[1] = Metodes.

[2] = earfoþa.

[3] = sweotole.

[4] = medu-.

[5] = ferhð.

[6] = cearu.

[7] See bewâwan.

[8] See behrêosan.

[9] = wînsalu.

[10] See bedrêosan.

[11] = fugol.

[12] = ferhðe.

[13] = magu.

[14] = -hliðu.

[Linenotes:

7: The MS. reading is #hryre# (nominative), which is

meaningless.

8: For #ûhtna gehwylce#, see note on #cênra gehwylcum#,

p. 140 [[_Beowulf_ 769]].

10: #þe ... him#. See § 75 (4). Cf. _Merchant of Venice_,

II, v, 50-51.

27: For #mine# (MS. #in#), which does not satisfy metrical

requirements, I adopt Kluge's plausible substitution of

#miltse#; #miltse witan# = _to show_ (_know, feel_), _pity_. The

#myne wisse# of _Beowulf_ (l. 169) is metrically admissible.

37: The object of #wât# is #þinceð him on môde#; but the

construction is unusual, inasmuch as both #þæt's# (#þæt#

pronominal before #wât# and #þæt# conjunctional before #þinceð#)

are omitted. See p. 112, ll. 18-19.

41: #þinceð him on môde# (see note on #him ... þîoden#, p. 147

[[_Beowulf_ 2810-11]]). "No more sympathetic picture has

been drawn by an Anglo-Saxon poet than where the wanderer in

exile falls asleep at his oar and dreams again of his dead lord

and the old hall and revelry and joy and gifts,--then wakes to

look once more upon the waste of ocean, snow and hail falling

all around him, and sea-birds dipping in the spray." (Gummere,

_Germanic Origins_, p. 221.)

53-55: #Secga ... cwidegiedda# = _But these comrades of

warriors_ [= those seen in vision] _again swim away_ [= _fade

away_]; _the ghost of these fleeting ones brings not there many

familiar words_; i.e. he sees in dream and vision the old

familiar faces, but no voice is heard: they bring neither

greetings to him nor tidings of themselves.

65: #Wita sceal geþyldig#. Either #bêon# (#wesan#) is here

to be understood after #sceal#, or #sceal# alone means _ought to

be_. Neither construction is to be found in Alfredian prose,

though the omission of a verb of motion after #sculan# is common

in all periods of Old English. See note on #nô ... meahte#,

p. 140 [[_Beowulf_ 755]].

75: #swâ nû#. "The Old English lyrical feeling," says Ten

Brink, citing the lines that immediately follow #swâ nû#, "is

fond of the image of physical destruction"; but I do not think

these lines have a merely figurative import. The reference is to

a period of real devastation, antedating the Danish incursions.

"We might fairly find such a time in that parenthesis of bad

government and of national tumult which filled the years between

the death of Aldfrith in 705 and the renewed peace of

Northumbria under Ceolwulf in the years that followed 729."

(Brooke, _Early Eng. Lit._, p. 355.)

93: #cwôm ... gesetu#. Ettmüller reads #cwômon#; but see

p. 107, note on #wæs ... þâ îgland# [[linenote 107.14-15]]. The

occurrence of #hwæ:r cwôm# three times in the preceding line

tends also to hold #cwôm# in the singular when its plural

subject follows. Note the influence of a somewhat similar

structural parallelism in _seas hides_ of these lines (_Winter's

Tale_, IV, iv, 500-502):

"Not for ... all the _sun sees_ or

The close _earth wombs_ or the profound _seas hides_

In unknown fathoms, will I break my oath."

111: #gesæt ... rûne#, _sat apart to himself in silent

meditation_.

114: #eorl ... gefremman#. Supply #sceal# after #eorl#.]

I. GLOSSARY.

OLD ENGLISH--MODERN ENGLISH.

[The order of words is strictly alphabetical, except that ð follows t.

The combination æ follows ad.

Gender is indicated by the abbreviations, m. (= masculine), f.

(= feminine), n. (= neuter). The usual abbreviations are employed for

the cases, nom., gen., dat., acc., and instr. Other abbreviations are

sing. (= singular), pl. (= plural), ind. (= indicative mood), sub.

(= subjunctive mood), pres. (= present tense), pret. (= preterit tense),

prep. (= preposition), adj. (= adjective), adv. (= adverb), part.

(= participle), conj. (= conjunction), pron. (= pronoun), intrans.

(= intransitive), trans. (= transitive).

Figures not preceded by § refer to page and line of the texts.]

[[Transcriber's Note:

References to verse selections (pages 136-153) are followed by the

actual line number in [[double brackets]].]

#A.#

â, _ever, always, aye_.

abbudisse, f., _abbess_ [Lat. abbatissa].

âbêodan (§ 109), _bid, offer_;

him hæ:l âbêad 138, 9 [[_Beowulf_ 654]] = _bade him hail, wished him

health_.

âbrecan (§ 120, Note 2), _break down, destroy_.

âbûgan (§ 109, Note 1), _give way, start_ [bow away].

ac, conj., _but_.

âcweðan (§ 115), _say, speak_.

âcy:ðan (§ 126), _reveal, proclaim_ [cûð].

âd, m., _funeral pile_.

adesa, m., _adze, hatchet_.

æ: (æ:w), f., _law_.

æ:dre (êdre), f., _stream, canal, vein_;

blôd êdrum dranc 139, 4 [[_Beowulf_ 743]] = _drank blood in streams_

(instr.).

æ:fæstnis, f., _piety_.

æ:fen-ræst, f., _evening rest_.

æ:fen-spræ:c, f., _evening speech_.

æ:f[e,]st (æ:wf[e,]st), _law-abiding, pious_.

æ:f[e,]stnis, see æ:fæstnis.

æ:fre, _ever, always_.

æ:fter, prep. (§ 94, (1)), _after_;

æ:fter ðæ:m, _after that, thereafter_;

æfter ðæ:m ðe, conj., _after_.

æfter, adv., _after, afterwards_.

æ:ghwâ (§ 77, Note), _each, every_.

æ:ghwilc (§ 77, Note), _each, any_.

æ:glæ:ca, see âglæ:ca.

æ:gðer (æ:ghwæðer, âðer) (§ 77, Note), _each, either_;

æ:gðer ... ôðer ... ôðer, _either ... or ... or_;

æ:gðer ge ... ge (§ 95, (2)), _both ... and_;

æ:gðer ge ... ge ... ge, _both ... and ... and_.

æ:ht, f., _property, possession_ [âgan].

æ:lc (§ 77), _each_.

ælde (ielde) (§ 47), m. pl., _men_; gen. pl., ælda.

ælmihtig, _almighty_.

æ:metta, m., _leisure_ [_empti_-ness].

æ:nig (§ 77), _any_;

æ:nige ðinga 141, 22 [[_Beowulf_ 792]] = _for anything_.

(See 140, 15 [[_Beowulf_ 769]], Note.)

æ:r, adv., _before, formerly, sooner_;

nô þy: æ:r 140, 1 [[_Beowulf_ 755]] = _none the sooner_;

æ:ror, comparative, _before, formerly_;

æ:rest, superlative, _first_.

æ:r, conj. (§ 105, 2), _ere, before_ = æ:r ðæ:m ðe.

æ:r, prep, with dat., _before_ (time);

æ:r ðæ:m ðe, conj. (§ 105, 2), _before_.

ærcebisceop, m., _archbishop_ [Lat. archiepiscopus].

æ:rendgewrit, n., _message, letter_.

æ:rendwreca (-raca), m., _messenger_.

æ:rest, adj. (§ 96, (4)), _first_.

ærnan (§ 127), _ride, gallop_ [iernan].

æ:rra, adj. (§ 96, (4)), _former_.

æ:rwela, m., _ancient wealth_.

æsc, m., _ash, spear_; gen. pl., asca.

Æscesdûn, f., _Ashdown_ (in Berkshire).

æstel, m., _book-mark_ [Lat. hastula].

æt (§ 94, (1)), _at, in_;

with leornian, _to learn_, geðicgan, _to receive_, and other verbs

of similar import,

æt = _from_: 115, 18; 137, 8 [[_Beowulf_ 630]], etc.

ætberan (§ 114), _bear to, hand_.

ætgæd(e)re, adv., _together_.

ætsteppan (§ 116), _step up, advance_; pret. sing., ætstôp.

æðele, _noble, excellent_.

æðeling, m., _a noble, prince_.

Æðelwulfing, m., _son of Ethelwulf_.

Æðered, m., _Ethelred_.

âfeallan (§ 117), _fall_.

âfierran (§ 127), _remove_ [feor].

âgan (§ 136), _to own, possess_.

âgen, adj.-part., _own_; dat. sing., âgnum [âgan].

âgiefan (§ 115), _give back_.

âglæ:ca (æ:glæ:ca), m., _monster, champion_.

âhton, see âgan.

âlæ:tan (§ 117), _let go, leave_.

aldor, see ealdor.

âl[e,]cgan (§ 125, Note), _lay down_ [licgan]; past part., âlêd.

Âlîesend, m., _Redeemer_ [âlîesan = _release, ransom_].

âlimpan (§ 110), _befall, occur_.

âly:fan (§ 126), _entrust, permit_.

ambor, m., _measure_; gen. pl., ambra (§ 27, (4)).

ambyre, _favorable_.

ân (§ 89), _one_;

âna, _alone, only_;

ânra gehwylcum 141, 15 [[_Beowulf_ 785]] = _to each one_.

(See 140, 15, Note. [[_Beowulf_ 769]])

anda, m., _zeal, injury, indignation_;

hæleðum on andan 153, 6 [[_Wanderer_ 105]] = _harmful to men_.

andêfn, f., _proportion, amount_.

andgiet (-git), n., _sense, meaning_.

andgitfullîce, _intelligibly_;

-gitfullîcost, _superlative_.

andswaru, f., _answer_.

andwyrdan (§ 127), _to answer_; pret., andwyrde.

Angel, n., _Anglen_ (in Denmark); dat. sing., Angle (§ 27 (4)).

Angelcynn, n., _English kin, English people, England_.

ânhaga (-hoga), m., _a solitary, wanderer_ [ân + hogian,

_to meditate_].

ânlîpig, _single, individual_.

ânunga (§ 93, (2)), _once for all_ [ân].

apostol, m., _apostle_ [Gr. +apostolos+].

âr, f., _honor, property, favor_;

âre gebîdeð 148, 3 [[_Wanderer_ 1]] = _waits for divine favor_

(gen.).

âræ:d, adj., _inexorable_.

âræ:dan (§ 126), _read_.

âr[e,]cc(e)an (§ 128), _translate, expound_.

ârfæstnis, f., _virtue_.

ârîsan (§ 102), _arise_.

asca, see aesc.

âs[e,]cgan (§ 132), _say, relate_.

âs[e,]ttan (§ 127), _set, place_.

âsingan (§ 110), _sing_.

âsp[e,]ndan (§ 127), _spend, expend_.

âstîgan (§ 102), _ascend, arise_.

âst[o,]ndan (§ 116), _stand up_.

âtêah, see âtêon.

atelîc, _horrible, dire_.

âtêon (§ 118), _draw, draw away, take_ (as a journey).

atol, _horrible, dire_.

âttor, n., _poison_.

âtuge, see âtêon.

âð, m., _oath_.

âðer, see æ:gðer.

âw[e,]ccan (§ 128), _awake, arouse_; pret. sing., âweahte, âw[e,]hte.

aweg, _away_.

âw[e,]ndan (§ 127), _turn, translate_.

âwrîtan (§ 102), _write, compose_.

âwyrcan (§ 128), _work, do, perform_.

#B.#

Bâchs[e,]cg, m., _Bagsac_.

bæcbord, n., _larboard, left side of a ship_.

bæ:l, n., _funeral fire, funeral pile_.

bân, n., _bone_.

bân-fâg, _adorned with bones_ or _antlers_.

bân-loca, m., _flesh_ [bone-locker].

Basengas, m. pl., _Basing_ (in Hantshire).

be (bî) (§ 94, (1)), _by, about, concerning, near, along,

according to_;

be norðan þæ:m wêstenne (§ 94, (4)), _north of the waste (desert)_;

be fullan, _fully, perfectly_.

bêag, see bûgan.

bêag-hroden, _ring-adorned_.

bêah (bêag), m., _ring, bracelet, collar_ [bûgan].

bealo-nîð, m., _dire hatred, poison, venom_.

bearn, n., _child, son_ [bairn].

bebêodan (§ 109), _command, bid, entrust_ (with dat.).

bebîo-, see bebêo-.

bebohte, see bebycgan.

bebycgan (§ 128), _sell_.

bêc, see bôc.

becuman (§ 114), _come, arrive, befall_.

bedæ:lan (§ 126), _separate, deprive_.

bedrêosan (§ 109), _deprive_; past part. pl., bedrorene (bidrorene)

[dross, dreary].

befæ:stan (§ 127), _fasten, implant_.

befêolan (§ 110), _apply one's self_;

ðâra ðe ðâ spêda hæbben ðæ:t hîe ðæ:m befêolan mægen 119, 20 =

_of those who have the means by which they may apply themselves

to it_.

beforan, prep. with dat., _before_.

bêgen (declined like twêgen, § 89), _both_.

begeondan (begiondan), prep. with dat., _beyond_.

begietan (§ 115), _get, obtain, find_.

beginnan (§ 110), _begin_.

beheonan (behionan), prep. with dat., _on this side of_.

behreôsan (§ 109), _fall upon, cover_; past part. pl., behrorene

(bihrorene).

belimpan (§ 110), _pertain, belong_.

beniman (§ 114), _take, derive_.

b[e,]nn, f., _wound_ [bana = _murderer_].

bêon (bîon) (§ 134), _be, consist_.

beorh (beorg, biorh), m., _mound_ [barrow].

beorht, _bright, glorious_.

