both in extent and magnificence, to place him in the foremost rank
amongst the great building prelates of the Middle Ages. His own
cathedral of Winchester bears ample marks of his munificence, but the
twin educational establishments of Winchester and New Colleges are
perhaps a finer monument of the foresight that warned him that the days
of monasticism were numbered, and that the founding of a college was a
more enduring work than the rearing of a minster.
The precise amount of personal control and guidance exercised by the
building prelates over the works that they initiated must always remain
a moot point, and modern criticism seems inclined to divest them of all
credit save that of patrons of the arts. Nevertheless, it is nowise
inconsistent with the extraordinary versatility of the mediæval mind
that the great statesman and ecclesiastic should also be an adept at
architecture, and this is more than likely in the case of William of
Wykeham, whose earlier years were spent in supervising the Royal works.
Born in 1324, he became surveyor, at the age of thirty-two, to the
works at Henley and Easthampstead (a Royal hunting-box on the skirts
of Windsor Park), and later was entrusted with the more important
operations at Windsor Castle. Alterations to Leedes (Kent), Dover,
and Hadleigh castles came in turn under his care, and in 1361–7 he
superintended the building of the entirely new castle of Queenborough.
In those days prolonged and valued service to the Crown was commonly
rewarded by ecclesiastical preferment, a form of recompense agreeable
alike to both parties; for, while it cost the donor nothing, it
provided a lucrative sinecure for the recipient. Thus Wykeham became a
noted pluralist, holding as many as a dozen prebends, besides numerous
other offices. He was for some years Dean of St. Martin-le-Grand in
London, and in 1366 became Bishop of Winchester, a position he occupied
for nearly forty years.
His ecclesiastical works at Winchester and Oxford have long received
their due meed of admiration, and it is not with them that we are now
concerned, but rather with the remarkable castle of Queenborough, the
erection of which he supervised.
[Illustration: FIG. 108.—QUEENBOROUGH CASTLE.
_Plan from the Hatfield MSS._]
The Island of Sheppey, on which it stood, is a dreary tract of country,
separated by a sluggish waterway from the mainland of Kent, and rising
on the north side in the low hills of Minster. Since the destruction of
the castle, its sole claims to architectural interest are centred in
the priory church of Minster and the fine parish church at Eastchurch.
The Castle of Queenborough, of which only the earthworks now remain,
was begun by Edward III. about the year 1361, and took about six years
to build; but from that time little is heard of it till it entered
into the extensive schemes of Henry VIII. for the defences of the
southern coast, when the building was repaired and brought up to date.
On the triumph of the Parliament, Queenborough, in 1650, was surveyed
by their orders, with the other Crown lands, with a view to its sale.
In this survey it is described as “lying within the common belonging
to the town of Queenborough and containing about twelve rooms of one
range of building below stairs, and about forty rooms from the first
storey upward, being circular and built of stone with six towers and
certain out-offices, all the roof being covered with lead. Within the
circumference of the castle was one little round court paved with
stone, and in the middle one great well, and without the castle was
one great court surrounding it, both court and castle being surrounded
with a great stone wall, and the outside of that moated round.” The
Commissioners speak of it somewhat contemptuously as having been
built in the time of bows and arrows, and it was almost immediately
sold and pulled down. Fortunately a careful ground plan, here
reproduced, is preserved amongst the Hatfield papers, and a drawing by
Hollar taken shortly before its demolition gives some indication of the
remarkable form and unusual appearance it formerly presented.
In the history of English military architecture the Castle of
Queenborough occupies an isolated position. It was almost the earliest
example of the fort, in the modern sense, as opposed to the fortified
dwelling-house, and was the immediate precursor of the “castles,” so
called, of Henry VIII. Castle-building under Edward I., as exemplified
in the great structures reared by that sovereign in Wales, is but
little altered in general form from the larger fortifications of the
Norman and Angevin kings, the rectangular keep and mound, however,
being abandoned. Conway, Carnarvon, and Beaumaris are familiar examples
of this period, which was followed by a rapid transition. The tendency
became all for compactness and centralisation, the result being a
great square block, with towers at the angles and a central courtyard.
