INQUIRY BY UNITED STATES SENATE.
Loading at the Rail--Inadequate Life-saving Appliances--No Extra
Lookout--Searchlights Blinding--Wireless Rivals Not All Aroused--Went
to Death in Sleep--Scratch Seamen--Cries of Agony--A Pitiful
Story--Senators Ascertain Pertinent Facts--Much Good Accomplished.
What has been accomplished by the Senatorial inquiry into the loss of
the Titanic with sixteen hundred lives?
For more than a week of the two that have elapsed since the Titanic
made a record on her maiden voyage--a record never paralleled in
marine history for its horrors, its sacrifice of life and material
property--an earnest body of United States Senators has been at work
conscientiously striving to uncover the facts, not alone for the
purpose of placing the responsibility for what has now become one of
the most heart-rending chapters of all ocean history, but also in the
hope of framing remedial legislation looking to the prevention of its
recurrence.
To attempt to draw conclusions as to the value of the work of a
committee which is yet upon the threshold of its task would be
presumptuous, but it is not too soon to present and formulate some of
the pertinent facts which its researches have established in the light
of sworn evidence.
Any attempt at systematic analysis of the facts deduced from the many
thousand of pages of testimony already taken naturally divided itself
into two departments:
Were the Titanic’s equipment and her general state of preparedness such
as to justify the broad claims made in her behalf before the crisis
arose, that she represented the acme of human possibility not only in
ocean going comfort and speed but also in safety at sea?
Were the personnel and discipline of her officers and crew of such
a standard that, after the supreme crisis confronted them, they
utilized to the best advantage such facilities for the safeguarding and
preservation of life as remained at their disposal?
With ten thousand families on both sides of the Atlantic mourning the
untimely death of relatives and friends who went down into the depths
from the decks of a brand new ship, widely proclaimed the greatest and
the safest that ever ploughed the sea, these are, after all, the most
pertinent questions that may be asked by a sorrowing world as it looks
to the future rather than the past.
LIFE-SAVING APPARATUS INADEQUATE.
It has been demonstrated--and frankly conceded by the company’s
managers and officers in the light of after knowledge--that the
Titanic’s life-saving appliances were woefully inadequate to the
safeguarding of even one-half her complement of passengers and crew.
On the day after the disaster was known to the world it was shown that
the ship’s equipment of lifeboats complied with the requirements of the
English Board of Trade, but that those requirements were so obsolete
and antiquated that they dated back to 1898 and were drafted to provide
for vessels of less than one-quarter the gross tonnage of the mammoth
craft of 46,000 tons of displacement.
The Titanic carried on her boat deck--sometimes referred to as her
sun deck--fourteen of the largest regulation size lifeboats, seven
on her port side and seven on the starboard. Each of these had a
carrying capacity, according to the Board of Trade’s established
method of computation, of 65.5 persons. Their aggregate capacity when
afloat, therefore, was 917. The ship carried, in addition, four of
the so-called collapsible boats and two others known as emergency
boats-comparatively small craft employed in occasional duty--as when a
man falls overboard.
The combined capacity of these six when afloat was hardly more than
sufficient to care for two hundred persons. At the most liberal
estimate, therefore, the entire equipment of boats aboard the great
White Star liner might have afforded refuge, in the most favorable
conditions, to less than 1,200 persons, or not quite half the number
actually aboard the ship, on her maiden voyage.
In stating the lifeboat capacity the term “when afloat” has been used
advisedly. One of the points which each of the Titanic’s surviving
officers has emphasized in evidence is the vast difference between
loading with its human freight a boat that has been already placed
in the water and loading one “at the rail,” from a deck seventy feet
above the water, with the subsequent perils of lowering it by means of
the tackles sustaining its weight from bow and stern. Several of the
officers have said that, in lowering loaded boats from the rail of the
Titanic’s boat deck, they would consider it unwise and even dangerous
to fill the boats to more than one-half their rated capacity.
All the lifeboats that went away from the Titanic were loaded and
lowered from the rail. Some of the smaller collapsible and emergency
boats did not get away at all until the ship was so low in the water
that they were simply pushed overboard, and one of them went over
bottom up.
BOAT CARRIES 58 PERSONS.
Harold G. Lowe, the fifth officer, commanded a boat which carried
fifty-eight persons aboard. This, so far as is known, is the largest
number of passengers carried in any of the lifeboats. Mr. Lowe
testified that as his craft was lowered away from the davits he feared
momentarily that, as a result of the tremendous strain upon her
structure, she would buckle amidships and break before she reached the
sustaining surface of the water, dropping all into the sea. “Had one
more person leaped aboard her amidships as she was going down past the
other decks,” he said, “it might well have proved to be the last straw.”
Mr. Lowe feared this might happen, as he saw steerage passengers
“glaring at the boat” as it was lowered past the decks whereon they
stood. It was for that reason, he explained to the investigating
committee, that he discharged his revolver three times into the air
as he and his boatload were dropping past the three lower decks. His
purpose, he said, was to show that he was armed and to prevent any
effort to overload the craft beyond a point which he already considered
perilous.
C. H. Lightoller, second officer and ranking surviving officer of the
Titanic, expressed the opinion that, in filling lifeboats from the
Titanic’s boat deck, “at the rail,” it was involving serious risk to
load them to more than half their rated capacity for filling while
afloat. H. G. Boxhall, fourth officer, expressed a like view, but added
that in an extreme emergency one man might take more chances than
another.
In view of these expert opinions, it will be seen that, when it came to
loading the Titanic’s passengers into lifeboats “from the rail,” the
actual life-saving capacity of her available equipment was far less
than the one thousand or eleven hundred that might have been carefully
packed away into boats already resting safely on the surface of a calm
sea.
A PUZZLING QUERY.
And this consideration naturally suggests the query, Why were the
Titanic’s lifeboats all loaded “from the rail” of the topmost deck, at
a point fully seventy feet above the sea? Why were they not lowered
empty, or with only the necessary officers or crew aboard, and then
filled with their quota of passengers, either from some lower deck, or
else after they had reached the sustaining surface of the water?
It is evident that course was contemplated. Three of the surviving
officers have testified that the available force of seamen was depleted
after the ship struck, because a detail of men had been sent below to
open up the gangway doors, for the purpose of embarking the passengers
into the lifeboats from those outlets. There is nothing in evidence as
yet to show that this purpose was ever accomplished, or to reveal the
fate of the men sent to do the work.
Whether the men were unable or incompetent to force open the gangway
doors, from which the lowered boats might easily have been filled, as
the sea was as smooth as a mill pond; whether these outlets were jammed
as a result of collision with the berg, or stuck because the ship’s
mechanisms were new, has not been revealed and may never be known.
Certain it is that all the lifeboats were loaded “from the rail,” and
their safe capacity was thereby reduced one-half in the judgment of the
officers to whom their command was entrusted.
The inadequacy of the Titanic’s lifeboat appliances is not disputed.
Steamship companies are already vying with one another to correct in
this respect the admitted shortcomings of the past. The sole excuse
offered is that collision bulkheads, watertight compartments and other
like devices have been regarded until now as making the marvelous
vessels of the present day “their own best lifeboats.” The Titanic
and many of her sister ships of the ocean fleets have been called
“unsinkable.” They were generally believed to be so, and it is only
since this greatest of disasters has shattered many illusions that
marine engineers have confessed ruefully that the unsinkable ship has
never yet been launched.
PERILS MINIMIZED.
Since the day of the watertight compartment and of the wireless
telegraph sea perils have been so minimized that in the most extreme of
likely emergencies the function of the lifeboat had come to be regarded
as that of an ocean ferry capable of transferring passengers safely
and leisurely from an imperilled vessel to another standing by and
co-operating in the task.
That was all the lifeboat had to do when the Republic sank. That
was all they had to do years ago, when the Missouri, under Captain
Hamilton Murrell’s expert management, took off a thousand persons from
a foundering ship without the loss of a single life. So it had come to
be believed that the lifeboats would never be called upon to do more
than that, and least of all in the case of the Titanic, latest and most
superb of all the vessels built by man since the world began.
So deep rooted was this conviction in the minds of seagoing men
that when Senator Smith, of Michigan, chairman of the investigating
committee, asked one of the surviving officers: “What was the purpose
of the Titanic carrying her fourteen full-size lifeboats?” he naively
replied; “To comply, I suppose, with the regulations of the London
Board of Trade.”
There has been no evidence to indicate that the Titanic lacked the
proper number of life jackets, or life belts--one for every person
aboard the ship--and it has not been proven that these life belts
were not new and of proper quality and strength. Major Peuchen, of
Toronto, one of the surviving passengers, however, in the course of
his testimony, made two significant comments. He said that when the
Carpathia, on the morning after the disaster, steamed through a lot
of the Titanic’s floating wreckage, he was surprised to note great
quantities of broken bits of cork, such as are used in life preservers.
He was astonished also that he did not see a larger number of floating
bodies.
