would say about

disposing of what remains unsold of the tract, (say eight to nine

thousand acres,) but I should be disposed to sell upon reasonable

terms, provided from twenty to forty families, valuable for their

prudence, industry, and good habits, from your society, can be

found to form a small colony of practical farmers. I am also

interested with the same gentlemen in lands near Rock River,

in Henry and Mercer counties, and believe this would, on many

accounts, be another extremely desirable place or location for a

colony of your people. I have said nothing to those owning with

me relative to this subject, but suppose they would be governed

materially by two considerations; namely, the characters of the

purchasers, and the fact of their being actual settlers or not.

If you think two small colonies of the right sort can be formed

from your society, you will oblige by informing me at your

earliest opportunity. The price of the balance in the tract near

Springfield, including an average proportion of timber, and an

average proportion of prairie, I should think $4.50 per acre. None

of the prairie alone has been sold for less than three dollars, and

some at three and a half; and I am confident that four and a half

dollars for timber and prairie is very low, and especially as a

credit, except for a small amount, would be extended to purchasers.

The other tract is nearly all prairie, but the finest selection of

that region. It is probably worth three and a half dollars per acre.

{102} As my paper is out, I have only room to request my respects

presented to all friends at Commerce. I beg you to tell the editor

of the _Times and Seasons_, that as soon as my health allows me to

go to the bank, I shall send him $10.

Your obedient servant,

Horace R. Hotchkiss.

_Letter of Sidney Rigdon to the Prophet_.

At James Ivans', New Jersey,

April 3rd, 1840.

_Brother Joseph Smith, Jun_.

Dear Sir:--I thought I would occupy a portion of this morning in

writing to you. By a letter received from Brother Higbee yesterday,

I have learned that the Senate has decided that they have no

constitutional right to interfere in the case between us and the

people of Missouri; and refer us to the courts for redress; either

those of Missouri or the United States. Now I am confident, that

there is but one person in Missouri that we can sue with safety,

and that is Boggs, and he is known to be a bankrupt, and unable to

pay his debts; that if we should sue him, we will have the cost to

pay, as he has nothing to pay it with. We are therefore left to

bear the loss without redress, at present.

Judge Higbee is on the way home, and has been for ten days. He

obtained money from Judge Young, to what amount I cannot say, but

he will be able to tell you when he gets home. The Judge continues

his friendship, and is ready to accommodate with money, whenever

called for. Surely he is a friend indeed, and ought never to be

forgotten.

I am up to this time without means to get home, but I have no

uneasiness about it. I shall doubtless get means as soon as my

health will admit of my going. My health is slowly improving, and I

think if I have no relapse, I will be able to leave for home some

time in the month of May, &c.

Sidney Rigdon.

[Sidenote: Arrival of Brigham Young and Associates in England.]

_Monday, April 6_.--Elders Young, Kimball, Pratt, Smith, and Hedlock

landed in Liverpool, on the first day of the eleventh year of the

Church, after a tedious passage of twenty-eight days, during sixteen

of which they encountered head winds, and one severe storm of three or

four days; and a great portion of the time the decks were covered {103}

with water--all of which tended to increase sea-sickness and suffering.

At the time of sailing President Young's and Elder Kimball's health was

very poor. George A. Smith had the ague for six days in succession.

When the ship left her moorings the shore resounded with the songs of

the Saints, who had come down to bid them farewell; they unitedly sang

"The gallant ship is under weigh," [2] until {104} out of hearing.

The brethren occupied three berths in the forecastle, taking what was

called a steerage passage. With the exception of Elder Kimball, not

one of them had ever been to sea, and the sailors called them "land

lubbers." The ship being loaded with flour and cotton, they were packed

in a small compartment with about 100 or 120 passengers, being a motley

mixture of English, Welsh, Irish, and Scotch, who were returning home

from America to visit their friends, or had got sick of "Yankeedom" and

were leaving for "sweet home."

They had scarcely been at sea twelve hours before the whole of them

were prostrated by sea-sickness. George A. Smith vomited up his

ague. [3] Brother Brigham Young, although confined to his berth by

sea-sickness during the entire journey, was unable to vomit.

On coming into the Mersey the ship cast anchor in order to wait for

the tide, when a small boat put off from the shore. Brothers Young,

Kimball, and Parley P. Pratt went in it to the landing. On reaching

the quay, Brother Young shouted hosannah three times, which he had

promised to do whenever he should land on the shores of Old England.

The brethren then went to No. 8 Union Street, Liverpool, where they

procured bread and wine in order to partake of the Sacrament.

Elders Orson Pratt and George A. Smith, and Reuben Hedlock stayed on

board to look after the baggage. About {105} three p. m., Brother

Young sent a small boat for them, and the boatmen piloted them to the

same place, where they all met together, partook of the Sacrament, and

returned thanks for their safe deliverance.

When they landed they were almost penniless. Two or three of them had

sufficient to buy hats for those who needed them the worst.

_Minutes of the General Conference of the Church_.

At a General Conference of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day

Saints, held in Nauvoo, Hancock County, Illinois, on the sixth day

of April, A.D. 1840, agreeable to previous appointment, Joseph

Smith, Jun., was called upon to preside over the meeting, and

Robert B. Thompson was chosen clerk.

The Conference was then opened by prayer by Elder John E. Page.

The President rose, made some observations on the business of the

Conference, exhorted the brethren who had charges to make against

individuals, and made some very appropriate remarks respecting

the pulling the beam out of their own eye, that they may see more

clearly the mote which was in their brother's eye.

A letter was read from presidents of the Seventies, wishing for

an explanation of the steps, which the High Council had taken, in

removing Elder F. G. Bishop from the quorum of the Seventies to

that of the High Priests, without any other ordination than he had

when in the Seventies, and wished to know whether those ordained

into the Seventies at the same time F. G. Bishop was, had a right

to the High Priesthood, [4] or not. After observations on the case

by different individuals, the president gave a statement of the

authority of the Seventies, and stated that they were Elders and

not High Priests, and consequently Brother F. G. Bishop had no

claim to that office. It was then unanimously resolved that Elder

F. G. Bishop be placed back again into the quorum of the Seventies.

On motion, resolved that the Conference adjourn until two o'clock.

Conference met pursuant to adjournment. Prayer by Elder Joseph

Young.

Elder Thomas Grover presented charges against Brother D. W. Rogers

for compiling a hymn-book, and selling it as the one compiled and

published by Sister Emma Smith; secondly, for writing a private

letter to New York City, casting reflections on the character of

Elder John P. Greene; and thirdly, for administering medicine

unskilfully, which had a bad effect.

