[Illustration: Book Cover]
[Illustration: MAP OF CENTRAL AFRICA]
[Illustration]
THE BOY TRAVELLERS ON
THE CONGO
ADVENTURES OF TWO YOUTHS IN A JOURNEY WITH
HENRY M. STANLEY
"THROUGH THE DARK CONTINENT"
By THOMAS W. KNOX
AUTHOR OF
"THE BOY TRAVELLERS IN THE FAR EAST" "IN SOUTH AMERICA" AND "IN RUSSIA"
"THE YOUNG NIMRODS" "THE VOYAGE OF THE 'VIVIAN'" ETC.
Illustrated
NEW YORK
HARPER & BROTHERS, FRANKLIN SQUARE
1888
By THOMAS W. KNOX.
* * * * *
THE BOY TRAVELLERS IN THE FAR EAST. Five Volumes. Copiously Illustrated.
8vo, Cloth, $3.00 each. The volumes sold separately. Each volume
complete in itself.
I. ADVENTURES OF TWO YOUTHS IN A JOURNEY TO JAPAN AND CHINA.
II. ADVENTURES OF TWO YOUTHS IN A JOURNEY TO SIAM AND JAVA. With
Descriptions of Cochin China, Cambodia, Sumatra, and the Malay
Archipelago.
III. ADVENTURES OF TWO YOUTHS IN A JOURNEY TO CEYLON AND INDIA. With
Descriptions of Borneo, the Philippine Islands, and Burmah.
IV. ADVENTURES OF TWO YOUTHS IN A JOURNEY TO EGYPT AND PALESTINE.
V. ADVENTURES OF TWO YOUTHS IN A JOURNEY THROUGH AFRICA.
THE BOY TRAVELLERS IN SOUTH AMERICA. Adventures of Two Youths in a
Journey through Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentine
Republic, and Chili; with Descriptions of Patagonia and Tierra del
Fuego, and Voyages upon the Amazon and La Plata Rivers. Copiously
Illustrated. 8vo, Cloth, $3.00.
THE BOY TRAVELLERS IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE. Adventures of Two Youths in a
Journey in European and Asiatic Russia, with Accounts of a Tour across
Siberia, Voyages on the Amoor, Volga, and other Rivers, a Visit to
Central Asia, Travels Among the Exiles, and a Historical Sketch of the
Empire from its Foundation to the Present Time. Copiously Illustrated.
8vo, Cloth, $3.00.
THE BOY TRAVELLERS ON THE CONGO. Adventures of Two Youths in a Journey
with Henry M. Stanley "Through the Dark Continent." Copiously
Illustrated. 8vo, Cloth, $3.00.
THE VOYAGE OF THE "VIVIAN" TO THE NORTH POLE AND BEYOND. Adventures of
Two Youths in the Open Polar Sea. Copiously Illustrated. 8vo, Cloth,
$2.50.
HUNTING ADVENTURES ON LAND AND SEA. Two Volumes. Copiously Illustrated.
8vo, Cloth, $2.50 each. The volumes sold separately. Each volume
complete in itself.
I. THE YOUNG NIMRODS IN NORTH AMERICA.
II. THE YOUNG NIMRODS AROUND THE WORLD.
* * * * *
PUBLISHED BY HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK.
_Any of the above volumes sent by mail, postage prepaid, to any part of
the United States or Canada, on receipt of the price._
* * * * *
Copyright, 1887, by HARPER & BROTHERS.--_All rights reserved._
PREFACE
As indicated on the title-page, "The Boy Travellers on the Congo" is
condensed from that remarkable narrative, "Through the Dark Continent,"
by one of the most famous explorers that the century has produced. The
origin of the present volume is sufficiently explained in the following
letter:
"EVERETT HOUSE, NEW YORK, _December_ 1, 1886.
"MY DEAR COLONEL KNOX,--It is a gift to be able to write to
interest boys, and no one who has read your several volumes in the
'Boy Traveller' series can doubt that you possess this gift to an
eminent degree. While reading those interesting and valuable books
of yours, I have regretted that they were not issued in the time of
my own youth, so that I might have enjoyed as a boy the treat of
their perusal. Now, the Harpers desire a condensation of my two
volumes, 'Through the Dark Continent,' to be made for young folks,
but I have neither the time, nor the experience in juvenile
writing, for performing the work. I suggest that you shall produce
a volume for your series of 'Boy Travellers,' and assure you that
it would delight me greatly to have you take your boys, who have
followed you through so many lands, on the journey that I made from
Zanzibar to the mouth of the Congo.
"There is too much in my work in its present form for their mental
digestion; but, narrated in that chaste and forcible style which
has proved so entertaining to them, they would certainly find the
journey through Africa of exceeding interest when made in your
company. By all means take Frank and Fred to the wilds of Africa;
let them sail the equatorial lakes, travel through Uganda, Unyoro,
and other countries ruled by dark-skinned monarchs, descend the
magnificent and perilous Congo, see the strange tribes and people
of that wonderful land, and repeat the adventures and discoveries
that made my journey so eventful. You have my full permission, my
dear friend, to use the material in any way you deem proper in
adapting it to the requirements of the 'Boy Travellers.'
"Sincerely yours, as always,
HENRY M. STANLEY.
"TO COLONEL THOS. W. KNOX."
The preparation of this book has been a double pleasure--first, to
comply with the wishes of an old friend, and secondly, to carry the boys
and girls of the present day to the wonderful region that, until very
recently, was practically unknown. I have the fullest confidence that
they will greatly enjoy the journey across equatorial Africa from the
eastern to the western sea, and eagerly peruse every line of Mr.
Stanley's narrative of discovery and adventure.
The portrait of Mr. Stanley is from a photograph taken early in 1886.
The maps on the inside of the covers were specially drawn for this work,
and the publishers, with their customary liberality, have allowed the
use of wood-cuts selected from several volumes of African travel and
exploration, in addition to those which originally appeared in "Through
the Dark Continent."
In the hope that "The Boy Travellers on the Congo" will be as cordially
received as were its predecessors in the series, the work is herewith
submitted to press and public for perusal and comment.
T. W. K.
NEW YORK, _May_, 1887.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I.
CROSSING THE ATLANTIC OCEAN WITH STANLEY.--"THROUGH THE DARK
CONTINENT."--AN IMPROMPTU GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.--PERSONAL
APPEARANCE OF STANLEY.--COMMENTS UPON HIM BY FRANK AND
FRED.--HOW THE GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY WAS ORGANIZED.--READING
STANLEY'S BOOK.--STANLEY'S DEPARTURE FROM ENGLAND FOR
ZANZIBAR.--JOINT ENTERPRISE OF TWO NEWSPAPERS.--PREPARATIONS
FOR THE EXPEDITION.--THE "LADY ALICE."--BARKER AND THE
POCOCKS.--ZANZIBAR.--PRINCE BARGHASH.--INHABITANTS OF
ZANZIBAR.--THE WANGWANA. Page 13
CHAPTER II.
TRANSPORTATION IN AFRICA.--MEN AS BEASTS OF BURDEN.--PORTERS,
AND THEIR PECULIARITIES.--ENGAGING MEN FOR THE EXPEDITION.--A
"SHAURI."--TROUBLES WITH THE "LADY ALICE."--AGREEMENT BETWEEN
STANLEY AND HIS MEN.--DEPARTURE FROM ZANZIBAR.--BAGAMOYO.--THE
UNIVERSITIES MISSION.--DEPARTURE OF THE EXPEDITION.--DIFFICULTIES
WITH THE PORTERS.--SUFFERINGS ON THE MARCH.--NATIVE SUSPENSION
BRIDGES.--SHOOTING A ZEBRA.--LOSSES BY DESERTION. 32
CHAPTER III.
RETARDED BY RAINS AND OTHER MISHAPS.--GENERAL DESPONDENCY.--DEATH
OF EDWARD POCOCK.--A CHANGE FOR THE BETTER.--A LAND OF
PLENTY.--ARRIVAL AT VICTORIA LAKE.--NATIVE SONG.--AFLOAT ON THE
GREAT LAKE.--TERRIBLE TALES OF THE INHABITANTS.--ENCOUNTERS WITH
THE NATIVES.--THE VICTORIA NILE.--RIPON FALLS.--SPEKE'S
EXPLORATIONS.--THE ALEXANDRA NILE.--ARRIVAL AT KING MTESA'S
COURT.--A MAGNIFICENT RECEPTION.--IN THE MONARCH'S
PRESENCE.--STANLEY'S FIRST OPINIONS OF MTESA. 53
CHAPTER IV.
PERSONAL APPEARANCE OF KING MTESA.--HIS RECEPTION OF MR.
STANLEY.--A NAVAL REVIEW.--STANLEY'S MARKSMANSHIP.--THE KING'S
PALACE.--RUBAGA, THE KING'S CAPITAL.--RECEPTION AT THE
PALACE.--MEETING COLONEL LINANT DE BELLEFONDS.--CONVERTING MTESA
TO CHRISTIANITY.--APPEAL FOR MISSIONARIES TO BE SENT TO
MTESA.--DEPARTURE FOR USUKUMA.--FIGHT WITH THE NATIVES AT BUMBIREH
ISLAND.--SUFFERINGS OF STANLEY AND HIS COMPANIONS ON LAKE
VICTORIA.--A NARROW ESCAPE.--RETURN TO KAGEHYI.--DEATH OF FRED
BARKER.--EMBARKING THE EXPEDITION.--KING LUKONGEH AND HIS PEOPLE. 76
CHAPTER V.