“I have always supposed,” said Major Peuchen, who is an experienced
yachtsman, “that a life preserver in good condition would sustain a
dead body as well as a live one.”
STEAMING AT 21 KNOTS.
It has been demonstrated by ample evidence that at the time the
Titanic hit the iceberg she was steaming at the undiminished speed
of twenty-one knots an hour into a zone littered with icebergs and
floating ice fields, warning of which her officers had received hours
before by wireless from several other ships, including the Amerika, of
the Hamburg-American Line. When day broke on Monday, according to Mr.
Lane, at least twenty icebergs surrounded the Carpathia, the largest of
which was 150 feet high. They were within a six-mile radius.
In the chart room, tucked into the corner of a frame above the table
where the navigating officers of the Titanic did their mathematical
work, was a written memorandum of the latitude and longitude wherein
two large icebergs had been reported directly in the track. Mr. Boxhall
had worked out this position under Captain Smith’s instructions. Mr.
Lightoller, the second officer, was familiar with it, and when his
watch ended at 10 o’clock Sunday night and he surrendered the post on
the bridge to the first officer, Mr. Murdock, the remark was made that
they would probably “be getting up into the ice during Mr. Murdock’s
watch.”
Despite all this the Titanic was rushing on, driving at railroad speed
toward the port of New York and “a record for a maiden voyage.”
It was a cloudless and starlit night with no sea running. No extra
lookout was posted in the “ship’s eyes,” the most advanced position
on the vessel’s deck. Up in the crow’s nest Fleet and Lee, both
experienced lookouts, were keeping a sharp watch forward. They had been
duly warned of ice by the pair of lookouts whom they had relieved.
UNAIDED BY SEA GLASSES.
But the men in the crow’s nest had to depend entirely upon the vision
of the naked eye. They had no glass to aid them. Fleet had occupied
a similar post of responsibility four years on the Oceanic without
mishap. His testimony before the committee was that he never before had
been without the aid of a glass. He had a pair of binoculars when the
ship made her trial trip from Belfast, but they had been mislaid, and
when the Titanic steamed out from Southampton he asked Mr. Lightoller
for another pair and was told that there was no glass for him. Fleet’s
warning was too late to prevent the impact. His testimony was that with
a glass he would have reported the berg in time to have prevented the
ship striking it.
When Quartermaster Hitchens came on watch at 10 o’clock the weather
had grown so cold that he, experienced seaman that he was, immediately
thought of icebergs, though it was no part of his duty to look out
for them. The thermometer showed thirty-one degrees, and the first
orders he received were to notify the ship’s carpenter to look to his
fresh-water supply because of the freezing weather, and to turn on the
steam-heating apparatus in the officers’ quarters.
Still no extra lookout was placed and the men in the crow’s nest were
straining their tired eyes ahead without the help of a lens.
Captain Arthur Rostrom, of the Carpathia, testified that when he was
rushing his ship to the aid of the stricken Titanic, taking unusual
chances because he knew lives were at stake, he placed a double watch
on duty.
Each of the surviving officers, when he was questioned as to the
Titanic’s speed at a time when the proximity of dangerous ice was
definitely reported and clearly indicated by the drop in temperature,
said that it was “not customary” to slacken speed at such times,
provided the weather was clear. The custom is, they said, “to go ahead
and depend upon the lookouts in the crow’s nest and the watch on the
bridge to ‘pick up’ the ice in time to avoid hitting it.”
Mr. Lowe, the fifth officer, who was crossing the Atlantic for the
first time in his life, most of his fourteen years’ experience at sea
having been in the southern and eastern oceans, yawned wearily in
the face of the examiner as he admitted that he had never heard that
icebergs were common off the Banks of Newfoundland and that the fact
would not have interested him if he had. He did not know that the
Titanic was following what is known as “the southern track,” and when
he was asked, ventured the guess that she was on the northerly one.
MIGHT HAVE BEEN SAVED BY SEARCHLIGHT.
Questions framed by Senator Smith several times have suggested that
the use of a searchlight might have saved the Titanic. War ships of
all nations make the searchlight a part of their regular equipment,
as is well known. The Titanic’s surviving officers agreed that it has
not been commonly used by vessels of the merchant marine. Some of them
conceded that in the conditions surrounding the Titanic its use on a
clear night might have revealed the iceberg in time to have saved the
ship. Major Peuchen, of Toronto, said emphatically that it would have
done so.
Mr. Lightoller, however, pointed out that, while the searchlight
is often a useful device for those who stand behind it, its rays
invariably blind those upon whom they are trained. Should the use of
searchlights become general upon merchant vessels, he thought, it would
be a matter for careful consideration, experiment and regulation.
The Senatorial inquiry has indicated that the single lifeboat drill
upon the Titanic had been a rather perfunctory performance; there had
been neither a boat drill nor a fire drill from the time the great ship
left Southampton until she struck the iceberg. While she lay in harbor
before starting on her maiden voyage, and with her port side against
the company pier, two of her lifeboats had been lowered away from her
starboard side, manned by a junior or a warrant officer and a crew of
four men each, who rowed them around a few minutes and then returned to
the ship.
There had also been an inspection in the home port to see whether
the lifeboats contained all the gear specified by the Board of Trade
regulations and Officer Boxhall testified that they did. Yet, when the
emergency came, many of the boats were found to contain no lights,
while others lacked extra oars, biscuits and other specified requisites.
UTILITY OF WATER-TIGHT COMPARTMENTS DOUBTED.
The Titanic’s loss has completely exploded the fallacy that watertight
compartments, of which the big ship had fifteen in her main divisions,
can save a vessel from foundering after having sustained a raking blow,
tearing and ripping out her plates from thirty feet aft of the bow
almost to midships.
Mr. Lightoller expressed the belief under oath that the starboard
side of the Titanic had been pierced through compartments 1, 2, 3 and
probably 4, numbering from the collision bulkhead toward the midship
section. The testimony of Quartermaster Hitchins showed that the
vessel filled so fast that when the captain looked at the commutator
five minutes after the ship struck, the Titanic showed a list of five
degrees to starboard. Rushing water drove the clerks out of the mail
room before they could save their letter bags.
One reform that is likely to take shape early as a result of the
Senatorial investigation is a more thorough regulation of wireless
telegraphy both in shore stations and on ships at sea. Interference
by irresponsible operators will probably be checked by governmental
action, and the whole subject may come up for uniform international
regulation in the Berlin conference.
It is conceded that on all ships the receiving apparatus of the
wireless instruments should be manned at all hours of the day and
night, just as are the ship’s bridge and the engine rooms. The Senate
inquiry has showed that had the death call of the Titanic gone out five
minutes later it would never have reached the Carpathia, whose one
wireless operator was about to retire for the night when he heard the
signal that took the Cunarder to the rescue of the seven hundred who
survived.
There has been shown, too, grave need of some cure for the jealousies
and rivalries between competing systems of wireless. To the Frankfurt,
which was one of the nearest, if not the nearest, of the several ships
to the sinking Titanic, her operator sent the curt message, “Shut
up!” From the Californian the operator refused to take a message,
which proved to be an ice warning, because “he was busy with his
accounts.” With the sanction of high officers of their company wireless
operators have suppressed vital public information for the purpose of
commercializing their exclusive knowledge for personal profit.
So much for the Titanic’s boasted equipment--or the lack of it. There
remains to be summarized the evidence adduced as to the personnel and
discipline, as these were indicated by what occurred after the ship
confronted the direst of all emergencies.
The Titanic was expected to make a record on her maiden voyage. She
made one unapproached in ocean annals; one which, it is hoped, may long
stand unparalleled.
REPORT CENSURES CAPTAIN OF CALIFORNIAN.
Says All Passengers Might Have been Saved but for Captain Lord’s
Indifference.
TITANIC COMMITTEE’S REPORT.
That the Titanic was rushing at a speed of 24½ miles an hour when she
crashed into the iceberg.
That of 2223 persons aboard, only 32 per cent. were saved.
That all might have been saved but for “negligent indifference” of the
steamship Californian to the Titanic’s distress signals.
That those rescued comprised: Sixty per cent. of the first-class
passengers, 42 per cent. of second-class, 25 per cent. of third-class
and 24 per cent. of the crew.
That four warnings of “ice ahead” were ignored by the Titanic’s
officers.
That the Titanic struck at 10.13 P. M. on Sunday, April 14, and sank
at 12.47 A. M. (New York time) on April 15.
That eight vessels were near at time of the collision with the iceberg
and only the Carpathia went to the assistance of the Titanic.
That there was no panic, but a “short” crew, poorly drilled and poorly
commanded, only enough men to partially man the twenty lifeboats.
Teeming with eloquence, combining praise for heroism and scathing
rebuke for negligence and cowardice in the most appalling marine
tragedy of history, was the final and official requiem on May 28 in
the Senate for the victims of the Titanic. Senator Smith, of Michigan,
chairman of the Senate Investigating Committee, summed up his views of
the evidence developed.