Beormas, m. pl., _Permians_.

beorn, m., _man, hero, chief_.

bêor-þ[e,]gu, f., _beer-drinking_ [þicgan = _receive_].

bêot, n., _boast_.

beran (§ 114), _bear_.

berêafian (§ 130), _bereave_;

since berêafod 145, 22 [[_Beowulf_ 2747]] = _bereft of treasure_.

beren, adj., _of a bear, bear_.

berstan (§ 110), _burst, crack_.

besmiðian (§ 130), _make hard_ (as at the forge of a smith).

b[e,]t, see wel (§ 97, (2)).

bêtan (§ 126), _make good, requite_; past part. pl., gebêtte.

b[e,]tera (b[e,]tra), see gôd (§ 96, (3)).

betlîc, _excellent_.

b[e,]tsta, see gôd (§ 96, (3)).

betuh (betux) (§ 94, (1)), _between_.

betwêonan (§ 94, (1)), _between_.

bety:nan (§ 126), _close, end_ [tûn = _enclosure_].

bewâwan (§ 117), _blow upon_; past part. pl., bewâune (biwâune,

bewâwene).

bewrêon (§ 118, 1), _enwrap_; pret. 3d sing., bewrâh (biwrâh).

bî, see be.

bi-, see be-.

bîdan (§ 102), _bide, await, expect, endure_ (with gen.).

biddan (§ 115, Note 2), _bid, pray, request_ (§ 65, Note 3);

bæd hine blîðne 136, 7 [[_Beowulf_ 618]] = _bade him be blithe_.

bindan (§ 110), _bind_.

bîo, see bêo (imperative sing.).

bisceop (biscep), m., _bishop_ [Lat. episcopus].

bisceop-stôl, m., _episcopal seat, bishopric_.

bisigu, f., _business, occupation_; dat. pl., bisgum.

bîtan (§ 102), _bite, cut_.

biwrâh, see bewrêon.

blæ:d, m., _glory, prosperity_ [blâwan = _blow, inflate_].

Blêcinga-êg, f., _Blekingen_.

bliss, f., _bliss_ [blîðe].

blîðe, _blithe, happy_.

blôd, n., _blood_.

bôc (§ 68, (1), Note 1), f., _book_.

bôcere, m., _scribe_ [bôc].

b[o,]na (bana), m., _murderer_ [bane].

bôt, f., _boot, remedy, help, compensation_.

brâd (§ 96, (1)), _broad_.

bræ:dan (§ 126), _extend, spread_ [brâd].

bræ:dra, see brâd.

brægd, see bregdan.

brêac, see brûcan.

breahtm, m., _noise, revelry_;

burgwara breahtma lêase 152, 10 [[_Wanderer_ 86]] = _bereft of the

revelries of citizens_.

bregdan (§ 110), _brandish, draw_ [braid]; pret. ind. 3d sing., brægd.

brenting, m., _high ship_.

brêost, n., _breast_ (the pl. has the same meaning as the sing.).

brêost-cofa, m., _breast-chamber, heart, mind_.

brêost-gehygd, n., _breast-thought, thought of the heart, emotion_.

brim, n., _sea, ocean_.

brimfugol, m., _sea-fowl_.

bringan (§ 128), _bring_.

brôhte, brôhton, see bringan.

brôðor (brôður) (§ 68, (2)), m., _brother_.

brûcan (§ 109, Note 1), _use, enjoy_ (§ 62, Note 1; but Alfred

frequently employs the acc. with brûcan).

brycg, f., _bridge_.

bry:cð, see brûcan.

brytta, m., _distributor, dispenser_ [brêotan = _break in pieces_].

bûan (§ 126, Note 2), _dwell, cultivate_ [bower].

bûde, see bûan.

bufan, prep. with dat. and acc., _above_.

bûgan (§ 109, Note 1), _bow, bend, turn_.

bune, f., _cup_.

burg (burh) (§ 68, (1), Note), f., _city, borough_; dat. sing., byrig.

Burgenda, m. gen. pl., _of the Burgundians_;

Burgenda land, _Bornholm_.

burgware (§ 47), m. pl., _burghers, citizens_.

burh, see burg.

bûtan (bûton), prep. (§ 94, (1)), _without, except, except for, but_.

bûtan (bûton), conj., _except that, unless_.

bûtû, _both_ (= _both_--_two_.

The word is compounded of the combined neuters of bêgen and twêgen,

but is m. and f. as well as n.).

by:n (§ 126, Note 2), _cultivated_.

byrde, adj., _of high rank, aristocratic_.

byrig, see burg.

byrne, f., _byrnie, corselet, coat of mail_.

byrnwiga, m., _byrnie-warrior, mailed soldier_.

byrð, see beran.

#C.#

canôn, m., _sacred canon, Bible_ [Lat. canon, Gr. +kanôn+].

cearu (cearo), f., _care_.

ceaster-bûend, m., _castle-dweller_.

cêne, _keen, bold, brave_.

cêosan (§ 109), _choose, accept, encounter_.

cild, n., _child_.

cirice, f., _church_; nom. pl., ciricean.

cirr (cierr), m., _turn, time, occasion_ [char, chore, ajar = on

char, on the turn].

cirran (§ 127), _turn_.

clæ:ne, _clean, pure_.

clæ:ne, adv., _entirely _ ["clean out of the way," Shaks.].

clûdig, _rocky_ [having boulders or masses like _clouds_].

clyppan (§ 127), _embrace, accept_ [clip = clasp for letters, papers,

etc.].

cnapa, m., _boy_ [knave].

cnêo (cnêow), n., _knee_; acc. pl., cnêo.

cniht, m., _knight, warrior_.

cnyssan (§ 125), _beat_.

collenferð (-ferhð), _proud-minded, fierce_.

costnung, f., _temptation_.

Crêcas (Crêacas), m. pl., _Greeks_.

cringan (§ 110), _cringe, fall_.

Crîst, m., _Christ_.

Crîsten, _Christian_; nom. pl. m., Crîstene, Crîstne.

cuma, m., _new-comer, stranger_.

cuman (§ 114), _come_. (See p. 138, Note on ll. 2-6.)

cunnan (§ 137), _know, can, understand_.

cunnian (§ 130), _make trial of, experience_ [cunnan].

cure, see cêosan.

cûð, _well-known, familiar_ [past part. of cunnan: cf. uncouth].

cûðe, cûðen, cûðon, see cunnan.

cwæ:den, cwæ:don, see cweðan.

cwalu, f., _death, murder_ [cwelan].

cwealm-cuma, m., _murderous comer_.

cwelan (§ 114), _die_ [to quail].

cwên, f., _queen_.

Cwênas, m. pl., _a Finnish tribe_.

cweðan (§ 115), _say, speak_ [quoth, bequeath].

cwic, _living, alive_ [quicksilver; the quick and the dead].

cwidegiedd, n., _word, utterance_ [cweðan and gieddian, both meaning

_to speak_].

cwîðan (§ 126), _bewail_ (trans.).

cwôm, see cuman.

cyle (ciele), m., _cold_ [chill];

cyle gewyrcan 110, 7 = _produce cold, freeze_.

cyme, m., _coming_ [cuman].

cyn(n), n., _kin, race_.

cyn(n), adj. (used only in pl.), _fitting things, etiquette,

proprieties, courtesies_;

cynna gemyndig 136, 3 [[_Beowulf_ 614]] = _mindful of courtesies_.

cynerîce, n., _kingdom_.

cyning, m., _king_.

cyssan (§ 125), _kiss_.

cyst, f., _the choice, the pick, the best_ [cêosan].

cy:ðan (§ 126), _make known, display_, [cûð];

2d sing. imperative, cy:ð.

#D.#

dæ:d, f., _deed_.

dæg, m., _day_.

dæg-hwîl, f., _day-while, day_;

hê dæg-hwîla gedrogen hæfde eorðan wynne 145, 2 [[_Beowulf_ 2727]] =

_he had spent his days of earth's joy_.

dæg-rîm, n., number of days [day-rime];

dôgera daeg-rîm 143, 7 [[_Beowulf_ 824]] = _the number of his days_.

dæl, n., _dale_.

dæ:l, m., _part, deal, division_.

dêad, _dead_.

dêað, m., _death_.

dêman (§ 126), _deem, judge_.

D[e,]namearc, see D[e,]nemearc.

D[e,]ne (§ 47), m. pl., _Danes_.

D[e,]nemearc (D[e,]nemearce), f., _Denmark_; dat. sing., D[e,]nemearce

(strong), D[e,]nemearcan (weak).

D[e,]nisc, _Danish_;

ðâ D[e,]niscan, _the Danes_.

dêofol, m., n., _devil_; gen. sing., dêofles (§ 27, (4)).

dêope, _deeply, profoundly_ [dêop].

dêor, n., _wild animal_ [deer].

deorc, _dark, gloomy_.

dôgor, n., _day_; gen. pl., dôgora, dôgera, dôgra.

dôgor-gerîm, n., _number of days, lifetime_.

dôm, m., _doom, judgment, glory_.

dômgeorn, adj., _eager for glory_ [_doom-yearning_].

dôn (§ 135), _do, cause, place, promote, remove_.

dorste, dorston, see durran.

drêam, m., _joy, mirth_ [dream].

drêogan (§ 109), _endure, enjoy, spend_ [Scotch dree].

drêorig, _dreary, sad_.

drêorighlêor, adj., _with sad face_ [hlêor = _cheek, face, leer_].

drêosan (§ 109), _fall, perish_ [dross].

drîfan (§ 102), _drive_.

drihten, see dryhten.

drincan (§ 110), _drink_.

drohtoð (-að), m., _mode of living, occupation_ [drêogan].

drugon, see drêogan.

dryhten (drihten), m., _lord, Lord_; dat. sing., dryhtne.

dryht-s[e,]le, m., _lordly hall_.

duguð, f., _warrior-band, host, retainers_ [doughtiness].

In duguð and geogoð, the higher (older) and lower (younger) ranks

are represented, the distinction corresponding roughly to the

mediæval distinction between knights and squires.

durran (§ 137), _dare_.

duru, f., _door_.

dyde, see dôn.

dynnan (§ 125), resound [din].

dy:re (dîere, dêore, dîore), _dear, costly_.

#E.#

êa, f., _river_; gen. sing., êas; dat. and acc. sing., êa.

êac, _also, likewise_ [a nickname = an eek-name. See § 65, Note 2];

êac swilce (swelce) 112, 3 = _also_.

êaca, m., _addition_ [êac];

tô êacan = _in addition to_ (§ 94, (4)).

êage, n., _eye_.

eahta, _eight_.

êalâ, _oh!_ _alas!_

ealað, see ealu.

eald (§ 96, (2)), _old_.

ealdor (aldor), n., _life_;

gif ðû ðæt [e,]llenweorc aldre gedîgest 138, 17 [[_Beowulf_ 662]]

= _if thou survivest that feat with thy life_ (instr.).

ealdor-dæg (aldor-, ealder-), m., _day of life_.

ealdor-gedâl (aldor-), n., _death_ [life-deal].

ealdorm[o,]n, m., _alderman, chief, magistrate_.

ealgian, (§ 130), _protect, defend_.

eall (eal), _all_;

ealne weg, _all the way_ (§ 98, (1));

ealneg (< ealne weg), _always_;

ealles (§ 98, (3)), adv., _altogether, entirely_.

Eall (eal) is frequently used with partitive gen. = _all of_:

143, 19 [[_Beowulf_ 836]]; 145, 3 [[_Beowulf_ 2728]].

ealu (ealo) (§ 68), n., _ale_; gen. sing., ealað.

ealu-scerwen, f., _mortal panic_ [ale-spilling].

eard, m., _country, home_ [eorðe].

eardgeard, m. _earth_ [earth-yard].

eardian (§ 130), _dwell_ [eard].

eardstapa, m., _wanderer_ [earth-stepper].

êare, n., _ear_.

earfoð (earfeð), n. _hardship, toil_; gen. pl., earfeða.

earfoðlîc, adj., _full of hardship, arduous_.

earm, m., _arm_.

earm, adj., _poor, wretched_.

earmcearig, _wretched, miserable_.

earmlîc, _wretched, miserable_.

earnung, f., _merit_ [earning].

êast, _east_.

êastan (§ 93, (5)), _from the east_.

Êast-D[e,]ne (§ 47), _East-Danes_.

êasteweard, _eastward_.

êastrihte (êastryhte) (§ 93, (6)), _eastward_.

Êastron, pl., _Easter_.

êaðe, _easily_.

êaðmôdlîce, _humbly_.

eaxl, f., _shoulder_ [axle].

Ebrêisc, adj., _Hebrew_.

êce, _eternal, everlasting_.

[e,]cg, f., _sword_ [edge].

edor, m., _enclosure, dwelling_; nom. pl., ederas.

êdrum, see æ:dre.

efne, adv., _just, only_ [evenly].

eft, adv., _again, afterwards_ [aft].

[e,]gesa, m., _fear, terror_ [awe].

[e,]llen, n., _strength, courage_;

mid [e,]lne = _boldly_;

on [e,]lne 147, 17 [[_Beowulf_ 2817]] = _mightily, suddenly_, or _in

their (earls') strength (prime)_.

[e,]llen-mæ:rðu, f. _fame for strength, feat of strength_.

[e,]llen-weorc, n., _feat of strength_.

[e,]llenwôdnis, f., _zeal, fervor_.

[e,]llor-gâst, m., _inhuman monster_ [alien ghost].

[e,]ln, f., _ell_ [el-bow].

[e,]lne, _see_ [e,]llen.

[e,]lra, adj. comparative, _another_ [*[e,]le cognate with Lat.

alius];

on [e,]lran m[e,]n 139, 14 [[_Beowulf_ 753]] = _in another man_.

emnlong (-lang), _equally long_;

on emnlange = _along_ (§ 94, (4)).

[e,]nde, m., _end_.

[e,]ndebyrdnes, f., _order_.

[e,]nde-dæg, m., _end-day, day of death_.

[e,]nde-lâf, f., _last remnant_ [end-leaving].

[e,]ngel, m., _angel_ [Lat. angelus].

[E,]nglafeld (§ 51), m., _Englefield_ (in Berkshire).

[E,]ngle (§ 47), m. pl., _Angles_.

[E,]nglisc, adj., _English_;

on [E,]nglisc 117, 18 and 19 = _in English, into English_.

[E,]ngliscgereord, n., _English language_.

[e,]nt, m., _giant_.

êode, see gân.

eodorcan (§ 130), _ruminate_.

eorl, m., _earl, warrior, chieftain_.

eorlîc, _earl-like, noble_.

eorð-draca, m., dragon [earth-drake].

eorðe, f., _earth_.

eorð-r[e,]ced, n., _earth-hall_.

eorðscræf, n., _earth-cave, grave_.

eoten, m., _giant, monster_.

êow, see ðû.

Êowland, n., _Öland_ (an island in the Baltic Sea).

[e,]rian (§ 125), _plow_ [to ear].

Estland, n., _land of the Estas_ (on the eastern coast of the Baltic

Sea).

Estm[e,]re, m., _Frische Haff_.

Estum, dat. pl., _the Estas_.

etan (§ 115), _eat_ [ort].

[e,]ttan (§ 127), _graze_ [etan].

êðel, m., _territory, native land_ [allodial].

êðel-weard, m., _guardian of his country_.