Numerous buildings of this class, such as Bolton-in-Wensleydale,
Wressle, and Sheriff Hutton, were erected towards the close of the
fourteenth century, and form almost the latest type of domestic
combined with genuine military architecture which this country
produced. Queenborough, as we have said, stands quite apart from either
class. It provides no domestic accommodation worthy of the name, and
its fifty-odd rooms, while imposing in number, were insignificant in
size, being placed one above the other in the six lofty circular towers
that surrounded the central courtyard. The perfect symmetry of the
design is another unusual feature, in which the value of the circular
plan, in the defensive warfare of those days, is fully appreciated.
The building which approaches it most nearly in form is the castle of
Camber, built by Henry VIII. nearly two hundred years later, in the
flat saltmarsh on the seaward side of Rye. Here, however, we have a
circular keep in the centre, and the flanking towers are transferred
to the perimeter of the polygonal outer curtain; and, furthermore, the
danger of lofty towers in the face of artillery has reduced the whole
structure to a low, squat form, far different from the aspiring turrets
of Queenborough.
Attempts have been made, notably in the Winchester volume of the
_Archæological Journal_, to recover the plan of Queenborough, but the
drawing here reproduced for the first time sets at rest all question as
to its form, and provides another interesting landmark in the history
of architectural development.
—A. W. C.
[Illustration: (Triangle shaped decorative design with leaves and
vines)]
INDEX.
A.
Abbot Archbishop, 219, 230, 234
Abbot’s Hospital, Guildford, 215–237
Abingdon, Christ’s Hospital, 236
Abingdon, Tompkins’ Almshouses, 236
Adam, Robert, 194
Alcazar, Palace of, 3
Allen, Edward, 17, 18, 21
Aldgate Priory, 84
Almshouses, 215–237
Alnwick Abbey, 110
Castle, 194
Anne of Denmark, 190
Apothecaries Hall, 36
Company, 260
Archer, William, 15, 23, 24
Architects, Elizabethan, &c. _See under_ Chrismas, Jansen, John of
Padua, Hawthorne, Needham, Osborne, Smithson, Spicer, Symonds,
Thorpe, Torrington, Toto del’ Nunziata
Architecture, Domestic, 3, 7, 69–75, 124, 127, 128, 131, 132
Military. _See_ Castles
Mediæval Planning, 31
Arundel House, Strand, 182
Street, 182
Earl of, 5, 182
Ashby-de-la-Zouche, Castle, 73
Atheny Friary, 246
Audley End, 190
Aubrey, 80, 92, 99, 101
Augustinian, Canons, 110
Austin Friars. _See_ Friars
Austin Friars (Church), London, 243, 244, 250, 265
B.
Bankside, 17–18
Banquet House, 10, 11, 12
Baptist’s Head Tavern, 177
Barber’s Hall, 36
Barking Abbey, 197–214
Barley, Dorothy, 200
Barnstaple, Penrose Almshouses, 230
Bayham Abbey, 108
Beamsley Hospital, Yorks, 221, 228
Beaufort House. _See_ Chelsea
Henry, Duke of, 96, 99
Cardinal, 225
Beaulieu, 4
Beaumaris Castle, 274
Bede, 199
Bee, Anthony Bishop of Durham, 52, 64
Bedford House, 182
Earl of, 182
Belvoir Priory, 110
Benedictines, The, 70, 110, 242
Beowulf, 69
Bear Garden, The, 16
Berkhampstead Castle, 141, 142
Berlin, 31
Bishop Auckland, 73
Blackfriars. _See_ Friars
Blackfriars, London, 255–263
Blackfriars Theatre, 262, 263
Blackheath, Morden College, 236
Blois, Bishop Henry of, 70
Blomfield, Professor, 6
Blount (Tomb), 42
Bolton-in-Wensleydale, 274
Bradford-on-Avon, Halls Almshouses, 236
Bramshill, 185
Bray, Jesus Hospital, 225
Braun and Hohenberg, 5
Brenan, Gerald, 188
Brickbarn Close, 94
Brickwork, 10, 79
Bridewell, 4
Brinkburn Abbey, 211
Britain’s Burse. _See_ New Exchange
Bromley-by-Bow, Tudor House, 195
Bromley College, 236
Brushfield, Dr. T. N., 153, 157, 160, 163
Brussels, 31
Buck, Samuel and Nathaniel, 52
Buckler, J. C., 59
Burbidge, James, 261, 262
Burghley House, 189
Lord. _See_ Cecil
C.