DEPARTURE FOR REFUGE ISLAND.--ARRIVAL IN UGANDA.--MTESA AT
WAR.--STANLEY JOINS HIM AT RIPON FALLS.--A NAVAL BATTLE ON AN
AFRICAN LAKE.--THE WAGANDA REPULSED.--CAPTURE OF A WAVUMA
CHIEF.--STANLEY SAVES THE CHIEF'S LIFE.--HOW STANLEY BROUGHT THE
WAR TO AN END.--HIS WONDERFUL MACHINE FOR DESTROYING THE
WAVUMA.--RETIREMENT OF THE ARMY.--STANLEY'S RETURN TO HIS
CAMP.--EXPEDITION TO MUTA NZEGE.--HOW IT FAILED.--THE EXPEDITION
MARCHES SOUTHWARD.--IN KING RUMANIKA'S COUNTRY.--ARAB TRADERS IN
AFRICA.--HAMED IBRAHIM.--KAFURRO AND LAKE WINDERMERE.--INTERVIEWS
WITH KING RUMANIKA.--EXPLORING LAKE WINDERMERE.--AN UNHAPPY
NIGHT.--IHEMA ISLAND. 102
CHAPTER VI.
STANLEY TELLS ABOUT KING RUMANIKA.--THE KARAGWÉ GEOGRAPHICAL
SOCIETY.--THE KING'S TREASURE-HOUSE.--GOOD-BYE TO HIS
MAJESTY.--HOSTILITY BETWEEN ELEPHANT AND RHINOCEROS.--PLUNDERED
IN USUI.--THE SOURCES OF THE ALEXANDRA NILE.--RETROSPECTION.--
QUESTIONS OF TOPOGRAPHY.--INSOLENCE OF MANKORONGO.--DEATH OF
"BULL."--TROUBLES WITH THE PETTY KINGS.--INTERVIEW WITH THE
FAMOUS MIRAMBO.--GENERAL APPEARANCE OF THE RENOWNED
AFRICAN.--AN IMPOSING CEREMONY.--BLOOD-BROTHERHOOD.--HOW
GRANT'S CARAVAN WAS PLUNDERED.--MYONGA'S THREATS.--A
COMPROMISE.--AMONG THE WATUTA.--IN SIGHT OF LAKE TANGANIKA.--
ARRIVAL AT UJIJI. 124
CHAPTER VII.
MR. STANLEY TAKES THE CHAIR.--DESCRIPTION OF UJIJI.--THE ARAB
AND OTHER INHABITANTS.--MARKET SCENES.--LOCAL CURRENCY.--THE
WAJIJI.--LAKE TANGANIKA.--STANLEY'S VOYAGE ON THE LAKE.--RISING
OF THE WATERS.--THE LEGEND OF THE WELL.--HOW THE LAKE WAS
FORMED.--DEPARTURE OF THE EXPEDITION.--SCENERY OF THE COAST.--
MOUNTAINS WHERE THE SPIRITS DWELL.--SEEKING THE OUTLET OF THE
LAKE.--THE LUKUGA RIVER.--EXPERIMENTS TO FIND A CURRENT.--CURIOUS
HEAD-DRESSES.--RETURN TO UJIJI.--LENGTH AND EXTENT OF LAKE
TANGANIKA. 152
CHAPTER VIII.
STANLEY CONTINUES THE READING.--BAD NEWS AT UJIJI.--SMALL-POX
AND ITS RAVAGES.--DESERTIONS BY WHOLESALE.--DEPARTURE OF THE
EXPEDITION.--CROSSING LAKE TANGANIKA.--TRAVELLERS' TROUBLES.--
TERRIFYING RUMORS.--PEOPLE WEST OF THE LAKE.--SINGULAR
HEAD-DRESSES--CANNIBALISM.--DESCRIPTION OF AN AFRICAN
VILLAGE.--APPEARANCE OF THE INHABITANTS.--IN MANYEMA.--STORY
ABOUT LIVINGSTONE.--MANYEMA HOUSES.--DONKEYS AS CURIOSITIES.--
KITETÉ AND HIS BEARD.--THE LUAMA AND THE LUALABA.--ON THE BANKS
OF THE LIVINGSTONE. 174
CHAPTER IX.
DIFFICULTIES OF LIVINGSTONE AND CAMERON WITH THEIR
FOLLOWERS.--PERSONAL APPEARANCE OF TIPPU-TIB.--NEGOTIATIONS
FOR AN ESCORT.--TIPPU-TIB ARRANGES TO GO WITH STANLEY.--THE
WONDERS OF UREGGA.--GORILLAS AND BOA-CONSTRICTORS.--THEIR
REMARKABLE PERFORMANCES.--A NATION OF DWARFS.--HOW STANLEY
DECIDED WHAT ROUTE TO FOLLOW.--HEADS OR TAILS?--"SHALL IT BE
SOUTH OR NORTH?"--SIGNING THE CONTRACT WITH TIPPU-TIB.--A
REMARKABLE ACCIDENT.--ENTERING NYANGWÉ.--LOCATION AND
IMPORTANCE OF THE PLACE.--ITS ARAB RESIDENTS.--MARKET SCENES
AT NYANGWÉ.--READY FOR THE START. 201
CHAPTER X.
DEPARTURE FROM NYANGWÉ.--THE DARK UNKNOWN.--IN THE PRIMEVAL
FOREST.--AN AFRICAN WILDERNESS.--SAVAGE FURNITURE.--TIPPU-TIB'S
DEPENDANTS.--A TOILSOME MARCH.--THE DENSE JUNGLE.--A DEMORALIZED
COLUMN.--AFRICAN WEAPONS.--A VILLAGE BLACKSMITH.--SKULLS OF
SOKOS.--STANLEY'S LAST PAIR OF SHOES.--SNAKES IN THE WAY.--THE
TERRIBLE UNDERGROWTH.--NATIVES OF UREGGA AND THEIR
CHARACTERISTICS.--SKULLS AS STREET ORNAMENTS.--AMONG THE
CANNIBALS.--ON THE RIVER'S BANK.--A SUDDEN INSPIRATION.--THE
TRUE ROAD TO THE SEA.--TIPPU-TIB'S DISCOURAGEMENTS.--ENCOUNTERING
THE NATIVES.--SUCCESSFUL NEGOTIATIONS.--THE EXPEDITION FERRIED
OVER THE RIVER.--CAMPING IN THE WENYA. 221
CHAPTER XI.
HOW STANLEY OBTAINED CANOES.--THE PEOPLE OF UKUSU.--THEIR
HOSTILITY.--A FIGHT AND TERMS OF PEACE.--SEPARATION FROM
TIPPU-TIB.--DEPARTURE "TOWARDS THE UNKNOWN."--A SAD FAREWELL.--
AMONG THE VINYA-NARA.--THE NATIVES AT STANLEY FALLS.--A FIERCE
BATTLE.--DEFENDING A STOCKADE.--BOATS CAPSIZED IN A TEMPEST AND
MEN DROWNED.--BEGINNING OF THE NEW YEAR.--A BATTLE ON THE
WATER.--MONSTER CANOES.--AMONG THE MWANA NTABA.--THE NATIVES ARE
DEFEATED.--FIRST CATARACT OF STANLEY FALLS.--CAMPED IN A
FORTIFICATION. 243
CHAPTER XII.
ATTACKED BY THE COMBINED FORCES OF THE MWANA NTABA AND BASWA
TRIBES.--THEY ARE REPULSED.--EXPLORING THE FIRST CATARACT.--
CARRYING AND DRAGGING THE BOATS THROUGH THE FOREST AND AROUND
THE FALLS.--AN ISLAND CAMP.--NATIVE WEAPONS AND UTENSILS.--
ANOTHER BATTLE.--HOW ZAIDI WAS SAVED FROM A PERILOUS POSITION.--
CAUGHT IN A NET.--HOW THE NET WAS BROKEN.--FISHES IN THE GREAT
RIVER.--HOW THE OTHER CATARACTS WERE PASSED.--AFLOAT ON SMOOTH
WATER.--A HOSTILE VILLAGE.--ANOTHER BATTLE.--ATTACKED BY A LARGE
FLOTILLA.--A MONSTER BOAT.--A TEMPLE OF IVORY.--NO MARKET FOR
ELEPHANTS' TUSKS.--EVIDENCES OF CANNIBALISM.--FRIENDLY NATIVES
OF RUBUNGA.--PORTUGUESE MUSKETS IN THE HANDS OF THE NATIVES. 259
CHAPTER XIII.
IN URANGI.--A NOISY RECEPTION.--WONDERFUL HEAD-DRESSES.--A
TREACHEROUS ATTACK.--ANIMAL LIFE ALONG THE RIVER.--BIRDS AND
BEASTS OF THE GREAT STREAM.--A BATTLE WITH THE BANGALA.--
FIRE-ARMS IN THE HANDS OF THE NATIVES.--THE SAVAGES, ALTHOUGH IN
SUPERIOR NUMBERS, ARE REPULSED.--HIGH WINDS AND STORMS.--EFFECT
OF THE CLIMATE ON MR. STANLEY'S HEALTH.--A GREAT TRIBUTARY
RIVER.--FRIENDLY PEOPLE OF IKENGO.--PROVISIONS IN ABUNDANCE.--
ISLANDS IN THE RIVER.--DEATH OF AMINA.--A MOURNFUL SCENE.--THE
LEVY HILLS.--HIPPOPOTAMUS CREEK.--BOLOBO.--THE KING OF
CHUMBIRI.--A CRAFTY POTENTATE.--HIS DRESS, PIPE, WIVES, AND
SONS.--INCONVENIENT COLLARS.--CURIOUS CUSTOMS. 277
CHAPTER XIV.