That every soul aboard the giant liner might have been saved but for
the indifference, inattention and almost criminal neglect of Captain
Stanley Lord and the other officers of the Californian was the most
startling charge Smith bitterly made.
“Needless sacrifice” of at least five hundred lives because the
“strangely insufficient number of life boats” were not filled was also
charged.
“Obsolete and antiquated shipping laws” and “laxity of regulation and
hasty inspection” by the British Board of Trade were denounced by
Smith. As a contributory cause he named the indifference of Captain
Smith, of the Titanic, for ignoring ice warnings and forcing the
Titanic full speed through the northern waters. That Captain Smith had
expiated his offense by a heroic death was Smith’s tribute to the dead
commander.
LACK OF DISCIPLINE ARRAIGNED.
Lack of discipline among the crew and cowardice of some of its members
indicated after the crash was scathingly arraigned. To the two Titanic
wireless operators--Phillips and Bride--the speaker paid a glowing
tribute. He lauded Captain Rostrom, of the rescue ship, Carpathia.
In eloquent terms the chairman, Senator Smith, depicted the folly of
sending out the greatest ship afloat without sufficiently testing a
strange crew and with no drills or discipline. The Titanic, he said,
was following the proper course, although one known to be dangerous
at that season, but the speed was gradually and continually increased
until the maximum was the death-blow.
Rebuke for those in half-filled lifeboats who “stood by” and refused
aid to struggling, drowning swimmers until “all the noise had ceased”
was voiced.
“Upon that broken hull,” the Senator concluded, “new vows were taken,
new fealty expressed, old love renewed, and those who had been devoted
in life went proudly and defiantly on the last life pilgrimage
together. In such a heritage we must feel ourselves more intimately
related to the sea than ever before, and henceforth it will send back
to us on its rising tide the cheerful salutations from those we have
lost.
“At 10 o’clock on that fateful Sunday evening this latest maritime
creation was cutting its first pathway through the North Atlantic Ocean
with scarcely a ripple to retard its progress.
“From the builders’ hands she was plunged straightway to her fate and
christening salvos acclaimed at once her birth and death. Builders of
renown had launched her on the billows with confident assurance of her
strength, while every port rang with praise for their achievement;
shipbuilding to them was both a science and a religion; parent ships
and sister ships had easily withstood the waves, while the mark of
their hammer was all that was needed to give assurance of the high
quality of the work.
“In the construction of the Titanic no limit of cost circumscribed
their endeavor, and when this vessel took its place at the head of the
line every modern improvement in shipbuilding was supposed to have been
realized; so confident were they that both owner and builder were eager
to go upon the trial trip; no sufficient tests were made of boilers or
bulkheads or gearing or equipment, and no life-saving or signal devices
were reviewed; officers and crew were strangers to one another and
passengers to both.
PASSENGERS AND CREW STUPEFIED.
“Neither was familiar with the vessel or its implements or tools;
no drill or station practice or helpful discipline disturbed the
tranquillity of that voyage, and when the crisis came a state of
absolute unpreparedness stupefied both passengers and crew and, in
their despair, the ship went down, carrying as needless a sacrifice of
noble women and brave men as ever clustered about the judgment seat in
any single moment of passing time.
“We shall leave to the honest judgment of England its painstaking
chastisement of the British Board of Trade, to whose laxity of
regulation and hasty inspection the world is largely indebted for this
awful fatality. Of contributing causes there were very many. In the
face of warning signals, speed was increased and messages of danger
seemed to stimulate her to action rather than to persuade her to fear.
“Captain Smith knew the sea and his clear eye and steady hand had often
guided his ship through dangerous paths. For forty years storms sought
in vain to vex him or menace his craft. But once before in all his
honorable career was his pride humbled or his vessel maimed. Each new
advancing type of ship built by his company was handed over to him as
a reward for faithful service and as an evidence of confidence in his
skill.
“Strong of limb, intent of purpose, pure in character, dauntless as
a sailor should be, he walked the deck of this majestic structure as
master of her keel, titanic though she was. His indifference to danger
was one of the direct and contributing causes of this unnecessary
tragedy, while his own willingness to die was the expiating evidence of
his fitness to live.
OVERCONFIDENCE AND NEGLECT.
“Those of us who knew him well--not in anger, but in sorrow--file one
specific charge against him, overconfidence and neglect to heed the
oft-repeated warnings of his friends; but, in his horrible dismay,
when his brain was afire with honest retribution, we can still see, in
his manly bearing and his tender solicitude for the safety of women
and little children, some traces of his lofty spirit when dark clouds
lowered all about him and angry elements stripped him of his command.
“His devotion to his craft, even as it writhed and twisted and
struggled for mastery over its foe, calmed the fears of many of the
stricken multitude who hung upon his words, lending dignity to a
parting scene as inspiring as it is beautiful to remember.
“Life belts were finally adjusted and the lifeboats were cleared away,
and, although strangely insufficient in number, were only partially
loaded, and in instances unprovided with compasses and only three of
them had lamps. They were manned so badly that, in the absence of
prompt relief, they would have fallen easy victims to the advancing ice
floe, nearly thirty miles in width and rising sixteen feet above the
surface of the water.
“Their danger would have been as great as if they had remained on the
deck of the broken hull, and if the sea had risen these toy targets,
with over 700 exhausted people, would have been helplessly tossed
about upon the waves without food or water. The lifeboats were
filled so indifferently and lowered so quickly that, according to the
uncontradicted evidence, nearly 500 persons were needlessly sacrificed
to want of orderly discipline in loading the few that were provided.
“The lifeboats would have easily cared for 1,176, and only contained
704, 12 of whom were taken into the boats from the water, while the
weather conditions were favorable and the sea perfectly calm. And yet
it is said by some well-meaning persons that the best of discipline
prevailed. If this is discipline, what would have been disorder?
“Among the passengers were many strong men who had been accustomed to
command, whose lives had marked every avenue of endeavor, and whose
business experience and military training especially fitted them for
such an emergency.
MEN RUDELY SILENCED.
“These men were rudely silenced and forbidden to speak, as was the
president of the company, by junior officers, a few of whom, I regret
to say, availed themselves of the first opportunity to leave the ship.
Some of the men to whom had been intrusted the care of passengers never
reported to their official stations, and quickly deserted the ship
with a recklessness and indifference to the responsibilities of their
positions as culpable and amazing as it is impossible to believe.
“And some of these men say that they ‘laid by’ in their partially
filled lifeboats and listened to the cries of distress ‘until the noise
quieted down’ and surveyed from a safe distance the unselfish men and
women and faithful fellow-officers and seamen, whose heroism lightens
up this tragedy and recalls the noblest traditions of the sea.
“Some things are dearer than life itself, and the refusal of Phillips
and Bride, wireless operators, to desert their posts of duty, even
after the water had mounted to the upper deck, because the captain
had not given them permission to leave, is an example of faithfulness
worthy of the highest praise, while the final exit of the Phillips boy
from the ship and from the world was not so swift as to prevent him
from pausing long enough to pass a cup of water to a fainting woman,
who fell from her husband’s arm into the operator’s chair, as he was
tardily fleeing from his wireless apparatus, where he had ticked off
the last message from his ship and from his brain.
“It is no excuse that the apparatus on the Carpathia was antiquated; it
easily caught the signal of distress and spoke with other ships nearly
200 miles away, both before and after the accident, while the operator
says it was good for 250 miles. The steamship Californian was within
easy reach of this ship for nearly four hours after all the facts were
known to Operator Cottam.
“The captain of the Carpathia says he gave explicit directions that all
official messages should be immediately sent through other ships, and
messages of passengers should be given preference. According to Binns,
the inspector, the apparatus on the Californian was practically new
and easily tuned to carry every detail of that calamity to the coast
stations at Cape Sable and Cape Race, and should have done so.”
CRITICISM FOR CAPTAIN LORD.
Regarding the part played after the disaster by Captain Lord, of the
steamship Californian, Senator Smith declares that, while it is not
a pleasant duty to criticize the conduct of others, the plain truth
should be told. Referring to the testimony of repeated signals given
from the Californian with Morse lights, he declared:
“Most of the witnesses of the ill-fated vessel before the committee saw
plainly the light, which Captain Lord says was displayed for nearly two
hours after the accident, while the captain and some of the officers of
the Titanic directed the lifeboats to pull for that light and return
with the empty boats to the side of the ship.
“Why did the Californian display its Morse signal lamp from the moment
of the collision continuously for nearly two hours if they saw nothing?
And the signals which were visible to Mr. Gill at 12.30 o’clock and
afterward, and which were also seen by the captain and officer of the
watch, should have excited more solicitude than was displayed by the
officers of that vessel, and the failure of Captain Lord to arouse the
wireless operator on his ship, who could have easily ascertained the
name of the vessel in distress, and reached her in time to avert loss
of life, places a tremendous responsibility upon this officer from
which it will be very difficult for him to escape.