Caen, 70
Camber Castle, 274
Cambridge, Pepysian Library, 157, 184
Queen’s College, 145
St. Radegund’s, 211
Campeggio, Cardinal, 262
Canaletto, 190
Canterbury Cathedral (Christ Church), 74
Cardiff (Franciscan House), 247
Carlisle, Earl of, 188
Carlisle, 113
Bishop of, 182, 187
Carmelites, The, 243, 245, 263–266
Carnarvon, 274
Carthusian Order, 220, 225
Castell, Robert, 258
Castle Acre, 74
Castle Rising, 36
Holy Trinity Hospital, 187
Castles, English (Fort), 31, 69, 70, 141, 274, 275
Cawarden, Sir Thomas, 5, 258, 261
Cecil, Lord Burleigh, 49, 81, 84, 150
Sir Robert, Earl of Salisbury, 79, 81, 83, 84, 85, 89, 91, 94, 153,
157, 160, 182
Chapterhouses, 107, 108, 110
Charles V., Emperor, 36, 256, 260
Charles I., 96, 146
Charterhouse, The, 132
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 225
Chelsea, 57
Henry VIII.’s Manor House, 4
Home of Sir Thomas More, 77–103
Park, 94
Royal Hospital, 237
Chertsey Abbey, 199, 202
Register, 199
Chester Cathedral, 211
Bishop of, 182
Chibburn, 178
Chichester, St. Mary’s Hospital, 222, 246
Chipping Campden, 229
Chiswick, 99
Cholmeley, Sir Richard, 42
Chrismas, Gerard, 189, 190
Christchurch, 75
Castle, Twynham, 70, 73, 74, 145
Christina de Bosham, 212
Christina de Valoyns, 212
Cistercians, The, 110, 242, 247
Clare (Ireland), 246
Cleveland, Duchess of, 3, 5
Clinton, Edward Lord, 201
Clun Hospital (Holy Trinity), 187, 230
Cockersand Abbey, 105–117
Colchester Castle, 36
Conway Castle, 274
Corsham Almshouses, 236
Cotton, Sir Robert, 159, 160
Coventry, Ford’s Hospital, 226, 258
Christ Church, 245
Courtenay, Hugh, Earl of Devon, 265
Cranfield, Lionel, Earl of Middlesex, 92, 94
Crosby Hall, 58, 59, 64, 119–138
Sir John, 121, 122, 127, 138
Croydon, Archbishop’s Palace, 89, 132
Whitgift Hospital, 229, 230, 233
Cuddington Manor House, 4
Richard de, 4
D.
Dacre, Anne, Lady, 81, 85
Danvers House, 80, 81, 94, 95, 99
Sir John, 80, 92, 99, 101
de Clare, Family of, 146
de la Pole, Catherine, 205
Denham, The Savoy, 74
de Witt, Johannes, 16
Digby, George, Earl of Bristol, 96
Dollman, F. T., 220
Dominicans, The, 242, 246, 255
Dovecot Close, Chelsea, 89, 91, 99
Dover, 84
Castle, 271
St. Martin’s Priory, 74
Drogheda, 246
Dulwich College, 15
Dunbar, 245
Dunwich, Grey Friars, 247
Durdans, Epsom, 12
Durham Cathedral, 212
House, Strand, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 182
E.