{106} On motion, resolved, that, as Brother Rogers is not present,

his case be laid over until tomorrow.

Elder John Lawson then came forward and stated, that in consequence

of some difficulty existing in the branch of the Church where

he resided, respecting the Word of Wisdom, fellowship had been

withdrawn from him, and also from Brother Thomas S. Edwards. After

hearing the particulars, on motion, resolved, that John Lawson and

Thomas S. Edwards be restored to fellowship.

Elder Orson Hyde addressed the Conference at some length, and

stated that it had been prophesied, some years ago, that he had

a great work to perform among the Jews; and that he had recently

been moved upon by the Spirit of the Lord to visit that people, and

gather up all the information he could respecting their movements,

expectations, &c., and communicate the same to this Church, and to

the nation at large; stating that he intended to visit the Jews in

New York, London, and Amsterdam, and then visit Constantinople and

the Holy Land.

On motion, resolved, that Elder Orson Hyde proceed on his mission

to the Jews, and that letters of recommendation be given him,

signed by the President and Clerk of the Conference.

Elder John E. Page then arose, and spoke with much force on the

subject of Elder Hyde's mission, the gathering of the Jews, and

the restoration of the house of Israel; proving, in a brief but

convincing manner, from the Bible, Book of Mormon, and the Book of

Doctrine and Covenants, that these things must take place, and that

the time had nearly arrived for their accomplishment.

Adjourned until tomorrow morning, nine o'clock.

_Tuesday morning, April 7_.

Conference met pursuant to adjournment. A hymn was sung by the

choir, and the throne of grace was addressed by Elder Caleb Baldwin.

Brother D. W. Rogers' case was then called up, and after many

observations and explanations, it was on motion resolved, that D.

W. Rogers be forgiven, and the hand of fellowship be continued

towards him.

Conference adjourned for one hour, and met pursuant to adjournment.

A hymn was sung by the choir, followed by prayer by Elder Reynolds

Cahoon.

The President called upon the Clerk to read the report of the First

Presidency and High Council, with regard to their proceedings in

purchasing lands, and securing a place of gathering for the Saints.

The report having been read, the President made some observations

respecting the pecuniary affairs of the Church, and requested the

brethren to step forward, and assist in liquidating the debts on

the town plot, so that the poor might have an inheritance.

{107} The President then gave an account of their mission to

Washington City, the treatment they received, and the action of the

Senate on the Memorial which was presented before them. The meeting

then called for the reading of the Memorial, and the report of the

Committee on Judiciary, to whom the same was referred, which were

read.

On motion, resolved that a committee of five be appointed to draft

resolutions expressive of the sentiments of this Conference in

reference to the report. On motion it was resolved, that Robert

D. Foster, Orson Hyde, John E. Page, Joseph Wood, and Robert B.

Thompson compose said committee, and report to this Conference.

Resolved, that this meeting adjourn until tomorrow morning.

_Wednesday morning, April 8_.

Conference met pursuant to adjournment. A number were confirmed who

had been baptized the previous evening. Prayer by Elder Marks.

The Committee appointed to draft resolutions on the report of the

Senate Committee of the Judiciary were then called upon to make

their report. Robert B. Thompson of the Committee then read the

_Resolutions_:

Whereas, we learn, with deep sorrow, regret, and disappointment,

that the Committee on the Judiciary to whom was referred the

Memorial of the members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day

Saints (commonly called "Mormons"), complaining of the grievances

suffered by them in the state of Missouri, have reported

unfavorably to our cause, to justice, and humanity;

_Therefore Resolved 1st_: That we consider the report of the

Committee on Judiciary, unconstitutional, and subversive to the

rights of a free people, and justly calls for the disapprobation

of all the supporters and lovers of good government and republican

principles.

_Resolved, 2ndly_: That the Committee state, in their report,

that our Memorial _aggravates_ the case of our oppressors, and at

the same time say, that they have not examined into the truth or

falsehood of the facts mentioned in said Memorial.

_Resolved, 3rdly_: That the Memorial does not aggravate the conduct

of our oppressors, as every statement set forth in said Memorial

was substantiated by indubitable testimony; therefore we consider

the statements of the Committee, in regard to that part, as false

and ungenerous.

_Resolved, 4thly_: That that part of the report referring us to

the justice and magnanimity of the state of Missouri for redress,

we deem it a great insult to our good sense, better judgment, and

intelligence, when numerous affidavits, which were laid before

the Committee, prove that we could only go into the state of

Missouri contrary to the exterminating order of the Governor, and

consequently at the risk of our lives.

{108} _Resolved, 5thly_: That after repeated appeals to the

constituted authorities of the state of Missouri for redress, which

were in vain, we fondly hoped that in the Congress of the United

States, ample justice would have been rendered us; and upon that

consideration alone, we pledged ourselves to abide their decision.

_Resolved, 6thly_: That the exterminating order of Governor Boggs

is a direct infraction of the Constitution of the United States,

and of the state of Missouri; and the committee in refusing to

investigate the proceedings of the Executive and others of the

state of Missouri, and turning a deaf ear to the cries of widows,

orphans, and innocent blood, we deem no less than seconding the

proceeding of that murderous clan, whose deeds are recorded in

heaven, and justly call down upon their heads the righteous

judgments of an offended God.

_Resolved, 7thly_: That the thanks of this meeting be tendered to

the citizens of the state of Illinois, for their kind, liberal, and

generous conduct towards us; and that we call upon them, as well

as every patriot in this vast Republic, to aid us in all lawful

endeavors to obtain redress for the injuries we have sustained.

_Resolved, 8thly_: That the thanks of this meeting be tendered

to the delegation of Illinois, for the bold, manly, noble, and

independent course they have taken in presenting our case before

the nation, amid misrepresentation, contumely, and abuse, which

were heaped upon us in our suffering condition.

_Resolved, 9thly_: That the thanks of this meeting be tendered to

Governor Carlin of Illinois, Governor Lucas of Iowa Territory, for

their sympathy, aid, and protection; and to all other honorable

gentlemen who have assisted us in our endeavors to obtain redress.

_Resolved, 10thly_: That Joseph Smith, Jun., Sidney Rigdon, and

Elias Higbee, the Delegates appointed by this Church to visit

the City of Washington, to present our sufferings before the

authorities of the nation, be tendered the thanks of this meeting

for the prompt and efficient manner in which they have discharged

their duty; and that they be requested, in behalf of the Church

of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints throughout the world, to

continue to use their endeavors to obtain redress for a suffering

people. And if all hopes of obtaining satisfaction for the injuries

done us be entirely blasted, that they then appeal our case to

the Court of Heaven, believing that the Great Jehovah, who rules

over the destiny of nations, and who notices the falling sparrows,

will undoubtedly redress our wrongs, and ere long avenge us of our

adversaries. [5]

On motion, _Resolved_, That the report of the committee on the

Judiciary, {109} as well as the foregoing Preamble and Resolutions,

be published in the Quincy papers.

