_Barnegat City_ (female).—Fore limb much shorter than in the Newport
skeleton. Humerus: Head quite oblique, the lower edge overhanging the
shaft considerably on the ulnar side. Tuberosity level with upper surface
of head, elliptical in outline when viewed from above. Deltoid ridge
moderately prominent, irregular, rugose, and extending to about the
middle of the shaft. Distal end of humerus not expanded. Bicipital groove
inconspicuous.
Radius: Almost perfectly straight, but a little inclined toward ulna at
oblique proximal end; scarcely expanded at distal end, which is lower
externally than internally.
Ulna: Much slenderer than radius, rounded triangular in section, not
expanded at distal end, where the margin is lowest externally. Olecranon
well developed, thin, and pointed proximally.
Carpals: Five; two on ulna side, two median and one on radial side in
line with first metacarpal. The proximal middle bone (intermedium)
extends much farther proximally than those on each side of it.
Metacarpals: Metacarpal III longest, metacarpal II broadest. Metacarpal I
oblong, or rather conical, with a lateral enlargement, and situated in
line with the distal row of carpals.
Digits: First phalange of first digit short and conical.
_Newport_ (male).—Fore limb considerably longer and more massive than
that of the Barnegat skeleton but similar otherwise, except as follows:
Humerus: Head rather larger and less inclined. Deltoid ridge more
prominent.
Radius: Broader proximally and rounded at distal end, where it extends
outward beyond the carpal bones.
Ulna: Thicker, and olecranon less pointed.
Carpal bones: Middle carpal bone not extending farther proximally than
those on either side of it.
Metacarpals: Metacarpal I nearly square, third longest, second to fourth
more constricted.
Digits: First phalange of first digit long and cylindrical. Phalangeal
formula: I, 1; II, 6; III, 6; IV, 4; V, 2.
Measurements of the skeletons above described are as follows:
_Dimensions of four skeletons of Ziphius cavirostris._
Column headings:
A: Barnegat City, New Jersey. 20971 U.S.N.M. female, adult.
B: Newport, Rhode Island. 49599 U.S.N.M. male, adult.
C: Charleston, South Carolina. 21975 U.S.N.M. female, young.
D: Bering Island. (Vertebræ) young.
Measurements. A B C D
mm. mm. mm. mm.
Length of skull 945 915 797 ...
First to fourth cervicals (vert. 1-4):
Length of combined centra 81 79 66 55
Greatest breadth of atlas 283 259 210(?) 146
Greatest height of atlas 215 218 170 148
First thoracic vertebra (vert. 8):
Greatest breadth 211 220 174(?) 122
Greatest height[a] 267 321 163 133
Length of centrum 42 46 32 19
Height of centrum 70 67 48 49
Seventh thoracic vertebra (vert. 14):
Greatest breadth 142 158 147 128
Greatest height 440 417 260 182
Length of centrum 102 103 74 51
Height of centrum (ant.) 68 69 49 44
Eighth thoracic vertebra (vert. 15):
Greatest breadth 253 288 177 100
Greatest height 447 427 265 186
Length of centrum 110 109 78 54
Height of centrum 65 69 51 47
Ninth thoracic vertebra (vert. 16):
Greatest breadth 329 366 248(?) 122
Greatest height 418 431 277 192
Length of centrum 117 117 82 58
Height of centrum 69 75 53 49
First lumbar vertebra (vert. 17):
Greatest breadth 385 393 [b]275 142
Greatest height 464 451 [b]293 200
Length of centrum 122 120 [b]89 62
Height of centrum 74 81 [b]55 50
Tenth lumbar vertebra (vert. 26):
Greatest breadth 362 335 [c]230 158
Greatest height 524 488 [c]343 242
Length of centrum 172 162 [c]129 85
Height of centrum 107 109 [c]78 71
First caudal vertebra (vert. 27):
Greatest breadth 336(?) [d]313 223 166
Greatest height 483 [d]458 307 235
Length of centrum 178 [d]160 127 91
Height of centrum 113 [d]109 81 75
Seventh caudal vertebra (vert. 33):
Greatest breadth 164 [e]161 113 110
Greatest height [f]255 [f]250 155 [f]135
Length of centrum 139 131 103 77
Height of centrum (ant.) [f]111 [f]119 [f]85 [f]78
Twelfth caudal vertebra (vert. 38):
Greatest breadth 90 [g]88 61 62
Greatest height 83 [g]78 53 61
Length of centrum 55 [g]56 46 47
Fifteenth caudal vertebra (vert. 41):
Greatest breadth 64 [h]62 49 45
Greatest height 54 [h]52 33 30
Length of centrum 42 [h]39 30 28
Eighteenth caudal vertebra (vert. 45):
Greatest breadth 37 [i]38 ... ...
Greatest height 20 [i]19 ... ...
Length of centrum 24 [i]22 ... ...
Twentieth caudal vertebra (vert. 46):
Greatest breadth ... [j]25 ... ...
Greatest height ... [j]13 ... ...
Length of centrum ... [j]19 ... ...
Chevrons:
Antero-posterior length of first ... 74 ... ...
chevron
Depth of same ... 66 44 ...
Length of second chevron 83 107 55 38
Depth of same 87 85 74 63
Length of third chevron 114 91 61 46
Depth of same 135 206 123 90
Length of fourth chevron 125 122 67 51
Depth of same 213 206 111 67
Length of eighth chevron 80 86 43 35
Depth of same 108 115 41 33
Length of ninth chevron 84 74 ... 27
Depth of same 83 88 ... 19
Scapula:
Greatest length 385 415 [k]224 159
Greatest height 275 300 175 132
Length of acromion [l]115 159 ... 48
Length of coracoid from edge of glenoid 127 148 60 38
Pectoral limb:
Total length 588 652 ... ...
Humerus:
Length 168 177 130 95
Breadth at distal end 69 69 52 42
Radius:
Length [m]178 [m]175 [m]135 ...
Breadth at distal end 55 65 41 ...
Ulna:
Length without olecranon 165 171 118 ...
Length including olecranon 220 225 150 ...
Breadth at distal end 44 42 30 ...
Metacarpals:
Length of first 31 28
Length of second 52 55
Length of third 52 58
Length of fourth 44 51
Length of fifth 37 39
Phalanges:
Length of first phalange of first digit 27 44
Sternum:
Total length [n]803 821 [o]550 [o]395
Length of manubrium 259 306 [o]203 105
Breadth of manubrium 286 333 193 128
Length of fifth segment [o]170 [p]184 [o]128 [p]92
Breadth of fifth segment 133 168 86 82
Ribs:
Length of first rib (straight) 405 410 277 191
Breadth of first rib at proximal end 88 110 65 46
Breadth of first rib at distal end 63 80 40 30
Length of fifth rib (straight) 785 770 545 415
Length of ninth rib (straight) 620 620
[a] The measurements of height of vertebræ are from center of inf.
margin of centrum to center of tip of spine, unless otherwise
specified.
[b] Last thoracic.
[c] Ninth lumbar.
[d] Second caudal = vert. 28.
[e] Eighth caudal = vert. 34.
[f] Without chevron facet.
[g] Thirteenth caudal = vert. 39.
[h] Sixteenth caudal = vert. 42.
[i] Nineteenth caudal = vert. 45.
[j] Vert. 46.
[k] Edges abraded.
[l] A little broken.
[m] In median line.
[n] Without cartilages.
[o] With cartilages.
[p] Left side.