Easby Abbey, 75, 113
Eastchurch, 272
East Grinstead, Sackville College, 229
Easthampstead, 271
Edgar the Peaceable, 199
Edward the Confessor, 145, 147
Edward I., 249, 253, 274
Edward II., 249
Edward III., 246, 272
Edward IV., 58, 64, 65, 122
Edward VI., 5, 38, 141, 201, 258
Egglestone Abbey, 108
Elgin Abbey, 113
Elizabeth, Queen, 6, 52, 89, 142, 163, 228
Elizabethan Surveyors, 50. _See also_ Architects
Eltham Palace, 47–66, 96, 128
Chancellor’s Lodging, 60
Chapel, 57, 58
Great Hall, 58, 59, 122, 128, 132
Green Court, 60, 65
Ely, Longchamp, Bishop of, 37
Emanuel Hospital, Westminster, 81
Ennis, 246
Erasmus, 79
Erkenwald, Bishop of London, 199
Essex House, Strand, 182, 187
Earl of, 182
Ethelburga, St., 199, 208
Evelyn, 6, 10, 184, 188, 193
Ewell, Vicarage, 12
Exchange, The New, in the Strand, 151–164
Exeter, Bishop of, 182
Ewelme Hospital (Oxon.), 225, 236
F.
Faithorne, 157
Felton, Sybil, 205
Field of the Cloth of Gold, 10
Fitzstephen, William, 37, 181, 248
Fitzwilliam, Lord, 5
Ford Abbey, 75
Forster, Sir Thomas, 177
Fort. _See_ Castles
Fortune Theatre, The, 13–28
Franciscans, The, 241, 242, 243, 247
Fresham, Prior, 177
Friars, The, 239–267
G.
Galway, 246
Garrett, Daniell, 193
Gaynsford Hall, Carshalton, 12
Genibelli, Federigo, 86
George I., 164
Glastonbury, St. Mary Magdalene’s Hospital, 225
Globe Theatre, The, 16, 17, 18, 21
Gilbertine, The, Order, 248
Godalming, Wyatt’s Hospital, 230
Golding (Golden) Lane, 18
Gorges House, 80, 81, 91, 99
Gorges, Sir Arthur, 80, 91, 99
Gothic Architecture, 122
Gray, Sir Ralph, 265, 266
Gray’s Inn Hall, 132
Graystanes, Robert de, 52
Greene, 27
Greenwich, Holy Trinity Hospital, 187, 229
Palace, 201
Guildford, Abbot’s Hospital, 215–237
Guisnes, 4, 10
H.
Hadleigh Castle, 271
Hainault, Forest of, 146, 200
Hague, The, 31
Hall, The (in Domestic Architecture), 59, 84, 87, 124, 127, 132
Origin of, 65–75
The Aisled, 72, 73, 145
Hall’s Chronicle, 10
Hammerbeam Roof, 132
Hampton Court, 49, 132
Hatfield, Thomas, Bishop of Durham, 154
Havering Bower, 142, 145–150
Hawthorne, H., 142
Hay, Lord (Viscount Doncaster), 188
Hengrave Hall, 9
Henley, 271
Henry II., 69
Henry III., 37
Henry VI., 58
Henry VII., 3, 182
Henry VIII., 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 38, 58, 64, 65, 75, 79, 143, 197, 200,
201, 242, 255, 256, 260, 262, 272, 274
Henslowe, Phillip, 17, 18, 21
Heraclius, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 171
Hereford, Coningsby Hospital, 230
Hertford Castle, 70, 73, 141–145
Higham Ferrers, Bede House, 222
Holbein, 79, 85
Hospitals, Mediæval. _See_ Almshouses
Hospitallers, The Knights, 167, 168, 177
Houghton, Roger, 91
Horwood (Plan of London), 193
Howard, Henry, 1st Earl of Northampton, 184, 187
Henry, Earl of Surrey, 187
Thomas, Earl of Suffolk, 187
2nd Earl of Suffolk, 187
Howden (Yorks.), 113
Hull, Holy Trinity Church, 253
Hulne (Northumberland), 247
Hunting Lodge (Elizabethan), 11, 12
I.
Inchcolm Abbey, 113
Infirmaries (Monastic), 72, 213, 220
Ingoldsthorpe, Lady, 258
Innyards (galleried), 22
Ireland (the Friars in), 243, 245
Isle of Wight, 86
Isleworth, Syon House, 187, 194
J.
James I., 57, 80, 96, 163, 230
James II., 42
Jansen, Bernard, 189
John, King, 37
John of Padua, 6
Jones, Inigo, 49, 99, 184, 189, 190
Jumièges, 70
K.