On motion, _Resolved_, That a committee of three be appointed to

investigate the recommendations of those persons who wish to obtain

an ordination to the ministry, and ordain such as are thought

worthy; and that Elders Bent, Wood, and Hyde compose said committee.

_Resolved_, That this meeting feel satisfied with the proceeding of

the Presidency with regard to the sales of town property, &c., and

that they are requested to continue in their agency.

_Resolved_, That this meeting adjourn for one hour.

Conference met pursuant to adjournment.

After singing the President arose and read the 3rd chapter of

John's Gospel, after which, prayer was offered by Elder Erastus

Snow.

The President commenced making observations on the different

subjects embraced in the chapter [previously read] particularly the

3rd, 4th, and 5th verses, illustrating them with a very beautiful

and striking figure, and throwing a flood of light on the subjects

brought up to review. He then spoke to the Elders respecting their

mission, and advised those who went into the world to preach the

Gospel, to leave their families provided with the necessaries

of life; and to teach the gathering as set forth in the Holy

Scripture. That it had been wisdom for the most of the Church

to keep on this side of the river, that a foundation might be

established in this place; but that now it was the privilege of the

Saints to occupy the lands in Iowa, or wherever the Spirit might

lead them. That he did not wish to have any political influence,

but wished the Saints to use their political franchise to the best

of their knowledge.

He then stated that since Elder Hyde had been appointed to visit

the Jews, he had felt an impression that it would be well for Elder

John E. Page to accompany him on his mission. It was resolved that

Elder John E. Page be appointed to accompany Elder Orson Hyde on

his mission, and that he have proper credentials given him.

It was then resolved, that as a great part of the time of the

Conference had been taken up with charges against individuals,

which might have been settled by the different authorities of

the Church, that in future no such cases be brought before the

Conferences.

The Committee on ordinations reported that they had ordained

thirty-one persons to be Elders in the Church, who were ordained

under the hands of Alpheus Gifford [6] and Stephen Perry, which

report was accepted.

{110} Fredrick G. Williams presented himself on the stand, and

humbly asked forgiveness for his conduct, [while in Missouri], and

expressed his determination to do the will of God in the future.

His case was presented to the Conference by President Hyrum Smith,

when it was unanimously

_Resolved_,

That Fredrick G. Williams be forgiven, and be received into the

fellowship of the Church.

It was reported that seventy-five persons had been baptized during

the Conference, and that upwards of fifty had been received into

the quorum of Seventies.

President Hyrum Smith dismissed the assembly. After he had made a

few observations, the Conference was closed, under the blessings of

the Presidency, until the first Friday in October next.

Joseph Smith, Jun.,

President.

Footnotes:

1. This is the record of a very important action. The law of

consecration and stewardship, with which the action deals, was given

to the church by revelation (Doc. and Cov. sec. xlii). Its fundamental

principle is the recognition of God as the possessor of all things, the

earth and the fullness thereof. It is His by right of proprietorship.

He created it and sustains it by His power. This recognized, it follows

that whatsoever man possesses in it, he holds as a stewardship merely.

These principles the Saints were called upon to recognize and act under

in the establishment of Zion in Missouri; and apparently the Saints

in Iowa were disposed to undertake the same order of things in the

settlement they were then making, until stopped by the Prophet. The

action of the Prophet in this instance demonstrates the elasticity in

church government, and law. The Lord, who commanded to move forward,

may also command a halt. He who said take neither purse nor scrip when

going to preach the Gospel (Matt. x:10) may later say, under other

circumstances, "He that hath a purse let him take it, and likewise

his scrip" (Luke xxii:35, 36). So, too, in other matters. The Lord

commanded the colony of Lehi that there should no man among them

"have save it be but one wife, and concubines ye shall have none;"

yet reserved the right to command His people otherwise should the

accomplishment of His purposes require it. (Book of Mormon, Jacob

ii:24-30.)

2. The hymn was composed by W. W. Phelps, and is worthy of reproduction

in extenso.

The gallant ship is under weigh

To bear me off to sea,

And yonder floats the streamer gay

That says she waits for me.

The seamen dip the ready oar,

As rippled waves oft tell,

They bear me swiftly from the shore:

My native land, farewell!

I go, not to plough the main,

To ease a restless mind,

Nor yet to toil on battle's plain,

The victor's wreath to find.

'Tis not for treasures that are hid

In mountain or in dell,

'Tis not for joys like these I bid

My native land, farewell!

I go to break the fowler's snare,

To gather Israel home;

I go the name of Christ to bear

In lands and isles unknown.

And soon my pilgrim feet shall tread

On land where errors dwell,

Whence light and truth have long since fled,

My native land, farewell!

I go, an erring child of dust,

Ten thousand foes among,

Yet on His mighty arm I trust.

Who makes the feeble strong.

My sun, my shield, forever nigh.

He will my fears dispel,

This hope supports me when I sigh,

My native land, farewell!

I go devoted to His cause,

And to His will resigned;

His presence will supply the loss

Of all I leave behind.

His promise cheers the sinking heart

And lights the darkest cell,

To exiled pilgrims grace imparts;

My native land, farewell!

I go, it is my Master's call,

He's made my duty plain,

No danger can the heart appall

When Jesus stoops to reign.

And now the vessel's side we've made,

The sails their bosoms swell.

Thy beauties in the distance fade,

My native land, farewell!

3. It is said that he never had the ague afterwards.

4. To the office of High Priest is what is meant; Seventies, of course,

hold the Melchisedek or High Priesthood.

5. See Introduction to Volume III History of the Church, where

retribution on Missouri is considered at length.

6. Alpheus Gifford was born in Adams township, Berkshire County,

Massachusetts, August 28, 1793. At the age of eighteen, having scarcely

sufficient learning to enable him to read the Bible, he commenced

preaching the Gospel, not for hire, but for the salvation of souls.