#F.#

fæc, n., _interval, space_.

fæder (§ 68, (2)), m., _father_.

fægen, _fain, glad, exultant_.

fæger (fæ:ger), _fair, beautiful_.

fæ:lsian (§ 130), _cleanse_.

fæ:rlîce, _suddenly_ [fæ:r = _fear_].

fæst, _fast, held fast_.

fæste, adv., _fast, firmly_.

fæstnung, f., _security, safety_.

fæt, n., _vessel_ [wine-fat, vat].

fæ:tels, m., _vessel_; acc. pl., fæ:tels.

fæðm, m., _embrace, bosom_ [fathom = the space _embraced_ by the

extended arms].

fâg (fâh), _hostile_;

hê wæs fâg wið God 142, 18 [[_Beowulf_ 812]] = _he was hostile to

God_.

fâh (fâg), _variegated, ornamented_.

Falster, _Falster_ (island in the Baltic Sea).

fandian (§ 130), _try, investigate_ [findan].

faran (§ 116), _go_ [fare].

feallan (§ 117), _fall, flow_.

fealu, _fallow, pale, dark_; nom. pl. m., fealwe.

fêawe (fêa, fêawa), pl., _few_.

fela (indeclinable), _much, many_ (with gen.).

feld (§ 51), m., _field_.

fell (fel), n., _fell, skin, hide_.

fêng, see fôn.

f[e,]n-hlið, n., _fen-slope_.

f[e,]n-hop, n., _fen-retreat_.

feoh, n., _cattle, property_ [fee]; gen. and dat. sing., fêos, fêo.

feohgîfre, _greedy of property, avaricious_.

feohtan (§ 110), _fight_.

fêol, see feallan.

fêond (§ 68, (3)), m., _enemy, fiend_.

fêond-grâp, f., _fiend-grip_.

feor (§ 96, (4)), adj., _far, far from_ (with dat.).

feor, adv., _far, far back_ (time).

feorh, m., n., _life_.

feorh-b[e,]nn, f., _life-wound, mortal wound_.

feorh-l[e,]gu, f., _laying down of life_. (See p. 146, Note on l. 13.

[[_Beowulf_ 2800]])

feorh-sêoc, _life-sick, mortally wounded_.

feorm (fiorm), f., _use, benefit_ (_food, provisions_) [farm].

feormian (§ 130), _eat, devour_.

feorran, _from afar_.

fêowertig, _forty_; gen., fêowertiges (§ 91, Note 1).

ferhð (ferð), m., _heart, mind, spirit_.

f[e,]rian (§ 125), _carry, transport_ [to ferry];

f[e,]rede in forðwege 152, 5 [[_Wanderer_ 81]] = _carried away_.

fers, n., _verse_ [Lat. versus].

fersc, _fresh_.

ferðloca (ferhð-), m., _heart, mind, spirit_ [heart-locker].

fêt, see fôt.

fetor, f., _fetter_ [fôt]; instr. pl., feterum.

feðer, f., _feather_; acc. pl., feðra.

fierd, f., _English army_ [faran].

fîf, _five_.

fîftîene, _fifteen_.

fîftig, _fifty_; gen. sing., fîftiges (§ 91, Note 1); dat. pl.,

fîftegum (§ 91, Note 3).

findan (§ 110), _find_.

finger, m., _finger_.

Finnas, m. pl., _Fins_.

fiorm, see feorm.

fîras, m. pl., _men_ [feorh]; gen. pl., fîra; dat. pl., fîrum.

firrest (fierrest), see feor (§ 96, (4)).

first, m., _time, period_.

fiscað (fiscnað), m., _fishing_.

fiscere, m., _fisherman_.

fiscnað, see fiscað.

flêon (§ 118, II.), _flee_.

flêotan (§ 109), _float_.

fl[e,]t, n., _floor of the hall_.

flôd, m., _flood, wave_.

folc, n., _folk, people_.

folc-cwên, f., _folk-queen_.

folc-cyning, m., _folk-king_.

folcgefeoht, n., _folk-fight, battle, general engagement_.

fold-bold, n., _earth-building, hall_.

folde, f., _earth, land, country_ [feld].

folm, f., _hand_ [fêlan = _feel_].

fôn (§ 118), _seize, capture, take_ [fang];

tô rîce fôn = _come to (ascend) the throne_.

for (§ 94, (1)), _for, on account of_;

for ðæ:m (ðe), for ðon (ðe), _because_;

for ðon, for ðy:, for ðæ:m (for-ðâm), _therefore_.

fôr, see faran.

forbærnan (§ 127), _burn thoroughly_ [for is intensive, like Lat.

per].

forgiefan (-gifan) (§ 115), _give, grant_.

forh[e,]rgian (§ 130), _harry, lay waste_.

forhogdnis, f., _contempt_.

forht, _fearful, afraid_.

forhwæga, _about, at least_.

forlæ:tan (§ 117), _abandon, leave_.

forlêt, forlêton, see forlæ:tan.

forma, _first_;

forman sîðe, _the first time_ (instr.).

forniman (§ 114), _take off, destroy_.

forsp[e,]ndan (§ 127), _spend, squander_.

forst[o,]ndan (-standan) (§ 116), _understand_.

forswâpan (§ 117), _sweep away_; pret. 3d sing. indic., forswêop.

forsw[e,]rian (§ 116), _forswear_ (with dat.); past part., forsworen.

forð, _forth, forward_.

forðolian (§ 130), _miss, go without_ (with dat.) [not to _thole_

or experience].

forðweg, m., _way forth_;

in forðwege, _away_.

fôt (§ 68, (1)), m. _foot_.

Fræ:na, m., _Frene_.

frætwe, f. pl., _fretted armor, jewels_ [fret].

fram, see fr[o,]m.

frêa, m., _lord, Lord_.

frêa-drihten, m., _lord, master_.

frêfran (§ 130), _console, cheer_ [frôfor].

fr[e,]mde, _strange, foreign_;

ðâ fr[e,]mdan, _the strangers_.

fr[e,]mman (§ 125), _accomplish, perform, support_ [to frame].

fr[e,]msumnes (-nis), f., _kindness, benefit_.

frêo (frîo), _free_; gen. pl., frêora (frîora).

frêodôm, m., _freedom_.

frêolîc, _noble_ [free-like].

frêomæ:g, m., _free kinsman_.

frêond (§ 68, (3)), m., _friend_.

frêondlêas, _friendless_.

frêondlîce, _in a friendly manner_.

frêorig, _cold, chill_ [frêoran].

frîora, see frêo.

frið, m., n., _peace, security_ [bel-_fry_].

frôd, _old, sage, prudent_.

frôfor, f., _comfort, consolation, alleviation_;

fyrena frôfre 137, 7 [[_Beowulf_ 629]] = _as an alleviation of

outrages_ (dat.).

fr[o,]m (fram) (§ 94, (1)), _from, by_.

fr[o,]m, adv., _away, forth_.

fruma, m., _origin, beginning_ [fr[o,]m].

frumsceaft, f., _creation_.

fugela, see fugol.

fugelere, m., _fowler_.

fugol (fugel), m., _fowl, bird_; gen. pl., fugela.

ful, n., _cup, beaker_.

fûl, _foul_.

fûlian (§ 130), _grow foul, decompose_.

full (ful), adj., _full_ (with gen.);

be fullan, _fully, perfectly_.

full (ful) adv., _fully, very_.

fultum, m., _help_.

furðor (furður), adv., _further_.

furðum, adv., _even_.

fylð, see feallan.

fyren (firen), f., _crime, violence, outrage_.

fyrhtu, f., _fright, terror_; dat. sing., fyrhtu.

fyrst, adj., superlative, _first, chief_.

fy:san (§ 126), _make ready, prepare_ [fûs = _ready_];

gûðe gefy:sed 137, 9 [[_Beowulf_ 631]] = _ready for battle_.

#G.#

gâd, n., _lack_.

gæ:st, see gâst.

gafol, n., _tax, tribute_.

galan (§ 116), _sing_ [nightingale].

gâlnes, f., _lust, impurity_.

gân (§ 134), _go_.

gâr, m., _spear_ [gore, gar-fish].

gâr-wiga, m., _spear-warrior_.

gâst (gæ:st), m., _spirit, ghost_.

gâstlîc (gæ:stlîc), _ghastly, terrible_.

ge, _and_; see æ:gðer.

gê, _ye_; see ðû.

geador, _together_.

geæ:metigian (§ 130), _disengage from_ (with acc. of person and gen.

of thing) [empty].

geærnan (§ 127), _gain by running_ [iernan].

gêap, _spacious_.

gêar, n., _year_; gen. pl., gêara, is used adverbially = _of yore,

formerly_.

gêardæg, m., _day of yore_.

geare (gearo, gearwe), _readily, well, clearly_ [yarely].

Gêat, m., _a Geat, the Geat_ (i.e. Beowulf).

Gêatas, m. pl., _the Geats_ (a people of South Sweden).

Gêat-mecgas, m. pl., _Geat men_ (= the fourteen who accompanied

Beowulf to Heorot).

gebêorscipe, m., _banquet, entertainment_.

gebêtan (§ 126), _make amends for_ [bôt].

gebîdan (§ 102), _wait, bide one's time_ (intrans.); _endure,

experience_ (trans., with acc.).

gebind, n., _commingling_.

gebindan (§ 110), _bind_.

gebrêowan (§ 109), _brew_.

gebrowen, see gebrêowan.

gebûd, gebûn, see bûan (§ 126, Note 2).

gebyrd, n., _rank, social distinction_.

gecêosan (§ 109), _choose, decide_.

gecnâwan (§ 117), _know, understand_.

gecoren, see gecêosan.

gecringan (§ 110), _fall, die_ [cringe].

gedæ:lan (§ 126), _deal out, give_;

dêaðe gedæ:lde 152, 7 [[_Wanderer_ 83]] = _apportioned to death_

(dat.), or, _tore (?) in death_ (instr.).

gedafenian (§ 130), _become, befit, suit_ (impersonal, usually with

dat., but with acc. 112, 10).

gedîgan (§ 126), _endure, survive_.

gedôn (§ 135), _do, cause, effect_.

gedræg, n., _company_.

gedrêosan (§ 109), _fall, fail_.

gedriht (gedryht), n., _band, troop_.

gedrogen, see drêogan.

gedrync, n., _drinking_.

ge[e,]ndian (§ 130), _end, finish_.

gefaran (§ 116), _go, die_.

gefêa, m., joy.

gefeaht, see gefeohtan.

gefeh, see gefêon.

gefêng, see gefôn.

gefeoht, n., _fight, battle_.

gefeohtan (§ 110), _fight_.

gefêon (§ 118, v.), _rejoice at_ (with dat.); pret. 3d sing., gefeah,

gefeh.

gefêra, m., _companion, comrade_ [co-farer].

geflîeman (§ 126), _put to flight_ [flêon].

gefohten, see gefeohtan.

gefôn (§ 118, vii.), _seize_.

gefôr, see gefaran.

gefræ:ge, n., _hearsay, report_;

mîne gefræ:ge (instr.) 141, 7 [[_Beowulf_ 777]] = _as I have heard

say, according to my information_.

gefr[e,]mman (§ 125), _perform, accomplish, effect_.

gefultumian (§ 130), _help_ [fultum].

gefylce, n., _troop, division_ [folc]; dat. pl., gefylcum, gefylcium.

gefyllan (§ 127), _fill_ (with gen.); past part. pl., f., gefylda.

gegl[e,]ngan (§ 127), _adorn_.

gehâtland, n., _promised land_ [gehâtan = _to promise_].

gehealdan (§ 117), _hold, maintain_.

gehîeran (gehy:ran) (§ 126), _hear_.

gehîersumnes, f., _obedience_.

gehola, m., _protector_ [helan].

gehwâ (§ 77, Note), _each_;

on healfa gehwone 142, 7 [[_Beowulf_ 801]] (see Note 140, 15

[[_Beowulf_ 769]]. Observe that the pron. may, as here, be masc.

and the gen. fem.).

gehwæðer (§ 77, Note), _each, either, both_.

gehwylc (gehwilc) (§ 77, Note), _each_ (with gen. pl. See Note

140, 15 [[_Beowulf_ 769]]).

gehwyrfan (§ 127), _convert, change_.

gehy:dan (§ 126), _hide, conceal, consign_.

gehygd, f., n., _thought, purpose_.

gehy:ran, see gehîeran.

gehy:rnes, f., _hearing_;

eal ðâ hê in gehy:rnesse geleornian meahte 115, 14 = _all things

that he could learn by hearing_.

gelæ:dan (§ 126), _lead_.

gelæ:red, part.-adj., _learned_; superlative, gelæ:redest.

gelafian (§ 130), _lave_.

gel[e,]nge, _along of, belonging to_ (with dat.).

geleornian (-liornian) (§ 130), _learn_.

gelîce, _likewise_; _in like manner to_ (with dat.).

gelîefan (gely:fan) (§ 126), _believe_;

ðæt hêo on æ:nigne eorl gely:fde 137, 6 [[_Beowulf_ 628]] = _that

she believed in any earl_.

gelimpan (§ 110), _happen, be fulfilled_.

gelimplîc, _proper, fitting_.

gely:fan, see gelîefan.

gely:fed, _weak, infirm_ [left (hand)].

gêmde, see gîeman.

gemet, n., _meter, measure, ability_.

gemêtan (§ 126), _meet_.

gem[o,]n, see gemunan.

gemunan (§ 136), _remember_; indic. pres. 1st and 3d sing., gem[o,]n;

pret. sing., gemunde.

gemynd, n., _memory, memorial_;

tô gemyndum 147, 5 [[_Beowulf_ 2805]] = _as a memorial_.

gemyndgian (-mynian) (§ 130), _remember_;

mid hine gemyndgade 115, 15 = _he treasured in his memory_;

gemyne mæ:rðo 138, 15 [[_Beowulf_ 660]] = _be mindful of glory_

(imperative 2d sing.).

gemyndig, _mindful of_ (with gen.).

genâp, see genîpan.

geneahhe, _enough, often_;

genehost, superlative, _very often_.

genip, n., _mist, darkness_.

genîpan (§ 102), _grow dark_.

genîwian (§ 130), _renew_.

genôh, _enough_.

genumen, see niman.

geoc, n., _yoke_.

gêocor, _dire, sad_.

geogoð, f., _youth, young people, young warriors_. (See duguð.)

geond (giond) (§ 94, (2)), _throughout_ [yond].

geondhweorfan (§ 110), _pass over, traverse, recall_;

ðonne mâga gemynd môd geondhweorfeð 150, 15 [[_Wanderer_ 51]] =

_then his mind recalls the memory of kinsmen_.