TREACHERY OF THE KING'S SONS.--THE GREATEST RASCAL OF AFRICA.--A
PYTHON IN CAMP.--STANLEY POOL.--DOVER CLIFFS.--MANKONEH.--FIRST
SOUND OF THE FALLS.--BARGAINING FOR FOOD.--LOSS OF THE BIG
GOAT.--EXCHANGING CHARMS.--FALL OF THE CONGO FROM NYANGWÉ TO
STANLEY POOL.--GOING AROUND THE GREAT FALL.--DRAGGING THE BOATS
OVERLAND.--GORDON-BENNET RIVER.--"THE CALDRON."--LOSS OF THE
"LONDON TOWN."--POOR KALULU.--HIS DEATH IN THE RIVER.--LOSS OF
MEN BY DROWNING.--SAD SCENES IN CAMP. 300
CHAPTER XV.
THE FRIENDLY BATEKÉ.--GREAT SNAKES.--SOUDI'S STRANGE ADVENTURES.--
CAPTURED BY HOSTILE NATIVES.--DESCENDING RAPIDS AND FALLS.--LOSS
OF A CANOE.--"WHIRLPOOL RAPIDS."--THE "LADY ALICE" IN PERIL.--
GAVUBU'S COVE.--"LADY ALICE" RAPIDS.--A PERILOUS DESCENT.--ALARM
OF STANLEY'S PEOPLE.--TRIBUTARY STREAMS.--PANIC AMONG THE
CANOE-MEN.--NATIVE VILLAGES.--INKISI FALLS.--TUCKEY'S CATARACT.--
A ROAD OVER A MOUNTAIN.--AMONG THE BABWENDÉ.--AFRICAN MARKETS.--
TRADING AMONG THE TRIBES.--SHOELESS TRAVELLERS.--EXPERIMENTS IN
COOKING.--LIMITED STOCK OF PROVISIONS.--CENTRAL AFRICAN ANTS.--
"JIGGAS."--DANGERS OF UNPROTECTED FEET. 317
CHAPTER XVI.
A DISAPPOINTMENT.--NOT TUCKEY'S FURTHEST.--BUILDING NEW CANOES.--
THE "LIVINGSTONE," "STANLEY," AND "JASON."--FALLS BELOW INKISI.--
FRANK POCOCK DROWNED.--STANLEY'S GRIEF.--"IN MEMORIAM."--MUTINY
IN CAMP.--HOW IT WAS QUELLED.--LOSS OF THE "LIVINGSTONE."--THE
CHIEF CARPENTER DROWNED.--ISANGILA CATARACT.--TUCKEY'S SECOND
SANGALLA.--ABANDONING THE BOATS.--OVERLAND TO BOMA.--THE
EXPEDITION STARVING.--A LETTER ASKING HELP.--VOLUNTEER COURIERS.--
DELAYS AT STARTING.--VAIN EFFORTS TO BUY FOOD.--A DREARY MARCH.--
SUFFERINGS OF STANLEY'S PEOPLE.--THE LEADER'S ANXIETY. 335
CHAPTER XVII.
THE WEARY MARCH RESUMED.--RETURN OF THE MESSENGERS.--ARRIVAL OF
RELIEF.--SCENE IN CAMP.--DISTRIBUTION OF PROVISIONS.--THE SONG OF
JOY.--A WELCOME LETTER.--"ENOUGH NOW: FALL TO."--PERSONAL
LUXURIES FOR THE LEADER.--"PALE ALE! SHERRY! PORT WINE! CHAMPAGNE!
TEA! COFFEE! WHITE SUGAR! WHEATEN BREAD!"--STANLEY'S REPLY TO THE
GENEROUS STRANGERS.--SUMMARY PUNISHMENT FOR THEFT.--GREETING
CIVILIZATION.--RECEPTION BY WHITE MEN.--THE FREEDOM OF BOMA.--
LIFTED INTO THE HAMMOCK.--CHARACTERISTICS OF BOMA.--A BANQUET AND
FAREWELL.--PONTA DA LENHA.--OUT ON THE OCEAN.--ADIEU TO THE CONGO. 351
CHAPTER XVIII.
ARRIVAL AT KABINDA.--WEST AFRICAN MERCHANTS.--DEATH AMONG THE
WANGWANA.--ILLNESS AMONG THE PEOPLE OF THE EXPEDITION.--STANLEY'S
ANXIETY FOR HIS FOLLOWERS.--THEIR FAILING HEALTH.--ENCOURAGING
THEM WITH WORDS AND KIND TREATMENT.--THE BANE OF IDLENESS.--
LEAVING KABINDA.--SAN PAULO DE LOANDA.--KINDNESS OF THE PORTUGUESE
OFFICIALS.--H. B. MAJESTY'S SHIP "INDUSTRY."--CARRIED TO THE CAPE
OF GOOD HOPE.--THE WANGWANA SEE A "FIRE-CARRIAGE."--TO NATAL AND
ZANZIBAR.--RECEPTION.--DISBANDING THE EXPEDITION.--AFFECTING
SCENES.--STANLEY'S TRIBUTE TO HIS FOLLOWERS. 365
CHAPTER XIX.
THE LAST MEETING ON BOARD THE "EIDER."--FOUNDING THE FREE STATE OF
CONGO.--MR. STANLEY'S LATER WORK ON THE GREAT RIVER.--BUILDING
ROADS AND ESTABLISHING STATIONS.--MAKING PEACE WITH THE NATIVES.--
BULA MATARI.--RESOURCES OF THE CONGO VALLEY.--STANLEY'S LATEST
BOOK.--STEAMERS ON THE RIVER.--THE CONGO RAILWAY.--STANLEY'S
PRESENT MISSION IN AFRICA.--EMIN PASHA AND HIS WORK.--HOW STANLEY
PROPOSES TO RELIEVE HIM.--DR. SCHNITZLER.--BEY OR PASHA?--MWANGA,
KING OF UGANDA.--HIS HOSTILITY TO WHITE MEN.--KILLING BISHOP
HANNINGTON.--THE EGYPTIAN EQUATORIAL PROVINCE.--LETTER FROM
STANLEY.--HIS PLANS FOR THE RELIEF EXPEDITION.--TIPPU-TIB AND HIS
MEN.--FROM ZANZIBAR TO THE CONGO. 381
CHAPTER XX.
MORE AFRICAN STUDIES.--MASAI LAND.--EARLY HISTORY OF THE MOMBASA
COAST.--MOUNT KILIMANJARO.--ITS DISCOVERERS AND EXPLORERS.--
REBMANN'S UMBRELLA.--THOMSON'S EXPEDITION AND ITS OBJECT.--FRERE
TOWN AND MOMBASA.--JOURNEY TO MASAI LAND.--HOSTILITY OF THE
NATIVES.--NARROW ESCAPES.--MASAI WARRIORS AND THEIR OCCUPATIONS.--
MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF THE PEOPLE.--THOMSON AS A MAGICIAN.--
JOHNSTON'S KILIMANJARO EXPEDITION.--HEIGHT AND PECULIARITIES OF
THE GREAT MOUNTAIN.--MANDARA AND HIS COURT.--SLAVE-TRADING.--MASAI
WOMEN.--SURROUNDED BY LIONS.--BISHOP HANNINGTON.--STORY OF HIS
DEATH IN UGANDA. 410
CHAPTER XXI.
STANLEY'S HUNTING ADVENTURES.--AFRICA THE FIELD FOR THE
SPORTSMAN.--HUNTING IN SOUTH AFRICA.--NIGHT-SHOOTING AT
WATER-HOLES AND SPRINGS.--ABUNDANCE OF GAME.--DANGER OF THIS KIND
OF SPORT.--LIONS AND ELEPHANTS.--MAN-EATING LIONS.--IN THE JAWS
OF A LION.--DR. LIVINGSTONE'S NARROW ESCAPE.--THE HOPO, OR
GAME-TRAP ON A LARGE SCALE.--DU CHAILLU AND HIS ADVENTURES.--
SHOOTING THE GORILLA.--RESEMBLANCE OF THE GORILLA TO MAN.--
PRODIGIOUS STRENGTH OF THE GORILLA.--HOW HE IS HUNTED.--THE END. 442
ILLUSTRATIONS.