“Had he been as vigilant in the movement of his vessel as he was active
in displaying his own signal lamp, there is a very strong probability
that every human life that was sacrificed through this disaster
could have been saved. The dictates of humanity should have prompted
vigilance under such conditions, and the law of Great Britain, giving
effect to Article II of the Brussels convention in regard to assistance
and salvage at sea, is as follows:
“‘The master or person in charge of a vessel shall, so far as he can
do so without serious danger to his own vessel, her crew and her
passengers (if any), render assistance to every person, even if such
person be a subject of a foreign state at war with his Majesty, who
is found at sea in danger of being lost, and if he fails to do so, he
shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.’
PRAISE FOR CAPTAIN OF CARPATHIA.
“The Senate passed on the 18th day of April last a bill giving effect
to the same treaty, which clearly indicates the disposition of the
Government of England, and our own as well, in matters of this
character. Contrast, if you will, the conduct of the captain of the
Carpathia in this emergency and imagine what must be the consolation of
that thoughtful and sympathetic mariner, who rescued the shipwrecked
and left the people of the world his debtor as his ship sailed for
distant seas a few days ago.
“By his utter self-effacement and his own indifference to peril, by
his promptness and his knightly sympathy, he rendered a great service
to humanity. He should be made to realize the debt of gratitude this
nation owes to him, while the book of good deeds, which had so often
been familiar with his unaffected valor, should henceforth carry the
name of Captain Rostrom to the remotest period of time.
“With most touching detail he promptly ordered the ship’s officers to
their stations, distributed the doctors into positions of the greatest
usefulness, prepared comforts for man and mother and babe; with
foresight and tenderness he lifted them from their watery imprisonment
and, when the rescue had been completed, summoned all of the rescued
together and ordered the ship’s bell tolled for the lost, and asked
that prayers of thankfulness be offered by those who had been spared.
It falls to the lot of few men to perform a service so unselfish, and
the American Congress can honor itself no more by any single act than
by writing into its laws the gratitude we feel toward this modest and
kindly man.
“The lessons of this hour are, indeed, fruitless and its precepts
ill-conceived if rules of action do not follow hard upon the day of
reckoning. Obsolete and antiquated shipping laws should no longer
encumber the parliamentary records of any government, and over-ripe
administrative boards should be pruned of dead branches and less
sterile precepts taught and applied.”
LIST OF TITANIC PASSENGERS MISSING AND RESCUED
The following passengers on the Titanic were lost:
FIRST CABIN
A
Anderson, Harry.
Allison, H. J.
Allison, Mrs. and maid.
Allison, Miss.
Andrews, Thomas.
Artagavoytia, Mr. Ramon.
Astor, Col. J. J., and servant.
Anderson, Walker.
B
Beattie, T.
Brandies, E.
Mrs. William Bucknell’s maid.
Baumann, J.
Baxter, Mr. and Mrs. Quigg.
Bjornstrom, H.
Birnbaum, Jacob.
Blackwell, S. W.
Borebank, J. J.
Bowden, Miss.
Brady, John B.
Brewe, Arthur J.
Butt, Major A.
C
Clark, Walter M.
Clifford, George Q.
Colley, E. P.
Cardeza, T. D. M., servant of.
Cardeza, Mrs. J. W., maid of.
Carlson, Frank.
Case, Howard B.
Cavendish, W. Tyrrell.
Corran, F. M.
Corran, J. P.
Chaffee, H. I.
Chisholm, Robert.
Compton, A. T.
Crafton, John B.
Crosby, Edward G.
Cumings, John Bradley.
D.
Davidson, Thornton.
Dulles, William C.
Douglas, W. D.
Nurse of Douglas, Master, R.
E.
Eustis, Miss E. M. (may be reported saved as Miss Ellis).
Evans, Miss E.
F.
Fortune, Mark.
Foreman, B. L.
Fortune, Clarels.
Franklin, T. P.
Futrelle, J.
G.
Gee, Arthur.
Goldenberg, E. L.
Goldschmidt, G. B.
Greenfield, G. B.
Giglio, Victor.
Guggenheim, Benjamin.
H.
Servant of Harper, Henry S.
Hays, Charles M.
Maid of Hays, Mrs. Charles M.
Head, Christopher.
Hilliard, H. H.
Hopkins, W. F.
Hogenheim, Mrs. A.
Harris, Henry B.
Harp, Mr. and Mrs. Charles M.
Harp, Miss Margaret, and maid.
Hoyt. W. F.
Holverson, A. M.
I.
Isham, Miss A. E.
Servant of J. Bruce Ismay.
J.
Julian, H. F.
Jones, C. C.
K.
Kent, Edward A.
Kenyon, Mr. and Mrs. F. R.,
(may be reported saved as Kenchen and Kennyman).
Kimball, Mr. and Mrs. E. N.,
(may be reported saved as Mr. and Mrs. E. Kimberley).
Klober, Herman.
L.
Lambert, Williams.
Lawrence, Arthur.
Long, Milton.
Longley, Miss G. F.
Lewy, E. G.
Lindsholm, J., (may be reported saved as Mrs. Sigrid Lindstrom).
Loring, J. H.
Lingrey, Edward.
M.
Maguire, J. E.
McCaffry, T.
McCaffry, T., Jr.
McCarthy, T., Jr.
Marvin, D. W.
Middleton, J. C.
Millett, Frank D.
Minahan, Dr. and Mrs.
Marechal, Pierre.
Meyer, Edgar J.
Molson, H. M.
Moore, C., servant.
N.
Natsch, Charles.
Newall, Miss T.
Nicholson, A. S.
O.
Ovies, S.
Ostby, E. C.
Ornout, Alfred T.
P.
Parr, M. H. W.
Pears, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas.
Penasco, Mr. Victor.
Partner, M. A.
Payne, V.
Pond, Florence, and maid.
Porter, Walter.
R.
Reuchlin, J.
Maid of Robert, Mrs. E.
Roebling, Washington A., 2d.
Rood, Hugh R.
Roes, J. Hugo.
Maid of Countess Rothes.
Rothschild, M.
Rowe, Arthur.
Ryerson, A.
S.
Shutes, Miss E. W., (probably reported saved as Miss Shutter).
Maid of Mrs. George Stone.
Straus, Mr. and Mrs. Isidor.
Silvey, William B.
Maid of Mrs. D. C. Spedden.
Spedden, Master D., and nurse.
Spencer, W. A.
Stead, W. T.
Stehli, Mr. and Mrs. Max Frolisher.
Sutton, Frederick.
Smart, John M.
Smith, Clinch.
Smith, R. W.
Stewart, A. A., (may be reported saved as Frederick Stewart).
Smith, L. P.
T.
Taussig, Mrs. Emil.
Maid of Mrs. Thayer.
Thayer, John B.
Thorne, C.
V.
Vanderhoof, Wyckoff.
W.
Walker, W. A.
Warren, F. M.
White, Percival A.
White, Richard F.
Widener, G. D. and servant.
Widener, Harry.
Wood, Mr. and Mrs. Frank P.
Weir, J.
Wick, George D.
Williams, Duane.
Wright, George.
SECOND CABIN
A.
Abelson, Samson.
Andrew, Frank.
Ashby, John.
Aldsworth. C.
Andrew, Edgar.
B.
Beacken, James H.
Brown, Mrs.
Banfield, Fred.
Beight, Nail.
Braily, Bandsman.
Breicoux, Bandsman.
Bailey, Percy.
Bainbridge, C. R.
Byles, the Rev. Thomas
Beauchamp, H. J.
Beesley, Lawrence.
Berg, Miss E.
Bentham, I.
Bateman, Robert J.
Butler, Reginald.
Botsford, Hull.
Bowener, Solomon.
Berriman, William.
C.
Clarke, Charles.
Clark, Bandsman.
Corey, Mrs.
Carter, the Rev. Ernest
Carter, Mrs.
Coleridge, Reginald.
Chapman, Charles.
Cunningham, Alfred
Campbell, William.
Collyer, Harvey.
Corbett, Mrs. Irene.
Chapman, John R.
Chapman, Mrs. E.
Colander, Erie.
Cotterill, Harry.
Charles, William, (probably reported saved as William, Charles).
D.
Deacon, Percy.
Davis, Charles, (may be reported saved as John Davies).
Debben, William.
De Brits, Jose.
Danborny, H.
Drew, James.
Drew, Master M.
David, Master J. W.
Duran, Miss A.
Dounton, W. J.
Del Vario, S.
Del Vario, Mrs.
E.
Enander, Ingar.
Eitmiller, G. F.
F.
Frost, A.
Fynnery, Md.
Faunthrope, M.
Fillbroock, C.
Funk, Annie.
Fahlsthom, A.
Fox, Stanley N.
G.
Greenberg, S.
Giles, Ralph.
Gaskell, Alfred.
Gillespie, William.
Gilbert, William.
Gall, Harry.
Gall, S.
Gill, John.
Giles, Edgar.
Giles, Fred.
Gale, Harry.
Gale, Phadruch.
Garvey, Lawrence.
H.
Hickman, Leonard.
Hickman, Lewis.
Hume, Bandsman.