Kensington Palace, Orangery, 11
King, Dr. John, 89
Kingston, Lady, 261
Kip, 81, 85, 94, 96, 99
Kirkleatham Hospital, Yorks., 236
Kirkstall Abbey, 71, 211
Knolles, Sir Robert, 265
Knyff, 81
L.
Lambeth Palace, 132
Lancaster Priory, 108
Parish Church, 113
Langland, William, 127
Laycock Abbey, 75
Leedes Castle (Kent), 271
Leicester, Earl of, 182, 226
Leicester, Trinity Hospital, 222
Wigston’s Hospital, 222
Le Neve, 9
Lennox, Duchess of, 96
Lethieullier, Smart, 201, 208, 210
Lewes Castle, 74
Lewisham, Colfe’s Almshouses, 236
Lincoln, 248
Earl of (Henry Clinton), 80, 91, 92
3rd Earl of, 80, 92
Lindsey, Earl of, 57, 80, 96, 99
House (Dr. Mayerne’s), 57, 80, 81, 91, 96
Lisbon, 31
Lisle, John, 96
Llandaff, Bishop, 182
Longchamp, Bishop of Ely, 37
Loseley Hall MSS., 168, 172, 258, 261
Losse, Hugh, 261
_Louvre_, 131
Ludlow Castle, 113
Lumley, Lord, 5, 6
Lyddington, Jesus Hospital, 229
Lynn, Greyfriars, 245, 258
St. Margaret’s, 110
M.
Mabel de Bosham, 200, 210
Madrid, 3, 31
Maidenhead, Smyth’s Almshouses, 236
Malta, 168
Knights of, 167
Maplestead, Little, 178
Marlowe, 24
Marshall, Robert, Bishop of Hereford, 265
Marston, 24
Mary, Queen, 5, 143, 171
Maud, Abbess, Daughter of Henry II., 210
Maud de Loveland, 210
Maurer, J., 190
Mayerne, Sir Theodore, 57, 80, 96
Maynard, H., 82
Melton, John, 24
Merstham, 4
Merton, 4
Mile End, Almshouses, 236
Military Orders of Monks, 167
Milman’s Row, Chelsea, 80
Minster, 272
Monastic building, 71, 74
Moor Hall (Middlesex), 178
Moravian Burial Ground, Chelsea, The, 89, 99
Moravians, The, 80, 81, 99
More, Sir Thomas, 79, 80, 81, 84, 85, 92
More, Sir William, 261
Mountfichet, Family of, 146
Mylne, 193
Mytton, 114
N.
Needham, James, 200
Newark, 253
Newcastle (Castle), 36
Jesus Hospital, 236
Nonsuch Palace, 1–12
Norden, 159
Northampton, Earl of, 183, 184
Northumberland House, Strand, 179–195
Norwich, Bishop of, 182
Nottingham, Collins’ Almshouses, 236
Nun Monkton, 211
Nurstead Court, 74
O.
Oakham Castle, 73, 145
Ogilby and Morgan’s Map of London, 32, 35
Ongar Castle, 141
Oxford, 272
Bodleian Library, 81, 200
Orangeries, 11
Oriel, 9, 59, 65, 75, 85, 88, 131
Osborne, Mr. (1610), 157
P.
Pargetting, 9
Paris, 31
Paris Garden, 17
Paston, Sir John, 265
Paulet, Sir William, 1st Marquis of Winchester, 81, 92
2nd Marquis of Winchester, 81
Marchioness of Winchester, 81
Paulton Square, 89
Pepys, 80, 101, 164
Pepysian Library, Cambridge, 157, 184
Percy, Henry, 9th Earl of Northumberland, 187
Percy, Algernon, 10th Earl of Northumberland, 187, 188
Percy, Josceline, 11th Earl of Northumberland, 188
Percy (Smithson) Hugh, Duke of Northumberland, 188
Perpendicular Period of Gothic Architecture, 122–124
Petworth, Somerset Hospital, 236
Phillip II. of Spain, 3
Phillipps, J. O. Halliwell, 15, 261
Pinelli, Cataneo, 122
Pleshy, 146
Portinary, Mr., 261
Premonstratensian Canons, 108, 110
Pugin, 50, 59
Pyrgo Palace, 146, 147
Q.