A Scene on the Congo _Frontispiece._
Map of Africa showing Route from Zanzibar to Boma _Front Cover._
Map of Emin Pasha's Province and the Congo Routes _Back Cover._
Portrait of Henry M. Stanley 12
Sandy Hook from Navesink Light-house 13
Stanley in Abyssinia 15
Musicians of the Dark Continent 16
Village where Dr. Livingstone Died 18
James Gordon Bennett 19
The _Lady Alice_, in Sections 20
Candidates for Service with Stanley 21
View of a Portion of the Sea-front of Zanzibar, from the Water
Battery to Shangani Point 23
Zanzibar, from the Sea 23
Red Cliffs behind Universities Mission, Zanzibar 24
View from the Roof of Mr. Augustus Sparhawk's House 25
The British Consulate at Zanzibar 26
Seyyid Barghash 27
A Zanzibar Nurse-maid 28
Lady of Zanzibar Reading an Arabic Manuscript 29
Native Water-carrier, Zanzibar 30
Hindoo Merchant of Zanzibar 31
Negro Nurse-maid, Zanzibar 33
A Zanzibar Bride 34
Window of an Arab House, Zanzibar 35
Coxswain Uledi, and Manwa Sera, Chief Captain 36
A Merchant of Zanzibar 37
Tarya Topan 39
Universities Mission at Mbwenni, Zanzibar 40
Harem in the House of the Secretary of the Sultan of Zanzibar 41
"Towards the Dark Continent." 42
Scene in Bagamoyo 43
Wife of Manwa Sera 45
A Leading Citizen of Bagamoyo 46
The Expedition at Rosako 47
View from the Village of Mamboya 49
Our Camp at Mpwapwa 50
Detective and Assistants 51
An African Belle 52
An African Blacksmith's-shop 53
Funeral of Edward Pocock: View of Our Camp 55
In Memoriam of Edward Pocock 56
An African Lamb 56
Unyamwezi Porter 57
View of Kagehyi from the Edge of the Lake 59
Frank Pocock 60
African Arms and Ornaments 61
View near Victoria Lake 62
Dwellers on the Shore of the Lake 63
The _Lady Alice_ at Bridge Island, Victoria Nyanza 64
View of the Bay leading to Rugedzi Channel from Kigoma, near
Kisorya, South Side of Ukerewé, Coast of Speke Gulf 65
View of Ripon Falls from the Uganda Side 67
Dressed for Cold Weather 68
The Victoria Nile, North of Ripon Falls, Rushing towards Unyoro,
from the Usoga Side of the Falls 69
Reception by King Mtesa's Body-guard at Usavara 71
Waiting Orders 72
Sekebobo, Chief of Chagwé. Mtesa, the Emperor of Uganda.
Chambarango, the Chief. Pokino, the Prime-minister. Other
Chiefs. 73
Dwarf at the King's Court 74
The King's Dinner-dish 76
Fish found in Lake Victoria 78
Rubaga, the Capital of the King of Uganda 79
Fleet of the King of Uganda, Ready for War 81
Audience-hall of the Palace at Rubaga 82
Wooden Kettle-drum 83
African Hatchet, Spade, and Adze 83
Head of a "Madoqua"--Species of Antelope 85
Shugrangu House, an African Mission Station, with Grave of Mrs.
Livingstone 87
Warriors of the Upper Nile Region 89
Reception at Bumbireh Island, Victoria Nyanza 91
Hut and Granary on the Island 93
A Woman of the Island 94
Village Enclosing Cattle 95
Heads of Spears 96
Central African Goat 97
Cairn Erected to the Memory of Frederick Barker: Majita and Ururi
Mountains in the Distance, across Speke Gulf 98
At the Landing-place of Msossi, King Lukongeh's Capital 99
Store-house for Grain 99
Wakerewé Stool 100
Wakerewé Dwelling-house 100
Fish-nets 100
Wakerewé Canoes 100
Wakerewé Warrior 100
Strange Granite Rocks of Wezi Island, Midway between Usukuma and
Ukerewé 101
Usukuma Canoe 102
Island called Elephant Rock 103
Mtesa's Camp, Ingira 104
One of the Great Naval Battles between the Waganda and the Wavuma,
in the Channel between Ingira Island and Cape Nakaranga 105
Small Canoe 106
View of Country near Mtesa's Camp 106
The Floating Fortlet Moving towards Ingira 107
Uganda War Canoe 109
Wangwana Hut in Camp. Hut at Jinja 110
Head of Central African Hartebeest 110
The Camp of the Expedition 111
Mount Edwin Arnold 112
Marching towards Muta Nzege: Mount Gordon-Bennett in the Distance 113
Grass-roofed Hut, Unyoro 114
Native Hut, Karagwé 114
View near Kafurro 115
Central African Antelope, Karagwé 116
View of Ufumbiro Mountains from Mount near Mtagata Hot Springs 117
Rumanika's Treasure-house 118
A Spearman of Karagwé 119
Mountain Scene in Karagwé 119
Boat on Lake Windermere 120
Kagera Skiff 121
Native Woman of Fashion 121
Ihema Hut 122
A Native of Uhha 122
Boat of Lake Ihema 122
Hut of Uganda 123
Small Tembé of Ugogo 123
House of an Arab Merchant near Rumanika's Village 124
On the Way to the Meeting 125
Ground-plan of King's House 126
Treasure-house, Arms, and Treasures of Rumanika 127
The Expedition Traversing the Valley 129
Pottery in Usui 130
A Village in Western Usui 132
Camp of an Arab Merchant 133
"Bull." 135
A Hut and its Frame 136
View in the Interior of an African Village 137
Serombo Huts 138
War-Drum and Idol 139
A "Ruga-Ruga," one of Mirambo's Patriots 139
Hillside House in Mirambo's Country 140
Unyamwezi Chief and his Wife 141
Shield and Drum 142
Color-party of an English Expedition in Africa 143
Mountains along the Route of the Expedition 145
Fashionable Hair-dressing 147
One of the Watuta 148
Bow, Spears, Hatchets, and Arrow-Heads 149
Idols Sheltered from the Rain 150
Arab House near Ujiji 150
Whistle, Pillow, and Hatchet 151
Head of Uguhha Woman 152
Ujiji, looking North from the Market-place, Viewed from the Roof
of our Tembé at Ujiji 153
Arab Dhow at Ujiji 154
A Native of Rua, who was a Visitor at Ujiji 155
Dress and Tattooing of a Native of Uguhha 156
Charms Worn by the Wajiji 157
A River Ferry-boat 158
Heads of Natives 158
The Wazaramo Tribe 159
Rawlinson Mountains 161
Head-dress and Hatchet 162
Brother Rocks 163
The Extreme Southern Reach of Lake Tanganika 164
Mtombwa 165
Kungwé Peaks 166
The "High Places" of the Spirit Mtombwa: View of Mtombwa Urungu 167
Mount Murumbi, near Lukuga Creek 168
Ubujwé Head-dress 170
Uguha Head-dress 170
Village Scene.--Dwellings and Grain-houses 171
A Woman of Uguha 172
Uhyeya Head-dress 172
Spirit Island, Lake Tanganika 172
Sketch Near Ujiji 173
In Council: The Courtyard of Our Tembé at Ujiji 175
Central African Goat 176
M'Sehazy Haven and Camp, at the Mouth of M'Sehazy River 177
Huts and Store-house 179
Sub-Chief, West of Lake Tanganika 180
Heads of Men of Manyema 181
Natives of Ubujwé 181
A Native of Uhyeya 182
One of the Wahyeya of Uhombo. (Back View) 182
A Valley among the Hills 183
Going a-fishing 184
Village Forge and Idol 185
Ready for Fighting 186
African Owls 188
A Village in Manyema 189
A Youth of East Manyema 190
A Manyema Adult 190
The Valley of Mabaro 191
A Young Woman of East Manyema 192
Village Scene in Southeast Manyema 193
House of an Arab Merchant 195
House of a Manyema Chief 196
Kiteté, The Chief of Mpungu 198
Village near Kabungwé 199
Native Houses at Mtuyu 200
Ants'-nest in Manyema 200
Hill and Village on the Road to Nyangwé 201
Waiting to be Photographed 203
A Young "Soko" (Gorilla) 204
Blacksmiths at Work 205
Native Trap for Game 206
Canoes on the River 207
"Heads for the North and the Lualaba; Tails for the South and
Katanga." 208
A Follower of Tippu-Tib 209
A Canoe of the Wenya, or Wagenya, Fishermen 210
Pot-pourri 211
View in Nyangwé 212
A Bowman 213
Camp Scene 214
Escort of Gunners and Spearmen 215
Slave Offered in the Market 217
Nyangwé Heads 217
Nyangwé Pottery 218
Muini Dugumbi's Followers Attacking Nyangwé 219
Antelope of the Nyangwé Region 220
Near Nyangwé 221
Open Country before Reaching the Forest 223
Tippu-Tib's Body Servants 224
Jumah 225
The Edge of the Forest 227
Water-bottles 228
Stool of Uregga 229
Uregga House 229
Spoons of Uregga 229
Uregga Spear 229
Cane Settee 229
Bench 230
Back-rest 230
An African Fez of Leopard-skin 230
Prickles of the Acacia Plant 231
An African Ant 231
Marabouts, Storks, and Pelicans in the Forest Lakes 232
A Forge and Smithy at Wane-Kirumbu, Uregga 233
A Young "Soko" Sitting for his Portrait 235
Head of the Gorilla 236
Backgammon Tray 236
In Full Style 237
A Tributary River 239
Wangwana Women 240
Some of the People on Shore 241
Canoes in the Mouth of the Ruiki River 243
War-hatchet of Ukusu 244
Stool of Ukusu 244
Stew-pot of the Wahika 244
Encounter with a Gorilla 245
A House of Two Rooms 246
Canoe Scoop 247
Scoops 247
"Towards the Unknown." 247
Coil of Plaited Rope, Central Africa 248
War-drums of the Tribes of the Upper Livingstone 249
Village Scene 250
Musical Instruments and Mode of Playing 251
Gorillas and Nest 253
Native Pipe 254
Scene on a Tributary of the Great River--Launching a Canoe 255
Mwana Ntaba Canoe (The "Crocodile") 256
Village near the Forest 257
Native Corn-magazine 258
African Stool 259
Spear-head 260
The Kooloo-Kamba, or Long-eared Soko 261
A Baswa Knife 262
Style of Knives 262
Baswa Basket and Cover 262