Hickman, Stanley.
Hood, Ambrose.
Hodges, Henry P.
Hart, Benjamin.
Harris, Walter.
Harper, John.
Harper, Nina.
Harbeck, W. H.
Hoffman, Mr.
Hoffman, Child.
Hoffman, Child.
Herman, Mrs. S.
Howard, B.
Howard, Mrs. E. T.
Hale, Reginald.
Hamatainen, Anna, and infant son,
(probably reported saved as Anna Hamilton).
Hilunen, M.
Hunt, George.
J.
Jacobson, Mr.
Jacobson, Mrs.
Jacobson, Sydney.
Jeffery, Clifford.
Jeffery, Ernest.
Jenkin, Stephen.
Jarvis, John D.
K.
Keane, Daniel.
Kirkland, Rev. C.
Karnes, Mrs. F. G.
Kaynaldo, Miss.
Krillner, J. H.
Krins, bandsman.
Knight, R.
Karines, Mrs.
Kantar, Selna.
Kantar, Mrs., (probably reported saved as Miriam Kanton).
L.
Lengam, John.
Levy, P. J.
Lahtigan, William.
Lauch, Charles.
Leyson, R. W. N.
Laroche, Joseph.
Lamb, J. J.
M.
McKane, Peter.
Milling, Jacob.
Mantville, Joseph.
Malachard, Noll, (may be reported saved as Mme. Melicard).
Moraweck, Dr.
Mangiovacci, E.
McCrea, Arthur G.
McCrie, James M.
McKane, Peter D.
Mudd, Thomas.
Mack, Mary.
Marshall, Henry.
Mayberg, Frank H.
Meyer, August.
Myles, Thomas.
Mitchell, Henry.
Matthews, W. J.
N.
Nessen, Israel.
Nichols, Joseph C.
Norman, Robert D.
Nasser, Nicholas, (may be reported saved as Mrs. Nasser).
O.
Otteo, Richard.
P.
Phillips, Robert.
Ponesell, Martin, (may be reported saved as M. F. Pososons).
Pain, Dr. Alfred.
Parkes, Frank.
Pengelly, F.
Pernot, Rene.
Peruschitz, the Rev.
Parker, Clifford.
Pulbaum, Frank.
R.
Rogers, Getina, (probably reported saved as Miss Eliza Rogers).
Renouf, Peter E.
Rogers, Harry.
Reeves, David.
S.
Slemen, R. J.
Sjoberg, Hayden.
Slatter, Miss H. M.
Stanton, Ward.
Sinkkonen, Anna, (probably reported saved as Anna Sinkkanea).
Sword, Hans K.
Stokes, Philip J.
Sharp, Percival.
Sedgwick, Mr.
Smith, Augustus.
Sweet, George.
Sjostedt, Ernst.
T.
Toomey, Ellen, (may be reported saved as Ellen Formery).
Taylor, Bandsman.
Turpin, William J.
Turpin, Mrs. Dorothy.
Turner, John H.
Trouneansky, M.
Tervan, Mrs. A.
Trant, Mrs. Jesse, (probably reported saved as Mrs. Jesse Traut).
V.
Veale, James.
W.
Wilhelm, Charles, (probably reported saved as Charles Williams).
Watson, E.
Woodward, Benjamin.
Woodward, Bandsman.
Ware, William C.
Weiss, Leopold.
Wheadon, Edward.
Ware, John J.
Ware, Mrs., (may be reported saved as Miss Florence Mare).
West, E. Arthur.
Wheeler, Edwin.
Wenman, Samuel.
THIRD CLASS--S
A.
Allum, Owen.
Alexander, William.
Adams, J.
Alfred, Evan.
Allen, William.
Akar, Nourealain.
Assad, Said.
Alice, Agnes.
Aks, Tilly.
Attala, Malakka.
Ayont, Bancura.
Ahmed, Ali.
Alhomaki, Ilmari.
Ali, Willham.
Anders, Gustafson.
Assam, Ali.
Asin, Adola.
Anderson, Albert.
Anderson, Ida.
Anderson, Thor.
Aronson, Ernest.
Ahlin, Johanna.
Anderson, Anders, and family.
Anderson, Carl.
Anderson, Samuel.
Andressen, Paul.
Augustan, Albert.
Abelsett, Glai.
Adelseth, Karen.
Adolf, Humblin.
Anderson, Erna.
Angheloff, Minko.
Arnold, Josef.
Arnold, Josephine.
Asplund, Johan.
B.
Braun, Lewis.
Braun, Owen.
Bowen, David.
Beavan, W.
Bachini, Zabour.
Belmentoy, Hassef.
Badt, Mohamet.
Betros, Yazbeck.
Barry, ----.
Bucklely, Katherine.
Burke, Jeremiah.
Barton, David.
Brocklebank, William.
Bostandyeff, Cuentche.
Bensons, John.
Billiard, A. and two children.
Bontos, Hanna.
Baccos, Boulos.
Bexrous, Tannous.
Burke, John.
Burke, Katherine.
Burke, Mary.
Burns, Mary.
Berglind, Ivar.
Balkic, Cerin.
Brobek, Carl.
Backstrom, Karl.
Berglund, Hans.
Bjorkland, Ernest.
C.
Can, Ernest.
Crease, Earnest.
Cohett, Gurshon.
Coutts, Winnie, and two children.
Cribb, John.
Cribb, Alice C.
Catavelas, Vassilios.
Caram, Catherine.
Cannavan, P.
Carr, Jenny.
Chartens, David.
Conlin, Thomas.
Celloti, Francesco.
Christman, Emil.
Caxon, Daniel.
Corn, Harry.
Carver, A.
Cook, Jacob.
Chip, Chang.
Chanini, Georges.
Chronopolous, Demetris.
Connaghton, M.
Connors, P.
Carls, Anderson.
Carlsson, August.
Coelhe, Domingo.
Carlson, Carl.
Coleff, Sotie.
Coleff, Peye.
Cor., Ivan, and family.
Calic, Manda.
Calic, Peter.
Cheskosics, Luka.
Cacic, Gego.
Cacic, Luka.
Cacis, Taria.
Carlson, Julius.
Crescovic, Maria.
D.
Dugemin, Joseph.
Dean, Bertram.
Dorkings, Edward.
Dennis, Samuel.
Dennis, William.
Drazenovic, Josef.
Daher, Shedid.
Daly, Eugene.
Dwar, Frank.
Davies, John.
Dowdell, E.
Davison, Thomas.
Davison, Mary.
Dwyer, Tillie.
Dakie, Branko.
Danoff, Yoto.
Dantchoff, Christo.
Denkoff, Mitto.
Dintcheff, Valtcho.
Dedalic, Regzo.
Dahlberg, Gerda.
Demossemacker, Emma.
Demossemacher, Guillaume.
Dimic, Jovan.
Dahl, Mauritz.
Dahl, Charles.
Drapkin, Jennie.
Donahue, Bert.
Doyle, Ellen.
Dalbom, Ernst, and family.
Dyker, Adolph.
Dyker, Elizabeth.
E.
Everett, Thomas.
Empuel, Ethel.
Elsbury, James.
Elias, Joseph.
Elias, Hanna.
Elias, Foofa.
Emmett, Thomas.
Ecimosic, Joso.
Edwardson, Gustave.
Eklund, Hans.
Ekstrom, Johan.
F.
Ford, Arthur.
Ford, Margaret, and family.
Franklin, Charles.
Foo, Cheong.
Farrell, James.
Flynn, James.
Flynn, John.
Foley, Joseph.
Foley, William.
Finote, Lingi.
Fischer, Eberhard.
G.
Goodwin, F., and family.
Goldsmith, Frank, and family.
Guest, Frank.
Green, George.
Garfirth, John.
Gillinski, Leslie.
Gheorgeff, Stano.
Ghemat, Emar.
Gerios, Youssef.
Gerios, Assaf.
Ghalil, Saal.
Gallagher, Martin.
Ganavan, Mary.
Glinagh, Katie.
Glynn, Mary.
Gronnestad, Daniel.
Gustafsch, Gideon.
Goldsmith, Nathan.
Goncalves, Mancel..
Gustafson, Johan.
Graf, Elin.
Gustafson, Alfred.
H.
Hyman, Abraham.
Harknett, Alice.
Hane, Youssef, and 2 children.
Haggendon, Kate.
Haggerty, Nora.
Hart, Henry.
Howard, May.
Harmer, Abraham.
Hachini, Najib.
Helene, Eugene.
Healy, Nora.
Henery, Della.
Hemming, Nora.
Hansen, Claus.
Hansen, Fanny.
Heininan, Wendis.
Hervonen, Helga and child.
Haas, Alaisa.
Hakkurainen, Elin.
Hakkurainen, Pekka.
Hankomen, Eluna.
Hansen, Henry.
Hendekovic, Ignaz.
Hickkinen, Laina.
Holm, John.
Hadman, Oscar.
Haglund, Conrad.
Haglund, Invald.
Henriksson, Jenny.