Quainton, Winwood’s Almshouses, 236
Queenborough Castle, 269–275
Queensferry, 245
Quinn, 246
R.
Radnor, Earl of, 102
Raleigh, Sir Walter, 154, 157
Rayleigh Castle, 141
Redman, Bishop, 108
Reigate Stone, 4, 58, 135, 138, 209, 212
Renaissance compared with Gothic, 123
Restalrig Church, 113
Rhodes, 168
Richard I., 37
Richard II., 146
Richard III., 121, 131
Churches (Yorks.), 113, 243, 245
Richmond Castle (Yorks.), 70, 73, 145
Palace, 4, 5, 11
Park, 188
Rochester Castle, 36
Cathedral, 211
Rome, 31
Roofs, Timber, 59, 132
Hipped, 236
Rood (at Barking), 205, 206
Roper, William, 91, 92
Rose Theatre, The, 17
Rosserk, 246
Rushton, Northants, 177
Russell House, 187
Rye (Austin Friars), 246
S.
Sackville, Sir Robert, 81
Sandhills, 94
St. Albans, 248
Abbey, 208
St. Andrews (Scotland), 246
St. Bride, Fleet Street, 6
St. Dominic, 241
St. Erkenwald, Bishop of London, 199
St. Francis of Assisi, 241, 242
St. Helen’s, London, 211
St. Hildelitha, 208
St. James’s, Clerkenwell, 177
St. James’s Palace, London, 4
St. John’s Chapel. _See_ Tower of London
St. John, Clerkenwell, 165–178
St. John’s Square, Clerkenwell, 172
St. Martin-le-Grand, 272
St. Mary Rouncivall, Hospital of, 159, 183
St. Peter ad Vincula, Chapel of, 42
St. Petersburg, 31
St. Wulfhilda, 208
Salisbury Cathedral, 247
Collegium Matrarum, 236
Eyre’s Hospital, 230
St. Nicholas’ Hospital, 225
Trinity Almshouses, 236
Salisbury House, Strand, 153, 157, 182
Savoy, The, 4
Hospital, 182
Peter of, 182
Savoy, The, Denham, 74
Saxon Building, 69, 72
Scotland Hall, Richmond, 74
Seymour, Algernon, 7th Duke of Somerset, 188
Charles, 6th Duke of Somerset, 188
Lady Elizabeth, 188
Lord Thomas, 182
Shaftesbury Abbey, 206
Shakespeare, 17, 28, 122, 260, 263
Shepherd, T. Hosmer, 163
Sherborne, St. John’s Hospital, 225
Sheriff Hutton, 274
Shrewsbury, Millington’s Hospital, 236
Skinner, 193
Sloane, Sir Hans, 79, 85, 96
Smithson, 81, 99, 154, 159, 160, 164, 183, 193
Sir Hugh (Duke of Northumberland), 188
Soane, Sir John, 194
Somerset, Edward, Duke of, 182
House, 182
Protector, 171
Somerton Castle, 52
Southwell, Sir Robert, 259
Speed, 5, 9, 145
Spicer, 80, 86
Stage, The Elizabethan, 14–28, 263
Stallwood, Benjamin, 102
Stalworth, William, 259
Stamford, Browne’s Hospital, 225
Standing, The, _See_ Hunting Lodge
Stone, Nicholas, 101
Stephen, King, 168
Stortford Castle, 141
Stow, John, 172, 181, 182, 183, 226, 233, 244, 265
Strand Inn, 182
Streete, Peter, 17, 18, 21
Swan Theatre, The, 15, 16, 17, 21, 23, 24, 27
Suffolk House. _See_ Northumberland House
Sutton-at-Hone, 178
Swingfield, 178
Symonds, John, 80, 84, 85, 89, 150
T.