Shooting a Crocodile at the Rapids 263
Cavern near Stanley Falls 264
The Desperate Situation of Zaidi, and his Rescue by Uledi, the
Coxswain of the Boat 265
The Seventh Cataract, Stanley Falls 266
Pike--Stanley Falls 266
An African Suspension-bridge 267
Fish--Seventh Cataract, Stanley Falls 268
Baswa Palm-oil Jar and Palm-wine Cooler 268
Mouth of Drum 269
Wooden Signal-drum of the Wenya, or Wagenya, and the Tribes on
the Livingstone 269
Drumsticks--Knobs being of India-rubber 269
Shields of Ituka People 269
Fish--Stanley Falls 270
Monster Canoe 271
Native Spade 272
The Fight below the Confluence of the Aruwimi and the Livingstone
Rivers 273
Spear, Isangi 274
Knives, Rubunga 274
Rings for Protecting the Arm 275
Rubunga Blacksmiths 276
Double Iron Bells of Urangi 277
Beak of the Balinæceps Rex 278
The Balinæceps Rex 279
A Cannibal Chief 281
The Attack of the Sixty-three Canoes of the Piratical Bangala 283
Poisoned Arrows 284
A Crocodile Hunt 285
Elephant Hunters on the Congo 287
African Knife and Axes 288
Spears, and Shield of Elephant-hide 289
Spectators among the Trees 291
Encounter with a Hippopotamus 295
A Present from Chumbiri 296
The King of Chumbiri 296
Great Pipe of King of Chumbiri 297
One of the King's Wives at Chumbiri 298
A Bowman 299
Son of the King of Chumbiri 300
A Python in an African Forest 301
The Northern End of Stanley Pool 302
Map of Stanley Pool 303
One of the King's Warriors 304
African Reclining-Chair 305
A Present from Itsi 306
Floating Island in Stanley Pool 308
Village in the Valley of the Congo 309
Native Pottery 310
View of the Right Branch, First Cataract, of the Livingstone
Falls, from Four Miles below Juemba Island 311
Over Rocky Point close to Gampa's 312
At Work Passing the Lower End of the First Cataract of the
Livingstone Falls, near Rocky Island 313
African Pipes 314
Death of Kalulu 315
One of Gampa's Men 316
Village Idols 317
Hilly Regions back from the River 319
_Lady Alice_ over the Falls 321
Native Mill for Grinding Corn 322
Falls on a Tributary Stream 323
An Upland Stream and Native Bridge 324
The Nkenké River Entering the Livingstone below the _Lady Alice_
Rapids 325
Mode of Passing Boats over the Falls 327
Village on the Table-land 329
A Figure in the Market-place 330
African Market Scene 331
View in the Babwendé Country 332
Nyitti, an African Potato 333
Ugogo Cooking-pot 334
Wild Bull of Equatorial Africa 334
The New Canoes, the _Livingstone_ and the _Stanley_ 336
Cutting out the New _Livingstone_ Canoe 337
In Memoriam: Francis John Pocock 338
Fall of the Edwin Arnold River into the Pocock Basin 339
The Chief Carpenter Carried over Zinga Fall 340
The Masassa Falls, and the Entrance into Pocock Basin, or
Bolobolo Pool 341
Camp at Kilolo, above Isangila Falls 342
View from the Table-land 343
"I want Rum." 345
Village Scene, with Granary in Foreground 346
In the Valley 347
Ant-hills on the Road to Boma 348
One of the Guides 349
Catching Ants for Food 350
Mbinda Cemetery 351
In the Suburbs of Boma 352
Outbuildings of an African Factory 353
Escort of the Caravan 354
Outside the Village 356
View in the Open Country 357
Wooden Idol 358
The White-fronted Wild Hog of Central Africa 359
The Hammock on the West Coast of Africa 360
The Circumnavigators of the Victoria Nyanza and Lake Tanganika,
and Explorers of the Alexandra Nile and Livingstone (Congo)
River 361
Native Belles on the West Coast 362
Native Blacksmiths near Boma 363
At Rest: Stanley's Quarters at Kabinda by the Sea 365
Expedition at Kabinda 366
Group of Mr. Stanley's Followers at Kabinda, West Coast of
Africa, just after Crossing the "Dark Continent." 367
Scenery on the West Coast of Africa 368
A Dandy of San Paulo de Loanda 369
View of San Paulo de Loanda--The Fort of San Miguel on the Right 371
Dhows in the Harbor of Zanzibar 372
The Recuperated and Reclad Expedition as it Appeared at Admiralty
House, Simon's Town, after our Arrival on H. M. S. _Industry_ 373
The Women of the Expedition 377
Stanley, as he Left England for Africa in 1874 378
Stanley, as he Reached Zanzibar in 1877 379
Ngahma, a Congo Chief 382
View of Vivi, from the Isangila Road 383
Port of Leopoldville 384
A Photograph 385
A Congo House 386
The Effect of Civilization 387
A Native of the Lower Congo 388
Emin Pasha 391
Blacksmith's Forge and Bellows 392
Some of Emin Pasha's Irregular Troops 393
Ivory-eating Squirrel, Central Africa 394
Battle between Native Warriors and Egyptian Troops 395
Native Warrior in Emin Pasha's Province 396
The King of Unyora and his Great Chiefs 397
Native War-dance 399
Breed of Cattle in Emin Pasha's Province 400
Lado, Capital of Egyptian Equatorial Province 401
Schooli Warrior, Egyptian Equatorial Province 402
Fortified Village near Lado 403
Ismaen Abou Hatab, Trusted Officer of Emin Pasha 404
Village in the Valley of the Bengo 405
A Traveller's Caravan near Wadelay 407
A Dyoor, Subject of Emin Pasha 408
Chief of Coast Tribe in Portuguese Territory 409
Tattooing among the Coast Natives 410
Doorway of a House at Mombasa 411
Heads of Coast Natives 413
View of Mombasa 415
Camp of an English Explorer in Africa 417
Slave Caravans on the Road 419
Slaves Left to Die 421
A Spring in the Desert 423
A Wedding-dance 424
Mandara's Left Ear 426
A Corner of Mr. Johnston's Settlement 427
View of Kilimanjaro 429
Camp Scene 430
African Adjutants 432
A Well-stocked Hunting-ground 433
Plain and Mountains in Masai Land 434
Ear-stretchers and Ear-ornaments 436
A Masai Warrior 437
Masai Married Woman, with Painted Face 438
Uganda Head-dress 440
Place where Bishop Hannington was Imprisoned and Killed 441
African Oryx, or Gemsbok 442
South African Hunting--in Camp 443
Night Hunting--Elephants Coming to Drink 445
An African Serenade 446
Close Shave by an Elephant 447
Death-grapple with a Lion 448
Rhinoceros and Dogs 450
Dr. Livingstone in the Lion's Grasp 451
The Hopo, or Trap for Driving Game 453
Paul du Chaillu in Africa 454
Gorilla Hunting--Mother and Young at Play 455
Du Chaillu's First Gorilla 457
Head of Kooloo-Kamba 458
Ear of Kooloo-Kamba 458
Du Chaillu Ascending an African River 459
Gorilla Skull 461
Human Skull 461
Skeletons of Man and the Gorilla 462
A Young Gorilla--Du Chaillu's Captive 463
[Illustration: Henry Stanley]
THE BOY TRAVELLERS
ON
THE CONGO.
CHAPTER I.
CROSSING THE ATLANTIC OCEAN WITH STANLEY.--"THROUGH THE DARK
CONTINENT."--AN IMPROMPTU GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.--PERSONAL APPEARANCE OF
STANLEY.--COMMENTS UPON HIM BY FRANK AND FRED.--HOW THE GEOGRAPHICAL
SOCIETY WAS ORGANIZED.--READING STANLEY'S BOOK.--STANLEY'S
DEPARTURE FROM ENGLAND FOR ZANZIBAR.--JOINT ENTERPRISE OF TWO
NEWSPAPERS.--PREPARATIONS FOR THE EXPEDITION.--THE _LADY ALICE_.--BARKER
AND THE POCOCKS.--ZANZIBAR.--PRINCE BARGHASH.--INHABITANTS OF
ZANZIBAR.--THE WANGWANA.
At eight o'clock on the morning of December 15, 1886, the magnificent
steamer _Eider_, of the North German Lloyds, left her dock in New York
harbor for a voyage to Southampton and Bremen. Among the passengers that
gathered on her deck to wave farewell to friends on shore was one whose
name has become famous throughout the civilized world for the great work
he has performed in exploring the African continent and opening it to
commerce and Christianizing influences.
That man, it is hardly necessary to say, was HENRY M. STANLEY.
Near him stood a group of three individuals who will be recognized by
many of our readers. They were Doctor Bronson and his nephews, Frank
Bassett and Fred Bronson, whose adventures have been recorded in
previous volumes.[1]
[1] "The Boy Travellers in the Far East," in China, Japan, Siam, Java,
Ceylon, India, Egypt, the Holy Land, Africa; "The Boy Travellers in
South America;" "The Boy Travellers in the Russian Empire." Seven
volumes, published by Harper & Brothers, New York.
[Illustration: SANDY HOOK FROM NAVESINK LIGHT-HOUSE.]
Slowly the great steamer made her way among the ships at anchor in the
harbor. She passed the Narrows, then entered the Lower Bay, and, winding
through the channel between Sandy Hook and Coney Island, was soon upon
the open ocean. Near the Sandy Hook light-ship she stopped her engines
sufficiently long to discharge her pilot, and then, with her prow turned
to the eastward, she dashed away on her course at full speed. Day by day
and night by night the tireless engines throbbed and pulsated, but never
for a moment ceased their toil till the _Eider_ was off Southampton,
more than three thousand miles from her starting-point.