geondscêawian (§ 130), survey, review;

georne geondscêawað 150, 16 [[_Wanderer_ 52]] = _eagerly surveys

them_.

geondð[e,]nc(e)an (§ 128), _think over, consider_.

geong (§ 96, (2)), _young_;

giengest, (gingest), superlative, _youngest, latest, last_.

geong = g[o,]ng, see g[o,]ngan (imperative 2d sing.).

gêong (gîong), see g[o,]ngan (pret. 3d sing.).

georn (giorn), _eager, desirous, zealous, sure_ [yearn].

georne, _eagerly, certainly_;

wiste ðê geornor 143, 5 [[_Beowulf_ 822]] = _knew the more

certainly_.

geornfulnes, f., _eagerness, zeal_.

geornlîce, _eagerly, attentively_.

geornor, see georne.

ger[e,]cednes, f., _narration_ [r[e,]ccan].

gerisenlîc, _suitable, becoming_.

gery:man (§ 126), _extend_, (trans.) [rûm].

gesæ:liglîc, _happy, blessed_ [silly].

gesamnode, see ges[o,]mnian.

gesceaft, f., _creature, creation, destiny_ [scieppan].

gesceap, n., _shape, creation, destiny_ [scieppan].

gescieldan (§ 127), _shield, defend_.

gesealde, see ges[e,]llan.

geseglian (§ 130), _sail_.

geselda, m., _comrade_.

ges[e,]llan (§ 128), _give_.

gesêon (gesîon) (§ 118), _see_, observe; pres. indic. 3d sing.,

gesihð.

geset, n., _habitation, seat_.

ges[e,]ttan (§ 127), _set, place, establish_.

gesewen, see sêon, gesêon (past part.).

gesewenlîc, _seen, visible_ [seen-like].

gesiglan (§ 127), _sail_.

gesihð, see gesêon.

gesittan (§ 115, Note 2), _sit_ (trans., as _to sit a horse, to sit

a boat_, etc.); _sit, sit down_ (intrans.).

geslægen, see slêan (§ 118).

ges[o,]mnian (§ 130), _assemble, collect_.

ges[o,]mnung, f., _collection, assembly_.

gestâh, see gestîgan.

gestaðelian (§ 130), _establish, restore_ [standan].

gesteal, n., _establishment, foundation_ [stall].

gestîgan (§ 102), _ascend, go_ [stile, stirrup, sty (= a _rising_

on the eye)].

gestrangian (§ 130), _strengthen_.

gestrêon, n., _property_.

gestry:nan (§ 126), _obtain, acquire_ [gestrêon].

gesweorcan (§ 110), _grow dark, become sad_;

For ðon ic geð[e,]ncan ne mæg geond ðâs woruld for hwan môdsefa mîn

ne gesweorce 151, 3-4 [[lines 58-59]] = _Therefore in this world

I may not understand wherefore my mind does not grow "black as

night."_ (Brooke.)

geswîcan (§ 102), _cease, cease from_ (with gen.).

getæl, n., _something told, narrative_.

getruma, m., _troop, division_.

geðanc, m., n., _thought_.

geðeah, see geðicgan.

geð[e,]nc(e)an (§ 128), _think, remember, understand, consider_.

geðêodan (§ 126), _join_.

geðêode (-ðîode), n., _language, tribe_.

geðêodnis, f., _association_;

but in 112, 2 this word is used to render the Lat. _appetitus_ =

_desire_.

geðicg(e)an (§ 115, Note 2), _take, receive_; pret. indic. 3d sing.,

geðeah.

geðungen, part.-adj., _distinguished, excellent_ [ðêon, _to thrive_].

geðyldig, _patient_ [ðolian].

geweald (gewald), n., _control, possession, power_ [wield].

geweorc, n., _work, labor_.

geweorðian (§ 130), _honor_ [to attribute _worth_ to].

gewîcian (§ 130), _dwell_.

gewin(n), n., _strife, struggle_.

gewindan (§ 110), _flee_ [wend].

gewissian (§ 130), _guide, direct_.

gewîtan (§ 102), _go, depart_.

geworht, see gewyrcan.

gewrit, n., _writing, Scripture_.

gewunian (§ 130), _be accustomed, be wont_.

gewyrc(e)an (§ 128), _work, create, make, produce_.

gid(d), n., _word, speech_.

giefan (§ 115), _give_.

giefstôl, m., _gift-stool, throne_.

giefu (gifu), f., _gift_.

gielp (gilp), m., n., _boast_ [yelp].

gîeman (gêman) (§ 126), _endeavor, strive_.

gîet (gît, gy:t), _yet, still_.

gif (gyf), _if_ [not related to _give_].

gifeðe (gyfeðe), _given, granted_.

gilp, see gielp.

gilp-cwide, m., _boasting speech_ [_yelp_-speech].

gingest, see geong (adj.).

giohðo (gehðu), f., _care, sorrow, grief_.

giû (iû), _formerly, of old_.

glæd (glæ:d), _glad_.

glêaw, _wise, prudent_.

glîwstæf, m., _glee, joy_; instr. pl. (used adverbially),

glîwstafum 150, 16 [[_Wanderer_ 52]] = _joyfully_.

God, m., _God_.

gôd (§ 96, (3)), _good_;

mid his gôdum 115, 12 = _with his possessions (goods)_.

godcund, _divine_ [God].

godcundlîce, _divinely_.

gold, n., _gold_.

gold-æ:ht, f., _gold treasure_.

gold-fâh, _gold-adorned_.

gold-hroden, part.-adj., _gold-adorned_.

goldwine, m., _prince, giver of gold, lord_ [gold-friend].

gomel (gomol), _old, old man_.

g[o,]ngan (gangan) (§ 117), _go_ [gang]; imperative 2d sing., geong;

pret. sing., gêong, gîong, gêng; past part., geg[o,]ngen,

gegangen.

The most commonly used pret. is êode, which belongs to gân (§ 134).

Gotland, n., _Jutland_ (in _Ohthere's Second Voyage_), _Gothland_

(in _Wulfstan's Voyage_).

gram, _grim, angry, fierce, the angry one_.

grâp, f., _grasp, clutch, claw_.

grêtan (§ 126), _greet, attack, touch_.

grôwan (§ 117, (2)), _grow_.

gryre-lêoð, n., _terrible song_ [grisly lay].

guma, m., _man, hero_ [groom; see § 65, Note 1].

gûð, f., _war, battle_.

gûð-bill, n., _sword_ [war-bill].

gûð-gewæ:de, n., _armor_ [war-weeds].

gûð-hrêð, f., _war-fame_.

gûð-wine, m., _sword_ [war-friend].

gyddian (§ 130), _speak formally_, chant [giddy; the original meaning

of _giddy_ was _mirthful_, as when one sings].

gyf, see gif.

gyfeðe, see gifeðe.

gyldan (gieldan) (§ 110), _pay_; indic. 3d sing., gylt.

gylden, _golden_ [gold].

#H.#

habban (§ 133), _have_.

hâd, m., _order, rank, office, degree_ [-hood, -head].

hæfta, m., _captive_.

hægel (hagol), m., _hail_; instr. sing., hagle.

hæglfaru, f., _hail-storm_ [hail-faring].

hæle, see hæleð.

hæ:l, f., _hail, health, good luck_.

hæleð (hæle), m., _hero, warrior_.

hæ:t, see hâtan.

hæ:ðen, _heathen_.

Hæ:ðum (æt Hæ:ðum), _Haddeby_ (= _Schleswig_).

hâl, _hale, whole_.

hâlettan (§ 127), _greet, salute_ [to hail].

Halfd[e,]ne, _Halfdane_ (proper name).

hâlga, m., _saint_.

Hâlgoland, _Halgoland_ (in ancient Norway).

hâlig, _holy_.

hâlignes, f., _holiness_.

hâm, m., _home_; dat. sing., hâme, hâm (p. 104, Note);

used adverbially in hâm êode 112, 18 = _went home_.

hand, see h[o,]nd.

hâr, _hoary, gray_.

hât, _hot_.

hâtan (§ 117, Note 2), _call, name, command_; pret. sing., heht, hêt.

hâtheort, _hot-hearted_.

hâtte, see hâtan.

hê, hêo, hit (§ 53), _he, she, it_.

hêafod, n., _head_.

hêah (§ 96, (2)), _high_; acc. sing, m., hêanne.

hêah-s[e,]le, m., _high hall_.

hêahðungen, _highly prosperous, aristocratic_ [hêah + past part. of

ðêon (§ 118)].

healdan (§ 117), _hold, govern, possess_;

144, 9 [[_Beowulf_ 2720]] = _hold up, sustain_.

healf, adj., _half_.

healf, f., _half, side, shore_.

heall, f., _hall_.

heals, m., _neck_.

hêan, _abject, miserable_.

hêanne, see hêah.

heard, _hard_.

heard-hicgende, _brave-minded_ [hard-thinking].

hearm-scaða, m., _harmful foe_ [harm-scather].

hearpe, f., _harp_.

heaðo-dêor, _battle-brave_.

heaðo-mæ:re, _famous in battle_.

heaðo-wylm, m., _flame-surge, surging of fire_ [battle-welling].

hêawan (§ 117), _hew, cut_.

h[e,]bban, hôf, hôfon, gehafen (§ 117), _heave, lift, raise_.

h[e,]fig, _heavy, oppressive_.

heht, see hâtan.

helan (§ 114), _conceal_.

h[e,]ll, f., _hell_.

helm, m., _helmet_.

Helmingas, m. pl., _Helmings_ (Wealtheow, Hrothgar's queen, is a

Helming).

help, f., _help_.

helpan (§ 110), _help_ (with dat.).

heofon, m., _heaven_.

heofonlîc, _heavenly_.

heofonrîce, n., _kingdom of heaven_.

hêold, see healdan.

heolstor (-ster), n., _darkness, concealment, cover_ [holster].

heora (hiera), see hê.

heord, f., care, guardianship [hoard].

heoro-drêorig, _bloody_ [sword-dreary].

Heorot, _Heorot, Hart_ (the famous hall which Hrothgar built).

heorte, f., _heart_.

hêr, _here, hither_;

in the _Chronicle_ the meaning frequently is _at this date, in this

year_: 99, 1.

h[e,]re, m., _Danish army_.

h[e,]renis, f., _praise_.

h[e,]rgian (§ 130), _raid, harry, ravage_ [h[e,]re].

h[e,]rgung, f., _harrying, plundering_.

h[e,]rian (h[e,]rigean) (§ 125), _praise_.

hêrsumedon, see hîersumian.

hêt, see hâtan.

hider (hieder), _hither_.

hiera, see hê.

hîeran (hy:ran) (§ 126), _hear, belong_.

hierde, m., _shepherd, instigator_ [keeper of a _herd_].

hierdebôc, f., _pastoral treatise_ [shepherd-book, a translation of

Lat. _Cura Pastoralis_].

hîerra, see hêah.

hîersumian (hy:r-, hêr-) (§ 130), _obey_ (with dat.).

hige (hyge), m., _mind, heart_.

hige-ðihtig, _bold-hearted_.

hild, f., _battle_.

hilde-dêor, _battle-brave_.

hilde-mecg, m., _warrior_.

hilde-sæd, _battle-sated_.

hin-fûs, _eager to be gone_ [hence-ready].

hira, see hê.

hlæ:w (hlâw), m., _mound, burial mound_ [Lud_low_ and other

place-names, _low_ meaning _hill_].

hlâford, m., _lord, master_ [loaf-ward?].

hleahtor, m., _laughter_.

hlêo, m., _refuge, protector_ [lee].

hlîfian (§ 130), _rise, tower_.

hlyn, m., _din, noise_.

hlynsian (§ 130), _resound_.

hof, n., _court, abode_.

hogode, see hycgan.

holm, m., _sea, ocean_.

h[o,]nd (hand), f., _hand_;

on gehwæðre h[o,]nd, _on both sides_.

hord, m., n., _hoard, treasure_.

hordcofa, m., _breast, heart_ [hoard-chamber]

hors, n., _horse_.

horshwæl, m., _walrus_.

hrædwyrde, _hasty of speech_ [hræd = _quick_].

hrægel, n., _garment_; dat. sing., hrægle.

hrân, m., _reindeer_.

hraðe, _quickly, soon_ [_rath_-er].

hrêo (hrêoh), _rough, cruel, sad_.

hrêosan (§ 109), _fall_.

hrêran (§ 126), _stir_.

hreðer, m., n., _breast, purpose_; dat. sing., hreðre.

hrîm, m., _rime, hoarfrost_.

hrîmceald, _rime-cold_.

hring, m., _ring, ring-mail_.

hrîð, f. (?), _snow-storm_.

hrôf, m., _roof_.

Hrones næss, literally _Whale's Ness, whale's promontory_;

see næss.

hrûse, f., _earth_ [hrêosan: deposit].

hryre, m., _fall, death_ [hrêosan].

hry:ðer, n., _cattle_ [rinder-pest].

hryðig, _ruined_ (?), _storm-beaten_; nom. pl. m., hryðge.

hû, _how_.

Humbre, f., _river Humber_.

hund, _hundred_.

hunig, n., _honey_.

hunta, m., _hunter_.

huntoð (-tað), m., _hunting_.

hûru, adv., _about_.

hûs, n., _house_.

hwâ, hwæt (§ 74), _who?_ _what?_ swâ hwæt swâ (§ 77, Note),

_whatsoever_;

indefinite, _any one, anything_;

for hwan (instr.), _wherefore_.

hwæl, m., _whale_.

hwælhunta, m., _whale-hunter_.

hwælhuntað, m., _whale-fishing_.

hwæ:r, _where?_ hwæ:r ... swâ, _wheresoever_;

wel hwæ:r, _nearly everywhere_.

hwæthwugu, _something_.

hwæðer, _whether, which of two?_

hwæðre, _however, nevertheless_.

hwêne, see hwôn.

hweorfan (§ 110), _turn, go_.

hwider, _whither_.

hwîl, f., _while, time_;

ealle ðâ hwîle ðe, _all the while that_;

hwîlum (instr. pl.), _sometimes_.

hwilc (hwylc, hwelc) (§ 74, Note 1), _which?_ _what?_

hwôn, n., _a trifle_;

hwêne (instr. sing.), _somewhat, a little_.

hw[o,]nan, _when_.

hy:, see hîe.

hycgan (§ 132), _think, resolve_; pret. 3d sing., hogode.

hy:d, f., _hide, skin_.

hyge, see hige.

hyra (hiera), see hê.

hy:ran, see hîeran.

hyrde, see hierde.

hys (his), see hê.

hyt (hit), see hê.