In 1817, he married Anna Nash, who bore him seven sons and three

daughters. In the spring of 1831, hearing of the doctrines taught by

Joseph Smith he made diligent inquiry and found they were scriptural

and was baptized and ordained a priest; he brought home five books of

Mormon which he distributed among his friends; he was then living in

Tioga County, Pennsylvania. Soon after he went to Kirtland, Ohio, to

see the Prophet Joseph Smith and the brethren, when he was ordained

an elder; he was accompanied by his brother Levi, Elial Strong,

Eleazer Miller, Enos Curtis, and Abraham Brown, who were baptized. On

returning to Pennsylvania he preached and baptized many, among whom

was Heber C. Kimball. The gifts of the Gospel were enjoyed by many,

signs followed those who believed; devils were cast out; the sick were

healed; many prophesied; some spake with new tongues; while others

interpreted the same. Mr. Calvin Gilmour, with whom Brother Gifford had

previously been associated in preaching, heard him speak in tongues and

interpret. Gilmour declared he understood the languages and that they

were interpreted correctly, and that he knew Gifford had no classical

learning; but that he would rather be damned than believe in Mormonism.

In June 1832, Brother Gifford started for Missouri; traveled to

Cincinnati and wintered there with a few saints who bad been baptized

by Lyman Wight. He arrived in Jackson county, Missouri, in March, 1833,

where he preached extensively; he was driven with the Saints from that

county in the fall of that year. He removed to Clay county, enduring

the persecution incident upon settling in, and final expulsion from,

the same. He went to Kirtland, Ohio, and attended the dedication of the

Temple and received the ordinances there administered. He returned to

Missouri and was driven with the Saints to Far West, Caldwell county.

In the winter of 1839, he was driven from Missouri. He located in the

Morley settlement near Lima, Illinois, and subsequently five miles

above Nauvoo, where he died December 25, 1841. (_Addenda_, Ms. Church

History, Book "C" 2. Also page 404.)

{111}

CHAPTER VI.

Development of the Work in England--The Palestine Mission--Post-Office

Name Changed from Commerce to Nauvoo.

_April 7_.--The brethren [President Brigham Young, _et al_.] found

Elder John Taylor, who, in company with Joseph Fielding, had recently

built up a branch of twenty-eight members in Liverpool.

_April 8_.--President Brigham Young and company went to Elder

Richards', at Preston, by railway; when they arrived there, they had

not a single sixpence left. So emaciated was President Young at this

time from his long sickness, and journey, that when Elder Richards

returned home this day from a mission to Clitheroe, and found him in

his room, he did not know him.

_Letter of Hon. Richard M. Young to Elias Higbee_.

Washington City, April 9, 1840.

_Judge Elias Higbee_:

Dear Sir:--Having a private opportunity, by Judge Snow, of Quincy,

I have sent you two receipts, one for $50, and the other for $90,

making together $140, to Mr. E. I. Philips, cashier of the branch

of the State Bank of Illinois, at Quincy. When it is convenient

for you to make payment, will you have the goodness to send the

money to Mr. Philips, who is instructed to receive it, and apply it

towards the payment of a note of mine in that bank.

I received a letter from Mr. Rigdon a few days ago. It was mailed

in Philadelphia, but was dated on the inside in New Jersey. His

health is gradually but slowly improving, and he thinks he will set

out for home some time in May. He wished a small sum of money, $40,

deposited in one of the banks here, for a gentleman in Buffalo,

New York, which I have attended to according to his direction and

request. I also informed him, if he stood in need of more, to call

on me and it would give me pleasure to accommodate him; so you need

not be uneasy on that score.

{112} Nothing new has transpired since you left us, with the

exception of the death of one of the Connecticut Senators, Mr.

Thadeus Betts, who died yesterday. His funeral took place today,

hence no business was transacted in the Senate. We have also lost

the Cumberland Road Bill by a final vote in the Senate, 20 voting

for and 22 against it; one single vote from the majority would

have saved it, by making a tie. The Vice-President was exceedingly

anxious for the opportunity of getting the casting vote in its

favor. Mr. Clay, of Kentucky, made a speech against and voted

throughout against it. Grundy, of Tennessee, Wright of New York,

and Buchanan of Pennsylvania, three of the leading Democrats in the

Senate voted for it. There were but seven Whigs who voted for it,

and thirteen Democrats. I think we will adjourn about the first or

second Monday in June.

I received from Mr. Rigdon the Petition and papers in relation to

a change of postmaster at Commerce, with an affidavit from Doctor

Galland, all of which have been laid before the proper department.

As soon as I get an answer, it shall be communicated to you. Don't

forget to have the _Times and Seasons_ sent to me. Give my respects

to Rev. Joseph Smith, and accept for yourself my best wishes for

your happiness.

Yours, etc.,

Richard M. Young.

[Sidenote: _The News_.]

In the _Times and Seasons_ of this month is a prospectus for publishing

at Nauvoo, a weekly paper, to be called _The News_. [1]

_Orson Hyde's Credentials as a Missionary to Palestine_.

_To all people unto whom these presents shall come, Greeting_--

Be it known that we, the constituted authorities of the Church

of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, assembled in Conference at

Nauvoo, Hancock county, and state of Illinois, on the sixth day

of April, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and

forty, considering an important event at hand, an event involving

the interest and fate of the Gentile nations throughout the

world--from the signs of the times and from declarations contained

in the oracles of God, we are forced to come to this conclusion.

The Jewish nations have been scattered abroad among the Gentiles

for a long period; and in our estimation, the {113} time of the

commencement of their return to the Holy Land has already arrived.

As this scattered and persecuted people are set among the Gentiles

as a sign unto them of the second coming of the Messiah, and also

of the overthrow of the present kingdoms and governments of the

earth, by the potency of His Almighty arm in scattering famine and

pestilence like the frosts and snows of winter, and sending the

sword with nation against nation to bathe it in each other's blood;

it is highly important, in our opinion, that the present views and

movements of the Jewish people be sought after and laid before the

American people, for their consideration, their profit and their

learning.

And feeling it to be our duty to employ the most efficient means

in our power to save the children of men from "the abomination

that maketh desolate," we have, by the counsel of the Holy Spirit,

appointed Elder Orson Hyde, the bearer of these presents, a

faithful and worthy minister of Jesus Christ, to be our Agent and

Representative in foreign lands, to visit the cities of London,

Amsterdam, Constantinople, and Jerusalem; and also other places

that he may deem expedient; and converse with the priests, rulers,

and elders of the Jews, and obtain from them all the information

possible, and communicate the same to some principal paper for

publication, that it may have a general circulation throughout the

United States.

As Mr. Hyde has willingly and cheerfully accepted the appointment

to become our servant and the servant of the public in distant and

foreign countries, for Christ's sake, we do confidently recommend

him to all religious and Christian people, and to gentlemen and

ladies making no profession, as a worthy member of society,

possessing much zeal to promote the happiness of mankind, fully

believing that they will be forward to render him all the pecuniary

aid he needs to accomplish this laborious and hazardous mission for

the general good of the human family.