Doctor Bronson was acquainted with Mr. Stanley, and soon after the
steamer left the dock the two gentlemen were in conversation. After a
little while the doctor introduced his nephews, who were warmly greeted
by the great explorer; he had read of their journeys in the far East and
in other lands, and expressed his pleasure at meeting them personally.
As for Frank and Fred, they were overjoyed at the introduction and the
cordial manner in which they were received. They thanked Mr. Stanley for
the kind words he had used in speaking of their travels, which had been
of little consequence compared with his own. Frank added that he hoped
some day to be able to cross the African continent; the way had been
opened by Mr. Stanley, and, with the facilities which the latter had
given to travellers, the journey would be far easier of accomplishment
than it was twenty or even ten years ago.
Then followed a desultory conversation, of which no record has been
preserved; other passengers came up to speak to Mr. Stanley, and the
party separated. As the steamer passed into the open ocean most of the
people on deck disappeared below for the double reason that there was a
cold wind from the eastward and--breakfast was on the table.
"What a charming man Mr. Stanley is!" Fred remarked, as soon as they had
withdrawn from the group.
"Yes," replied his cousin, "and so different from what I expected he
would be. He is dignified without being haughty, and friendly without
familiarity. Before the introduction I was afraid to meet him, but found
myself quite at ease before we had been talking a minute. I'm not
surprised to hear how much those who know him are attached to him, nor
at the influence he possesses over the people among whom his great work
has been performed."
[Illustration: STANLEY IN ABYSSINIA.]
"Just think what a career he has had," continued Frank. "After various
adventures as a newspaper correspondent in Spain, Abyssinia, Ashantee,
and other countries, he was sent by the editor of the New York _Herald_
to find Dr. Livingstone in the interior of Africa. He found the famous
missionary; but when he came back, and told the story of what he had
done, a great many people refused to believe him, because they
considered the feat impossible for a newspaper correspondent. He came
out of Africa at the same point where he entered it, and it was said by
some that he had never ventured farther than a few miles from the coast.
This made him angry, and the next time he went on a tour of exploration
in Africa he made sure that the same criticism would be impossible."
"Yes, indeed!" responded Fred. "He went into the African wilderness at
Bagomoya, on the east side of the continent, and came out at the mouth
of the Congo, away over on the other side. He descended that great
river, which no white man had ever done before him, and passed through
dangers and difficulties such as few travellers of modern times have
known. And, besides--"
Before Fred could finish the sentence he had begun the Doctor joined
them, and asked Frank where he had put the parcel of books that they had
selected to read during the voyage.
"It is in our room," the youth replied, "and ready to be opened whenever
we want any of the books. We will arrange our things this forenoon, and
I will open the parcel at once."
"You selected Mr. Stanley's book, 'Through the Dark Continent,' I
believe," Doctor Bronson continued, "and I think you had better bring
that out first. Now that Mr. Stanley is with us, you will read it again
with much greater interest than before."
The youths were pleased with the suggestion, which they accepted at
once. Fred laughingly remarked that there might be danger of a quarrel
between them as to who should have the first privilege of reading the
book. Frank thought they could get over the difficulty by dividing the
two volumes between them, but he admitted that the one who read the
second volume in advance of the first would be likely to have his mind
confused as to the exact course of the exploration which the book
described.
[Illustration: MUSICIANS OF THE DARK CONTINENT.]
Doctor Bronson said he was reminded of an anecdote he once heard about
a man who always read books with a mark, which he carefully inserted at
the end of each reading. He was going through the "Life of Napoleon" at
one time, and for three evenings in succession his room-mate slyly set
back the mark to the starting-point. At the end of the third evening he
asked the reader what he thought of Napoleon.
"He was a most wonderful man," was the reply; "in three days he crossed
the Alps three times with his whole army, and went the same way every
time."
While the party were laughing over the anecdote Mr. Stanley came up, and
said he wished to have a share in the fun. The Doctor repeated the
story, and explained how it had been called to his mind.
"Well," said Mr. Stanley, "it would be very unfortunate for Masters
Frank and Fred to get the story of the Dark Continent doubled up in the
manner you suggest. I propose that they shall study it together, one
reading aloud to the other, and, as the entire book is too much for the
limited time of this voyage, they will be obliged to omit portions of
chapters here and there. The readings can take place daily during the
afternoon and evening, and the youth who is to read can devote the
forenoon to selecting the parts of the chapters he will suppress and
those which are to be given to the listeners. I will assist him in his
selections from time to time, and, with due diligence, the book will be
finished before we reach Southampton."
It was unanimously voted that the plan was an excellent one, and the
boys immediately proceeded to carry it out. The volumes were brought
forth, and Frank retired to a corner of the saloon to make a selection
for the first afternoon's reading. Mr. Stanley sat with him a short
time, marking several pages and paragraphs, and then went on deck, where
he joined Doctor Bronson in a brief promenade. Meantime Fred busied
himself with an examination of several other books of African travel; he
was evidently familiar with their contents, as he ran through the pages
with great rapidity, and marked numerous passages, with the evident
intention of referring to them in the course of the time devoted to what
we may call the public readings.
There was an intermission of labor towards the middle of the day, and at
this time Frank and Fred made the acquaintance of two or three other
youths of about their age. When the latter learned of the proposed
scheme, they asked permission to be allowed to hear how the Dark
Continent was traversed, and their request was readily granted.
Consequently the audience that assembled in the afternoon comprised some
six or eight persons, including Mr. Stanley and Doctor Bronson. Neither
of the gentlemen remained there through the whole afternoon, partly for
the reason that they were both familiar with the narrative and partly
because they did not wish to seem otherwise than confident that the boys
knew how to manage matters for themselves. This kind of work was not
altogether new to Frank and Fred, as many of our readers are aware; and
in all their previous experiences they had acquitted themselves
admirably.
When everything was ready Frank began with the opening chapter of
"Through the Dark Continent" and read as follows:
"While returning to England in April, 1874, from the Ashantee War,
the news reached me that Livingstone was dead--that his body was on
its way to England!
[Illustration: VILLAGE WHERE DR. LIVINGSTONE DIED.]
"Livingstone had then fallen! He was dead! He had died by the
shores of Lake Bemba, on the threshold of the dark region he had
wished to explore! The work he had promised me to perform was only
begun when death overtook him!
"The effect which this news had upon me, after the first shock had
passed away, was to fire me with a resolution to complete his work,
to be, if God willed it, the next martyr to geographical science,
or, if my life was to be spared, to clear up not only the secrets
of the Great River throughout its course, but also all that
remained still problematic and incomplete of the discoveries of
Burton and Speke, and Speke and Grant.
"The solemn day of the burial of the body of my great friend
arrived. I was one of the pall-bearers in Westminster Abbey, and
when I had seen the coffin lowered into the grave, and had heard
the first handful of earth thrown over it, I walked away sorrowing
over the fate of David Livingstone.
"Soon after this I was passing by an old book-shop, and observed a
volume bearing the singular title of 'How to Observe.' Upon opening
it, I perceived it contained tolerably clear instructions of 'how
and what to observe.' It was very interesting, and it whetted my
desire to know more; it led me to purchase quite an extensive
library of books upon Africa, its geography, geology, botany, and
ethnology. I thus became possessed of over one hundred and thirty
books upon Africa, which I studied with the zeal of one who had a
living interest in the subject, and with the understanding of one
who had been already four times on that continent. I knew what had
been accomplished by African explorers, and I knew how much of the
dark interior was still unknown to the world. Until late hours I
sat up, inventing and planning, sketching out routes, laying out
lengthy lines of possible exploration, noting many suggestions
which the continued study of my project created. I also drew up
lists of instruments and other paraphernalia that would be required
to map, lay out, and describe the new regions to be traversed.
"I had strolled over one day to the office of the _Daily
Telegraph_, full of the subject. While I was discussing
journalistic enterprise in general with one of the staff, the
editor entered. We spoke of Livingstone and the unfinished task
remaining behind him. In reply to an eager remark which I made, he
asked:
"'Could you, and would you, complete the work? And what is there to
do?'
"I answered:
"The outlet of Lake Tanganika is undiscovered. We know nothing
scarcely--except what Speke has sketched out--of Lake Victoria; we
do not even know whether it consists of one or many lakes, and
therefore the sources of the Nile are still unknown. Moreover, the
western half of the African continent is still a white blank.'
"'Do you think you can settle all this, if we commission you?'
"'While I live there will be something done. If I survive the time
required to perform all the work, all shall be done.'
[Illustration: JAMES GORDON BENNETT.]
"The matter was for the moment suspended, because Mr. James Gordon
Bennett, of the New York _Herald_, had prior claims on my services.
"A telegram was despatched to New York to him: 'Would he join the
_Daily Telegraph_ in sending Stanley out to Africa, to complete the
discoveries of Speke, Burton, and Livingstone?' and, within
twenty-four hours, my 'new mission' to Africa was determined on as
a joint expedition, by the laconic answer which the cable flashed
under the Atlantic: 'Yes; Bennett.'