#I.#

ic (§ 72), _I_.

îdel, _idle, useless, desolate_.

ides, f., _woman, lady_.

ieldra, adj., see eald.

ieldra, m., _an elder, parent, ancestor_.

iernan (yrnan) (§ 112), _run_.

îgl[o,]nd (îgland), n., _island_.

ilca (ylca), _the same_ [of that ilk].

Ilfing, _the Elbing_.

in, _in, into_ (with dat. and acc.);

in on, _in on, to, toward_.

inbryrdnis (-nes), f., _inspiration, ardor_.

indryhten, _very noble_.

ing[o,]ng, m., _entrance_.

innan, adv., _within, inside_;

on innan, _within_.

innanbordes, adv.-gen., _within borders, at home_.

inne, adv., _within, inside_.

intinga, m., _cause, sake_.

inweardlîce, _inwardly, fervently_.

inwid-sorg (inwit-sorh), f., _sorrow caused by an enemy_.

inwit-ðanc, m., _hostile intent_.

Îraland, n., _Ireland_ (but in _Ohthere's Second Voyage, Iceland_ is

probably meant).

îren, n., _iron, sword_; gen. pl., îrenna, îrena.

îren-b[e,]nd, m., f., _iron-band_.

îu, see gîu.

#K.#

kynerîce, see cynerîce.

kyning, see cyning.

kyrtel, m., _kirtle, coat_.

#L.#

Læ:den, _Latin_.

Læ:dengeðêode (-ðîode), n., _Latin language_.

Læ:denware (§ 47), m. pl., _Latin people, Romans_.

læ:fan (§ 126), _leave_.

læ:ge, see licgan.

Læ:land, n., _Laaland_ (in Denmark).

læ:n, n., _loan_;

tô læ:ne 121, 2 = _as a loan_.

læ:ne, adj., _as a loan, transitory, perishable_.

læ:ran (§ 126), _teach, advise, exhort_ [lâr].

læ:ssa, læ:sta, see ly:tel.

læ:stan (§ 127), _last, hold out_ (intrans.); _perform, achieve_

(trans.).

læ:tan (§ 117), _let, leave_.

lâf, f., _something left, remnant, heirloom_ (often a _sword_);

tô lâfe, _as a remnant, remaining_.

lagulâd, f., _sea_ [lake-way, lâd = _leading, direction, way_].

land, see l[o,]nd.

lang, see l[o,]ng.

Langaland, n., _Langeland_ (in Denmark).

lâr, f., _lore, teaching_.

lârcwide, m., _precept, instruction_, [cwide < cweðan].

lârêow, m., _teacher_ [lâr + ðêow].

lâst, m., _track, footprint_ [shoemaker's last];

on lâst(e), _in the track of, behind_ (with dat.).

lâð, _loathsome, hateful_.

lêas, _loose, free from, bereft of_ (with gen.).

lêasung, f., _leasing, deception, falsehood_.

l[e,]cgan (§ 125, Note), _lay_.

lêfdon, see lîefan.

leger, n., _lying in, illness_ [licgan].

l[e,]ng, see l[o,]nge.

l[e,]ngra, see l[o,]ng.

lêod, m., _prince, chief_.

lêod, f., _people, nation_ (the plural has the same meaning).

lêod-scipe, m., _nation_ [people-ship].

lêof, _dear_ [lief].

leoht, adj., _light_.

lêoht, n., _light, brightness_.

leornere, m., _learner, disciple_.

leornian (§ 130), _learn_.

leornung (liornung), f., _learning_.

lêoð, n., _song_ [lay?].

lêoðcræft, m., _poetic skill_ [lay-craft].

lêoðs[o,]ng, n., _song, poem_.

lêt, see læ:tan.

libban (§ 133), _live_; pres. part., lifigende, _living, alive_.

lîc, n., _body, corpse_ [lich-gate, Lichfield].

licgan (§ 115, Note 2), _lie, extend, flow, lie dead_; 3d sing.

indic. pres., ligeð, lîð.

lîchama (-h[o,]ma), m., _body_ [body-covering].

lîcian (§ 130), _please_ (with dat.) [like].

lîc-sâr, n., _body-sore, wound in the body_.

lîefan (lêfan) (§ 126), _permit, allow_ (with dat.) [grant _leave_

to].

lîf, n., _life_.

lîf-dagas, m. pl., _life-days_.

lifigende, see libban.

lîg, m., _flame, fire_.

ligeð, see licgan.

lim, n., _limb_.

list, f., _cunning_;

dat. pl., listum, is used adverbially = _cunningly_.

lîð, see licgan.

lof, m., _praise, glory_.

l[o,]nd (land), n., _land, country_.

l[o,]ng (lang) (§ 96, (2)), _long_.

l[o,]nge (lange) (§ 97, (2)), _long_;

l[o,]nge on dæg, _late in the day_.

lufan, see lufu.

lufian (lufigean) (§ 131), _love_.

luflîce, _lovingly_.

lufu, f., _love_; dat. sing. (weak), lufan.

lungre, _quickly_.

lust, m., _joy_ [lust];

on lust, _joyfully_.

ly:t, indeclinable, _little, few_ (with partitive gen.).

ly:tel (lîtel) (§ 96, (2)), _little, small_.

#M.#

mâ, see micle (§ 97, (2)).

mæg, see magan.

mæ:g, m., _kinsman_; nom. pl., mâgas (§ 27, (2)).

mægen n., _strength, power_ [might and _main_].

mægen-[e,]llen, n., _main strength, mighty courage_.

mæ:gð, f., _tribe_.

mægðhâd, m., _maidenhood, virginity_.

mæ:l-gesceaft, f., _appointed time_ [mæ:l = _meal, time_].

mæ:ran (§ 126), _make famous, honor_.

mæ:re, _famous, glorious, notorious_.

mæ:rðo (mæ:rðo, mæ:rð), f., _glory, fame_.

mæsseprêost, m., _mass-priest_.

mæ:st, see micel.

magan (§ 137), _be able, may_.

mâgas, see mæ:g.

magu (mago), m., _son, man_.

maguðegn, m., _vassal, retainer_.

man(n), see m[o,]n(n).

mancus, m., _mancus, half-crown_; gen. pl., mancessa.

mândæ:d, f., _evil deed_.

manig, see m[o,]nig.

manigfeald, see m[o,]nigfeald.

mâra, see micel.

maðelian (§ 130), _harangue, speak_.

mâðum (mâððum), m., _gift, treasure, jewel_; gen. pl., mâðma.

mâððumgyfa, m., _treasure-giver, lord_.

mâððum-wela, m., _wealth of treasure_.

mê, see ic.

meaht, f., _might, power_.

meahte, see magan.

mearc, f., _boundary, limit_ [mark, march].

mearg (mearh), m., _horse_; nom. pl., mêaras.

mearð, m., _marten_.

mec, see ic.

medmicel, _moderately large, short, brief_.

medu (medo), m., _mead_.

medu-b[e,]nc, f., _mead-bench_.

medu-ful, n., _mead-cup_.

medu-heall, f., _mead-hall_.

m[e,]n, see m[o,]n(n).

m[e,]ngan (§ 127), _mingle, mix_.

m[e,]nigu (m[e,]nigeo), f., _multitude_ [many].

m[e,]nniscnes, f., _humanity, incarnation_ [man].

meolc, f., _milk_.

Mêore, _Möre_ (in Sweden).

m[e,]re, m., _lake, mere, sea_ [mermaid].

Meretûn, m., _Merton_ (in Surrey).

mêtan (§ 126), _meet, find_.

Metod (Meotod, Metud), m., _Creator, God_.

metod-sceaft, f., _appointed doom, eternity_.

micel (§ 96, (3)), _great, mighty, strong, large_ [mickle];

mâra, _more, stronger, larger_.

micle (micele), _greatly, much_.

miclum, (§ 93, (4)), _greatly_.

mid, _with, amid, among_ (with dat. and acc.).

middangeard, m., _earth, world_ [middle-yard].

middeweard, _midward, toward the middle_.

Mierce, m. pl., _Mercians_.

mihte, see _magan_.

mîl, f., _mile_ [Lat. mille].

mildheortnes, f., _mild-heartedness, mercy_.

milts, f., _mildness, mercy_.

mîn (§ 76), _my, mine_.

mislîc, _various_.

missenlîc, _various_.

môd, n., _mood, mind, courage_.

môdcearig, _sorrowful of mind_.

môdega, môdga, see môdig.

môdgeðanc, m., _purpose of mind_.

môdig, _moody, brave, proud_.

môdor, f., _mother_.

môdsefa, m., _mind, heart_.

m[o,]n(n) (man, mann) (§ 68; § 70, Note), m., _man, one, person,

they_.

môna, m., _moon_.

mônað (§ 68, (1), Note), m., _month_ [môna]; dat. sing., mônðe.

m[o,]n(n)cynn, n., _mankind_.

m[o,]ndryhten, m., _liege lord_.

m[o,]nian (manian) (§ 130), _admonish_.

m[o,]nig (manig, m[o,]neg, mænig), _many_.

m[o,]nigfeald (manig-), _manifold, various_.

mônðe, see mônað.

môr, m., _moor_.

morgen, m., _morning_; dat. sing., morgen(n)e.

morðor-bealu (-bealo), n., _murder_ [murder-bale];

see ðurfan.

môste, see môtan.

môtan (§ 137), _may, be permitted, must_.

mund-gripe, m., _hand-grip_.

munuc, m., _monk_ [Lat. monachus].

munuchâd, m., _monkhood, monastic rank_.

mûð, m., _mouth_.

myntan (§ 127), _be minded, intend_; pret. indic. 3d sing., mynte.

mynster, n., _monastery_ [Lat. monasterium]; dat. sing., mynstre.

my:re, f., _mare_ [mearh].

myrð, f., _joy, mirth_;

môdes myrðe 142, 17 [[_Beowulf_ 811]] = _with joy of heart_.

#N.#

nâ (nô), _not_ [ne â = _n-ever_];

nâ ne, _not, not at all_.

nabban (p. 32, Note), _not to have_.

næ:dre, f., _serpent, adder_.

næfde, see nabban.

næ:fre, _never_.

næ:nig (§ 77), _no one, no, none_.

næ:re, næ:ren, næ:ron, see § 40, Note 2.

næs = ne wæs, see § 40, Note 2.

næss, m., _ness, headland_.

nâht, see nôht.

nâlæs (nâles), _not at all_ [nâ ealles].

nam, see niman.

nama, see n[o,]ma.

nâmon, see niman.

nân, _not one, no, none_ [ne ân].

nânwuht, n., _nothing_ [no whit].

ne, _not_.

nê, _nor_;

nê ... nê, _neither ... nor_.

nêah (§ 96, (4)), _near_.

nêah, adv., _nigh, near, nearly, almost_; comparative, nêar, _nearer_.

neaht, see niht.

nêalêcan (-læ:can) (§ 126), _draw near to, approach_ (with dat.).

nêar, see nêah, adv.

nêat, n., _neat, cattle_.

n[e,]mnan (§ 127), _name_.

nemðe, (nymðe), _except, unless_.

n[e,]rian (§ 125), _save, preserve_.

nêten, see nîeten.

nîedbeðearf, _needful, necessary_.

nîehst, see nêah (§ 96, (4)).

nîeten (nêten), n., _neat, beast, cattle_.

nigontîene, _nineteen_.

niht (neaht) (§ 68, (1), Note), _night_.

nihthelm, m., _night-helm, shade of night_.

nihtscûa, m., _shadow of night_.

niht-weorc, n., _night-work_.

niman (§ 114), _take, gain_ [nimble, numb].

nîpan (§ 102), _grow dark, darken_.

nis, see § 40, Note 2.

nîð, m., _malice, violence_.

nîwe, _new, novel, startling_.

nô, see nâ.

nôht (nâht, nâ-wiht), n., _not a whit, naught, nothing_; _not, not

at all_.

nôhwæðer (nâhwæðer), _neither_;

nôhwæðer nê ... ne ... nê ... ne 118, 8 = _neither ... nor_.

nolde, noldon = ne wolde, ne woldon, see willan.

n[o,]ma (nama), m., _name_.

norð (§ 97, (1)), _north, in the north, northwards_.

norðan (§ 93, (5)), _from the north_;

be norðan, see § 94, (4).

Norð-D[e,]ne, m. pl., _North-Danes_.

norðeweard, _northward_.

Norðhymbre, m. pl., _Northumbrians_.

Norðmanna, see Norðm[o,]n.

Norðm[e,]n, see Norðm[o,]n.

norðmest, see norð.

Norðm[o,]n (-man) (§ 68, (1)), _Norwegian_.

norðor, see norð.

norðryhte, _northward_.

norðweard, _northward_.

Norðweg, _Norway_.

nose, f., _cape, naze_ [ness, nose].

notu, f., _office, employment_.

nû, _now_; _now that, seeing that_;

nû ðâ 138, 13 [[_Beowulf_ 658]] = _now then_.

ny:hst (nîehst), see nêah.

nymðe, see nemðe.

nysse, see nytan.

nyste, see nytan.

nyt(t), _useful, profitable_.

nytan (nitan < ne witan, § 136), _not to know_; 3d sing. pret.,

nysse, nyste.

#O.#

of (§ 94, (1)), _of, from, concerning_.

ofer (§ 94, (2)), _over, across, after, in spite of_ (see 144, 14

[[_Beowulf_ 2725]]);

ofer eorðan 142, 9 [[_Beowulf_ 803]] = _on earth_.

ofer, adv., _over, across_.

oferfêran (§ 126), _go over, traverse_.

oferfrêosan (§ 109), _freeze over_.

oferfroren, see oferfrêosan.

ofgiefan (§ 115), _give up, relinquish_.

ofost, f., _haste_.

ofslægen, see ofslêan.

ofslêan (§ 118), _slay off, slay_.

ofslôge, see ofslêan.

oft, _oft, often_; superlative, oftost.

on (§ 94, (3)), _in, into, on, against, to, among, during_;

on fîf oððe syx 109, 6 = _into five or six parts_;

on weg 140, 10 [[_Beowulf_ 764]] = _away_;

on innan 144, 5 [[_Beowulf_ 2716]] = _within_;

on unriht 145, 15 [[_Beowulf_ 2740]] = _falsely_.

onbærnan (§ 126), _kindle, inspire_.

oncy:ðð, f., _distress, suffering_.

[o,]nd (and), _and_.

[o,]ndsaca, m., _adversary_.

[o,]ndswarian (§ 130), _answer_.