Ministers of every denomination upon whom Mr. Hyde shall call, are

requested to hold up his hands, and aid him by their influence,

with an assurance that such as do this shall have the prayers and

blessings of a poor and afflicted people, whose blood has flowed

to test the depths of their sincerity and to crimson the face of

freedom's soil with martyr's blood.

Mr. Hyde is instructed by this Conference to transmit to this

country nothing but simple facts for publication, entirely

disconnected with any peculiar views of theology, leaving each

class to make their own comments and draw their own inferences.

Given under our hands at the time and place before mentioned.

Joseph Smith, Jun., Chairman.

Robert B. Thompson, Clerk.

{114} _Sunday, 12_.--Several of the Twelve bore their public testimony

to the Gospel in the Cock Pit, Preston.

The High Council of Nauvoo met at my house, when I proposed that

Brother Hyrum Smith go east with Oliver Granger to settle some business

transactions of the Church which the Council sanctioned; and voted,

"that President Joseph Smith, Jun., make the necessary credentials for

Oliver Granger and Hyrum Smith."

[Sidenote: Earthquakes.]

_Monday, 13_.--From the second of October, 1839, to this date, there

have been one hundred and forty-five shocks of earthquake in Scotland,

reported by Mr. Milne to the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Some of these

shocks were sufficient to alter the natural levels of the ground more

than two degrees, and some witnesses thought four degrees, and caused

houses to rock like boats on the sea.

[Sidenote: Ordination of Willard Richards to the Apostleship.]

_Tuesday, 14_.--A council of the Twelve, namely, Brigham Young, Heber

C. Kimball, Parley P. Pratt, Orson Pratt, Wilford Woodruff, George

A. Smith and John Taylor, was held at the house of Elder Willard

Richards, in Preston, England, when the latter was ordained to the

Apostleship,--agreeably to the revelation,--by President Young, under

the hands of the quorum present. Other business was transacted, as

also on the following days, all of which may be seen by reference to

President Young's letter of the 17th instant.

_Wednesday, 15_.--Elder Orson Hyde left Commerce for Jerusalem.

_Thursday, 16_.--Elder Orson Hyde met with John E. Page at Lima.

_Letter of Brigham Young to the Saints of the United

States--Affairs of the British Mission_.

Preston, England, April 17, 1840.

To the Saints in the United States of America: For the comfort of

the Church in general, in that country, I attempt to address a few

lines {115} to you, to let you know where we are, and what we are

doing in this country.

The work of the Lord is progressing here, and has been ever since

Elders Orson Hyde and H. C. Kimball left this country. According

to the account that the Elders give of their labors, there have

been about eight or nine hundred persons baptized since they left.

The Gospel is spreading, the devils are roaring. As nigh as I can

learn, the priests are howling, the tares are binding up, the wheat

is gathering, nations are trembling, and kingdoms tottering; "men's

hearts failing them for fear, and for looking for those things that

are coming on the earth." The poor among men are rejoicing in the

Lord, and the meek do increase their joy. The hearts of the wicked

do wax worse and worse, deceiving and being deceived.

But I rejoice that I am counted worthy to be one of the number to

carry salvation to the poor and meek of the earth. Brethren, I want

to say many things, but I shall not have room on this paper, as I

design giving the minutes of our conference below.

After a long and tedious voyage of 28 days on the water, we landed

in Liverpool, Elders Heber C. Kimball, Parley P. Pratt, Orson

Pratt, George A. Smith, Reuben Hedlock, were in the company. We

rejoiced in the Lord, and when we cast our minds upon the Saints in

that country, [the United States] we could, by faith participate in

their joys, realizing they were met in conference, it being the 6th

day of April. We soon found a room that we could have to ourselves,

which made our solemn assembly glorious. We blest each other and

prepared for our labor. The next day we found Elder Taylor in the

city. There had been about thirty baptized. On Wednesday went to

Preston; met with the church on Sunday, and bore testimony to the

things the Lord is doing in these last day's. President Joseph

Fielding gave out an appointment for a conference for the church on

Wednesday, the 15th.

At a council of the Twelve, held in Preston, England, on the 14th

of April, 1840, it being the 9th day of the 1st month of the 11th

year of the rise of the Church of Jesus Christ, Elders Brigham

Young, Heber C. Kimball, Parley P. Pratt, Orson Pratt, Wilford

Woodruff, John Taylor and George A. Smith, being present, Elder

Brigham Young was called to preside, and Elder John Taylor chosen

secretary.

The council was opened by prayer by Elder Brigham Young. Elder

Willard Richards was ordained to the office of an Apostle, and

received into the quorum of the Twelve by unanimous vote, according

to previous revelation. Elder Brigham Young was unanimously chosen

as the President of the Twelve. [2]

{116} Resolved, that he who acts as the secretary of the quorum,

shall prepare the minutes of the conference of the quorum, and

deposit them in the hands of the president for keeping.

Moved by Elder Kimball, and seconded by Elder Richards, that twenty

of the Seventies be sent for, and that it be left discretionary

with the President of the Twelve to send for more if he think

proper. Conference adjourned. Benediction by Elder Kimball.

At a general conference of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day

Saints, held in the Temperance Hall, Preston, Lancashire, England,

on the 15th of April, 1840, President Joseph Fielding called upon

Elder Kimball to preside, and Elder William Clayton was chosen

clerk, it being the 10th day of the 1st month of the 11th year of

the rise of the Church.

The meeting was opened by singing, and prayer by Elder Kimball.

Elder Kimball then called upon the Elders to represent the

different branches of the Church. Elder Joseph Fielding represented

the church in Preston, consisting of about three hundred members,

seven Elders, eight Priests, six Teachers, and two Deacons. Elder

Peter Melling represented the church in Penworthan, consisting of

seventy-three members, three Elders, one Priest, two Teachers. John

Jackson represented the church at Southport, consisting of twenty

members, one Priest, and one Teacher. Elder John Moon represented

the church at Danbers Lane, and neighborhood--members generally in

good standing, consisting of fifty-four members, one Elder, two

Priests, three Teachers. Richard Benson, represented the church at

Hunter's Hill and neighborhood, consisting of seventeen members,

one Elder, one Priest, one Teacher.