"A few days before I departed for Africa, the _Daily Telegraph_
announced in a leading article that its proprietors had united with
Mr. James Gordon Bennett in organizing an expedition of African
discovery, under the command of Mr. Henry M. Stanley. 'The purpose
of the enterprise,' it said, 'is to complete the work left
unfinished by the lamented death of Dr. Livingstone; to solve, if
possible, the remaining problems of the geography of Central
Africa; and to investigate and report upon the haunts of the
slave-traders.... He will represent the two nations whose common
interest in the regeneration of Africa was so well illustrated when
the lost English explorer was rediscovered by the energetic
American correspondent. In that memorable journey, Mr. Stanley
displayed the best qualities of an African traveller; and with no
inconsiderable resources at his disposal to reinforce his own
complete acquaintance with the conditions of African travel, it may
be hoped that very important results will accrue from this
undertaking to the advantage of science, humanity, and
civilization.'
"Two weeks were allowed me for purchasing boats--a yawl, a gig, and
a barge--for giving orders for pontoons, and purchasing equipment,
guns, ammunition, rope, saddles, medical stores, and provisions;
for making investments in gifts for native chiefs; for obtaining
scientific instruments, stationery, etc., etc. The barge was an
invention of my own.
[Illustration: THE "LADY ALICE" IN SECTIONS.]
"It was to be forty feet long, six feet beam, and thirty inches
deep, of Spanish cedar three eighths of an inch thick. When
finished, it was to be separated into five sections, each of which
should be eight feet long. If the sections should be overweight,
they were to be again divided into halves for greater facility of
carriage. The construction of this novel boat was undertaken by Mr.
James Messenger, boat-builder, of Teddington, near London. The
pontoons were made by Cording, but though the workmanship was
beautiful, they were not a success, because the superior efficiency
of the boat for all purposes rendered them unnecessary. However,
they were not wasted. Necessity compelled us, while in Africa, to
employ them for far different purposes from those for which they
had originally been designed.
"There lived a clerk at the Langham Hotel, of the name of Frederick
Barker, who, smitten with a desire to go to Africa, was not to be
dissuaded by reports of its unhealthy climate, its dangerous
fevers, or the uncompromising views of exploring life given to him.
'He would go, he was determined to go,' he said.
"Mr. Edwin Arnold, of the _Daily Telegraph_, also suggested that I
should be accompanied by one or more young English boatmen of good
character, on the ground that their river knowledge would be
extremely useful to me. He mentioned his wish to a most worthy
fisherman, named Henry Pocock, of Lower Upnor, Kent, who had kept
his yacht for him, and who had fine stalwart sons, who bore the
reputation of being honest and trustworthy. Two of these young men
volunteered at once. Both Mr. Arnold and myself warned the Pocock
family repeatedly that Africa had a cruel character, that the
sudden change from the daily comforts of English life to the
rigorous one of an explorer would try the most perfect
constitution; would most likely be fatal to the uninitiated and
unacclimatized. But I permitted myself to be overborne by the eager
courage and devotion of these adventurous lads, and Francis John
Pocock and Edward Pocock, two very likely-looking young men, were
accordingly engaged as my assistants.
[Illustration: CANDIDATES FOR SERVICE WITH STANLEY.]
"Soon after the announcement of the 'New Mission,' applications by
the score poured into the offices of the _Daily Telegraph_ and New
York _Herald_ for employment. Before I sailed from England, over
twelve hundred letters were received from 'generals,' 'colonels,'
'captains,' 'lieutenants,' 'mid-shipmen,' 'engineers,'
'commissioners of hotels,' mechanics, waiters, cooks, servants,
somebodies and nobodies, spiritual mediums and magnetizers, etc.,
etc. They all knew Africa, were perfectly acclimatized, were quite
sure they would please me, would do important services, save me
from any number of troubles by their ingenuity and resources, take
me up in balloons or by flying carriages, make us all invisible by
their magic arts, or by the 'science of magnetism' would cause all
savages to fall asleep while we might pass anywhere without
trouble. Indeed, I feel sure that, had enough money been at my
disposal at that time, I might have led 5000 Englishmen, 5000
Americans, 2000 Frenchmen, 2000 Germans, 500 Italians, 250 Swiss,
200 Belgians, 50 Spaniards, and 5 Greeks, or 15,005 Europeans, to
Africa. But the time had not arrived to depopulate Europe, and
colonize Africa on such a scale, and I was compelled to
respectfully decline accepting the valuable services of the
applicants, and to content myself with Francis John and Edward
Pocock, and Frederick Barker--whose entreaties had been seconded by
his mother.
"I was agreeably surprised also, before departure, at the great
number of friends I possessed in England, who testified their
friendship substantially by presenting me with useful 'tokens of
their regard' in the shape of canteens, watches, water-bottles,
pipes, pistols, knives, pocket-companions, manifold writers,
cigars, packages of medicine, Bibles, prayer-books, English tracts
for the dissemination of religious knowledge among the black
pagans, poems, tiny silk banners, gold rings, etc., etc. A lady for
whom I have a reverent respect presented me also with a magnificent
prize mastiff named Castor, an English officer presented me with
another, and at the Dogs' Home at Battersea I purchased a
retriever, a bull-dog, and a bull-terrier, called respectively by
the Pococks, Nero, Bull, and Jack.
"On the 15th of August, 1874, having shipped the Europeans, boats,
dogs, and general property of the expedition, I left England for
the east coast of Africa to begin my explorations."
Here Frank paused and informed his listeners that he would not read in
full the chapter which followed, as they could not readily comprehend it
without the aid of a map. "It contains," he said, "a summary of the
history of the expeditions that have sought to find the sources of the
Nile from the days of Herodotus to the present time, the accounts of the
discoveries of the Central African lakes and of the Nile flowing from
the northern end of Lake Victoria, together with a statement of the
knowledge which Dr. Livingstone possessed concerning the Congo River and
its course. At the end of the chapter Mr. Stanley repeats his proposal
to solve the problems concerning the extent of Lakes Tanganika and
Victoria, to find the outlet of the former, and determine whether the
great river which Livingston saw was the Nile, the Niger, or the Congo.
And now we will see," continued the youth, "how Mr. Stanley entered the
African continent on his great exploration."
With these words he referred again to the book, and read as follows:
"Twenty-eight months had elapsed between my departure from Zanzibar
after the discovery of Livingstone and my rearrival on that island,
September 21, 1874.
[Illustration: VIEW OF A PORTION OF THE SEA-FRONT OF ZANZIBAR, FROM
THE WATER BATTERY TO SHANGANI POINT.]
"The well-remembered undulating ridges, and the gentle slopes clad
with palms and mango-trees bathed in warm vapor, seemed in that
tranquil, drowsy state which at all times any portion of tropical
Africa presents at first appearance. A pale-blue sky covered the
hazy land and sleeping sea as we steamed through the strait that
separates Zanzibar from the continent. Every stranger, at first
view of the shores, proclaims his pleasure. The gorgeous verdure,
the distant purple ridges, the calm sea, the light gauzy
atmosphere, the semi-mysterious silence which pervades all nature,
evoke his admiration. For it is probable that he has sailed through
the stifling Arabian Sea, with the grim, frowning mountains of
Nubia on the one hand, and on the other the drear, ochreous-colored
ridges of the Arab peninsula; and perhaps the aspect of the
thirsty volcanic rocks of Aden and the dry, brown bluffs of
Guardafui is still fresh in his memory.
[Illustration: ZANZIBAR, FROM THE SEA.]
"The stranger, of course, is intensely interested in the life
existing near the African equator, now first revealed to him, and
all that he sees and hears of figures and faces and sounds is being
freshly impressed on his memory. Figures and faces are picturesque
enough. Happy, pleased-looking men of black, yellow, or tawny
color, with long, white cotton shirts, move about with quick,
active motion, and cry out, regardless of order, to their friends
or mates in the Swahili or Arabic language, and their friends or
mates respond with equally loud voice and lively gesture, until,
with fresh arrivals, there appears to be a Babel created, wherein
English, French, Swahili, and Arabic accents mix with Hindi, and,
perhaps, Persian.
[Illustration: RED CLIFFS BEHIND UNIVERSITIES MISSION, ZANZIBAR.]
"In the midst of such a scene I stepped into a boat to be rowed to
the house of my old friend, Mr. Augustus Sparhawk, of the Bertram
Agency. I was welcomed with all the friendliness and hospitality of
my first visit, when, three years and a half previously, I arrived
at Zanzibar to set out for the discovery of Livingstone.
"With Mr. Sparhawk's aid I soon succeeded in housing comfortably my
three young Englishmen, Francis John and Edward Pocock and
Frederick Barker, and my five dogs, and in stowing safely on shore
the yawl _Wave_, the gig, and the tons of goods, provisions, and
stores I had brought.
[Illustration: VIEW FROM THE ROOF OF MR. AUGUSTUS SPARHAWK'S HOUSE.
Frank Pocock. Frederick Barker. A Zanzibar boy. Edward Pocock.
Kalula.
Bull-terrier "Jack." "Bull." Retriever "Nero." Mastiff "Captain."
Prize Mastiff "Castor."
(_From a Photograph by Mr. Stanley._)]
"Life at Zanzibar is a busy one to the intending explorer. Time
flies rapidly, and each moment of daylight must be employed in the
selection and purchase of the various kinds of cloth, beads, and
wire in demand by the different tribes of the mainland through
whose countries he purposes journeying. Strong, half-naked porters
come in with great bales of unbleached cottons, striped and colored
fabrics, handkerchiefs and red caps, bags of blue, green, red,
white, and amber-colored beads, small and large, round and oval,
and coils upon coils of thick brass wire. These have to be
inspected, assorted, arranged, and numbered separately, have to be
packed in portable bales, sacks, or packages, or boxed, according
to their character and value. The house-floors are littered with
cast-off wrappings and covers, box-lids, and a medley of rejected
paper, cloth, zinc covers, and broken boards, sawdust, and other
_débris_. Porters and servants and masters, employees and
employers, pass backward and forward, to and fro, amid all this
litter, roll bales over, or tumble about boxes; and a rending of
cloth or paper, clattering of hammers, demands for the
marking-pots, or the number of bale and box, with quick, hurried
breathing and shouting, are heard from early morning until night.