[o,]ndweard, adj., _present_.

onfêng, see onfôn.

onfeohtan (§ 110), _fight_.

onfindan (§ 110), _find out, discover_; pret. indic. 3d sing.,

onfunde.

onfôn (§ 118), _receive, seize violently_.

onfunde, see onfindan.

ongêan, prep., _against, towards_ (with dat. and acc.).

ongêan, adv., _just across, opposite_.

[O,]ngelcynn (Angel-), n., _Angle kin, English people, England_.

[O,]ngelðêod (Angel-), f., _the English people or nation_.

ongemang (-m[o,]ng), _among_ (with dat.).

ongietan (-gitan) (§ 115), _perceive, see, understand_.

onginnan (§ 110), _begin, attempt_.

onlûtan (§ 109), _bow, incline_ (intrans.) [lout = a stooper].

onrîdan (§ 102), _ride against, make a raid on_.

ons[e,]ndan (§ 127), _send_.

onslæ:pan (onslêpan) (§ 126), _fall asleep, sleep_.

onsp[o,]nnan (§ 117), _loosen_ [unspan]; pret. 3d sing. indic.,

onspêon.

onspringan (§ 110), _spring apart, unspring_.

onstâl, m., _institution, supply_.

onst[e,]llan (§ 128), _establish_; pret. 3d sing. indic., onstealde.

onwæcnan (§ 127), _awake_ (intrans.).

onweald (-wald), m., _power, authority_ [wield].

onw[e,]ndan (§ 127), _change, overturn_ [to wind].

ôr, n., _beginning_.

oð (§ 94, (2)), _until, as far as_ (of time and place);

oð ðæt, oð ðe, _until_.

oðberan (§ 114), _bear away_.

ôðer, _other, second_;

ôðer ... ôðer, _the one ... the other_.

oðfæstan (§ 127), _set to_ (a task).

oðfeallan (§ 117) _fall off, decline_.

oððe, _or_;

oððe ... oððe, _either ... or_.

#P.#

plega, m., _play, festivity_.

port, m., _port_ [Lat. portus].

#R.#

râd, f., _raid_.

ræ:can (§ 126), _reach_; pret. 3d sing., ræ:hte.

ræst, see r[e,]st.

Rêadingas, m. pl., _Reading_ (in Berkshire).

r[e,]ccan (§ 128), _narrate, tell_; pret. pl. indic., r[e,]hton,

reahton.

r[e,]ccelêas, _reckless, careless_.

r[e,]ced, n., _house, hall_.

regnian (rênian) (§ 130), _adorn, prepare_; past part., geregnad.

regollîc (-lec), _according to rule, regular_.

rên-weard, m., _mighty warden, guard, champion_.

r[e,]st (ræst), f., _rest, resting-place, bed_.

rêðe, _fierce, furious_.

rîce, _rich, powerful, aristocratic_.

rîce, n., _realm, kingdom_ [bishopric].

rîcsian (§ 130), _rule_.

rîdan (§ 102), _ride_.

rîman (§ 126), _count_ [rime].

rinc, m., _man, warrior_.

rôd, f., _rood, cross_;

rôde tâcen, _sign of the cross_.

Rômware, m. pl., _Romans_.

r[o,]nd (rand), m., _shield_.

rûn, f., _rune, secret meditation_ [to round = to whisper].

rycene (ricene), _quickly, rashly_.

ryhtnorðanwind, m., _straight north-wind_.

#S.#

sæ:, f., _sea_.

sæ:-bât, m., _sea-boat_.

sæ:d, n., _seed_.

sæ:de, see s[e,]cgan.

sæ:l, m., f., _time, happiness_ [sil-ly];

on sæ:lum 137, 22 [[_Beowulf_ 644]] = _joyous, merry_.

sæ:lan (§ 126), _bind_.

sæ:-lîðend (§ 68, (3)), m., _seafarer_ (nom. and acc. pl. same as

nom. and acc. sing.).

sam ... sam, _whether ... or_.

same, _similarly_;

swâ same, _just the same, in like manner_.

samod, see s[o,]mod.

sanct, m., f., _saint_ [Lat. sanctus]; gen. sing., sanctæ, f.,

sancti, m.

sang, see s[o,]ng.

sâr, f., n., _sore, pain, wound_.

sâr, adj., _sore, grievous_.

sâre, _sorely_.

sâwan (§ 117,) _sow_.

sâwol, f., _soul_; oblique cases, sing., sâwle (§ 39, Note).

scacan (sceacan) (§ 116), _shake, go, depart_; past part., scacen,

sceacen.

scadu-helm, m., _cover of night, shadow-covering_ [shadow-helm];

scadu-helma gesceapu, see Note on 138, 2-6 [[lines 647-51]].

sceal, see sculan.

scêap, n., _sheep_.

scêat, m., _corner, region, quarter_ [sheet];

eorðan scêatta 139, 14 [[_Beowulf_ 753]] = _in the regions of earth_

(gen. used as locative).

scêawi(g)an (§ 130), _view, see_ [shew].

scêawung, f., _seeing_.

sceolde, see sculan.

scêop (scôp), see scieppan.

scêowyrhta, m., _shoe-maker_.

sc[e,]ððan (§ 116), _injure, scathe_ (with dat.).

scieppan (§ 116), _create_.

Scieppend, m., _Creator_.

scînan (§ 102), _shine_.

scip (scyp), n., _ship_.

scipen, n., _stall_.

sciprâp, m., _ship-rope, cable_.

scîr, f., _shire, district_.

Sciringeshêal, m., _Sciringesheal_ (in Norway).

scolde, see sculan.

sc[o,]mu, f., _shame, dishonor_.

Scônêg, f., _Skaane_ (southern district of the Scandinavian

peninsula).

scopgereord, n., _poetic language_.

scrîðan (§ 102), _stride, stalk_.

sculan (§ 136; § 137, Note 2), _shall, have to, ought_.

Scyldingas, m. pl., _Scyldings, Danes_.

scyp, see scip.

Scyppend, see Scieppend.

sê, sêo, ðæt (§ 28; § 28, Note 3), _the_; _that_; _he, she, it_;

_who, which, that_;

ðæs, _from then, afterwards, therefore_;

ðæs ðe (p. 110, l. 2), _with what_;

ðy: ... ðæt (p. 110, ll. 7-8), _for this reason ... because_;

tô ðæ:m ... swâ, _to such an extent ... as_;

ðy (ðê), _the_ (adverbial, with comparatives);

ðy: ... ðy:, _the ... the_.

seah, see sêon.

sealde, see s[e,]llan.

searo-gimm, m., _artistic gem, jewel_.

searo-nîð, m., _cunning hatred, plot_.

searo-ð[o,]nc, m., _cunning thought, device_.

Seaxe, m. pl., _Saxons, Saxony_.

sêc(e)an (§ 128), _to seek, visit, meet_.

s[e,]cg, m., _man, warrior_.

s[e,]cgan (§ 132), _say, tell_.

sefa, m., _mind, spirit_.

sêfte, _more easily_ (comparative of sôfte).

segel, m., n., _sail_; dat. sing. = segle.

seglian (§ 130), _sail_.

s[e,]le, m., _hall_.

s[e,]ledrêam, m., _hall joy, festivity_.

s[e,]le-ful, n., _hall cup_.

s[e,]les[e,]cg, m., _hall warrior, retainer_.

sêlest, _best_ (no positive).

self (sylf), _self, himself_ (declined as strong or weak adjective).

s[e,]llan (syllan) (§ 128), _give_ [sell, han(d)sel].

s[e,]mninga, _forthwith, straightway_.

s[e,]ndan (§ 127), _send_.

sêo, see sê.

sêoc, _sick_.

seofon (syfan), _seven_.

seolh, m., _seal_; gen. sing. = sêoles (§ 27, (3)).

sêon (§ 118), _see, look_.

seonu, f., _sinew_; nom. pl., seonowe.

sess, m., _seat_.

sibb, f., _friendship, peace_ [gos_sip_].

sidu (siodu), m., _custom, morality, good conduct_.

sîe, see bêon.

siex, _six_;

syxa (siexa) sum, see sum.

siextig, _sixty_.

sige, m., _victory_.

sige-folc, n., _victorious people_.

sige-lêas, _victory-less, of defeat_.

sige-rôf, victory-famed, _victorious_.

sige-wæ:pen, n., _victory-weapon_.

siglan (§ 127), _sail_.

Sillende, _Zealand_.

sinc, n., _treasure, prize_.

sinc-fæ:t, n., see 137, 1 [[_Beowulf_ 623]] [treasure-vat].

sinc-ð[e,]gu, f., _receiving of treasure_ [ðicgan].

sind, sint, sindon, see bêon.

singan (§ 110), _sing_.

sittan (§ 115, Note 2), _sit, take position_.

sîð, m., _journey, time_;

forman sîðe 139, 2 [[_Beowulf_ 741]] = _the first time_ (instr.

sing.).

sîðian (§ 130), _journey_.

siððan, _after that, afterwards, after_.

slæ:p, m., _sleep_.

slæ:pan (§ 117), _sleep_.

slêan (§ 118), _slay_ [slow-worm].

slîtan (§ 102), _slit, tear to pieces_.

slîðen, _savage, perilous_.

smæl, _narrow_.

smalost, see smæl.

snâw, m., _snow_.

snot(t)or, _wise, prudent_.

sôhte, see sêcan.

s[o,]mod (samod), _together_.

sôna, _soon_.

s[o,]ng, m., n., _song, poem_.

s[o,]ngcræft, m., _art of song and poetry_.

sorg (sorh), f., _sorrow_.

sôð, _true_.

sôð, n., _truth_;

tô sôðe, _for a truth, truly, verily_.

sôð-fæst, _truthful, just_.

sôðlîce, _truly_.

spêd, f., _possessions, success, riches_ [speed].

spêdig, _rich, prosperous_.

spell, n., _story, tale_ [gospel].

spêow, see spôwan.

spere, n., _spear_.

spor, n., _track, footprint_.

spôwan (§ 117), _succeed_ (impersonal with dat.).

spræ:c, f., _speech, language_.

sprecan (§ 115), _speak_.

spyrian (spyrigean) (§ 130), _follow_ (intrans.) [spor].

stæf, _staff, rod_; pl. = _literature, learning_.

stælhrân, m., _decoy-reindeer_.

stælwierðe, _serviceable_ (see p. 56, Note 2).

stæ:r, n., _story, narrative_ [Lat. historia].

stæð, n., _shore_.

stân, m., _stone, rock_.

stân-boga, m., _stone-arch_ [stone-bow].

standan, see st[o,]ndan.

stânhlið (-hleoð), n., _stone-cliff_.

stapol, m., _column_ [staple].

starian (§ 125), _stare, gaze_.

st[e,]de, m., _place_.

stelan (§ 114), _steal_.

st[e,]nt, see st[o,]ndan.

stêorbord, n., _starboard, right side of a ship_.

st[e,]ppan (§ 116), _step, advance_; pret. indic. 3d sing., stôp.

stilnes, f., _stillness, quiet_.

st[o,]ndan (§ 116), _stand_.

stôp, see st[e,]ppan.

storm, m., _storm_.

stôw, f., _place_ [stow, and in names of places].

strang, see str[o,]ng.

str[e,]ngest, see str[o,]ng.

str[o,]ng (§ 96, (2)), _strong_.

styccemæ:lum, _here and there_.

sum (§ 91, Note 2), _some, certain, a certain one_;

hê syxa sum 104, 25 = _he with five others_.

sumera, see sumor.

sumor, m., _summer_; dat. sing. = sumera.

sumorlida, m., _summer-army_.

sundor, _apart_.

sunne, f., _sun_.

sunu, m., _son_.

sûð, _south, southwards_.

sûðan (§ 93, (5)), _from the south_;

be sûðan, _south of_ (§ 94, (4)).

sûðeweard, _southward_.

sûðryhte, _southward_.

swâ (swæ:), _so, as, how, as if_;

swâ swâ, _just as, as far as_;

swâ ... swâ, _the ... the, as ... as_;

swâ hwæt swâ, _whatsoever_ (§ 77, Note).

swæ:s, _beloved, own_.

swæð, n., _track, footprint_ [swath].

swaðul, m.? n.?, _smoke_.

swealh, see swelgan.

swefan (§ 115), _sleep, sleep the sleep of death_.

swefn, n., _sleep, dream_.

swêg, m., _sound, noise_.

swegle, _bright, clear_.

swêlan (§ 126), _burn_ [sweal].

swelgan (§ 110), _swallow_; pret. indic. 3d sing., swealh; subj.,

swulge.

swellan (§ 110), _swell_.

Swêoland, n., _Sweden_.

Swêom, m., dat. pl., _the Swedes_.

sweotol, _clear_.

sweotole, _clearly_.

sw[e,]rian (§ 116), _swear_.

swête, _sweet_.

swêtnes (-nis), f., _sweetness_.

swift (swyft), _swift_.

swilc (swylc) (§ 77), _such_.

swilce, _in such manner, as, likewise_; _as if, as though_ (with

subj.).

swimman (§ 110), _swim_.

swîn (swy:n), n., _swine, hog_.

swînsung, f., _melody, harmony_.

swîðe (swy:ðe), _very, exceedingly, greatly_.

swîðost, _chiefly, almost_.

swôr, see sw[e,]rian.

swulge, see swelgan.

swuster (§ 68, (2)), f., _sister_.

swylce (swelce), see swilce.

swy:n, see swîn.

swynsian (§ 130), _resound_.

swy:ðe, see swîðe.

swy:ð-ferhð, _strong-souled_.

sylf, see self.

syll, f., _sill, floor_.

syllan, see s[e,]llan.

symbel, n., _feast, banquet_.

symle, _always_.

synd, see bêon.

syn-dolh, n., _ceaseless wound, incurable wound_.

syndriglîce, _specially_.

synn, f., _sin_.

syn-scaða, m., _ceaseless scather, perpetual foe_.

syn-snæ:d, f., _huge bit_ [ceaseless bit].

syððan, see siððan.

syx, see siex.

syxtig, see siextig.

#T.#

tâcen, n., _sign, token_; dat. sing., tâcne (§ 33, Note).

tæ:can (§ 128), _teach_.

tam, _tame_.

tela, _properly, well_ [til].

t[e,]llan (§ 128), _count, deem_ [tell]; pret. 3d sing., tealde.

T[e,]mes, f., _the Thames_.

têon, _arrange, create_; pret. sing., têode.