Elder Amos Fielding, represented the church at Bolton, consisting

of sixty members, one Elder, two Priests, two Teachers. Elder Amos

Fielding represented the church at Heskin, consisting of three

members, one Elder. Elder Amos Fielding represented the Church at

Radcliff, consisting of ten members. Elder Withnal represented

the {117} church at Whittle, consisting of eighteen members, one

Elder, four Priests. Elder Francis Clark represented the church

at Ribchester, consisting of twenty-five members, two Elders, one

Priest. Elder Thomas Richardson represented the church at Burnley,

consisting of twenty four members, generally in good standing, one

Priest, one Teacher. Elder Francis Moon represented the church

at Blackburn, consisting of fifteen members, one Priest. Elder

James Smithies represented the church at Chardgley and Thornley,

consisting of twenty-nine members, two Elders, one Priest, one

Teacher, one Deacon.

Priest John Ellison represented the church at Waddington,

consisting of fifty members, two Priests, two Teachers, one Deacon.

Elder Thomas Smith represented the church at Clitheroe, consisting

of twenty-seven members, one Elder, three Priests. Elder Thomas

Smith represented the church at Catburn, consisting of eighty-four

members, one Elder, two Priests, two Teachers, one Deacon. Elder

Thomas Smith represented the church at Downham, consisting of

twenty members, one Teacher, one Deacon.

Elder Thomas Smith represented the church at Gridleton, consisting

of five members. Elder William Clayton represented the church at

Manchester, consisting of two hundred and forty members, three

Elders, five Priests, four Teachers, one Deacon. Elder William

Clayton represented the church at Stockport, consisting of forty

members, one Priest, two Teachers, one Deacon. Elder William

Clayton represented the church at Peover and Macclesfield,

consisting of thirty members, three Priests. Elder William

Clayton represented the church at Duckinfield, consisting of

thirty members, one Priest. Elder William Clayton represented the

church at Altrincham, consisting of eight members, one Priest,

one Teacher. Elder William Clayton represented the church at

Middlewich, consisting of six members.

Elder David Wilding represented the church at Bury and Elton,

consisting of twelve members. Elder Wilford Woodruff represented

the church in the Potteries, consisting of one hundred and one

members, one Elder, two Priests, four Teachers, one Deacon.

Elder Wilford Woodruff represented the church at Herefordshire,

consisting of one hundred and sixty members, one Elder, two

Priests; about forty of them were Methodist preachers of the United

Brethren.

Elder John Taylor represented the church at Liverpool, consisting

of twenty-eight members. Elder Joseph Fielding represented the

church at Alston, Cumberland, consisting of forty members,

two Elders, two Priests, two Teachers. Elder Willard Richards

represented the church at Brampton, consisting of thirty members,

one Elder, one Priest. Elder Willard Richards represented the

church at Bedford, consisting of forty members, one Elder, one

Priest. Elder Willard Richards {118} represented the church at

Scotland, consisting of twenty-one members, three Elders.

The meeting was then adjourned for one hour. The conference again

assembled at half-past one o'clock. Meeting opened by prayer, and

business commenced.

Elder John Moon represented the church at Layland Moss, consisting

of six members, one Priest.

Elder Willard Richards having been previously ordained into the

quorum of the Twelve, according to previous revelation, it was

moved by Elder Young, and seconded by Elder Taylor, that Elder

Hyrum Clark be appointed as a counselor to Elder Fielding, in the

place of Elder Richards; carried unanimously.

Moved by Elder Fielding, seconded by Elder Young, that a hymnbook

should be published; carried. Moved and seconded, that the

publishing of the hymn-book shall be done by the direction of the

Twelve; carried.

Moved and seconded that a monthly periodical shall be published

under the direction and superintendence of the Twelve, for the

benefit and information of the Church, as soon as a sufficient

number of subscribers shall be obtained; carried.

Moved and seconded that Brother John Blazard, of Samsbury, be

ordained to the office of a Priest; carried.

Moved and seconded that Brother James Cobridge, of Thornley, be

ordained to the office of Priest; carried.

Elder Kimball then laid before the conference the importance and

propriety of ordaining a Patriarch to bestow patriarchal blessings

on the fatherless, &c.; referred to the Twelve, whose business it

is to select one, and ordain him according to the directions of the

Spirit.

After various remarks and addresses given by the Elders, President

Fielding and his counselors proceeded to ordain Brothers Blazard

and Cobridge to their offices, as stated above.

Elder Kimball then called upon the clerk to read over the minutes

of the conference, which being done, they were received by the

unanimous voice of the conference.

Moved by Elder Young, and seconded by Elder Parley P. Pratt, that

this conference be adjourned until the 6th of July next, to be held

in Preston, at 10 o'clock a. m.; carried. Meeting then adjourned.

H. C. Kimball, President.

Wm. Clayton, Clerk.

_Council Meeting of the Twelve in England--Hymn-Book and the

"Millennial Star" Projected_.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment, April 16th, 1840. The

number of the quorum the same as on the 14th.

{119} Moved by Elder Young, seconded by Elder Taylor, that Elder

Parley P. Pratt be chosen as the editor of the monthly periodical

for the Church.

Moved by Elder Kimball, seconded by Parley P. Pratt, that a

committee of three be appointed to make a selection of hymns.

Moved by Elder Orson Pratt, and seconded by Elder Wilford Woodruff,

that Elders Brigham Young, Parley P. Pratt, and John Taylor form

the committee for that purpose.

Moved by Elder Willard Richards, seconded by Elder George A. Smith,

that the name of the paper or periodical be the _Latter-day Saints

Millennial Star_.

Moved by Elder Brigham Young, seconded by Elder Orson Pratt, that

the size of the paper, its plan, and price be left at the disposal

of the editor.

Moved by Elder Brigham Young, seconded by Elder Heber C. Kimball,

that the Saints receive a recommend to the Church in America to

move in small or large bodies, inasmuch as they desire to emigrate

to that new country.

Moved by Elder Brigham Young, seconded by Parley P. Pratt, that we

recommend no one to go to America that has money, without assisting

the poor according to our counsel from time to time.

Moved by Elder John Taylor, seconded by Elder Parley P. Pratt, that

the copyright of the Book of Doctrine and Covenants and the Book of

Mormon be secured as quick as possible.

Moved by Elder Woodruff, seconded by Elder Willard Richards, that

Elders Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, and Parley P. Pratt be the

committee to secure the copyright.

Moved by Elder Heber C. Kimball, and seconded by Elder Willard

Richards, that Elder Peter Melling be ordained an evangelical

minister [Patriarch] in Preston.

Moved by Elder Heber C. Kimball, that the Twelve meet here on the

6th of July next, seconded by Elder Wilford Woodruff; and carried.