Hillstrom, Hilda.
Holten, Johan.
I.
Ing, Hen.
Iemenen, Manta.
Ilmakangas, Pista.
Ilmakangas, Ida.
Ilieff, Kriste.
Ilieff, Ylio.
Ivanoff, Kanie.
J.
Johnson, A., and family.
Jamila, Nicola, and child.
Jenymin, Annie.
Johnstone, W.
Joseph, Mary.
Jeannasr, Hanna.
Johannessen, Berdt.
Johannessen, Elias.
Johansen, Nils.
Johanson, Oscar.
Johansson, Gustav.
Jonkoff, Lazar.
Johnson, Elis, and family.
Johnson, Jakob.
Johnsson, Nils.
Jansen, Carl.
Jardin, Jose.
Jansen, Hans.
Johansson, Eric.
Jussila, Eric.
Jutel, Henry.
Johnsson, Carl.
Jusila, Kathina.
Juslia, Maria.
K.
Keefe, Arthur.
Kassen, Houssein.
Karum, Franz, and child.
Kelly, Anna.
Kelly, James.
Kennedy, John.
Kerane, Andy.
Kelley, James.
Keeni, Fahim.
Khalil, Lahia.
Kiernan, Philip.
Kiernan, John.
Kilgannon, Theodore.
Kakic, Tido.
Karajis, Milan.
Karkson, Einar.
Kalvig, Johannes.
King, Vincenz, and family.
Kallio, Nikolai.
Karlson, Nils.
Klasson, Klara, and two children.
L.
Lovell, John.
Lob, William.
Lobb, Cordelia.
Lester, James.
Lithman, Simon.
Leonard, I.
Lemberopolous, P.
Lakarian, Orsen.
Lane, Patrick.
Lennon, Dennis.
Lam, Ah.
Lam., Len.
Lang, Fang.
Ling, Lee.
Lockyer, Edward.
Latife, Maria.
Lennon, Mary.
Linehan, Michael.
Leinenen, Antti.
Lindell, Edward.
Lindell, Elin.
Lindqvist, Vine.
Larson, Viktor.
Lefebre, Frances and family.
Lindblom, August.
Lulic, Nicola.
Lundal, Hans.
Lundstrom, Jan.
Lyntakoff, Stanka.
Landegren, Aurora.
Laitinen, Sofia.
Larsson, Bengt.
Lasson, Edward.
Lindahl, Anna.
Lundin, Olga.
Linehan, Michael.
M.
Moore, Leonard.
Mackay, George.
Meek, Annie.
Mikalsen, Sander.
Miles, Frank.
Miles, Frederick.
Morley, William.
McNamee, Neal.
McNamee, Ellen.
Meanwell, Marian.
Meo, Alfonso.
Maisner, Simon.
Murdlin, Joseph.
Moor, Belle.
Moor, Meier.
Maria, Joseph.
Mantour, Mousea.
Moncarek, Omine, and two children.
McElroy, Michael.
McGowan, Katherine.
McMahon, --.
McMahon, Martin.
Madigan, Maggie.
Manion, Margaret.
Mechan, John.
Mocklare, Ellis.
Moran, James.
Mulvihill, Bertha.
Murphy, Kate.
Mikahen, John.
Melkebuk, Philomen.
Merms, Leon.
Midtsjo, Carl.
Myhrman, Oliver.
Myster, Anna.
Makinen, Kale.
Mustafa, Nasr.
Mike, Anna.
Mustmans, Fatina.
Martin, Johan.
Malinoff, Nicola.
McCoy, Bridget.
Markoff, Martin.
Marinko, Dimitri.
Mineff, Ivan.
Minkoff, Iazar.
Mirko, Dika.
Mitkoff, Nitto.
Moen, Sigurd.
N.
Nancarror, William.
Nomagh, Robert.
Nakle, Trotik.
Nosworthy, Richard.
Naughton, Hannah.
Norel, Manseur.
Niels, ----.
Nillson, Herta.
Nyoven, Johan.
Naidenoff, Penke.
Nankoff, Minko.
Nedelic, Petroff.
Nenkoff, Christe.
Nilson, August.
Nirva, Isak.
Nandewalle, Nestor.
O.
O’Brien, Dennis.
O’Brien, Hanna.
O’Brien, Thomas.
O’Donnell, Patrick
Odele, Catherine.
O’Connoy, Patrick.
O’Neill, Bridget.
Olsen, Carl.
Olsen, Ole.
Olson, Elin.
Olson, John.
Ortin, Amin.
Odahl, Martin.
Olman, Velin.
Olsen, Henry.
Olman, Mara.
Olsen, Elide.
Orescovic, Teko.
P.
Pedruzzi, Joseph.
Perkin, John.
Pearce, Ernest.
Peacock, Treesteall, and two children.
Potchett, George.
Peterson, Marius.
Peters, Katie.
Paulsson, Alma, and family.
Panula, Mari, and family.
Pekonami, E.
Peltomaki, Miheldi.
Pacruic, Mate.
Pacruic, Tamo.
Pastche, Petroff.
Pletcharsky, Vasil.
Palovic, Vtefo.
Petranec, Matilda.
Person, Ernest.
Pasic, Jacob.
Planks, Jules.
Peterson, Ellen.
Peterson, Olaf.
Peterson, Wohn.
R.
Rouse, Richard.
Rush, Alfred.
Rogers, William.
Reynolds, Harold.
Riordan, Hannah.
Ryan, Edward.
Rainch, Razi.
Roufoul, Aposetun.
Read, James.
Robins, Alexander.
Robins, Charity.
Risian, Samuel.
Risian, Emma.
Runnestvet, Kristian.
Randeff, Alexandre.
Rintamaki, Matti.
Rosblon, Helen, and family.
Ridegain, Charles.
S.
Sadowitz, Harry.
Saundercock, W.
Shellark, Frederick.
Sage, John, and family.
Sawyer, Frederick.
Spinner, Henry.
Shorney, Charles.
Sarkis, Lahound.
Sultani, Meme.
Stankovic, Javan.
Salini, Antoni.
Seman, Betros.
Sadlier, Matt.
Scanlon, James.
Shaughnessay, P.
Simmons, John.
Serota, Maurice.
Sommerton, F.
Slocovski, Selmen.
Sutchall, Henry.
Sather, Simon.
Storey, T.
Specter, Woolf.
Sirayman, Peter.
Samaan, Jouseef.
Saiide, Barbara.
Saad, Divo.
Sarkis, Madiresian.
Shine, Ellen.
Sullivan, Bridget.
Salander, Carl.
Sepelelanaker, Alfons.
Skog, William and family.
Solvang, Lena.
Strangberg, Ida.
Strilik, Ivan.
Salonen, Ferner.
Sivic, Husen.
Svenson, Ola.
Svenst, ----.
Sandman, Mohan.
Saljilsvick, Anna.
Schelp, Peter.
Sihvola, Antti.
Slabenoff, Peter.
Staneff, Ivan.
Stoytcho, Mikoff.
Stoytehoff, Illa.
Sydcoff, Todor.
Sandstrom, Agnes and two children.
Sheerlinch, Joan.
Smiljanik, Mile.
Strom, Elma, and child.
Svensson, John.
Swensson, Edwin.
T.
Tobin, Roger.
Thomson, Alex.
Theobald, Thomas.
Tomlin, Ernest.
Thorneycroft, P.
Thorneycroft, F.
Torber, Ernest.
Trembisky, Berk.
Tiley, Edward.
Tamini, Hilion.
Tannans, Daper.
Thomas, John.
Thomas, Charles.
Thomas, Tannous.
Tumin, Thomas, and infant.
Tikkanen, Juho.
Tonglin, Gunner.
Turoin, Stefan.
Turgo, Anna.
Tedoreff, Ialie.
U.
Usher, Haulmer.
Uzelas, Jose.
V.
Vander and family.
Vereuysse, Victor.
Vjoblon, Anna.
Vaclens, Adulle.
Vandersteen, Leo.
Vanimps, Jacob, and family.
Vatdevehde, Josep.
W.
Williams, Harry.
Williams, Leslie.
Ware, Frederick.
Warren, Charles.
Waika, Said.
Wazli, Jousef.
Wiseman, Philip.
Werber, James.
Windelor, Einar.
Weller, Edward.
Wennerstrom, August.
Wendal, Olaf.
Wistrom, Hans.
Wiklund, Jacob.
Wiklund, Carl.
Wenzel, Zinhart.
Wirz, Albert.
Wittewrongel, Camille.
Y.
Youssef, Brahim.
Yalsevac, Ivan.
Z.
Zakarian, Mapri.
Zievens, Rene.
Zimmerman, Leo.
OFFICIAL LIST OF PASSENGERS RESCUED.
The following is the official list of passengers rescued by the
Carpathia and taken to New York:
FIRST CABIN
A.
Anderson, Harry.
Appleton, Mrs. E. W.
Alison, Master, and nurse.
Allison, maid of.
Andrews, Miss K. T., (Miss Cornelia I.?)