Terfinna, m., gen. pl., _the Terfins_.

têð, see tôð.

tîd, f., _tide, time, hour_.

tîen (ty:n), _ten_.

til(l), _good_.

tîma, m., _time_.

tintreglîc, _full of torment_.

tô (§ 94, (1)), _to, for, according to, as_;

tô hrôfe 114, 2 = _for (as) a roof_ [cf. Biblical _to wife_,

modern _to boot_].

tô, adv., _too_.

tôbrecan (p. 81, Note 2), _break to pieces, knock about_.

tôdæ:lan (§ 126), _divide_.

tôemnes (tô emnes) (§ 94, (4)), _along, alongside_.

tôforan (§ 94, (1)), _before_.

tôgeðêodan (§ 126), _join_.

tôhopa, m., _hope_.

tôlicgan (§ 115, Note 2), _separate, lie between_; 3d sing, indic.

= tôlîð.

tôlîð, see tôlicgan.

tolûcan (§ 109, Note 1), _destroy_ [the prefix tô reverses the

meaning of lûcan, _to lock_].

torn, m., _anger, insult_.

tôð (§ 68, (1)), m., _tooth_.

tôweard (§ 94, (1)), _toward_.

tôweard, adj., _approaching, future_.

trêow, f., _pledge, troth_.

trêownes, f., _trust_.

Trûsô, _Drausen_ (a city on the Drausensea).

tûn, m., _town, village_.

tunge, f., _tongue_.

tûngerêfa, m., _bailiff_ [town-reeve; so sheriff = shire-reeve].

tungol, n., _star_.

twâ, see twêgen.

twêgen, (§ 89), _two, twain_.

twêntig, _twenty_.

ty:n, see tîen.

#Ð.#

ðâ, _then, when_;

ðâ ... ðâ, _when ... then_;

ðâ ðâ, _then when_ = _when_.

ðâ, see sê.

ðæ:r, _there, where_;

ðæ:r ðæ:r, _there where_ = _where_;

ðæ:r ... swâ 142, 4 [[_Beowulf_ 798]] = _wheresoever_; 145, 6

[[_Beowulf_ 2731]] = _if so be that_.

ðæs, _afterwards, therefore, thus, because_;

see sê.

ðæt (ðætte = ðæt ðe), _that, so that_.

ðafian (§ 130), _consent to_.

ðanc, see ð[o,]nc.

ðancian (ð[o,]ncian) (§ 130), _thank_.

ðanon, see ð[o,]nan.

ðâs, see ðês.

ðê, see sê (instr. sing.) and ðû.

ðe (§ 75), _who, whom, which, that_.

ðêah, _though, although_;

ðêah ðe, _though, although_.

ðearf, see ðurfan.

ðearf, f., _need, benefit_.

ðêaw, m., _habit, custom_ [thews].

ðegn (ðegen), m., _servant, thane, warrior_.

ð[e,]nc(e)an (§ 128), _think, intend_.

ðening (-ung), f., _service_;

the pl. may mean _book of service_ (117, 17).

ðêod, f., _people, nation_.

ðêoden, m., _prince, lord_.

ðêodscipe, m., _discipline_.

ðêon (ðy:wan) (§ 126), _oppress_ [ðêow].

ðêow, m., _servant_.

ðêowa, m., _servant_.

ðêowotdôm (ðîowot-), m., _service_.

ðês (§ 73), _this_.

ðider, _thither_.

ðiderweard, _thitherward_.

ðîn (§ 76), _thine_.

ðing, n., _thing_;

æ:nige ðinga, see 140, 15 [[_Beowulf_ 769]], Note.

ðingan (§ 127), _arrange, appoint_.

ðis, see ðês.

ðissum, see ðês.

ðôhte, ðôhton, see ð[e,]ncean.

ðolian (§ 130), _endure_ [thole].

ð[o,]nan, _thence_.

ð[o,]nc, m., _thanks_.

ðone, see sê.

ðonne, _than, then, when_;

ðonne ... ðonne, _when ... then_.

ðrâg, f., _time_.

ðrêa-ny:d, f., _compulsion, oppression, misery_ [throe-need].

ðrêora, see ðrîe.

ðridda, _third_.

ðrie (ðry:) (§ 89), _three_.

ðrîm, see ðrîe.

ðrîst-hy:dig, _bold-minded_.

ðrîtig, _thirty_.

ðrôwung, f., _suffering_.

ðry:, see ðrîe.

ðrym(m), m., _renown, glory, strength_.

ðry:ð, f., _power, multitude_ (pl. used in sense of sing.);

asca ðry:ðe 152, 23 [[_Wanderer_ 99]] = _the might of spears_.

ðry:ð-ærn, n., _mighty house, noble hall_.

ðry:ð-word, n., _mighty word, excellent discourse_.

ðû (§ 72), _thou_.

ðûhte, see ðyncan.

ðurfan (§ 136), _need_; pres. indic. 3d sing., ðearf; pret. 3d sing.,

ðorfte;

for-ðâm mê wîtan ne ðearf Waldend fîra morðor-bealo mâga 145, 17

[[_Beowulf_ 2742]] = _therefore the Ruler of men need not charge

me with the murder of kinsmen_.

ðurh (§ 94, (2)), _through_.

ðus, _thus_.

ðûsend, _thousand_.

ðy:, see sê.

ðyder, see ðider.

ðyncan (§ 128), _seem, appear_ (impersonal);

mê ðyncð, _methinks, it seems to me_;

him ðûhte, _it seemed to him_.

#U.#

ûhta, m., _dawn_; gen. pl., ûhtna.

unbeboht, _unsold_ [bebycgan = _to sell_].

uncûð, _unknown, uncertain_ [uncouth].

under, _under_ (with dat. and acc.).

underst[o,]ndan (§ 116), _understand_.

underðêodan (-ðîedan) (§ 126), _subject to_;

past part. underðêoded = _subjected to, obedient to_ (with dat.).

unforbærned, _unburned_.

unfrið, m., _hostility_.

ungefôge, _excessively_.

ungemete, _immeasurably, very_.

ungesewenlîc, _invisible_ [past part. of sêon + lîc].

unlyfigend, _dead, dead man_ [unliving].

unly:tel, _no little, great_.

unriht, n., _wrong_;

on unriht, see on.

unrihtwîsnes, f., _unrighteousness_.

unspêdig, _poor_.

unwearnum, _unawares_.

ûp (ûpp), _up_.

ûpâstîgnes, f., _ascension_ [stîgan].

ûp-lang, _upright_.

ûre (§ 76), _our_.

usses = gen. sing. neut. of ûser, see ic.

ût, _out, outside_.

ûtan, _from without, outside_.

ûtanbordes, _abroad_.

ûtg[o,]ng, m., _exodus_.

uton, _let us_ (with infin.) [literally _let us go_ with infin. of

purpose (see 137, 19-20, Note [[lines 641-42]]); uton = wuton,

corrupted form of 1st pl. subj. of wîtan, _to go_].

ût-weard, _outward bound, moving outwards_.

#W.#

wâc, _weak, insignificant_.

wacian (§ 130), _watch, be on guard_; imperative sing., waca.

wadan (§ 116), _go, tread_ [wade].

wæ:g, m., _wave_.

Wæ:gmundigas, m. _Wægmundings_ (family to which Beowulf and Wiglaf

belonged).

wæl, n., _slaughter, the slain_.

wæl-blêat, _deadly_ [slaughter-pitiful].

wælgîfre, _greedy for slaughter_.

wæl-ræ:s, m., _mortal combat_ [slaughter-race].

wæl-rêow, _fierce in strife_.

wælsliht (-sleaht), m., _slaughter_.

wælstôw, f., _battle-field_ [slaughter-place];

wælstôwe gewald, _possession of the battle-field_.

wæ:pen, n., _weapon_.

wæ:re, see bêon.

wæs, see bêon.

wæter, n., _water_.

waldend, see _wealdend_.

wan (w[o,]n), _wan, dark_.

wanhy:dig, _heedless, rash_.

wânigean (wânian) (§ 130), _bewail, lament_ (trans.) [whine].

warian (§ 130), _attend, accompany_.

wât, see witan.

waðum, m., _wave_; gen. pl., waðema.

weal(l), m., _wall, rampart_.

wealdend (§ 68, (3)), _wielder, ruler, lord_.

wealh, m., _foreigner, Welshman_.

wealhstôd, m., _interpreter, translator_.

weallan (§ 117), _well up, boil, be agitated_; pret. 3d. sing.

indic., wêoll.

wealsteal(l), m., _wall-place, foundation_.

weard, m., _ward, keeper_.

wearð, see weorðan.

weaxan (§ 117), _wax, grow_.

weg, m., _way_;

hys weges, see § 93, (3);

on weg, see on.

wel(l), _well, readily_.

wela, m., _weal, prosperity, riches_.

welm, see wielm.

wênan (§ 126), _ween, think, expect_.

w[e,]ndan (§ 127), _change, translate_ [wend, windan].

w[e,]nian (§ 130), _entertain_;

w[e,]nian mid wynnum 149, 20 [[_Wanderer_ 29]] = _entertain

joyfully_;

w[e,]nede tô wiste 149, 27 [[_Wanderer_ 36]] = _feasted_ (trans.).

Weonodland (Weonoðland), n., _Wendland_.

weorc, n., _work, deed_.

weorold (weoruld), see woruld.

weorpan (§ 110), _throw_.

weorðan (§ 110), _be, become_.

wer, m., _man_ [werwulf].

wêrig, _weary, dejected_.

werod, n., _army, band_.

wesan, see bêon.

Wesseaxe, m. pl., _West Saxons_; gen. pl. = Wesseaxna.

west, _west, westward_.

westanwind, m., _west wind_.

wêste, _waste_.

wêsten, n., _waste, desert_.

Westsæ:, f., _West Sea_ (west of Norway).

Westseaxe, m. pl., _West Saxons, Wessex_.

wîc, n., _dwelling_ [bailiwick].

wîcian (§ 130), _stop, lodge, sojourn_ [wîc].

wîdre, adv., _farther, more widely_ (comparative of wîde).

wîdsæ:, f., _open sea_.

wielm (welm), m., _welling, surging flood_ [weallan].

wîf, n., _wife, woman_.

wîg, m., n., _war, battle_.

wiga, m., _warrior_.

wild, _wild_.

wildor, n., _wild beast, reindeer_; dat. pl. = wildrum (§ 33, Note).

willa, m., _will, pleasure_; gen. pl., wilna (138, 16 [[_Beowulf_

661]]).

willan (§ 134; § 137, Note 3), _will, intend, desire_.

wilnung, f., _wish, desire_;

for ðæ:re wilnunga 119, 4 = _purposely_.

Wiltûn, m., _Wilton_ (in Wiltshire).

wîn, n., _wine_.

wîn-ærn, n., _wine-hall_.

Wînburne, f., _Wimborne_ (in Dorsetshire).

wind, m., _wind_.

wine, m., _friend_.

Winedas, m. pl., _the Wends, the Wend country_.

wine-dryhten, m., _friendly lord_.

winelêas, _friendless_.

winemæ:g, m., _friendly kinsman_.

wîngeard, m., _vineyard_.

winnan (§ 110), _strive, fight_ [win].

wînsæl, n., _wine-hall_.

wîn-s[e,]le, m., _wine-hall_.

winter, m., _winter_; dat. sing. = wintra.

wintercearig, _winter-sad, winter-worn_.

wîs, _wise_.

wîsdôm, m., _wisdom_.

wîse, _wisely_.

wîse, f., _manner, matter, affair_ [in this wise].

wîs-fæst, _wise_ [wise-fast; cf. shame-faced = shamefast].

wîs-hycgende, _wise-thinking_.

Wîsle, f., _the Vistula_.

Wîslemûða, m., _the mouth of the Vistula_.

wisse, see witan.

wist, f., _food, feast_.

wita, m., _wise man, councillor_.

witan (§ 136), _know, show, experience_.

wîtan (§ 102), _reproach, blame_ (with acc. of thing, dat. of person).

wîte, n., _punishment_.

Wîtland, n., _Witland_ (in Prussia).

wið (§ 94, (3)), _against, toward, with_;

wið êastan and wið ûpp on emnlange ðæ:m by:num lande, _toward the

east, and upwards along the cultivated land_;

wið earm gesæt 139, 11 [[_Beowulf_ 750]] = _supported himself on his

arm_;

gen[e,]red wið nîðe (dat.) 143, 11 [[_Beowulf_ 828]] = _had

preserved it from (against) violence_.

wiðerwinna, m., _adversary_.

wiðfôn (§ 118), _grapple with_ (with dat.).

wiðhabban (§ 133), _withstand, resist_ (with dat.).

wiðst[o,]ndan (§ 116), _withstand, resist_ (with dat.).

wl[o,]nc, _proud_.

wôd, see wadan.

wolcen, n., _cloud_ [welkin]; dat. pl., wolcnum.

wolde, see willan.

wôma, m., _noise, alarm, terror_.

w[o,]n, see wan.

wôp, n., _weeping_.

word, n., _word_.

wôrian (§ 130), _totter, crumble_.

worn, m., _large number, multitude_.

woruld, f., _world_;

tô worulde bûtan æ:ghwilcum [e,]nde 102, 18 = _world without end_.

woruldcund, _worldly, secular_.

woruldhâd, m., _secular life_ [world-hood].

woruldrîce, n., _world-kingdom, world_.

woruldðing, n., _worldly affair_.

wræclâst, m., _track or path of an exile_.

wrâð, _wroth, angry_; _foe, enemy_.

wrîtan (§ 102), _write_.

wucu, f., _week_.

wudu, m., _wood, forest_.

wuldor, n., _glory_.

Wuldorfæder (§ 68, (2)), m., _Father of glory_; gen. sing.,

Wuldorfæder.

Wuldur-cyning, m., _King of glory_.

wulf, m., _wolf_.

wund, f., _wound_.

wund, _wounded_.

wunden, _twisted, woven, convolute_ (past part. of windan).

wundor, n., _wonder, marvel_.

wundrian (§ 130), _wonder at_ (with gen.).

wurdon, see weorðan.

wurðan, see weorðan.

wylf, f., _she wolf_.

wyllað, see willan.

wyn-lêas, _joyless_.

wynn, f., _joy, delight_.

wynsum, _winsome, delightful_.

wyrc(e)an (§ 128), _work, make, compose_.

wyrd, f., _weird, fate, destiny_.

wyrhta, m., _worker, creator_ [-wright].

wyrm, m., _worm, dragon, serpent_.

wyrmlîca, m., _serpentine ornamentation_.

wyrð (weorð), _worthy_; see 114, 7-9, Note.