Moved by Elder Willard Richards, and seconded by Elder Wilford

Woodruff, that the editor of the periodical keep an account of all

the receipts and expenditures connected with the printing, general

expense, &c., and the books at all times be open for the inspection

of the Council.

The above resolutions were unanimously adopted. The conference

closed by prayer.

John Taylor, Clerk.

_Letter of Brigham Young to the Prophet_.

_To President Joseph Smith and Counselors_:

Dear Brethren:--You no doubt will have the perusal of this letter,

and minutes of our conference; this will give you an idea of what

we {120} are doing in this country. If you see anything in or about

the whole affair, that is not right, I ask, in the name of the Lord

Jesus Christ, that you would make known unto us the mind of the

Lord, and His will concerning us. I believe that I am as willing to

do the will of the Lord, and take counsel of my brethren, and be

a servant of the Church, as ever I was in my life; but I can tell

you, I would like to be with my old friends; I like new friends,

but I cannot part with my old ones for them.

Concerning the hymn-book--when we arrived here, we found the

brethren had laid by their old hymn-books, and they wanted new

ones; for the Bible, religion, and all is new to them. When I came

to learn more about carrying books into the states, or bringing

them here, I found the duties were so high that we never should

want to bring books from the states.

I request one favor of you, that is, a letter from you, that I

may hear from my friends. I trust that I will remain your friend

through life and in eternity. As ever.

Brigham Young.

_April 17_.--This day the Twelve blessed and drank a bottle of wine at

Penworthan, made by Mother Moon forty years before. Held a Council at

her house in the evening, and ordained Peter Melling, Patriarch. [3]

The following is the aggregate number of churches, official and private

members represented at the above Conferences, held in Preston, England:

Elders, 36; Priests, 54; Teachers, 36; Deacons, 11; members, 1,686; all

contained in 34 branches.

_Saturday, 18_.--Elders Young, Woodruff, and George A. Smith went to

Burslem, and Elders Kimball and Richards to Chaidgley.

_Sunday, 19_.--The High Council voted to meet at my office every

Saturday at two in the afternoon.

[Sidenote: Mission Opened in Scotland--Orson Pratt.]

_Monday, 20_.--Elders Young and Woodruff went to Wolverhampton. About

this time Elder Orson Pratt went to Edinburgh, Scotland. Elder Taylor

returned to Liverpool.

{121} _Letter of Robert Johnstone to Senator Young--Postoffice Name

Changed from Commerce to Nauvoo_.

Postoffice Department, Appointment Office,

21st April, 1830.

Sir:--I have the honor to inform you, that the Postmaster General

has this day changed the name of the postoffice at Commerce,

Hancock county, Illinois, to "Nauvoo," and appointed George W.

Robinson postmaster thereof.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

Robert Johnstone,

Second Assistant Postmaster General.

To the Hon. Richard M. Young, U.S. Senate.

Elders Young and Woodruff visited the old cathedral at Worcester on

their way to Ledbury, where they arrived this night.

_Letter of Senator Young to Judge Elias Higbee--Postoffice Name,

etc_.

Washington City, April 22, 1840.

Dear Sir:--After your departure from this city, I received, under

cover from the Reverend Sidney Rigdon, the petition mentioned

by you, for the appointment of George W. Robinson as postmaster

at Commerce. This petition I laid before the Honorable Robert

Johnstone, second assistant postmaster general, who has appointed

Mr. Robinson as requested.

We found, on examination of the papers, and a letter from Dr.

Gallad, that there was a request that the name of the postoffice

should be changed to that of Nauvoo, a Hebrew term, signifying a

beautiful place. Mr. Johnstone, at my instance, has changed the

name accordingly, in the supposition that it would be agreeable to

the citizens concerned. Will you please advise with the Rev. Joseph

Smith and others most immediately interested, and if the change of

the name to Nauvoo should not be acceptable, it can on application

be restored to that of Commerce.

I received a letter from Malcolm McGregor, Esq., postmaster at

Carthage, a few days ago, in which he urges the necessity of having

the mail carried twice a week, between Carthage and Nauvoo, and

expresses the opinion that the additional expenses would not exceed

one hundred and fifty dollars, as the mail is carried on horseback.

I have brought the subject before the proper department as

requested by Mr. McGregor, and hope to be able to succeed; although

the Postoffice Department, owing to pecuniary embarrassment, is not

in a situation to extend facilities at the present time.

{122} Please present my respects to Mr. Smith, and accept for

yourself my kindest regards.

Very respectfully, &c.,

Richard M. Young.

To Judge Elias Higbee.

_Wednesday, 22_.--Elders Young and Woodruff organized a branch of the

Church at Frooms Hill, Herefordshire.

_Thursday, 23_.--Elders Kimball and Richards returned to Preston. Elder

Young visited at Moor Ends Cross, and 24th preached at Malvern Hill.

Elder Kimball went to Eccleston and continued some days visiting the

churches around Preston.

_Saturday, 25_.--Elder Richards went to Manchester, found the

_Prospectus_ for the _Millennial Star_ ready. Elder Young returned

to Frooms Hill, and stayed at Brother John Benbow's till the 30th,

preaching, and writing letters to his friends in America.

_Wednesday, 29_.--Elders Hyde and Page were at Quincy, Illinois.

Elder Woodruff wrote as follows:

_Letter of Wilford Woodruff to Don Carlos Smith--Success of

Woodruff's Ministry_.

Ledbury, Herefordshire, England,

April 29, 1840.

_Elders Ebenezer Robinson and Don Carlos Smith_:

Brethren:--As Elder Young is writing, I am privileged with a space

of a few lines: knowing that our friends are desirous to hear of

the work of the Lord in this land, I make the following remarks

concerning the mercy of God and my labors.

Since I last wrote you, (I wrote you a lengthy letter, dated

February 27th, in which I gave you an account of my travels,

voyage, and labors from the time I left Montrose unto the date of

my letter, which I trust you have received,) I continued laboring

in Staffordshire until the first of March, when I felt it to be

the will of the Lord that I should go more to the south part of

England. I left the care of the Staffordshire church in the hands

of Elder Turley, and traveled eighty miles south, in a region where

the word had not been preached. I commenced preaching near Ledbury,

Herefordshire; this is about forty miles from Bristol, {123}

forty from Birmingham, fourteen from Worcester, one hundred and

twenty from London. As soon as I began to teach, many received my

testimony. I there preached one month and five days, and baptized

the superintendent of the church of the United Brethren, a branch

of the Methodist church, and with him 45 preachers, mostly of the

same order; and about 114 members, making 160 in all. This put into

my hands, or under my care, more than forty established places of

preaching, licensed according to law, including one or two chapels.