Allen, Miss E. W.
Astor, Mrs. John Jacob, and maid.
Aubert, Mrs. N., and maid.
B.
Behr, Karl.
Bucknell, Mrs. William and maid.
Barkworth, Mr. A. H.
Bowerman, Miss E.
Brown, Mrs. J. J.
Burns, Miss C. M.
Bishop, Mr. and Mrs. D., (Mr. and Mrs. Dickinson Bisley).
Blank, Mr. H.
Baxter, Mrs. Jas.
Brayton, Geo. A.
Bonnell, Miss Caroline.
Bonnell, Miss Eliz.
Brown, Mrs. J. Murray.
Bowen, Miss Grace I.
Beckwith, Mr. and Mrs. R. L.
C.
Cardeza, Mrs. J. W., and maid.
Cassebere, Mrs. H. A., Jr.
Clarke, Mrs. W. M.
Chibnail, Mrs. H.
Crosby, Mrs. E. G.
Crosby, Miss H.
Cardell, Mrs. Churchill.
Calderhead, E. P.
Cavendish, Mrs. Turrell, and maid.
Chaffee, Mrs. H. L.
Cardeza, Mr. Thos.
Cummings, Mrs. J. B.
Chevre, Mr. Paul.
Cherry, Miss Gladys.
Chambers, Mr. and Mrs. N. C.
Carter, Mr. and Mrs. W. F.
Carter, Miss Lucille P.
Carter, Master Wm. T.
Cornell, Mrs. Robt. C.
D.
Douglass, Mrs. Fred C.
De Villiers, Mme.
Daly, Mr. P. D.
Daniel, Mr. Robt. W.
Davidson, Mrs. Thornton.
Douglass, Mrs. Walter, and maid.
Dodge, Mr. Washington.
Dodge, Mrs. Washington, and son.
Dick, Mr. and Mrs. A. A.
Drachstedt, Mr. A.
Duff-Gordon, Sir Cosmo.
Duff-Gordon, Lady.
E.
Endress, Miss Caroline (Mrs.?)
Earnshaw, Mrs. Boulton.
Eustis, Miss Eliz. M.
F.
Flegenheim, Miss Antoinette.
Francatelli, Miss M.
Flynn, Mr. J. I.
Fortune, Miss Alice.
Fortune, Miss Ethel.
Fortune, Mrs. Mark.
Fortune, Miss Mabel.
Fraunethal, Mr. and Mrs. Hy. W.
Frauenthal, Mr. and Mrs. I. G.
Frolicher, Mr. and Max.
Frolicher, Miss Margaret.
Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques.
G.
Gracie, Col. Archibald.
Graham, Mrs. Wm.
Graham, Miss.
Gibson, Miss Dorothy.
Goldenberg, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel.
Greenfield, Mrs. Lee D.
Greenfield, Mr. W. B.
Gibson, Mrs. Leonard.
H.
Haven, Mr. H.
Hippach, Mrs. Ida S.
Hippach, Miss Jean.
Harris, Mrs. H. B.
Holverson, Mrs. Alex.
Hogebloom, Mrs. J. C.
Hawksford, Mr. W. L.
Harper, Mrs. H. S.
Harper, Mrs. Henry S., and man-servant.
Hoyt, Mr. and Mrs. Fred M.
Harder, Mr. and Mrs. George.
Hays, Mrs. Chas. M.
Hays, Miss Margaret B.
I.
Ismay, Mr. J. Bruce.
K.
Kimball, Mr. and Mrs. E. M.
Kenyon, Mrs. F. A.
Krenchen, Miss Emile. (F. R. ?)
L.
Longley, Miss G. F.
Leader, Mrs. F. A.
Lines, Mrs. Ernest.
Lines, Miss Mary C.
Lindstrom, Mrs. Sigfrid.
M.
Meyer, Mrs. E. G.
Madill, Miss G. A.
Maloney, Mrs. R.
(Marvin?), Mrs. D. W.
Marechell, Pierre, Mr.
Minahan, Mrs. Wm. E.
Minahan, Miss Daisy.
Mock, Mr. Philip E.
McGough, Mr. Jas.
N.
Newell, Miss Marjorie (Miss Alice?).
Newell, Miss Madeline.
Newson, Miss Helen M.
O.
Ostby, Miss Helen.
Ormond, Mr. F.
P.
Penasco, Mrs. Joseph, (Victor?).
Potter, Mrs. Thos. J.
Peuchen, Major Arthur.
Pears, Mrs. Thomas.
Perrcault, Mrs. A.
R.
Rothschild, Mrs. Marton.
Rosenbaum, Miss Edith.
Rheims, Mr. George.
Rothes, Countess of.
Roberts, Mrs. E. S.
Rolmane, Mr. C.
Ryerson, Mr. J. B.
Ryerson, S. R., Miss.
Ryerson, Miss Emily.
Ryerson, Mrs. Arthur.
S.
Stone, Mrs. Geo. M. and maid.
Seward, Mr. Fred. K.
Shutes, Miss E.
Sloper, Mr. Wm. T.
Swift, Mrs. F. Joel.
Schaber, Mrs. Paul.
Spedden, Robert Douglass.
Snyder, Mr. and Mrs. John.
Silverhorn, Mr. R. Spencer.
Saalfeld, Mr. Adolf.
Smith, Mrs. Lucien P.,
Stephenson, Mrs. W. B.
Solomon, Mr. Abraham.
Silvey, Mrs. Wm. B.
Stengle, Mr. and Mrs., C. E. H.
Spencer, Mrs. W. A. and maid.
Slayter, Miss Hilda.
Spedden, Mr. and Mrs. F. O.
Straus’s, maid of.
T.
Thayer, Mrs. J. B., and maid.
Thayer, J. B., Jr.
Taussig, Miss Ruth.
Taussig, Mrs. E.
Taylor, E. Z.
Taylor, Mrs. E.
Tucker, Gilbert M., Jr.
Thorne, Mrs. Gertrude.
W.
Woolner, Hy.
Williams, Rich. M., Jr.
Warren, Mrs. F. M.
Wilson, Miss Helen A.
Willard, Miss C.
Wick, Mrs. George.
Wick, Miss Mary.
Widener, Mrs. George D., and maid.
White, Mrs. J. Stewart, and maid.
Widener, Valet G.
Y.
Young, Miss Marie G.
SECOND CABIN
Angle, Mrs.
Abelson, Mrs. Hanna.
Abbott, Mrs. Rosa.
Argenia, Mrs. Genovia, and two children.
Balls, Mrs. Ada E.
Bass, Miss Kate.
Becker, Mrs. A. O., and three children.
Beane, Mr. Edward.
Beane, Mrs.
Brown, Mildred.
Brown, Mrs. Elizabeth.
Bentham, Lillian W.
Bystron, Karolina.
Bryhl, Dagmar.
Beesley, Mr. L.
Clark, Mrs. Ada.
Cameron, Miss Clara.
Caldwell, Albert F.
Caldwell, Mrs. Sylvan.
Caldwell, Infant Alden.
Christy, Alice..
Christy, Julia,.
Collet, Stuart (Mr.).
Collyer, Mrs. Charlotte.
Collyer, Miss Marjorie.
Doling, Mrs. Ada.
Doling, Miss Elsie.
Drew, Mrs. Lulu and child.
Davis, Mrs. Agnes.
Davis, Miss Mary.
Davis, John M.
Duran, Florentine.
Duran, Miss A.
Faunthorpe, Mrs. Lizz.
Garside, Ethel.
Hart, Mrs. (Esther).
Hart, Child, (Eva)
Harris, George.
Hewlett, Mrs. Mary.
Harper, Nana.
Hold, Mrs. A.
Hosno, Mr. Masabumi.
Hocking, Mrs., and
daughter.
Herman, Mrs. Jane.
Herman, Miss Kate,.
Herman, Miss Alice.
Hamlia, Mrs. H. and child.
Hoffman, Lolo.
Hoffman, Lues.
Hett, Bertha,.
Jacobson, Mrs. Amy.
Jerman, Mrs. M.
Keane, Miss Nora A.
Kelly, Mrs. F.
Kemton, Mirriam.
Leitch, Jessie,.
Laroche, Mrs.
Laroche, Miss Simmome.
Laroche, Miss Louise.
Lehman, Bertha.
Lauch, Mrs. A.
Lamore, Amelia.
Mellinger, Eliz.
Mellinger, Child.
Marshall, Mrs. Kate.
Mallet, Mrs.
Mallett, Master R. E.
Mellers, W. J.
Mussa or Nesser, Mrs.
Nye, Elizabeth.
Oxenham, Thomas.
Phillips, Alice.
Pallas, Mrs. Emilio. (?)
Padro, Mr. Julian.
Pinsky, Rosa.
Portaluppi, Emilio.
Parish, Mrs. David.
Quick, Mrs. Jane.
Quick, Miss Vera.
Quick, Miss Phyllis.
Rinaldo, Mrs. Emcarmacion.