[Illustration: THE BRITISH CONSULATE AT ZANZIBAR.]
"During the day the beach throughout its length is alive with the
moving figures of porters, bearing clove and cinnamon bags, ivory,
copal and other gums, and hides, to be shipped in the lighters
waiting along the water's edge, with sailors from the shipping, and
black boatmen discharging the various imports on the sand. In the
evening the beach is crowded with the naked forms of workmen and
boys from the 'go-downs,' preparing to bathe and wash the dust of
copal and hides off their bodies in the surf. Some of the Arab
merchants have ordered chairs on the piers, or bunders, to chat
sociably until the sun sets, and prayer-time has come. Boats hurry
by with their masters and sailors returning to their respective
vessels. Dhows move sluggishly past, hoisting as they go the
creaking yards of their lateen sails, bound for the mainland ports.
Zanzibar canoes and 'matepes' are arriving with wood and produce,
and others of the same native form and make are squaring their mat
sails, outward bound. Sunset approaches, and after sunset silence
follows soon. For as there are no wheeled carriages with the
eternal rumble of their traffic in Zanzibar, with the early evening
comes early peace and rest.
[Illustration: SEYYID BARGHASH.]
"Barghash bin Sayid, the Sultan of Zanzibar, heartily approved the
objects of the expedition and gave it practical aid. It is
impossible not to feel a kindly interest in Prince Barghash, and to
wish him complete success in the reforms he is now striving to
bring about in his country. Here we see an Arab prince, educated in
the strictest school of Islam, and accustomed to regard the black
natives of Africa as the lawful prey of conquest or lust, and fair
objects of barter, suddenly turning round at the request of
European philanthropists and becoming one of the most active
opponents of the slave-trade--and the spectacle must necessarily
create for him many well-wishers and friends.
"The prince must be considered as an independent sovereign. His
territories include, besides the Zanzibar, Pemba, and Mafia
islands, nearly 1000 miles of coast, and extend probably over an
area of 20,000 square miles, with a population of half a million.
The products of Zanzibar have enriched many Europeans who traded in
them. Cloves, cinnamon, tortoise-shell, pepper, copal gum, ivory,
orchilla weed, india-rubber, and hides have been exported for
years; but this catalogue does not indicate a tithe of what might
be produced by the judicious investment of capital. Those intending
to engage in commercial enterprises would do well to study works on
Mauritius, Natal, and the Portuguese territories, if they wish to
understand what these fine, fertile lands are capable of. The
cocoa-nut palm flourishes at Zanzibar and on the mainland, the oil
palm thrives luxuriantly in Pemba, and sugar-cane will grow
everywhere. Caoutchouc remains undeveloped in the maritime belts of
woodland, and the acacia forests, with their wealth of gums, are
nearly untouched. Rice is sown on the Rufiji banks, and yields
abundantly; cotton would thrive in any of the rich river bottoms;
and then there are, besides, the grains, millet, Indian corn, and
many others, the cultivation of which, though only in a languid
way, the natives understand. The cattle, coffee, and goats of the
interior await also the energetic man of capital and the commercial
genius.
"Those whom we call the Arabs of Zanzibar are either natives of
Muscat who have immigrated thither to seek their fortunes, or
descendants of the conquerors of the Portuguese; many of them are
descended from the Arab conquerors who accompanied Seyyid Sultan,
the grandfather of the present Seyyid Barghash. While many of these
descendants of the old settlers still cling to their homesteads,
farms, and plantations, and acquire sufficient competence by the
cultivation of cloves, cinnamon, oranges, cocoa-nut palms,
sugar-cane, and other produce, a great number have emigrated into
the interior to form new colonies. Hamed Ibrahim has been eighteen
years in Karagwé, Muini Kheri has been thirty years in Ujiji,
Sultan bin Ali has been twenty-five years in Unyanyembé, Muini
Dugumbi has been eight years in Nyangwé, Juma Merikani has been
seven years in Rua, and a number of other prominent Arabs may be
cited to prove that, though they themselves firmly believe that
they will return to the coast some day, there are too many reasons
for believing that they never will.
"The Arabs of Zanzibar, whether from more frequent intercourse with
Europeans or from other causes, are undoubtedly the best of their
race. More easily amenable to reason than those of Egypt, or the
shy, reserved, and bigoted fanatics of Arabia, they offer no
obstacles to the European traveller, but are sociable, frank,
good-natured, and hospitable. In business they are keen traders,
and of course will exact the highest percentage of profit out of
the unsuspecting European if they are permitted. They are stanch
friends and desperate haters. Blood is seldom satisfied without
blood, unless extraordinary sacrifices are made. The conduct of an
Arab gentleman is perfect. Impertinence is hushed instantly by the
elders, and rudeness is never permitted.
[Illustration: A ZANZIBAR NURSE-MAID.]
"After the Arabs let us regard the Wangwana, or negro natives of
Zanzibar, just as in Europe, after studying the condition and
character of the middle-classes, we might turn to reflect upon that
of the laboring population.
"After nearly seven years' acquaintance with the Wangwana, I have
come to perceive that they represent in their character much of the
disposition of a large portion of the negro tribes of the
continent. I find them capable of great love and affection, and
possessed of gratitude and other noble traits of human nature; I
know, too, that they can be made good, obedient servants, that many
are clever, honest, industrious, docile, enterprising, brave, and
moral; that they are, in short, equal to any other race or color on
the face of the globe, in all the attributes of manhood. But to be
able to perceive their worth, the traveller must bring an
unprejudiced judgment, a clear, fresh, and patient observation, and
must forget that lofty standard of excellence upon which he and his
race pride themselves, before he can fairly appreciate the
capabilities of the Zanzibar negro. The traveller should not forget
the origin of his own race, the condition of the Briton before St.
Augustine visited his country, but should rather recall to mind the
first state of the 'wild Caledonian,' and the original
circumstances and surroundings of primitive man.
"Being, I hope, free from prejudices of caste, color, race, or
nationality, and endeavoring to pass what I believe to be a just
judgment upon the negroes of Zanzibar, I find that they are a
people just emerged into the Iron Epoch, and now thrust forcibly
under the notice of nations who have left them behind by the
improvements of over four thousand years. They possess beyond doubt
all the vices of a people still fixed deeply in barbarism, but they
understand to the full what and how low such a state is; it is,
therefore, a duty imposed upon us by the religion we profess, and
by the sacred command of the Son of God, to help them out of the
deplorable state they are now in. At any rate, before we begin to
hope for the improvement of races so long benighted, let us leave
off this impotent bewailing of their vices, and endeavor to
discover some of the virtues they possess as men, for it must be
with the aid of their virtues, and not by their vices, that the
missionary of civilization can ever hope to assist them.
[Illustration: LADY OF ZANZIBAR READING AN ARABIC MANUSCRIPT.]
"It is to the Wangwana that Livingstone, Burton, Speke, and Grant
owe, in great part, the accomplishment of their objects, and while
in the employ of those explorers, this race rendered great services
to geography. From a considerable distance north of the equator
down to the Zambezi and across Africa to Benguella and the mouth of
the Congo, or Livingstone, they have made their names familiar to
tribes who, but for the Wangwana, would have remained ignorant to
this day of all things outside their own settlements. They possess,
with many weaknesses, many fine qualities. While very
superstitious, easily inclined to despair, and readily giving ear
to vague, unreasonable fears, they may also, by judicious
management, be induced to laugh at their own credulity and roused
to a courageous attitude, to endure like stoics, and fight like
heroes. It will depend altogether upon the leader of a body of
such men whether their worst or best qualities shall prevail.
[Illustration: NATIVE WATER-CARRIER, ZANZIBAR.]
"There is another class coming into notice from the interior of
Africa, who, though of a sterner nature, will, I am convinced, as
they are better known, become greater favorites than the Wangwana.
I refer to the Wanyamwezi, or the natives of Unyamwezi, and the
Wasukuma, or the people of Usukuma. Naturally, being a grade less
advanced towards civilization than the Wangwana, they are not so
amenable to discipline as the latter. While explorers would in the
present state of acquaintance prefer the Wangwana as escort, the
Wanyamwezi are far superior as porters. Their greater freedom from
diseases, their greater strength and endurance, the pride they take
in their profession of porters, prove them born travellers of
incalculable use and benefit to Africa. If kindly treated, I do not
know more docile and good-natured creatures. Their skill in war,
tenacity of purpose, and determination to defend the rights of
their elected chief against foreigners, have furnished themes for
song to the bards of Central Africa. The English discoverer of
Lake Tanganika and, finally, I myself have been equally indebted to
them, both on my first and last expeditions.
"From their numbers, and their many excellent qualities, I am led
to think that the day will come when they will be regarded as
something better than the 'best of pagazis;' that they will be
esteemed as the good subjects of some enlightened power, who will
train them up as the nucleus of a great African nation, as powerful
for the good of the Dark Continent, as they threaten, under the
present condition of things, to be for its evil."
Here Frank paused and announced an intermission of ten minutes, to
enable the reader to rest a little. During the intermission the youths
discussed what they had heard, and agreed unanimously that the
description of Zanzibar and its people and their ruler was very
interesting.
[Illustration: HINDOO MERCHANT OF ZANZIBAR.]