This opened a large field for the spread of the work in this

country.

Among the number baptized are some of most all churches and classes

as well as preachers. There is one constable, and one clerk of the

Church of England, with numbers of their members. But in the midst

of my labors I received a letter stating that the Twelve had just

arrived and wished me to come to Preston, and meet with them in

conference. Consequently I traveled 160 miles to Preston and was

once more permitted to strike hands with my brethren from America,

and sit in conference with them, the minutes of which you have.

After conference I returned to Herefordshire in company with Elder

Brigham Young. We have again commenced our labors here, and there

will be many baptized in this region. I have now more than 200 on

my list, and scores are now waiting for an opportunity to receive

the ordinance of baptism; and the work is progressing in all parts

of this country where it is faithfully proclaimed. I understand

that Elders Wright and Mulliner are opening some permanent doors

in Scotland; and we have many calls through many parts of this

country, even more than we are able to fill.

I desire the prayers of the Saints; that I may have wisdom and

grace according to my day, and do the work of God in meekness and

humility.

Wilford Woodruff.

_Thursday, 30_.--Elders Young, Woodruff, and Richards met at Elder

Kington's, at Dymock.

_Letter of Elders Hyde and Page to the Prophet--Plans for the

Palestine Mission_.

Columbus, May 1, 1840.

_President Smith_:

Sir:--The mission upon which we are sent swells greater and

greater. As there is a great work to be done in Germany, as

manifested to us by the Spirit, the following plan has been

suggested to us; viz., to write a set of lectures upon the faith

and doctrine of our Church, giving a brief {124} history of

the coming forth of the Book of Mormon, and an account of its

contents in as clear and plain a style as possible; together with

the outlines and organization and government of the Church of

Latter-day Saints, drawn from the Doctrine and Covenants with all

the wisdom and care possible; and get the same translated into

German, and publish it when we arrive in Germany, and scatter it

through the German empire. Is this correct? Should we consider it

necessary to translate the entire Book of Mormon into German, and

Doctrine and Covenants too, are we or are we not at liberty to do

so? Should we deem it necessary to publish an edition of hymn-books

in any country, are we at liberty to do it? The fact is, we need

such works, and we cannot get them from the church here; and if

we could, we could not well carry them with us, at least in any

quantity.

We feel that we are acting under the direction of the Presidency

of the Church; and the reason that we make these inquiries, is,

that we do not wish to step beyond our limits, or bring ourselves

into a snare and dishonor by taking liberties that are not ours. We

feel that all our exertions and interests shall become subservient

to building up the Kingdom of God. We wish to be co-workers with

you and with the Spirit of the Lord. We did not converse so much

upon these literary works as we should have done before we left.

The fact is, we did not begin to see the greatness of our mission

before we left home; our minds were in a nutshell.

It seems to us that we should spread this work among all people,

languages and tongues, so far as possible; and gather up all jewels

among the Jews besides. Who is sufficient for these things?

As agents for the Church abroad, and as co-workers with yourself,

in spreading this kingdom to the remotest corners of the earth, are

we at liberty to translate and publish any works that we may think

necessary, or that the circumstances in which we are placed seem to

require whether original, or works published by the Church? If we

are not at liberty to take this wide range, please tell us how far

we may go.

We are setting this great work before the people as an inducement

to them to help us. If we are setting our standard too high, a word

from you will bring it down. We have held a two days' meeting in

this place; but in consequence of continual rains, which swelled

the creeks so high, the people could not get to us. The meeting was

four miles from Columbus; one only baptized.

We have now an opportunity to ride as far east as Indiana, beyond

the metropolis, and have the privilege to stop and preach by the

way. Will you write to us at Cincinnati, and much oblige.

Your brethren in the Kingdom of God,

Orson Hyde,

John E. Page.

{125} P. S.--Will you please send word to Marinda, that I want her

to write to me at Cincinnati, Ohio. Please bear it in mind and

oblige thy friend.

O. H.

[Sidenote: Commotions in the World.]

_Friday, May 1_.--The town of Baji, in the county of Baes, on the

river Danube, was almost totally destroyed by fire; about two thousand

houses were burnt, with the palace, several churches, and all the great

corn magazines; leaving about sixteen thousand inhabitants destitute.

The plague is raging in the East--at Silistria, Broussa, Alexandria,

Aleppo, &c.; and wars and rumors of wars in Spain, Mexico and South

American governments; French and Arabs in Africa, Russia and Circassia,

Egypt, England and the East Indies, and the Canada Revolution; all

betoken the fulfillment of prophecy.

_Thursday, 7_.--The city of Natchez was this day to a great extent

destroyed, almost in a moment, by a whirlwind, storm and tempest. It

is reported that sixty boats sunk, houses and churches blown to atoms,

more than three hundred persons killed, and $5,000,000 of property

destroyed; nearly the whole country on the Mississippi for 1,100 miles

from its mouth is under water.

_Letter of Brigham Young to the Prophet--Affairs of the British

Mission_.

Lugwardine, Herefordshire, England,

May 7, 1840.

Brother Joseph Smith:--Through the mercy of our heavenly Father, I

am alive and in pretty good health; better than I should have been,

had I remained in America. I trust that you and family are well,

and I ask my heavenly Father that we may live forever; but not to

be chased about by mobs, but live to enjoy each other's society in

peace. I long to see the faces of my friends again in that country

once more, It is better for me to be here, because the Lord has

called me to this great work, but it is hard for me to be parted

from my old friends whom I have proved to be willing to lay down

their lives for each other. I feel as though the Lord would grant

me the privilege of sometime seeing my old friends in America. Give

my best wishes to your wife. I remember her in my prayers, and also

Father and Mother Smith. I remember {126} the time when I first

saw Mother Smith, and the trials she had when the work of the Lord

first commenced in her family. I beg to be remembered to Brother

Rigdon and family, also to Brother Hyrum and family, and to all the

faithful in Christ.

The brethren that have come from America are all well and doing

well. I want to ask some questions. Shall we print the Book of

Mormon in this country immediately? They are calling for it from

every quarter. The duties are so high on books, we need not think

of bringing them from America. Another question, is the Book of

Doctrine and Covenants to be printed just as it is now, to go to

the nations of the earth; and shall we give it to them as quickly

as we can? Or what shall we do? Will the Twelve have to be together

to do business as a quorum? Or shall they do business in the name

of the Church? Why I ask this is for my own satisfaction; if the

Lord has a word for us, for one I am willing to receive it.