Ridsdale, Lucy.
Renouf, Mrs. Lily.
Rugg, Miss Emily.
Richards, Emily, and two children.
Rogers, Miss Selina.
Sincock, Miss Maude.
Smith, Miss Marion.
Silven, Lylle.
Simpson, Alma.
Toney, Miss.
Trent, Mrs. Jessie.
Trout, Miss E.
Williams, C. Chas.
Weitz, Mrs. (Mathilda).
Webber, Miss Susie.
Wright, Miss Marion.
Watt, Mrs. Bessie.
Watt, Miss Bertha.
West, Mrs.
West, Miss Constance.
West, Miss Barbara.
Wells, Addie.
Wells, Miss.
Wells, Master.
Ware, Mrs. Florence.
Whilems, Chas.
Water, Nellie.
Woolcroft, Nellie.
THIRD CLASS STEERAGE
Anderson, Emma.
Aks, Leah.
Aks, Fily.
Abrahamson, August.
Asplund, John.
Abelseth, Olaus.
Abelseth, Koran.
Asplund, Selina.
Asplund, William.
Asplund, Felix.
Assay, Marion.
Ajul, Bemora.
Anderson, Carla.
Brien, Hanno O.
Buckley, Daniel.
Bradley, Bridget.
Badman, Emily.
Bockstrom, Mary.
Bolos, Monthora.
Bakline, Latifa.
Bakline, Marie.
Bakline, Eugene.
Bakline, Helena.
Coutts, Winnie.
Coutts, William.
Coutts, Veville.
Carr, Ellen.
Colier, Gosham,.
Cribb, Laura.
Cassen, Nassef.
Connelly, Kate.
Dorkings, Edward.
Driscoll, Bridget.
Daly, Eugene.
Devincy, Margaret.
Draplin, Jennie.
Dean, Ettie.
Dean, Bertram.
Dean, Gladys.
Davidson, Mary.
Dahl, Charles.
Daly, Marcella.
Dardell, Elizabeth.
Dyker, Elizabeth.
Darawich, Hassin.
Darawich, George.
Darawich, Marian.
Dugennon, Joseph.
Emanuel, Ethel.
Fastaman, David.
Frithjof, Mathesen.
Fatnai, Ermaculmam.
Glynn, Mary.
Goldsmith, Emily.
Goldsmith, Frank.
Gallinagh, Kate.
Gunner, Tonjlon.
Hyman, Abraham.
Howard, Mary.
Hokkarmer, Ellen.
Hermen, Hilda.
Hanson, Jenny.
Hedman, Oscar.
Hamann, Merris.
Hillsbrom, Hilda.
Hakanen, Line.
Hankonen, Elena.
Jelscrac, Ivar.
Jermyn, Annie.
Johansen, Oscar.
Joseph, Katherine.
Joseph, Mary.
Jenson, Carl.
Johanson, Berendt.
Johanson, Oscar L.
Johnson, Alice.
Johnsen, Eleanora.
Johnsen, Harold.
Joseph, Mary.
Jousef, Shanin.
John, Borah.
Janson, Carl.
Jonsila, Eric.
Kelly, Annie.
Kelly, Mary.
Kockoven, Erichan.
Kennedy, John.
Kink, Anton.
Kink, Louisa.
Kink, Louisa.
Kurum, Franz.
Kurum, Anna.
Karlson, Einac.
Lindin, Olga.
Lundstrom, Imric.
Lundegren, Aurora.
Lulu, Newlin.
Mulder, Theodor De.
Moran, Bertha.
Madigan, Maggie.
Mechlane, Ellen.
McDermott, Delia.
Marion, Margaret.
Murphy, Maggie.
Murphy, Kate.
Moor, Neuna.
Moor, Belle.
Mulvehill, Bertha.
McCoy, Bernard.
Mullen, Kate.
Murphy, Norah.
Midtago, Carl.
Moss, Albert.
Messenacker, Arcina.
Monbarck, Annie.
Monbarck, Gurio.
Monbarck, Halim.
McCormack, Thos.
McCoy, Agnes.
McCarthy, Kate.
McCoy, Alice.
McGovan, Mary.
McGovan, Annie.
Nelson, Bertha.
Nzsten, Annan.
Nelson, Helmina.
Nicola, Jancole.
Nicola, Elias.
Neckard, Said.
Neckard, Wodar.
Neckard, Marim.
Nigel, Joseph.
Niskanan, John.
O’Dwyer, Nellie.
O’Keefe, Patrick.
O’Leary, Norah.
Olsen, Archer.
Olman, Vilm.
Osman, Mara.
Person, Ernes.
Ryan, Edward.
Reardon, Hannah.
Roth, Sarah.
Schurlich, Jane.
Sap, Jules.
Sunderland, Victor.
Shina, Ellen.
Smyth, Julian.
Stanley, Amig.
Sevenson, Servin.
Sundman, Julian.
Sjoblom, Annie.
Sandstrom, Agnes.
Sandstrom, Margaret.
Sandstrom, Beatrice.
Salkjclsock, Anna.
Scunda, Famimi.
Scunda, Assed.
Strand, Jahs.
Thornycroft, Florence.
Treunbisky, Buk.
Turnqu, Wm. H.
Turgen, Ann.
Turkala, Hevig.
Vagie, Adele Jane.
Winnerstrom, Amy E.
Wilkes, Ellen.
Yeslick, Salamy.
Zuni, Fabim.
Luigi, Finoli.
Ah Lam.
Bing Lee.
Tang Lang.
Hee Lang.
Chip Chang.
Foo Chang.
Stachelm, Mr. Max.
Simonius, Mr. Alfon.
Typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber:
in a pitably=> in a pitiably {pg vi}
the magnificance=> the magnificence {pg vi}
space alloted=> space allotted {pg vi}
Refused Helf from=> Refused Help from {pg xii}
571 lies lost=> 571 lives lost {pg xv}
50 lies lost=> 50 lives lost {pg xv}
hundering knocks=> thundering knocks {pg 25}
the survivors says=> the survivors say {pg 27}
belief hat=> belief that {pg 30}
injurying my spine=> injuring my spine {pg 40}
the liftboats=> the lifeboats {pg 42}
The millionarie New=> The millionaire New {pg 51}
or exaggreated=> or exaggerated {pg 56}
were swniging=> were swinging {pg 60}
seen the iceberk=> seen the iceberg {pg 63}
fill them when whey they=> fill them when they {pg 68}
those pitfully few=> those pitifully few {pg 71}
cumberstone boats=> cumbersome boats {pg 72}
get the the cumbersome=> get the cumbersome {pg 72}
than Mr. Stegel is=> than Mr. Stengel is {pg 90}
quickly from itself=> quickly form itself {pg 98}
Countless Aids=> Countess Aids {pg 103}
Narvatil’s husband=> Navratil’s husband {pg 112}
clapsed her in her arms=> clasped her in her arms {pg 118}
clasped in his embace=> clasped in his embrace {pg 121}
hardly started before=> hardly startled before {pg 122}
overcome with horrow=> overcome with horror {pg 134}
quicky grasped=> quickly grasped {pg 136}
proved of cosiderable=> proved of considerable {pg 140}
frightened peolple=> frightened people {pg 145}
It was was not until=> It was not until {pg 146}
women and chidlren=> women and children {pg 151}
stagged and collapsed=> staggered and collapsed {pg 151}
cremated now as them=> cremated now as then {pg 153}
the ship do down=> the ship go down {pg 154}
with a factured leg=> with a fractured leg {pg 164}
glass,” said Whitely=> glass,” said Whitley {pg 164}
after the boats struck=> after the boat struck {pg 165}
THERE WAS TWO=> THERE WERE TWO {pg 166}
his wife bood-bye=> his wife good-bye {pg 168}
not to go to sleep=> not go to sleep {pg 178}
it was unbelieveable=> it was unbelievable {pg 177}
were lowereing lifeboats=> were lowering lifeboats {pg 185}
withtout a hat=> without a hat {pg 186}
my feeet at=> my feet at {pg 188}
went to the the starboard side=> went to the starboard side {pg 189}
Eightth avenue=> Eighth avenue {pg 196}
had previosuly had=> had previously had {pg 199}
called the millionaries’=> called the millionares’ {pg 212}
now down on the horizon=> low down on the horizon {pg 215}
Just them day broke=> Just then day broke {pg 215}
stopping disorder that anything=> stopping disorder than anything {pg
223}
Chief Witesses=> Chief Witnesses {pg 235}
answered Cottom=> answered Cottom {pg 247}
It’s captain’s end=> Its captain’s end {pg 249}
messages Mr. Philips => messages Mr. Phillips {pg 253}
had been injuried=> had been injured {pg 253}
Phillipps stepped out on the beat=> Phillips stepped out on the boat
{pg 256}
these was Phillipps=> these was Phillips {pg 256}
ilfeboats from=> lifeboats from {pg 274}
Cailfornian display=> Californian display {Report} Fortune, Clarles=>
Fortune, Charles {pg list}