#Y.#

ylca, see ilca.

yldan (§ 127), _delay, postpone_ [eald].

yldu, f., _age_ [eld].

ymbe (ymb) (§ 94, (2)), _about, around, concerning_ [_um_while];

ðæs ymb iii niht 99, 2 = _about three nights afterwards_.

ymb-êode, see ymb-gân.

ymbe-sittend, _one who sits (dwells) round about another, neighbor_.

ymb-gân (§ 134), _go about, go around, circle_ (with acc.).

yrfe-weard, m., _heir_.

yrnan, see iernan.

yrre, _ireful, angry_.

yteren, _of an otter_ [_otor_].

y:ðan (§ 126), _lay waste_ (as by a deluge) [y:ð = _wave_].

II. GLOSSARY.

MODERN ENGLISH--OLD ENGLISH.

#A.#

a, _ân_ (§ 77).

abide, _bîdan_ (§ 102), _âbîdan_.

about, _be_ (§ 94, (1)), _ymbe_ (§ 94, (2));

to write about, _wrîtan be_;

to speak about (= of), _sprecan ymbe_;

about two days afterwards, _ðæs ymbe twêgen dagas_.

adder, _næ:dre_ (§ 64).

afterwards, _ðæs_ (§ 93, (3)).

against, _wið_ (§ 94, (3)), _on_ (§ 94, (3)).

Alfred, _Ælfred_ (§ 26).

all, _eall_ (§ 80).

also, _êac_.

although, _ðêah_ (§ 105, 2).

always, _â_; _ealne weg_ (§ 98, (1)).

am, _eom_ (§ 40).

an, see a.

and, _[o,]nd_ (_and_).

angel, [e,]ngel (§ 26).

animal, _dêor_ (§ 32).

are, _sind, sint, sindon_ (§ 40).

army, _werod_ (§ 32);

Danish army, _h[e,]re_ (§ 26);

English army, _fierd_ (§ 38).

art, _eart_ (§ 40).

Ashdown, _Æscesdûn_ (§ 38).

ask, _biddan_ (§ 65, Note 3; § 115, Note 2).

away, _aweg_.

#B.#

battle-field, _wælstôw_ (§ 38).

be, _bêon_ (§ 40);

not to be, see § 40, Note 2.

bear, _beran_ (§ 114).

because, _for ðæ:m (ðe), for ðon (ðe)_.

become, _weorðan_ (§ 110).

before (temporal conjunction), _æ:r, æ:r ðæ:m ðe_ (§ 105, 2).

begin, _onginnan_ (§ 107, (1); § 110).

belong to, _belimpan tô_ + dative (§ 110).

best, see good.

better, see good.

bind, _bindan_ (§ 110).

bird, _fugol_ (§ 26).

bite, _bîtan_ (§ 102).

body, _lîc_ (§ 32).

bone, _bân_ (§ 32).

book, _bôc_ (§ 68).

both ... and, _æ:gðer ge ... ge_.

boundary, _mearc_ (§ 38).

boy, _cnapa_ (§ 64).

break, _brêotan_ (§ 109), _brecan, âbrecan_ (§ 114).

brother, _brôðor_ (§ 68, (2)).

but, _ac_.

by, _fr[o,]m_ (_fram_) (§ 94, (1); § 141, Note 1).

#C.#

Cædmon, _Cædm[o,]n_ (§ 68, (1)).

call, _hâtan_ (§ 117, (1)).

cease, cease from, _geswîcan_ (§ 102).

child, _bearn_ (§ 32).

choose, _cêosan_ (§ 109).

Christ, _Crîst_ (§ 26).

church, _cirice_ (§ 64).

come, _cuman_ (§ 114).

comfort, _frôfor_ (§ 38).

companion, _gefêra_ (§ 64).

consolation, _frôfor_ (§ 38).

create, _gescieppan_ (§ 116).

#D.#

Danes, _D[e,]ne_ (§ 47).

day, _dæg_ (§ 26).

dead, _dêad_ (§ 80).

dear (= beloved), _lêof_ (§ 80).

deed, _dæ:d_ (§ 38).

die, _cwelan_ (§ 114).

division (of troops), _gefylce_ (§ 32), _getruma_ (§ 64).

do, _dôn_ (§ 134).

door, _dor_ (§ 32), _duru_ (§ 52).

drink, _drincan_ (§ 110).

during, _on_ (§ 94, (3)). See also § 98.

dwell in, _bûan on_ (§ 126, Note 2).

#E.#

earl, _eorl_ (§ 26).

endure, _drêogan_ (§ 109).

England, _[E,]nglal[o,]nd_ (§ 32).

enjoy, _brûcan_ (§ 62, Note 1; § 109, Note 1).

every, _æ:lc_ (§ 77).

eye, _êage_ (§ 64).

#F.#

father, _fæder_ (§ 68, (2)).

field, _feld_ (§ 51).

fight, _feohtan, gefeohtan_ (§ 110).

find, _findan_ (§ 110).

finger, _finger_ (§ 26).

fire, _fy:r_ (§ 32).

fisherman, _fiscere_ (§ 26).

foreigner, _wealh_ (§ 26).

freedom, _frêodôm_ (§ 26).

friend, _wine_ (§ 45), _frêond_ (§ 68, (3)).

friendship, _frêondscipe_ (§ 45).

full, _full_ (with genitive) (§ 80).

#G.#

gain the victory, _sige habban, sige niman_.

gift, _giefu_ (§ 38).

give, _giefan_ (with dative of indirect object) (§ 115).

glad, _glæd_ (§ 81).

glove, _glôf_ (§ 38).

go, _gân_ (§ 134), _faran_ (§ 116).

God, _God_ (§ 26).

good, _gôd_ (§ 80).

#H.#

Halgoland, _Hâlgoland_ (§ 32).

hall, _heall_ (§ 38).

hand, _h[o,]nd_ (§ 52).

hard, _heard_ (§ 80).

have, _habban_ (§ 34);

not to have, _nabban_ (p. 32, Note).

he, _hê_ (§ 53).

head, _hêafod_ (§ 32).

hear, _hîeran_ (§ 126).

heaven, _heofon_ (§ 26).

help, _helpan_ (with dative) (§ 110).

herdsman, _hierde_ (§ 26).

here, _hêr_.

hither, _hider_.

hold, _healdan_ (§ 117, (2)).

holy, _hâlig_ (§ 82).

horse, _mearh_ (§ 26), _hors_ (§ 32).

house, _hûs_ (§ 32).

#I.#

I, _ic_ (§ 72).

in, _on_ (§ 94, (3)).

indeed, _sôðlîce_.

injure, _sc[e,]ððan_ (with dative) (§ 116).

it, _hit_ (§ 53).

#K.#

king, _cyning_ (§ 26).

kingdom, _rîce_ (§ 32), _cynerîce_ (§ 32).

#L.#

land, _l[o,]nd_ (§ 32).

language, _spræ:c_ (§ 38), _geðêode_ (§ 32).

large, _micel_ (§ 82).

leisure, _æ:metta_ (§ 64).

let us, _uton_ (with infinitive).

limb, _lim_ (§ 32).

little, _lytel_ (§ 82).

live in, _bûan on_ (§ 126, Note 2).

lord, _hlâford_ (§ 26).

love, _lufian_ (§ 131).

love (noun), _lufu_ (§ 38).

#M.#

make, _wyrcan_ (§ 128).

man, _s[e,]cg_ (§ 26), _m[o,]n_ (§ 68, (1)).

many, _m[o,]nig_ (§ 82).

mare, _my:re_ (§ 64).

mead, _medu_ (§ 51).

Mercians, _Mierce_ (§ 47).

milk, _meolc_ (§ 38).

month, _mônað_ (§ 68, (1), Note 1).

mouth, _mûð_ (§ 26).

much, _micel_ (§ 96, (3)), _micle_ (§ 97, (2)).

murderer, _b[o,]na_ (§ 64).

my, _mîn_ (§ 76).

#N.#

natives, _l[o,]ndlêode_ (§ 47).

nephew, _nefa_ (§ 64).

new, _nîwe_ (§ 82).

Northumbrians, _Norðymbre_ (§ 47).

not, _ne_.

#O.#

of, see about.

on, _on_ (§ 94, (3)), _ofer_ (§ 94, (2)).

one, _ân_ (§ 89);

the one ... the other, _ôðer ... ôðer_.

other, _ôðer_ (§ 77).

our, _ûre_ (§ 76).

ox, _oxa_ (§ 64).

#P.#

place, _stôw_ (§ 38).

plundering, _h[e,]rgung_ (§ 38).

poor, _earm_ (§ 80), _unspêdig_ (§ 82).

prosperous, _spêdig_ (§ 82).

#Q.#

queen, _cwên_ (§ 49).

#R.#

reindeer, _hrân_ (§ 26).

remain, _bîdan_ (§ 102), _âbîdan_.

retain possession of the battle-field, _âgan wælstôwe gewald_.

rich, _rîce_ (§ 82), _spêdig_ (§ 82).

ride, _rîdan_ (§ 102).

#S.#

say, _cweðan_ (§ 115), _s[e,]cgan_ (§ 133).

scribe, _bôcere_ (§ 26).

seal, _seolh_ (§ 26).

see, _sêon_ (§ 118), _gesêon_.

serpent, _næ:dre_ (§ 64).

servant, _ðêowa_ (§ 64), _ðegn_ (§ 26).

shall, _sculan_ (§ 136; § 137, Note 2).

she, _hêo_ (§ 53).

shepherd, _hierde_ (§ 26).

ship, _scip_ (§ 32).

shire, _scîr_ (§ 38).

shoemaker, _scêowyrhta_ (§ 64).

side, on both sides, _on gehwæðre h[o,]nd_.

six, _siex_ (§ 90).

slaughter, _wæl_ (§ 32), _wælsliht_ (§ 45).

small, _ly:tel_ (§ 82).

son, _sunu_ (§ 51).

soul, _sâwol_ (§ 38).

speak, _sprecan_ (§ 115).

spear, _gâr_ (§ 26), _spere_ (§ 32).

stand, _st[o,]ndan_ (§ 116).

stone, _stân_ (§ 26).

stranger, _wealh_ (§ 26), _cuma_ (§ 64).

suffer, _drêogan_ (§ 109).

sun, _sunne_ (§ 64).

swift, _swift_ (§ 80).

#T.#

take, _niman_ (§ 110).

than, _ðonne_ (§ 96, (6)).

thane, _ðegn_ (§ 26).

that (conjunction), _ðæt_.

that (demonstrative), _sê, sêo, ðæt_ (§ 28).

that (relative), _ðe_ (§ 75).

the, _se, sêo, ðæt_ (§ 28).

then, _ðâ, ðonne_.

these, see this.

they, _hîe_ (§ 53).

thing, _ðing_ (§ 32).

thirty, _ðrîtig_.

this, _ðês, ðêos, ðis_ (§ 73).

those, see that (demonstrative).

thou, _ðû_ (§ 72).

though, _ðêah_ (§ 105, 2).

three, _ðrîe_ (§ 89).

throne, ascend the throne, _tô rîce fôn_.

throw, _weorpan_ (§ 110).

to, _tô_ (§ 94, (1)).

tongue, _tunge_ (§ 64).

track, _spor_ (§ 32).

true, _sôð_ (§ 80).

truly, _sôðlîce_.

two, _twêgen_ (§ 89).

#V.#

very, _swîðe_.

vessel, _fæt_ (§ 32).

victory, _sige_ (§ 45).

#W.#

wall, _weall_ (§ 26).

warrior, _s[e,]cg_ (§ 26), _eorl_ (§ 26).

way, _weg_ (§ 26).

weapon, _wæ:pen_ (§ 32).

well, _wel_ (§ 97, (2)).

Welshman, _Wealh_ (§ 26).

went, see go.

westward, _west, westrihte_.

whale, _hwæl_ (§ 26).

what? _hwæt_ (§ 74).

when, _ðâ, ðonne_.

where? _hwæ:r_.

which, _ðe_ (§ 75).

who? _hwâ_ (§ 74).

who (relative), _ðe_ (§ 75).

whosoever, _swâ hwâ swâ_ (§ 77, Note).

will, _willan_ (§ 134; § 137, Note 3).

Wilton, _Wiltûn_ (§ 26).

win, see gain.

wine, _wîn_ (§ 32).

wisdom, _wîsdôm_ (§ 26).

wise, _wîs_ (§ 80).

with, _mid_ (§ 94, (1));

to fight with (= against), _gefeohtan wið_ (§ 94, (3)).

withstand, _wiðst[o,]ndan_ (with dative) (§ 116).

wolf, _wulf_ (§ 26), _wylf_ (§ 38).

woman, _wîf_ (§ 32).

word, _word_ (§ 32).

worm, _wyrm_ (§ 45).

#Y.#

ye, _gê_ (§ 72).

year, _gêar_ (§ 32).

yoke, _geoc_ (§ 32).

you, _ðû_ (singular), _gê_ (plural) (§ 72).

your, _ðîn_ (singular), _êower_ (plural) (§ 76).

* * * * *

* * * *

* * * * *

Errata

The spelling "Fins" (translating "ðâ Finnas") is used consistently.

Errors were trivial, generally missing punctuation. Shakespeare

citations have been silently regularized to "I, ii, 3" form. The Old

English text was not checked for misprints.

Numbered Sections:

9 Note

to t.: #settan#, _to set_ [to t.]

39

NOTE.--Syncopation occurs as in masculine and neuter a-stems.

[_final . missing_]

41

sêo hâlignes[1], _holiness_. [_comma missing_]

95

for ðæ:m, } [_comma missing_]

104

corresponding with its function in Mn.E. [_final . missing_]

130

eard-ian, eard-ode ... [_first comma missing_]

131

NOTE 1. [NOTE. 1.]

132

hæf-de, lif-de, secg-an, [_all commas missing_]

Readings:

Poetry: Structure: Meter: Type B:

The type of B most frequently occurring is × × ´¯ | × ´¯.

[_final . missing_]

Beowulf: The Banquet in Heorot (page 138).

[8] = ealdre (instr. sing.). [_final . missing_]

Glossary:

âbûgan (§ 109, Note 1) [Note, 1]

dêofol, m., n., _devil_; [m. n.,]

intinga, m., _cause, sake_. [intinga.]

lagulâd, f., _sea_ [lake-way, lâd = _leading, direction, way_].

[_closing bracket printed as parenthesis_]

norðan (§ 93, (5)), _from the north_;

[_second closing parenthesis missing_]

sæ:l, m., f., _time, happiness_ [sil-ly]; [m. f.,]

sêfte, _more easily_ (comparative of sôfte).

[_closing parenthesis missing_]

Swêom, m., dat. pl., _the Swedes_. [_final . missing_]

tolûcan (§ 109, Note 1), _destroy_ ... [_section mark § missing_]

wið (§ 94, (3)), ... [_section mark § missing_]