Tavistock, 110
Templars, The, 167
Temple Bar, 182
Temple Church, The, 168, 228
Temple, The Middle, 132, 168, 182
Theatres, Elizabethan, 13–28, 262, 263
Thorpe, John, 50, 51, 60, 63, 65, 80, 81, 85, 89, 92, 94, 99
Thurnham Hall, 108
Tiptoft, John (Earl of Worcester), 258
Titchfield Abbey, 108
Tombs, 42
Torrington, 83
Toto dell’ Nunziata, 6
Touchet, James, Lord Audley, 258
Tower of London, The, 29–45, 70, 181
Beauchamp Tower, 41
Bell Tower, 35, 37, 41
Bloody Tower, 38, 41
Bowyer Tower, 37
Brass Mount, 38
Brick Tower, 37
Broad Arrow Tower, 42
Bulwark Gate, 38
Byward Tower, 38, 41
Chapel of St. Peter ad Vincula, 42
Coldharbour, 35, 38
Constable Tower, 37
Cradle Tower, 41
Develin Tower, 38
Devereux Tower, 37, 41
Flint Tower, 37
Great Armoury, 42
Horse Armoury, 42
Irongate, 38
King’s House, 41
Lanthome Tower, 32, 35
Legge’s Mount, 38
Lion Gate, 38
Lion’s Tower, 38
Martin Tower, 37, 41
Middle Tower, 35, 38, 41
St. John’s Chapel, 36
St. Thomas’ Tower (Traitor’s Gate), 38, 41
Salt Tower, 37, 41, 42
Wakefield Tower, 32, 35, 38
Wardrobe Tower, 32, 35
Well Tower, 41
White Tower (Keep), 32, 36, 38
Tower Wharf, 38
Twynham, Christchurch Castle, 70, 73, 74, 145
Tyler, Wat, 171
V.
Van Buchell, 15, 24
Vasari, 6
Vertue, 190
Vienna, 31
Villiers, Dukes of Buckingham, 96, 183
Visscher, 16, 17
W.
Wale, S., 193
Walpole, Horace, 189, 190
Walsingham (Friary), 247
Warkworth, 73
Warnford, 73
Warrington, Austin Friars, 243
Warwick, Guild Chapel, 228
Leicester’s Hospital, 226, 228
Waverley Abbey, 71
Weekley Hospital, 229
Wegener, Dr., 24
Well Hall, Eltham, 91
Wells, St. Saviour’s Hospital, 225
Vicar’s Close, 225
Westminster Abbey, 260
Henry VII.’s Chapel, 3
Royal Palace, 141, 150, 182
Weston, Prior, 177
Whalley (Lancs.), 114
Wharton, Thomas, Lord, 102
Whitefriars, The, 263–267
Whitehall Palace, 49, 183
Whitelocke, Sir Bulstrode, 96
Whitgift Hospital, Croydon, 229, 230, 233
John, 230, 233
Wilkinson, 184
Willement, 138
Wilton Abbey, 200
William III., 42
Wilson, Sir Thomas, 160
Winchelsea (Grey Friars), 246, 253
Winchester, 248
Castle, 73, 145
Cathedral, 208, 271
St. Cross, 225
Windsor Castle, 141, 142, 271
Wokingham, Lucas’s Hospital, 236
Wolsey, Cardinal, 262
Wolvesley Castle, 70, 73, 74, 145
Worcester Cathedral, 113, 212
College (Drawings at), 184
Bishop of, 182
Henry, Marquis of. _See_ Beaufort
Wren, Sir Christopher, 11, 36, 42, 237
Wressle, 274
Wriothesley, Thomas, Earl of Southampton, 201
Wulfhilda, 199, 200, 208, 209
Wykeham, William of, 271, 272
Wyngaerde, 159, 258, 265
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Some hyphens in words have been silently removed, some added, when a
predominant preference was found in the original book.
Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected
after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and
consultation of external sources.
Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, and
inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained.
Pg vi: ‘Archælogia’ replaced with ‘Archæologia’
xi: ‘Beamesley’ replaced with ‘Beamsley’
200: ‘Souvaigne’ replaced with ‘Souvraigne’
258: ‘Ingoldsthorp’ replaced with ‘Ingoldsthorpe’